CN108176132B - High silt removal and purification system and corresponding method for living plankton detection - Google Patents
High silt removal and purification system and corresponding method for living plankton detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN108176132B CN108176132B CN201810175745.XA CN201810175745A CN108176132B CN 108176132 B CN108176132 B CN 108176132B CN 201810175745 A CN201810175745 A CN 201810175745A CN 108176132 B CN108176132 B CN 108176132B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high silt water silt removing and purifying system for living plankton detection and a corresponding method. The prior art can not detect and count the number and the type of planktonic microorganisms in high sediment water. Therefore, the high sediment water sediment removal and purification system for living plankton detection comprises a first sedimentation container and a second sedimentation container, wherein the four walls and the bottom plate are opaque, and a cover plate, a partition plate, a vertical strip-shaped light transmission window and a window shade are arranged. The invention also relates to a corresponding method. The invention makes the first precipitation container in a non-light-transmitting design except the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window, and solves the technical problems of how to detect and the number and the species of living plankton in high sediment simply and conveniently, which cannot be solved by the prior art, and is an important weapon for ecological investigation and environmental monitoring in high sediment water areas such as the middle and lower reaches of yellow river.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high silt water silt removing and purifying system for living plankton detection and a corresponding method.
Background
Plankton is an important component of the ecological system of a water area, is the energy and material basis for other higher aquatic organisms to survive, and plays an important role in the material circulation and energy flow of the ecological system. Plankton are various in variety and form and function. Has the characteristics of strong sensitivity, short growth period and easy separation and culture. Can be divided into phytoplankton and zooplankton, including microscopic protozoa, algae, and also including larvae of certain crustaceans, mollusks and certain animals. Most plankton have no swimming ability, can only flow with water, and a small part has weak swimming ability. Phytoplankton performs photosynthesis by utilizing illumination, and has good phototaxis. Therefore, under different illumination conditions, the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in water can change to a certain extent.
Phytoplankton is taken as a primary producer, and can be taken as biological bait directly by fish which like to eat plankton. Because plankton is very sensitive to water quality change, the plankton can be used as an indicator organism for water environment monitoring and water body evaluation. The species identification is carried out by collecting plankton, so that the species, biomass, abundance and appearance season and distribution condition of plankton indicators in the water body are known.
In some rivers (such as the downstream of yellow river), the sediment content is high, a large amount of sediment in the water body has high interference on plankton identification and analysis, the sediment content in the water body is high, the light transmittance is low, and the plankton detection work by the microscope technology cannot be accurately performed. In the prior art, a natural precipitation method is adopted, and the population density of plankton is reduced after a period of time due to the existence of long precipitation time in natural precipitation, and plankton dies and subsides in the precipitation process, so that sediment and organisms cannot be separated, and the final detection data is inaccurate.
At present, no filtering and purifying device can effectively separate sediment and plankton. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of filling the blank in the prior art and provides a high silt removal and purification system for living plankton detection and a corresponding method.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, this living body plankton detects with high silt water sediment removal, clean system includes first sedimentation container, and this first sedimentation container bottom is equipped with a first drain pipe, is equipped with first drain valve on the first drain pipe, its characterized in that: it also comprises a second precipitation container, an air pump, a short bracket, a middle bracket and a high bracket,
the top of the first precipitation container is also provided with a cover plate, a fluorescent lamp is arranged below the cover plate, a switch is arranged outside the cover plate, the fluorescent lamp is provided with a power supply or a power plug, and the fluorescent lamp is connected with the switch, the power supply or the power plug through a wire to form a lighting circuit;
the four walls and the bottom plate of the first sedimentation container are opaque, a vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window is arranged on one side wall of the first sedimentation container, the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window is provided with a window shade, the upper end of the window shade is fixed on the cover plate, and the window shade can be rolled and unfolded and covers the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window;
the first sedimentation container bottom is equipped with the baffle, and the baffle separates a filtration storehouse in first sedimentation container lower part, is equipped with in this filtration storehouse and filters the package, and this filters the package and make up by the filter cloth and form, filters the inside packing of package and has active carbon, and first drain pipe is located filtration storehouse one end, is equipped with a breach that intakes on the baffle of filtration storehouse other end, still is equipped with a wet return and second drain pipe on the first sedimentation container lateral wall, and the second drain pipe sets up in the baffle top, and is equipped with the second valve on this second drain pipe, and this wet return top is equipped with a funnel, and the wet return lower part is equipped with the wet return, and the wet return lower extreme lets in the first sedimentation container, and the wet return lower extreme port is located the baffle top. The baffle is preferentially and movably connected with the baffle, the filtering bag can also filter large-particle sediment, and the filtering bag and the activated carbon are replaceable and can be washed and regenerated by clean water.
