CN109946119B - Shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device - Google Patents
Shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109946119B CN109946119B CN201910348155.7A CN201910348155A CN109946119B CN 109946119 B CN109946119 B CN 109946119B CN 201910348155 A CN201910348155 A CN 201910348155A CN 109946119 B CN109946119 B CN 109946119B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environmental protection, in particular to a shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device which comprises a water pumping device and a sampler, wherein the water pumping device is connected with the sampler through a connecting pipeline, a gate valve, a pressure gauge, a flowmeter and a check valve are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline, the sampler comprises a plurality of sampling units, each sampling unit corresponds to a sampling water layer, a water filtering unit is arranged on each sampling unit, an inner coarse filter screen, a fine filter part and an outer coarse filter piece are sequentially arranged on each water filtering unit from inside to outside, each outer coarse filter piece comprises a first coarse filter screen and a second coarse filter screen, the fine filter part is arranged between the inner coarse filter screen and the first coarse filter screen, and the second coarse filter screen is arranged at the outermost end. The invention can realize direct extraction of the multi-water layer micro-plastic sample, makes up the blank of the micro-plastic sampling technology, and has high sampling precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environmental protection, in particular to a shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device.
Background
Microplastic is a small particulate matter with a particle size of less than 5mm, and is widely distributed in the ocean, lakes and rivers. In the field of marine environmental protection, there is often a need for stratified sampling and identification of microplastic in seawater of different depths. In the prior art, water samples of different water layers (the water sample collection volume of each layer is more than 5 liters) are collected firstly, and then the water samples are filtered and extracted through a pumping device and a filter membrane with small aperture (the aperture is between 30 mu m and 1 mm), and in the aerial survey of large areas and multiple stations, the method can take a great deal of manpower and material resources. If the direct extraction of the multi-water layer micro-plastic sample can be realized, the sampling efficiency can be improved, and the sampling cost can be reduced, but no device or method can realize the functions at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ship-borne micro-plastic layered sampling device which can realize direct extraction of multi-water layer micro-plastic samples, makes up the blank of a micro-plastic sampling technology and has high sampling precision.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a shipborne microplastic layering sampling device, includes pumping device and sample thief, pumping device pass through connecting line with the sample thief links to each other be equipped with gate valve, manometer, flowmeter and check valve on the connecting line, the sample thief includes a plurality of sampling units, and every sampling unit corresponds a sampling water layer, be equipped with the drainage unit on the sampling unit, just the drainage unit is equipped with interior coarse strainer, fine filter part and outer coarse filter part from interior to exterior in proper order, outer coarse filter part includes first coarse strainer and second coarse filter, just fine filter part is located between interior coarse strainer and the first coarse filter, the second coarse filter is located outermost.
The sampler comprises a sampler first section, a sampler last section and a plurality of sampling units, wherein one end of each sampling unit is provided with an external thread section, the other end of each sampling unit is provided with a connecting nut with internal threads, the lower end of the sampler first section is provided with a first section connecting nut in threaded connection with the external thread section on the adjacent sampling unit, the upper end of the sampler last section is provided with a last section external thread section in threaded connection with the connecting nut on the adjacent sampling unit, the external thread section of any sampling unit in the rest sampling units is in threaded connection with the connecting nut of the adjacent sampling unit, and the pumping device is connected with the sampler first section through a connecting pipeline.
The outer side of the external thread section of each sampling unit is provided with a connecting sealing ring, and the outer side of the external thread section of the end section of the sampler is also provided with a connecting sealing ring.
The sampler is characterized in that a suspension chain is arranged on the first section of the sampler, and a traction hammer is arranged on the lower side of the last section of the sampler.
The sampling unit is provided with a water filtering unit mounting port, the water filtering unit is provided with a water filtering unit shell, the water filtering unit shell is mounted in the corresponding water filtering unit mounting port, and the inner coarse filter screen, the fine filter part and the outer coarse filter piece are sequentially arranged in the water filtering unit shell from inside to outside.
The inner coarse filter screen is fixedly arranged at the inner end of the water filtering unit shell, the fine filter part is firstly placed in the water filtering unit shell when being installed, and then the outer coarse filter piece is inserted into the fine filter part through an opening at the outer end of the water filtering unit shell.
