CN108344600A - More micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body - Google Patents
More micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN108344600A CN108344600A CN201810231251.9A CN201810231251A CN108344600A CN 108344600 A CN108344600 A CN 108344600A CN 201810231251 A CN201810231251 A CN 201810231251A CN 108344600 A CN108344600 A CN 108344600A
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011868 grain product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
- G01N2001/1418—Depression, aspiration
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
More micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body of present invention offer, including：Float, sinker, vertical section connecting rope, the float is mounted on vertical section connecting rope upper end, sinker is mounted on the lower end of vertical section connecting rope, several micro- plastic sample collectors are evenly distributed in vertical section connecting rope, micro- plastic sample collector include active collector, the micro- plastic sample collector of passive collector by collector fixing piece be mounted on vertical section connecting rope on, the vertical section connecting rope upper end is equipped with to pull and restrict, it pulls the rope other end to be mounted on dragging ship, pulls rope and ensure that vertical section connecting rope keeps plumbness in sampling.The present invention can be improved collecting efficiency, shortened acquisition time in sampling with micro- plastic sample of synchronous acquisition different depth and different-grain diameter, different-grain diameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental pollution monitoring equipment technical field, more micro- modelings of grain size in specially a kind of different depth water body
Expect sample synchronous.
Background technology
Micro- plastics (Microplastics) refer to the plastic particles that diameter is not more than 5mm, it has also become international extensive concern
One of hot issue.2014, it is urgently to be resolved hurrily that micro- plastic pollution is included in the whole world by first united nations environment conference (UNEP1) for the first time
One of ten overall situation problems.2015, the micro- plastics in ocean were included in environment and the second largest section of ecological science research field by UNEP2
Knowledge is inscribed, and become side by side with Global climate change, ozone depletion and Ocean acidification global scientist pay close attention to jointly it is great complete
Ball environmental problem.
Micro- plastics in water body are mainly derived from the mankind and use causes micro- plastics to enter environment containing micro- plastic grain product
With bulk plastic garbage decomposition or be broken into molecule and enter environment.Wherein, the plastic microbead added in personal care articles
(Microbeads) be exactly the micro- plastics of water body one of environment direct sources.Some personal cleaning articles for example bath oil, facial cleanser,
In toothpaste and some cosmetics such as eye shadow, mascara, moisturiser personal care articles, artificially added with poly- second in production process
Plastic microbead based on alkene and polypropylene material.After individual washes one's face and rinses one's mouth, plastic microbead enters sewage plant by sewer in waste water.By
It is small in plastic microbead, density is light, quantity is more, be difficult that effectively remove these plastics micro- with current sewage plant conventional treatment process
Pearl, and most plastic microbeads can enter natural water, it is final to import ocean and exist for a long time, and then by food chain to light
Water and marine ecosystems even health cause potential hazard.Bulk plastic rubbish also will produce largely in degradation process
Plastic particles, these plastic particles are entered in rivers,lakes and seas waters by rubbish, soil and surface water cycle approach, are caused micro-
Plastic pollution.
Due to said circumstances, need to study micro- plastics form, the concentration etc. in water body, it is necessary to which we are according to need
It wants, acquires micro- plastic sample in water body, and detect the content of micro- plastics, be the ecological environmental protection of water body and micro- plastic pollution
It administers and detection data is provided.Since the detection of micro- plastic grain pollution is started late, also lacked on collecting device and acquisition method
Accuracy and science.Collecting device is also more original and falls behind, for example micro- plastic grain acquisition in water body is one
The problem of being worth improving.
Micro- plastic sample acquisition is usually to be realized using a kind of simple mesh bag in water body at present, and this mesh bag needs certain
Aperture, network interface is aligned in water (flow) direction, micro- plastics is trapped on mesh bag using flow, or pass through dragging using towboat
Mesh bag collects sample, for acquiring micro- plastic grain in enrichment water, is counted according to the flow velocity of micro- plastic grain of acquisition and water
Calculate the content of micro- plastics in water body.But this mesh bag is all the single mesh bag of constant aperture, as planktonic organism flutters acquisition means,
Whole particle matters that grain size is more than mesh bag aperture can only be acquired, particle matter cannot carry out to sizing screening, thus also just not
The content of micro- plastic grain of different-grain diameter in water outlet can timely be detected.Also it is unfavorable for carrying out micro-plastic pollution in water body degree
Scientific evaluation.Meanwhile cannot show multilevel hierarchy synchronous acquisition when acquiring sample, cause water body sampling uneven, so as to cause
Resultant error.