The first sedimentation container is placed on the middle bracket, the short bracket and the high bracket are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the middle bracket, the top of the second sedimentation container is provided with an opening, the bottom of the second sedimentation container is provided with a third drain pipe, the third drain pipe is provided with a third drain valve, the second sedimentation container can be placed on the short bracket or the high bracket according to the requirement, when the second sedimentation container is positioned on the short bracket, the first drain pipe orifice of the first sedimentation container is positioned above the opening at the top of the second sedimentation container, and when the second sedimentation container is positioned on the high bracket, the third drain pipe orifice of the second sedimentation container is positioned above the funnel at the top of the water return pipe of the first sedimentation container;
the air pump is arranged on the side wall of the first sedimentation container, a hose is connected to an air outlet pipe of the air pump, the hose stretches into water in the first sedimentation container, and an air outlet hole is formed in the hose positioned in the water. By adopting the design, most of sediment is removed on the premise of ensuring that living plankton keeps active, and meanwhile, the water temperature and water quantity are ensured to be unchanged,
the invention relates to a method for detecting living plankton in high sediment water, which comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting high sediment water containing living plankton.
(2) And (3) closing a first drain valve and a water return valve of the high silt water silt removing and purifying system for detecting living plankton, then injecting the collected high silt water containing living plankton into a first precipitation container, covering a cover plate, starting an air pump, then releasing a window shade, covering a vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window, simultaneously ensuring that a fluorescent lamp is in a closed state, and preserving for 10-12 hours at room temperature.
(3) Placing the second sedimentation container on a short bracket, closing a third drain valve, enabling a first drain pipe orifice of the first sedimentation container to be opposite to an upper opening of the second sedimentation container, then opening a fluorescent lamp, closing an air pump after one hour, rolling up a window shade after half an hour, at the moment, finding that part of silt in water is settled on the upper surface of a baffle plate through a vertical strip-shaped light transmission window, initially clarifying the water in the first sedimentation container, then opening a first drain valve, enabling the initially clarified water in the first sedimentation container to flow into a filter bin, adsorbing residual silt in the water by activated carbon in the filter bin to form clear water, enabling the clear water to flow into the second sedimentation container through the first drain valve, and closing the first drain valve when the water surface of the first sedimentation container is 15 cm away from the baffle plate;
(4) then, the second sedimentation container is moved to a high support, a third drain pipe orifice of the second sedimentation container is positioned above a funnel at the top of a water return pipe of the first sedimentation container, then a water return valve is opened firstly, and then the third drain valve is opened, so that clean water in the second sedimentation container slowly returns to the second sedimentation container through the water return pipe;
(5) when clear water in the second precipitation container is completely returned to the first precipitation container, the window shade is released again, the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window is covered, the window shade is kept stand for 1 hour, the window shade is rolled up, then the second precipitation container is placed on the short support again, the first drain valve is opened, the initially clarified water in the first precipitation container flows into the filtering bin, residual sediment in the water is adsorbed by activated carbon in the filtering bin to form clear water, the clear water flows into the second precipitation container through the first drain valve, and when the water surface of the first precipitation container is 15 cm away from the partition plate, the first drain valve is closed;
(6) if the water quality in the first precipitation container is observed to be still turbid through the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window, returning to the step (4), and repeating the steps until the water quality in the first precipitation container is clarified; if the water quality in the first precipitation container is observed to be clear, the second valve is opened, and the high sediment purified water containing living plankton can be obtained.