The outer end of the water filtering unit shell is provided with a shell flange, and a water filtering sealing ring is arranged between the shell flange and the end face of the corresponding water filtering unit mounting port.
The connecting pipeline comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, one end of the first pipeline is connected with the pumping device, the other end of the first pipeline is connected with the first section of the sampler through the second pipeline, and the first pipeline is provided with a gate valve, a pressure gauge, a flowmeter and a check valve.
The water pumping device and the first pipeline are both arranged on a base, and the second pipeline is a quick-connection hose.
The inner coarse filter screen, the first coarse filter screen and the second coarse filter screen are corrosion-resistant material filter screens with aperture of 1-2 cm, and the fine filter part is a glass fiber filter membrane with aperture of less than 1 mm.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention is provided with a plurality of sampling units corresponding to different water layers, can realize the direct extraction of the micro plastic samples of the water layers, makes up the blank of the micro plastic sampling technology, and does not exist in the prior art for directly and simultaneously extracting the micro plastic samples in the multi-layer seawater.
2. The invention has high sampling precision, visual and controllable filtered water volume, and each sampling unit is provided with a plurality of water filtering units, so that each water layer is ensured to have a plurality of groups of parallel sample comparison, and the sampling precision and the fault tolerance are improved.
3. The invention can produce negative pressure in the sampling unit through the vacuum pump, thereby accelerating the water filtering speed, avoiding the water filtering slowing caused by the blockage of the fine filter membrane, simultaneously sampling a plurality of layers of water at one time, directly extracting the microplastic, and reserving the sample through the fine filter membrane, thereby saving time, space and manpower without collecting and reserving the water sample.
4. The device is safe and simple to install and detach, and after the water filtering unit is simply cleaned and the fine filtering part is replaced after the sampling is finished, the sampling operation can be continuously carried out, and the operation and the maintenance are convenient.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention,
figure 2 is an enlarged view at a in figure 1,
figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the sampling unit of figure 1,
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the sampling unit in fig. 1.
Wherein 1 is the base, 2 is pumping device, 3 is the gate valve, 4 is the manometer, 5 is first support, 6 is the flowmeter, 7 is the check valve, 8 is the second support, 9 is the connecting line, 901 is first pipeline, 902 is the second pipeline, 10 is the suspension chain, 11 is the sampler head section, 12 is the sampling unit, 1201 connect the sealing washer, 1202 external screw thread section, 1203 is the coupling nut, 1204 is the drainage unit mounting mouth, 13 is the drainage unit, 1301 is the drainage unit casing, 1302 is the inner coarse filter screen, 1303 is the first coarse filter screen, 1304 is the fine filter part, 1305 is the drainage sealing washer, 1306 is the second coarse filter screen, 1307 is the outer coarse filter piece, 1308 is the casing flange, 1309 is the inner seam allowance, 14 is the sampler end section, 15 is the drag hammer, 16 is the sampler.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the invention comprises a pumping device 2 and a sampler 16, the pumping device 2 is connected with the sampler 16 through a connecting pipeline 9, a gate valve 3, a pressure gauge 4, a flow meter 6 and a check valve 7 are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline 9, the sampler 16 comprises a plurality of sampling units 12 which are sequentially connected, each sampling unit 12 corresponds to a sampling water layer, a water filtering unit 13 is arranged on each sampling unit 12, as shown in fig. 2, the water filtering unit 13 comprises an inner coarse filter 1302, a fine filter part 1304 and an outer coarse filter part 1307 which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the outer coarse filter part 1307 comprises a first coarse filter net 1303 and a second coarse filter net 1306, the fine filter part 1304 is arranged between the inner coarse filter net 1302 and the first coarse filter net 1303, the second coarse filter net 1306 is arranged at the outermost end, and water flows in from the second coarse filter net 1306 and sequentially flows