Invention content
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide more micro- plastic samples of grain size in a kind of different depth water body and synchronizes
Acquisition system, to solve the problems in above-mentioned background technology.
Technical problem solved by the invention is realized using following technical scheme：More grain sizes in a kind of different depth water body
Micro- plastic sample synchronous, including：Float, sinker, vertical section connecting rope, the float connect mounted on vertical section
Splicing upper end, sinker are mounted on the lower end of vertical section connecting rope, and several micro- plastics are evenly distributed in vertical section connecting rope
Sample collector, micro- plastic sample collector include that active collector, the micro- plastic sample collector of passive collector pass through acquisition
Device fixing piece is mounted in vertical section connecting rope, and the vertical section connecting rope upper end is equipped with to pull and restrict, and pulls the rope other end
Mounted on pulling on ship, pulls rope and ensure that vertical section connecting rope keeps plumbness in sampling.
The active collector includes sampling tubular type collector, sampling vial-type collector, and the passive collector includes continuous
Direct type collector, nested collector, strainer fixed Combination type collector.
The sampling tubular type collector include one end sampling pipe being inserted into water, " inverted U " that be connected to sampling pipe manage and
The multistage filter net device of " inverted U " pipe connection, the flowmeter being connected to multistage filter net device and the water pump being connected to flowmeter；Institute
It states multistage filter net device to be vertically arranged, upper end connects " inverted U " pipe；The multistage filter net device includes at least two-stage strainer, often
The first filter includes vertical bucket wall, and the lower end of vertical bucket wall is provided with strainer bucket bottom；The upper level vertical bucket wall lower end is under
The removable seal connection of level-one vertical bucket wall upper end；The aperture of filter screen at the upper level strainer bucket bottom is more than the strainer bucket of next stage
The aperture of filter screen at bottom, sampling pipe are mounted on by collector fixing piece in vertical section connecting rope, then by extending water pipe peace
Mounted in pulling on ship, extends water pipe and ensure that vertical section connecting rope keeps plumbness, exhaust-valve and water pump installation in sampling
On pulling ship.
It is described sampling vial-type collector include be arranged from top to bottom enter material cup, multistage filtering separator, receiving bottle and
Suction pump, it is described enter material cup lower end at connect with multistage filtering separator upper end removable seal；Multistage filtering separator
Lower end is connect with bottleneck removable seal is received；Suction tube is arranged in the receiving bottle, and suction pump is connect with suction tube；The multistage
Strainer separator includes at least two-stage filter net device, includes vertical bucket wall per level-one filter net device, the lower end of vertical bucket wall is set
It is equipped with strainer bucket bottom；The upper level vertical bucket wall lower end is connect with next stage vertical bucket wall upper end removable seal；On described
The aperture of filter screen at the first filter bucket bottom is more than the aperture of filter screen at the strainer bucket bottom of next stage, and receiving bottle is pacified by collector fixing piece
It in vertical section connecting rope, is then mounted on and is pulled on ship by suction tube, suction tube ensures that vertical section connecting rope exists
Plumbness is kept when sampling.
The continued access type collector includes at least micro- plastics harvester of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order and the second level；Institute
It is mesh bag type structure, including mesh bag ontology, mesh bag to state the micro- plastics harvester of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order and the second level
Network interface is arranged in ontology one end, and net bottom is arranged in the other end；Network interface is open state, and net bottom is filter screen, the corresponding micro- plastic pellet of setting
The filtering hole of the big small-bore of diameter；The network interface of the micro- plastics harvester in the second level and the net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order it
Between detachable airtight connection；The filter hole lyriform pore diameter of the net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester in the second level is less than the micro- plastics of the first order
Particle enrichment release device is arranged in the filter hole lyriform pore diameter of the net bottom of harvester, the net bottom, and the continued access type collector is also
Including the third level to N grades of micro- plastics harvesters, the network interface of the micro- plastics harvester of the third level detachably closed continued access to
The net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester of two level；Thereafter the fourth stage is to N grades of micro- plastics harvester network interfaces successively continued access to upper one
The net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester of grade, the aperture of the net bottom filtering hole of the first order to N grade micro- plastics harvesters according to
Secondary reduction, the splicing structure between the adjacent micro- plastics harvester of two-stage be is threadedly coupled, is connected together, plug lock or
One of person's nylon adherent buckle connection and combination.