(7) Detecting the high sediment purified water containing living plankton obtained in the step (6).
The first precipitation container is designed in such a way that the other parts except the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window are designed to be light-proof, and a fluorescent lamp is additionally arranged in the first precipitation container. When in use, the living plankton is in a light starvation state firstly by artificial setting, and then the fluorescent lamp is turned on, so that the living plankton is attracted to the vicinity of the water surface. At this time, part of the sediment is precipitated to the lower part of the first precipitation vessel. At this time, the first drain valve is opened, and the water at the middle and lower part in the first sedimentation container is filtered by the filter bin to form clear water, and the clear water is discharged into the second sedimentation container. The sediment in the clear water is adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the water temperature and the water quantity are basically unchanged. And then the part of clear water flows back to the first precipitation container through the water return pipe, so that the water temperature and the water quantity in the first precipitation container are not changed, and only most of sediment is adsorbed by the activated carbon.
As optimization, in the step (1), weather is selected, and the weather is collected in noon. Both zooplankton and phytoplankton have phototaxis. In sunny days, in noon, sunlight shines generally, at the moment, the photosynthesis of plankton is vigorous, the population density of plankton is higher, and plankton is concentrated in shallow water close to the water surface, so that collection is facilitated.
The high silt water silt removing and purifying system for detecting living plankton has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use, and the method for detecting living plankton in high silt water fully utilizes the phototactic and migration range of plankton, simply and conveniently solves the technical problems of how to detect living plankton in high silt and the number and the variety of living plankton in the high silt, which cannot be solved in the prior art, and is an important device for ecological investigation and environment monitoring in high silt water areas such as the downstream of yellow river.
Drawings
The high silt water silt removing and purifying system and the corresponding method for detecting living plankton are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and positional relationship between a first sedimentation vessel and a second sedimentation vessel in step (3) of the method for detecting living plankton in high sediment water;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and positional relationship between the first sedimentation vessel and the second sedimentation vessel in step (4) of the method for detecting living plankton in high sediment water;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view showing the use state of a vacuum sampling device in the high sediment removal and purification system for detecting living plankton;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial section of a high sediment water for detecting living plankton, wherein after a vacuum sampling device in a purification system is filled with water, a floating ball floats upwards, a winch is rocked after a horizontal clamping column is separated from a horizontal clamping groove, a pull rope is pulled upwards, a conical plug plugs a conical hole part, and a sealing valve is closed;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a partial section of a boom, which is turned to a boat for distribution, by pulling a boom after the high sediment water for living plankton detection is sucked into a sample tube, taken away from the water surface and lifted to a sufficient height under the action of atmospheric pressure during the lifting process of a vacuum sampling device in a sediment removal and purification system.
In the figure: 1 is a first sedimentation container, 2 is a first drain pipe, 3 is a first drain valve, 4 is a second sedimentation container, 5 is an air pump, 6 is a short bracket, 7 is a middle bracket, 8 is a high bracket, 9 is a cover plate, 10 is a fluorescent lamp, 11 is a power plug, 12 is a vertically long strip-shaped light transmission window, 13 is a window shade, 14 is a baffle plate, 15 is a filter bin, 16 is a water return valve, 17 is a water return pipe, 18 is a second drain pipe, 19 is a second valve, 20 is a third drain pipe, 21 is a third drain valve, 22 is a hose, 23 is a winch, 24 is a suspension arm, 25 is a pulley, 26 is a sampling circular tube, 27 is a matched ship, 28 is a conical plug, 29 is a connecting rod, 30 is a hanging hole, 31 is a horizontal clamping groove, 32 is an annular hollow buoy, 33 is a protruding plate, 34 is a lever, 35 is a horizontal clamping column, 36 is a floating ball, 37 is a pull rope, 38 is a rocking handle, 39 is a rocking arm, 40 is a conical hole part, 41 is an annular outer edge on the sampling circular tube, and 42 is an annular clamping plate.