through the first coarse filter net 1303, the fine filter part 1304 and the inner coarse filter net 1302. In this embodiment, the water pumping device 2 is a vacuum water pump, the inner coarse filter screen 1302, the first coarse filter screen 1303 and the second coarse filter screen 1306 are corrosion-resistant filter screens with apertures of 1-2 cm, and the fine filter portion 1304 is a glass fiber filter membrane with apertures of less than 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the sampler 16 includes a sampler head 11, a sampler tail 14, and a plurality of sampling units 12, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, one end of each sampling unit 12 is provided with an external thread 1202, the other end is provided with a connecting nut 1203 with internal threads, the external thread 1202 of each sampling unit 12 is inserted into the connecting nut 1203 of an adjacent sampling unit 12 to realize the fixation of two sampling units 12, the lower end of the sampler head 11 is provided with a head connecting nut and is in threaded connection with the external thread 1202 on the adjacent sampling unit 12, and the upper end of the sampler tail 14 is provided with a tail external thread which is in threaded connection with the connecting nut 1203 on the adjacent sampling unit 12, thereby forming a complete sampler 16. In order to ensure that the external thread section 1202 is connected and sealed with the connecting nut 1203, a connecting sealing ring 1201 is sleeved outside the external thread section 1202 of each sampling unit 12, and in addition, a connecting sealing ring 1201 is sleeved outside the external thread section of the end section 14 of the sampler. As shown in fig. 1, the pumping device 2 is connected with the first section 11 of the sampler by a connecting pipeline 9, a suspension chain 10 is arranged on the first section 11 of the sampler, the suspension chain 10 is suspended on a hook of a marine crane, a traction hammer 15 is arranged on the lower side of the last section 14 of the sampler, the sampler 16 is placed down to a specified depth in water, and then is kept in a vertical state in the water by the traction hammer 15, and a water filtering unit mounting opening 1204 for mounting a water filtering unit 13 is arranged on each sampling unit 12.
As shown in fig. 2, the water filtering unit 13 includes an inner coarse filter net 1302, a fine filter part 1304, an outer coarse filter member 1307 and a hollow water filtering unit housing 1301, a threaded section is provided on the outer side of the water filtering unit housing 1301 and is in threaded connection with a water filtering unit mounting port 1204 on the corresponding sampling unit 12, the inner coarse filter net 1302 is fixedly arranged on the inner end of the water filtering unit housing 1301, the outer coarse filter member 1307 includes a first coarse filter net 1303, a second coarse filter net 1306 and a connecting frame body, the first coarse filter net 1303 and the second coarse filter net 1306 are connected through the connecting frame body, the connecting frame body is embedded in a hollow hole of the water filtering unit housing 1301, the inner end of the water filtering unit housing 1301 is provided with an inner spigot 1309, the fine filter part 1304 is firstly placed in the water filtering unit housing 1301 and limited by the inner spigot 1309, and then the outer coarse filter member 1307 is inserted into the water filtering unit housing 1301 from an outer end opening of the water filtering unit housing 1301 to press the fine filter part 1304, so that the fine filter part 1302 is fixed between the inner coarse filter net 1301 and the first coarse filter net 1301. A casing flange 1308 is arranged at the outer end of the water filtering unit casing 1301, a water filtering sealing ring 1305 is sleeved at the outer side of the water filtering unit casing 1301 for ensuring sealing, and the water filtering sealing ring 1305 is arranged between the casing flange 1308 and the end face of the water filtering unit mounting port 1204 on the sampling unit 12. During sampling, the sampler 16 is put into water and the required water quantity is pumped by the water pumping device 2, then the sampler 16 is recovered to the deck, the outer coarse filter element 1307 and the fine filter element 1304 are sequentially taken out, then the inner coarse filter element 1302 and the outer coarse filter element 1307 are washed and cleaned, the removed fine filter element 1304 is stored in a corresponding metal sample container, and the filtered matter on the removed fine filter element 1304 is the sample.
In this embodiment, four water filtering units 13 are uniformly distributed in the middle of the sampling unit 12 along the circumferential direction.