The nested collector includes first order mesh bag ontology I, and second level mesh bag is equipped on the outside of first order mesh bag ontology I
Third level mesh bag ontology I is equipped on the outside of ontology I, second level mesh bag ontology I, the front ends first order mesh bag ontology I are equipped with first order net
Mouthful support ring I, the second level front ends mesh bag ontology I are equipped with second level network interface support ring I, and the front ends third level mesh bag ontology I are equipped with the
Three-level network interface support ring I, first order network interface support ring I, second level network interface support ring I, the front ends third level network interface support ring I are equipped with
Grid I, first order mesh bag ontology I, second level mesh bag ontology I, third level mesh bag ontology I tail ends are equipped with micro- plastics enrichment release dress
It sets.
The strainer fixed Combination type collector includes body II, and the front ends the body II are equipped with network interface support ring II, net
Mouth support ring II is equipped with the rear ends grid II, the body II and is equipped with multistage filter net device, and the multistage filter net device passes through net
Interface arrangement is mounted on body II behind, and every layer of strainer tail end of multistage filter net device is equipped with enrichment release device.
The multistage filter net device includes three-level strainer, and wherein first order strainer is filtered by the vertical bucket wall of the first order and the first order
Net bucket bottom is constituted；Second level strainer is made of the vertical bucket wall in the second level and second level strainer bucket bottom；Third level strainer is by vertical bucket
Wall and third level strainer bucket bottom are constituted, and wherein the lower end of the vertical bucket wall of the first order is connect with the threaded upper ends of the vertical bucket wall in the second level
Form be tightly connected；The lower end of the vertical bucket wall in the second level is sealed with the form that the upper end of the vertical bucket wall of the third level is threadedly coupled
Connection.
Micro- plastics enrichment release device includes tube body, and tube body rear end is equipped with thread plug, and tube body front end is connected to filter
Net connection end opening, enrichment region is formed between strainer connection end opening and tube body.
Compared with public technology, there are following advantages by the present invention：The present invention, can be different deep with synchronous acquisition in sampling
Micro- plastic sample of degree and different-grain diameter, improves collecting efficiency, shortens acquisition time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sampling tubular type collector structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the multistage filter net device cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of the sampling tubular type collector four-way valve of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the sampling vial-type collector cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the continued access type collector cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is partial enlargement structural representation in Fig. 6
Fig. 8 is that micro- plastics of the present invention are enriched with release device structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the nested collector structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the strainer fixed Combination type collector structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1, float；2, sinker；3, vertical section connecting rope；4, micro- plastic sample collector；5, collector is fixed
Part；6, the water surface；7, rope is pulled；8, ship is pulled；
411, " inverted U " is managed；412, water pipe is bypassed；413, multistage filter net device；414, threeway；415, flowmeter；416、
Sampling pipe；417, coarse filtration grid；418, mass；419, four-way valve；4110, exhaust-valve；4111, water pump；
301, filter net device upper end；302, the vertical bucket wall of the first order；303, first order strainer bucket bottom；304, the second level is vertical
Bucket wall；305, second level strainer bucket bottom；306, the vertical bucket wall of the third level；307, third level strainer bucket bottom；308, multistage strainer dress