Description of the embodiments
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the high silt water silt removal and purification system for living plankton detection comprises a first precipitation container 1, wherein a first drain pipe 2 is arranged at the bottom of the first precipitation container 1, and a first drain valve 3 is arranged on the first drain pipe 2, and is characterized in that: it also comprises a second sedimentation container 4, an air pump 5, a short support 6, a middle support 7 and a high support 8.
The top of the first precipitation container 1 is further provided with a cover plate 9, a fluorescent lamp 10 is arranged below the cover plate 9, a switch (not shown in the figure) is arranged outside the cover plate 9, and the fluorescent lamp 9 is provided with a power supply or a power plug 11, and the fluorescent lamp 10 and the switch, the power supply or the power plug 11 are connected into a lighting circuit through wires.
The four walls and the bottom plate of the first sedimentation container 1 are opaque, a vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12 is arranged on one side wall of the first sedimentation container 1, the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12 is provided with a window shade 13, the upper end of the window shade 13 is fixed on the cover plate 9, can be rolled and unfolded, and covers the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12;
the bottom of the first sedimentation container 1 is provided with a baffle plate 14, the baffle plate 14 separates a filter bin 15 at the lower part of the first sedimentation container 1, a filter bag is arranged in the filter bin 15, the filter bag is sewed by filter cloth, activated carbon is filled in the filter bag, the first drain pipe 2 is positioned at one end of the filter bin 15, and a water inlet notch is arranged on the baffle plate 14 at the other end of the filter bin 15.
The side wall of the first sedimentation container 1 is also provided with a water return pipe 17 and a second water discharge pipe 18, the second water discharge pipe 18 is arranged above the partition plate 14, the second water discharge pipe 18 is provided with a second valve 19, the top of the water return pipe 17 is provided with a funnel, the lower part of the water return pipe 17 is provided with a water return valve 16, the lower end of the water return pipe 17 is led into the first sedimentation container 1, and the port of the lower end of the water return pipe 17 is positioned above the partition plate 14.
The first sedimentation container 1 is placed on the middle support 7, the short support 6 and the high support 8 are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the middle support 7, the top of the second sedimentation container 4 is opened, a third drain pipe 20 is arranged at the bottom of the second sedimentation container, a third drain valve 21 is arranged on the third drain pipe 20, and the second sedimentation container 4 can be placed on the short support 6 or the high support 8 according to the requirement.
When the second sedimentation container 4 is positioned on the short bracket 6, the orifice of the first drain pipe 2 of the first sedimentation container 1 is positioned above the opening at the top of the second sedimentation container 4, and when the second sedimentation container 4 is positioned on the high bracket 8, the orifice of the third drain pipe 20 of the second sedimentation container is positioned above the funnel at the top of the return pipe 17 of the first sedimentation container;
the air pump 5 is arranged on the side wall of the first sedimentation container 1, a hose 22 is connected to an air outlet pipe of the air pump 5, the hose 22 stretches into the water in the first sedimentation container 1, and an air outlet hole (not shown in the figure) is formed in the hose 22 positioned in the water.
As shown in fig. 3-5, the system for removing silt and purifying high silt water for detecting living plankton further comprises a vacuum sampling device, wherein the vacuum sampling device comprises a winch 23, a suspension arm 24, a pulley 25 and a sampling circular tube 26, and the winch 23 is fixed on a matched ship 27 (of course, the system can also be arranged in the middle section of a matched bridge, which is not shown in the drawing).