As shown in fig. 1, the pumping device 2 is mounted on a base 1, the base 1 may be placed on a ship body, the connecting pipeline 9 includes a first pipeline 901 and a second pipeline 902, the base 1 is provided with a first bracket 5 and a second bracket 8 for supporting the first pipeline 901, the first pipeline 901 is provided with a gate valve 3, a pressure gauge 4, a flow meter 6 and a check valve 7, the gate valve 3 and the pressure gauge 4 are disposed between the pumping device 2 and the first bracket 5, the flow meter 6 and the check valve 7 are disposed between the first bracket 5 and the second bracket 8, a free end of the first pipeline 901 is connected with a sampler first section 11 of the sampler 16 through the second pipeline 902, and the second pipeline 902 is a quick-connection hose.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention is convenient to assemble, firstly, the sampler 16 is assembled, the first section 11 of the sampler, a plurality of sampling units 12 and the last section 14 of the sampler are connected end to end in sequence, the number of the sampling units 12 is adjusted according to the requirement of a sampling water layer, so that each sampling unit 12 corresponds to one sampling water layer, then the water filtering unit 13 is assembled, firstly, the fine filtering part 1304 is placed into the water filtering unit housing 1301, then the outer coarse filtering part 1307 is inserted into the water filtering unit housing 1301 to press the fine filtering part 1304, the fine filtering part 1304 is fixed between the inner coarse filtering net 1302 and the first coarse filtering net 1303 of the outer coarse filtering part 1307, then the water filtering unit housing 1301 is fixed on the water filtering unit mounting port 1204 corresponding to each sampling unit 12 through threaded connection, the gate valve 3, the pressure gauge 4, the flow meter 6 and the check valve 7 are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a first pipeline 901, the first pipeline 901 is fixed on two supports of the base 1, one end of the first pipeline 901 is connected with the water pumping device 2, and the other end of the first pipeline 901 is connected with the first pipeline 11 through a second pipeline 902, and the second pipeline 902 is connected with the second pipeline 902 through a fast hose 902.
When the sampler is used, the suspension chain 10 on the first section 11 of the sampler is suspended on the hook of the marine crane, then the sampler 16 is vertically lowered to a designated depth by the marine crane, the length of the quick-connection hose serving as the second pipeline 902 is enough to meet the requirement of sampling submergence depth, and the sampler 16 is kept in a vertical state in a water body under the action of the traction hammer 15. The check valve 7, the gate valve 3 and the water pumping device 2 are sequentially opened during sampling, the flowmeter 6 is observed, after the water pumping device 2 extracts the required water quantity, the water pumping device 2, the gate valve 3 and the check valve 7 are sequentially closed, the sampler 16 is recovered to a deck through a ship crane, the outer coarse filter 1307 and the fine filter 1304 are sequentially taken out, the inner coarse filter 1302 and the outer coarse filter 1307 are washed and cleaned, the glass fiber filter serving as the fine filter 1304 is stored in a metal sample container, the glass fiber filter serving as the fine filter 1304 is replaced, the filter on the removed fine filter 1304 is the sample, the filtered samples of the fine filters 1304 of different water layers are respectively stored according to the step, the samples are placed in corresponding sample containers, and then the processes are repeated to perform micro plastic sample collection work of the next place.
The water filtering capacity=total water filtering capacity/number of water filtering units 13 of each layer should be considered, and part of the water filtering capacity should be remained in the sampler 16, so that the actual water filtering capacity is higher than the value of the flowmeter 6, in addition, in the use process of the invention, the weight of the traction hammer 15 needs to be adjusted according to the number and buoyancy of the sampling units 12, so that the sampler 16 is kept in a vertical state in the water body, and the accuracy of the water intake depth is ensured.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a on-board microplastic layering sampling device which characterized in that: the water pumping device comprises a water pumping device (2) and a sampler (16), wherein the water pumping device (2) is connected with the sampler (16) through a connecting pipeline (9), a gate valve (3), a pressure gauge (4), a flowmeter (6) and a check valve (7) are arranged on the connecting pipeline (9), the sampler (16) comprises a plurality of sampling units (12), each sampling unit (12) corresponds to one sampling water layer, a water filtering unit (13) is arranged on each sampling unit (12), the water filtering units (13) are sequentially provided with an inner coarse filter screen (1302), a fine filter part (1304) and an outer coarse filter piece (1307) from inside to outside, the outer coarse filter piece (1307) comprises a first coarse filter screen (1303) and a second coarse filter screen (1306), the fine filter part (1304) is arranged between the inner coarse filter screen (1302) and the first coarse filter screen (1303), and the second coarse filter screen (1306) is arranged at the outermost end;