Set lower end；
901, four-way valve first end；902, four-way valve second end；903, four-way valve third end；904, the 4th end of four-way valve；
905, valve body；
421, dustproof cover；422, enter material cup；423, multistage strainer separator；424, vertical bucket wall；425, attachment device；
426, strainer bucket bottom；427, suction tube；428, receiving bottle；
431, grid；432, first order mesh bag ontology；433, first order net bottom；434, first order connector；435, second
Grade mesh bag ontology；436, second level net bottom；437, second level connector；438, third level mesh bag ontology；439, third level net bottom；
4310, third level connector；4311, fourth stage mesh bag ontology；4312, fourth stage net bottom；4313, external thread structure；4314, close
Seal；4315, it is threadedly coupled；4316, internal thread structure；4317, it is enriched with release device；
171, strainer connects end opening；172, tube body；173, thread plug；174, enrichment region；
441, grid I；442, first order network interface support ring I；443, second level network interface support ring I；444, third level network interface
Support ring I；445, first order mesh bag ontology I；446, second level mesh bag ontology I；447, third level mesh bag ontology I；
451, grid II；452, network interface support ring II；453, body II；454, interface arrangement after body.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make technological means, creation characteristic, workflow, application method reached purpose and effect of the present invention be easy to bright
White to understand, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body, including：Float 1,
Sinker 2, vertical section connecting rope 3, the float 1 is mounted on vertical 3 upper end of section connecting rope, sinker 2 is mounted on vertical section
The lower end of connecting rope 3 is evenly distributed with several micro- plastic sample collectors 4, micro- plastic sample acquisition in vertical section connecting rope 3
Device 4 is mounted on vertical section including active collector, the micro- plastic sample collector 4 of passive collector by collector fixing piece 5
In connecting rope 3, vertical 3 upper end of section connecting rope, which is equipped with, pulls rope 7, and dragging 7 other ends of rope, which are mounted on, to be pulled on ship 8, is dragged
It drags rope 7 and ensures that vertical section connecting rope 3 keeps plumbness in sampling.
The active collector includes sampling tubular type collector, sampling vial-type collector, and the passive collector includes continuous
Direct type collector, nested collector, strainer fixed Combination type collector.
As in Figure 2-4, the sampling tubular type collector includes sampling pipe 416, and sampling pipe 416 is vertically arranged, and is extended
To the water surface hereinafter, in order to draw water from underwater certain position.The upper end of sampling pipe 416 connects " inverted U " pipe 411, " inverted U "
One four-way valve 419 with blow valve 4110 of lower end connection of pipe 411, first end 901 and " inverted U " pipe 411 of four-way valve 9 connect
It connects, second end 902 is connected to multistage filter net device 413, and third end 903 is connect with exhaust-valve 4110, exhaust-valve 4110 and air
Connection, the 4th end 904 are connect with bypass water pipe 412, and above-mentioned connection type can combine the port of selection connection as needed.
The lower end of multistage filter net device 413 is one and does not have valvular threeway 414, which is connected to multistage filter net device
413, one end is connected to flowmeter 415, and connection bypass water pipe 412 in third end is further communicated to four-way valve 419.
Sampling pipe 416 is mounted on by collector fixing piece 5 in vertical section connecting rope 3 when use, then passes through extension
Water pipe, which is mounted on, to be pulled on ship 8, is extended water pipe and is ensured that vertical section connecting rope 3 keeps plumbness, exhaust-valve in sampling
4110 and water pump 4111 be mounted on and pull on ship 8, not only save dragging rope 7 in this way, and can ensure the connection of vertical section
Rope 3 keeps plumbness in sampling, while can increase analytical equipment on pulling ship 8 with dividing analytical sampling water body.