As shown in fig. 3, the boom 24 is rotatably fixed on the deployment vessel 27, the upper and lower openings of the sampling circular tube 26 are provided with a taper hole portion 40 at the upper portion of the sampling circular tube 26, the taper hole portion 40 is large at the lower portion and small at the upper portion, an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped taper plug 28 is arranged in the taper hole portion 40, a connecting rod 29 is fixed at the center of the taper plug 28, a hanging hole 30 is arranged at the top of the connecting rod 29, horizontal clamping grooves 31 are respectively arranged at two sides of the middle section of the connecting rod 29, an annular hollow pontoon 32 is sleeved at the upper portion of the sampling circular tube 26, two annular outer protruding edges 41 are arranged on the sampling circular tube, two annular clamping plates 42 are arranged at the inner sides of the two annular outer protruding edges 41, and the annular hollow pontoon 32 is clamped between the two annular clamping plates. After the annular hollow pontoon 32 is inflated, the two annular clamping plates 42 are supported outwards and clamped inside the two annular outer protruding edges 41.
The top of the sampling round tube 26 is provided with two opposite protruding plates 33, each protruding plate 33 is hinged with a lever 34, one side of each lever 34 is long, one side of each lever 34 is short, the short end of each lever 34 is provided with a horizontal clamping column 35, the long ends of the levers 34 are fixedly connected with a floating ball 36, the two levers 34 are respectively positioned on two sides of the connecting rod 29, the horizontal clamping columns 35 of the two levers 34 can be respectively clamped in the corresponding horizontal clamping grooves 31 from two sides, the conical plug 28 and the conical hole part 40 form a sealing valve, and the lower edge height of the conical hole part 40 is lower than the waterline of the annular hollow pontoon 32. The lower sampling tube 26 is filled with water and no air when the sealing valve is closed.
A pull rope 37 is tied in the hanging hole 30, the pull rope 37 is fixed on the winch drum 23 after crossing the pulley 25, the winch drum 23 is provided with a rocking handle 38, and a rocking arm 39 is fixed on one side of the suspension arm 24. Through researches, the vertical migration limit of planktonic microorganisms is 5 meters, and the length of a sampling circular tube in the vacuum sampling device is 6 meters, so that all planktonic microorganisms in the water depth of 5.5 meters can be collected in the morning, noon, afternoon and even at night. Meanwhile, the vacuum sampling device has the advantages of minimum interference to planktonic microorganisms, accurate sampling and convenience because of no water pump or movable parts. The method is convenient for researching the distribution condition of planktonic microorganisms in each time period. So designed, the number and the types of planktonic microorganisms in the unit high sediment water are convenient to detect and count.
The method for detecting living plankton in high sediment water comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting high sediment water containing living plankton.
Preferably weather, and collecting in noon. The vacuum sampling device is preferably used for sampling, and the method is as follows:
a. the auxiliary vessel 27 is driven into a water area to be sampled, anchors are locked, two horizontal clamping columns 35 of the vacuum sampling device are clamped into corresponding horizontal clamping grooves 31, a rocking handle 38 is rocked to drive a pull rope 37, the sampling round tube 26 is lifted, a rotary arm 39 is pulled, the suspension arm 24 is rotated to rotate the sampling round tube 26 out of the auxiliary vessel 27, then the sampling round tube 26 is slowly put into water, surrounding water slowly enters the sampling round tube 26, and finally the lower edge of a taper hole part 40 is sunk.
When the ring-shaped hollow pontoon 32 and the floating ball 36 are put into water, the pull rope 37 is continuously loosened, and the floating ball 36 floats upwards, the lever 34 drives the horizontal clamping column 35 to be separated from the horizontal clamping groove 31, as shown in fig. 4.
b. The rocking handle 38 is reversely rocked, the pull rope 37 is tightened, the horizontal clamping groove 31 is released, the pull rope drives the connecting rod 29 to ascend, the taper plug 28 is completely blocked on the taper hole part 40, and the sealing valve is closed. And then continues to tighten the pull rope 37 to lift the vacuum sampling device entirely off the water surface. The water in the sampling tube 26 is affected by the atmospheric pressure, remains in the sampling tube 26, and rises along with the sampling tube 26.