the sampler (16) comprises a sampler head section (11), a sampler tail section (14) and a plurality of sampling units (12), wherein one end of each sampling unit (12) is provided with an external thread section (1202), the other end of each sampling unit is provided with a connecting screw cap (1203) with internal threads, the lower end of each sampler head section (11) is provided with a head section connecting screw cap which is in threaded connection with the external thread section (1202) on the adjacent sampling unit (12), the upper end of each sampler tail section (14) is provided with a tail section external thread section which is in threaded connection with the connecting screw cap (1203) on the adjacent sampling unit (12), the external thread section (1202) of any sampling unit (12) in the other sampling units (12) is in threaded connection with the connecting screw cap (1203) of the adjacent sampling unit (12), and the water pumping device (2) is connected with the sampler head section (11) through a connecting pipeline (9);
the sampling unit (12) is provided with a water filtering unit mounting port (1204), the water filtering unit (13) is provided with a water filtering unit shell (1301), the water filtering unit shell (1301) is mounted in the corresponding water filtering unit mounting port (1204), and the inner coarse filter screen (1302), the fine filter part (1304) and the outer coarse filter piece (1307) are sequentially arranged in the water filtering unit shell (1301) from inside to outside;
the inner coarse filter screen (1302) is fixedly arranged at the inner end of the water filtering unit shell (1301), the fine filter part (1304) is firstly placed in the water filtering unit shell (1301) when being installed, and then the outer coarse filter piece (1307) is inserted into the fine filter part (1304) from the opening at the outer end of the water filtering unit shell (1301);
when in assembly, the number of the sampling units (12) is adjusted according to the requirement of a sampling water layer, so that each sampling unit (12) corresponds to one sampling water layer, and then the water filtering units (13) are assembled;
during sampling, the check valve (7), the gate valve (3) and the water pumping device (2) are sequentially opened, the flowmeter (6) is observed, after the water pumping device (2) pumps the required water, the water pumping device (2), the gate valve (3) and the check valve (7) are sequentially closed, the sampler (16) is recovered to the deck, the outer coarse filter (1307) and the fine filter part (1304) are sequentially taken out, and the fine filter part (1304) is stored in the metal sample container.
2. The shipborne microplastic layered sampling device of claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the external thread section (1202) of each sampling unit (12) is provided with a connecting sealing ring (1201), and in addition, the outer side of the external thread section of the tail section (14) of the sampler is also provided with a connecting sealing ring (1201).
3. The shipborne microplastic layered sampling device of claim 1, wherein: the sampler is characterized in that a suspension chain (10) is arranged on the first section (11) of the sampler, and a traction hammer (15) is arranged on the lower side of the last section (14) of the sampler.
4. The shipborne microplastic layered sampling device of claim 1, wherein: the outer end of the water filtering unit shell (1301) is provided with a shell flange (1308), and a water filtering sealing ring (1305) is arranged between the shell flange (1308) and the end face of the corresponding water filtering unit mounting opening (1204).
5. The shipborne microplastic layered sampling device of claim 1, wherein: the connecting pipeline (9) comprises a first pipeline (901) and a second pipeline (902), one end of the first pipeline (901) is connected with the water pumping device (2), the other end of the first pipeline (901) is connected with the first section (11) of the sampler through the second pipeline (902), and the first pipeline (901) is provided with a gate valve (3), a pressure gauge (4), a flowmeter (6) and a check valve (7).
6. The shipborne microplastic layered sampling device of claim 5, wherein: the water pumping device (2) and the first pipeline (901) are both arranged on a base (1), and the second pipeline (902) is a quick-connection hose.
7. The shipborne microplastic layered sampling device of claim 1, wherein: the inner coarse filter screen (1302), the first coarse filter screen (1303) and the second coarse filter screen (1306) are corrosion-resistant material filter screens with aperture of 1-2 cm, and the fine filter part (1304) is a glass fiber filter membrane with aperture of less than 1 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910348155.7A CN109946119B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910348155.7A CN109946119B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109946119A CN109946119A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN109946119B true CN109946119B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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