Turning right angle channel valve body 905 can be only set when being specifically chosen communications ports, so that it may realize that connection is two neighboring
The mode of port.First selection is to be connected to inverted U pipe 411 and bypass water pipe 412, i.e. first end 901 and the 4th end 904, this
When be in waste discharge water state；Second selection is connection inverted U pipe 411 and multistage filter net device 413, i.e. first end 901 and the
Two ends 902, are now in sample states；Third selection is the multistage filter net device 413 of connection and exhaust-valve 4110, that is, is connected to the
Two ends 902 and third port 903 are now in emptying Multistage filtering device state.Above-mentioned conversion passes through rotary valve 905
It realizes.The upper end 301 of multistage strainer separator 413 is connect by pipeline with four-way valve 419, and multistage filter net device 413 includes
Three-level strainer, wherein first order strainer are made of the vertical bucket wall 302 of the first order and first order strainer bucket bottom 303；Second level strainer
It is made of the vertical bucket wall 304 in the second level and second level strainer bucket bottom 305；Third level strainer is filtered by vertical bucket wall 306 and the third level
Net bucket bottom 307 is constituted, what the threaded upper ends of the vertical bucket wall in the lower end with the second level of the wherein vertical bucket wall of the first order 302 304 were connect
Form is tightly connected；The form that the upper end of the vertical bucket wall of the lower end of the vertical bucket wall in the second level 304 and the third level 306 is threadedly coupled
It is tightly connected, the upper and lower ends of multistage filter net device 413 are tightly connected by pipeline and four-way valve 419 and threeway 414 respectively.It is more
The upper end of the vertical bucket wall of the grade filter net device 413 upper end 301 namely first order 302 is also provided with internal thread, which can be with
Isometrical water pipe connection, isometrical water pipe are connected through a screw thread with four-way valve 419 again.The lower end 308 of multistage filter net device 413 simultaneously
It is connect with isometrical water pipe by screw thread, isometrical water pipe reconnects threeway 4, and threeway 414 connects flowmeter 415.
As shown in figure 5, the sampling vial-type collector be mainly provided with set gradually from top to bottom enter material cup 422, more
Grade strainer separator 423 and receiving bottle 428.Be provided with one it is tubaeform enter material cup 422, the upper end for entering material cup 422 is big
Open state, the water sample for micro- plastic grain to be separated containing mixing grain size to be added into cup.Dust in order to prevent
Interference also enters opening one dustproof cover 421 of setting of material cup 422 at this, and dustproof cover 421 is equipped with water inlet pipe, for introducing clear water.It is more
The upper end of grade strainer separator 423 is attached with 422 lower end of material cup is entered by bayonet and fixture block structure, is set at joint face
Sealing ring is set, is tightly connected with realizing.
Receiving bottle 428 is mounted on by collector fixing piece 5 in vertical section connecting rope 3 when use, then passes through suction
Pipe 427, which is mounted on, to be pulled on ship 8, and suction tube 427 ensures that vertical section connecting rope 3 keeps plumbness in sampling, so not
Dragging rope 7 is only saved, and can ensure that vertical section connecting rope 3 keeps plumbness in sampling, while can dragged
It drags increase analytical equipment on ship 8 and divides analytical sampling water body together.
As shown in figs 6-8, the continued access type collector includes the micro- plastics harvester of the first order, the micro- plastics acquisition of the first order
Device includes first order mesh bag ontology 432, the tail end setting first order net bottom 433 of the first order mesh bag ontology 432, and therein the
Level-one net bottom 433 is the filter screen with hole, and the pore-size of first order mesh bag ontology 432 is at least not more than afterbody
It is exactly the aperture size of the filter screen of the 4th net bottom 4312 of the present embodiment.
In the rear end setting first order connector 434 of the first order net bottom 433 of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order, this first
Connector 434 connects the network interface end of the micro- plastics harvester of tail end and the second level of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order.Adjacent two
It is realized and is connected by connector between the micro- plastics harvester of grade, using thread connecting mode in the present embodiment.I.e.
The external thread structure 4313 of the micro- plastics harvester tail end setting hard material of level-one, in the net of the micro- plastics harvester in the second level
The internal thread structure 4316 of hard material is set at mouthful, and external thread structure 4313 and internal thread structure 4316 are connected through a screw thread
4315 carry out it is firm be detachably connected, to avoid the leakage of micro- plastics from losing, ensure connection seal, in threaded connection place
Sealing ring 4314 is set.The micro- plastics harvester in the second level and first micro- plastics harvester structure are essentially identical, different
It is that the filter screen aperture of the net bottom 436 of the micro- plastics harvester in the second level is less than the net bottom 433 of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order
Aperture, for example be 1 millimeter, it is therefore an objective to micro- plastics of smaller that retention does not retain from upper level first order net bottom 433, while the
The pore-size of two level mesh bag ontology 435 must also be not more than the aperture size of fourth stage net bottom 4312, avoid the micro- modeling in the second level
Expect micro- loss of plastic in harvester.