c. When the sampling tube 26 is raised to a sufficient height, the rotary arm 39 is turned, the suspension arm 24 is turned, the sampling tube 26 is turned to be above the first sedimentation container 1 above the deck of the deployment vessel 27, as shown in fig. 5, the cover plate 9 is removed, and the lower opening of the sampling tube 26 is inserted into the first sedimentation container 1;
(2) the high sediment water for living plankton detection is removed, the first drain valve 3 and the water return valve 16 of the purifying system are closed, then the connecting rod 29 is pressed downwards, the taper plug 28 is separated from the side wall of the taper hole part 40, the sealing valve is opened, and the high sediment water in the sampling circular tube 26 naturally flows into the first sedimentation container 1.
And then the cover plate 9 is covered, the air pump 5 is started, the window shade 13 is released, the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12 is covered, the fluorescent lamp 10 is ensured to be in a closed state, and the fluorescent lamp is stored for 4-5 hours at room temperature. In this process, living phytoplankton can receive oxygen, but cannot receive sunlight, and is in a light starvation state. Large-particle sediment in the high sediment water is primarily precipitated and accumulated on the upper surface of the partition 14.
(3) Placing the second sedimentation container 4 on the short support 6, closing the third drain valve 21, enabling the orifice of the first drain pipe 2 of the first sedimentation container 1 to face the upper opening of the second sedimentation container 4, opening the fluorescent lamp 10, closing the air pump 5 after one hour, rolling up the window shade 13 after half an hour, at the moment, through the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12, finding that part of silt in water is settled on the upper surface of the partition plate 14, initially clarifying the water in the first sedimentation container 1, opening the first drain valve 3, enabling the initially clarified water in the first sedimentation container 1 to flow into the filter bin 15, enabling residual silt in the water to be adsorbed by activated carbon in the filter bin 15 to form clear water, enabling the clear water to flow into the second sedimentation container 4 through the first drain valve 3, and closing the first drain valve 3 when the water surface of the first sedimentation container 1 is lowered to be 15 cm away from the partition plate.
This prevents the water surface from dropping too low and the active planktonic microorganisms are adsorbed by the activated carbon.
(4) Then, the second sedimentation container 4 is moved to the upper support 8, the orifice of the third drain pipe 20 of the second sedimentation container 4 is positioned above the funnel at the top of the water return pipe 17 of the first sedimentation container 1, then the water return valve 16 is opened first, and then the third drain valve 21 is opened, so that the clean water in the second sedimentation container 4 slowly returns to the second sedimentation container 4 through the water return pipe 17.
(5) And (3) completely refluxing the clear water in the second precipitation container 4 to the first precipitation container 1, releasing the window shade 13 again, covering the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12, standing for 1 hour, rolling up the window shade 13, then placing the second precipitation container 4 on the short support 6 again, opening the first drain valve 3 to enable the initially clarified water in the first precipitation container 1 to flow into the filter bin 15, adsorbing residual sediment in the water by the activated carbon in the filter bin 15 to form clear water, flowing the clear water into the second precipitation container 4 through the first drain valve 3, and closing the first drain valve 3 when the water surface of the first precipitation container 1 is lowered to 15 cm away from the partition plate.
(6) If the water quality in the first precipitation container 1 is still turbid through the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window 12, returning to the step (4), and repeating the steps until the water quality in the first precipitation container 1 is clear; if the water quality in the first precipitation vessel 1 is observed to be clear, the second valve 19 is opened, and the high sediment purified water containing living plankton can be obtained.
(7) Detecting the high sediment purified water containing living plankton obtained in the step (6), which is hereinafter referred to as high sediment purified water.
When detecting phytoplankton: taking 1000ml of high sediment purified water, adding a Ruger test solution for fixation, precipitating 48 and h, siphoning off supernatant, and concentrating to 40ml. After shaking, the drops were quickly aspirated in a 0.1. 0.1 ml counting frame, and observed under a 10×40 microscope, two pieces were counted and averaged.
When zooplankton is detected, 5L of high sediment purified water is taken, the high sediment purified water is filtered and concentrated by a No. 25 plankton net, 1.5mL of 4% formalin is added for fixation, and the mixture is brought back to a laboratory for sample analysis. After shaking the fixed samples, the samples were quickly pipetted into a 1 ml counting frame, observed under a 10X 10 microscope, counted, and averaged.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a living body plankton detects with high silt water silt removal sand, clean system, includes first sedimentation container, and this first sedimentation container bottom is equipped with a first drain pipe, is equipped with first drain valve on the first drain pipe, its characterized in that: it also comprises a second precipitation container, an air pump, a short bracket, a middle bracket and a high bracket,
the top of the first precipitation container is also provided with a cover plate, a fluorescent lamp is arranged below the cover plate, a switch is arranged outside the cover plate, the fluorescent lamp is provided with a power supply or a power plug, and the fluorescent lamp is connected with the switch, the power supply or the power plug through a wire to form a lighting circuit;
the four walls and the bottom plate of the first sedimentation container are opaque, a vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window is arranged on one side wall of the first sedimentation container, the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window is provided with a window shade, the upper end of the window shade is fixed on the cover plate, and the window shade can be rolled and unfolded and covers the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window;
the bottom of the first sedimentation container is provided with a baffle plate, the lower part of the first sedimentation container is separated by a filter bin, a filter bag is arranged in the filter bin, the filter bag is sewn by filter cloth, activated carbon is filled in the filter bag, a first drain pipe is positioned at one end of the filter bin, the baffle plate at the other end of the filter bin is provided with a water inlet notch, the side wall of the first sedimentation container is also provided with a water return pipe and a second drain pipe, the second drain pipe is arranged above the baffle plate, the second drain pipe is provided with a second valve, the top of the water return pipe is provided with a funnel, the lower part of the water return pipe is provided with a water return valve, the lower end of the water return pipe is led into the first sedimentation container, and the port of the lower end of the water return pipe is positioned above the baffle plate;
the first sedimentation container is placed on the middle bracket, the short bracket and the high bracket are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the middle bracket, the top of the second sedimentation container is provided with an opening, the bottom of the second sedimentation container is provided with a third drain pipe, the third drain pipe is provided with a third drain valve, the second sedimentation container can be placed on the short bracket or the high bracket according to the requirement, when the second sedimentation container is positioned on the short bracket, the first drain pipe orifice of the first sedimentation container is positioned above the opening at the top of the second sedimentation container, and when the second sedimentation container is positioned on the high bracket, the third drain pipe orifice of the second sedimentation container is positioned above the funnel at the top of the water return pipe of the first sedimentation container;
the air pump is arranged on the side wall of the first sedimentation container, a hose is connected on an air outlet pipe of the air pump, the hose stretches into the water in the first sedimentation container, an air outlet hole is arranged on the hose positioned in the water,
the vacuum sampling device comprises a winch, a suspension arm, a pulley and a sampling round tube, wherein the winch is fixed on the matched ship,
the davit rotationally is fixed on the joining in marriage and use the ship, upper and lower opening of sampling pipe, sampling pipe upper portion is equipped with a taper hole portion, and this taper hole portion is big down, is equipped with the taper plug of the round platform shape of falling in the taper hole portion, and this taper plug center is fixed with a connecting rod, and this connecting rod top is equipped with the hanging hole, and connecting rod middle section both sides are equipped with the horizontal draw-in groove respectively, sampling pipe upper portion cover has annular hollow pontoon, is equipped with two annular outer protruding edges on the sampling pipe, two annular outer protruding edges inboard establish two annular splint, annular hollow floating collet chuck is between two annular splint. After the annular hollow pontoon is inflated, the two annular clamping plates are outwards supported and clamped at the inner sides of the two annular outer protruding edges,
the top of the sampling round tube is provided with two opposite protruding plates, each protruding plate is hinged with a lever, one side of each lever is long, one side of each lever is short, the short end of each lever is provided with a horizontal clamping column, the long end of each lever is fixedly connected with a floating ball, the two levers are respectively located on two sides of the connecting rod, the horizontal clamping columns of the two levers can be respectively clamped in corresponding horizontal clamping grooves from two sides, the conical plug and the conical hole part form a sealing valve, and the lower edge height of the conical hole part is lower than the waterline of the annular hollow pontoon. When the sealing valve is closed, the sampling round tube at the lower part of the sealing valve is filled with water and has no air,
a pull rope is tied in the hanging hole, and after crossing the pulley, the pull rope is fixed on the winch barrel, the winch barrel is provided with a rocking handle, and a rocking arm is fixed on one side of the suspension arm.
2. The method for detecting living plankton in high sediment water comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting high sediment water containing living plankton;
(2) the method comprises the steps of closing the first drain valve and the water return valve of the high silt water silt removing and purifying system for detecting living plankton according to claim 1, then injecting the collected high silt water containing living plankton into the first precipitation container, covering a cover plate, opening an air pump, then opening a window shade, covering a vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window, simultaneously ensuring that a fluorescent lamp is in a closed state, and preserving for 4-5 hours at room temperature,
(3) placing the second sedimentation container on a short bracket, closing a third drain valve, enabling a first drain pipe orifice of the first sedimentation container to be opposite to an upper opening of the second sedimentation container, then opening a fluorescent lamp, closing an air pump after one hour, rolling up a window shade after half an hour, at the moment, finding that part of silt in water is settled on the upper surface of a baffle plate through a vertical strip-shaped light transmission window, initially clarifying the water in the first sedimentation container, then opening a first drain valve, enabling the initially clarified water in the first sedimentation container to flow into a filter bin, adsorbing residual silt in the water by activated carbon in the filter bin to form clear water, enabling the clear water to flow into the second sedimentation container through the first drain valve, and closing the first drain valve when the water surface of the first sedimentation container is 15 cm away from the baffle plate;
(4) then, the second sedimentation container is moved to a high support, a third drain pipe orifice of the second sedimentation container is positioned above a funnel at the top of a water return pipe of the first sedimentation container, then a water return valve is opened firstly, and then the third drain valve is opened, so that clean water in the second sedimentation container slowly returns to the second sedimentation container through the water return pipe;
(5) when clear water in the second precipitation container is completely returned to the first precipitation container, the window shade is released again, the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window is covered, the window shade is kept stand for 1 hour, the window shade is rolled up, then the second precipitation container is placed on the short support again, the first drain valve is opened, the initially clarified water in the first precipitation container flows into the filtering bin, residual sediment in the water is adsorbed by activated carbon in the filtering bin to form clear water, the clear water flows into the second precipitation container through the first drain valve, and when the water surface of the first precipitation container is 15 cm away from the partition plate, the first drain valve is closed;
(6) if the water quality in the first precipitation container is observed to be still turbid through the vertical strip-shaped light-transmitting window, returning to the step (4), and repeating the steps until the water quality in the first precipitation container is clarified; if the water quality in the first precipitation container is observed to be clear, the second valve is opened, and high sediment purified water containing living plankton can be obtained;
(7) detecting the high sediment purified water containing living plankton obtained in the step (6).
3. The method for detecting living plankton in high-sediment water according to claim 2, wherein: and (1) selecting fine weather and collecting at noon time.
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| CN109197801A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-15 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | It is a kind of suitable for mountain stream, the acquisition device of the planktonic organism in streams |
| CN113376001B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-08-19 | 国家海洋局北海环境监测中心 | Phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and using method thereof |
| CN113391049B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-26 | 江苏沥环科技有限公司 | Miniature monitoring system for underground water content and water quality |
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