Similarly, the atomic plastics harvester of setting third and the micro- plastics harvester of the fourth stage, are respectively arranged with the third level
Mesh bag ontology 438, third level net bottom 439 and fourth stage mesh bag ontology 4311 and fourth stage net bottom 4312.The wherein micro- modeling of the third level
The network interface end of material harvester passes through second level connector 437 and the micro- plastics harvester airtight connection in the second level；The fourth stage is micro-
Plastics harvester network interface is connect by third level connector 4310 with the micro- plastics harvester of the third level.The micro- plastics of the third level are adopted
439 aperture of third level net bottom of acquisition means be less than the micro- plastics harvester in the second level second level net bottom 436 aperture, such as
0.5 millimeter, the aperture of the fourth stage net bottom 4312 of the micro- plastics harvester of the fourth stage is less than the micro- plastics harvester of the third level
The aperture of third level net bottom 439, such as 0.1 millimeter.The aperture size of filtering hole is set to successively decrease successively in a word.In the fourth stage
The tail end of micro- plastics harvester can also connect the 5th to N grades micro- plastics harvesters.Net bottom aperture per level-one will
Less than the net bottom aperture of upper level.The pore-size of the mesh bag ontology per the micro- plastics harvester of level-one cannot all be more than most simultaneously
The aperture size of rear stage net bottom.It is above-mentioned it is at different levels between connector position be hard material, external thread structure could be formed
4313 and internal thread structure 4316, it also only uses hard material as connector material, could realize between network interface and net bottom
Opening connection status.Holding opening in flow can be just maintained at by being also required to one hard material circle of setting at first order network interface simultaneously
State.
In the one enrichment release device 4317 of central part setting of net bottom filter screen, which such as may be used
To be a tube body 172 being connect with net bottom strainer, end opening 171 is connected in the strainer, the other end is a thread plug 173, pipe
Oral area position forms enrichment region 174.When collecting since net bottom strainer can be arranged to soft material, in flow in natural net bottom
Centre can tilt backwards, and play the role of enrichment, and micro- plastics are easily collected on this and are enriched in enrichment region 174, and unscrewing silk plug 173 is just
Release can be facilitated to collect.Certainly, enrichment release device can also be other structures, such as valve mechanism.
As shown in figure 9, the nested collector includes first order mesh bag ontology I445, outside first order mesh bag ontology I445
Side is equipped with second level mesh bag ontology I446, and third level mesh bag ontology I447, the first order are equipped on the outside of the mesh bag ontology I446 of the second level
The front ends mesh bag ontology I445 are equipped with first order network interface support ring I442, and the second level front ends mesh bag ontology I446 are equipped with second level network interface
The front end support ring I443, third level mesh bag ontology I447 is equipped with third level network interface support ring I444, first order network interface support ring
I442, second level network interface support ring I443, the front ends third level network interface support ring I444 are equipped with grid I441, first order mesh bag ontology
I445, second level mesh bag ontology I446, third level mesh bag ontology I447 tail ends are equipped with enrichment release device.
As shown in Figure 10, the strainer fixed Combination type collector includes body II453, and the front ends the body II453 are set
There are network interface support ring II452, network interface support ring II452 to be equipped with the rear ends grid II451, the body II453 and is equipped with multistage filter
Net device, the multistage filter net device are mounted on by interface arrangement after body 454 on body II453, and multistage filter net device is every
Layer strainer tail end is equipped with enrichment release device.
According to different sampling depths and sampling grain size demand when sampling, different micro- plastic sample collectors is fixed on vertical
To the different location of sampling section rope, micro- plastic sample in different depth and different-grain diameter water body is acquired.It as needed, can be
The installation of the different locations such as the centre of float, sinker and sampling rope pulls rope, and adjustment pulls angle and pulls the length of rope, makes vertical
Sampling section keeps vertical substantially.Various dragging ropes and vertical section connecting rope in this sampling plan can select as needed but
It is not limited to neutral buoyancy rope, reduces influence of the water body buoyancy to sampling.The vertical sampling that float and sinker in this programme are constituted
Section needs to need to configure the size of float and sinker according to sampling, it is ensured that the stabilization of vertical sampling section.
The basic principles and main features and advantages of the present invention of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed range of the present invention by appended claims and
Its equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body, including：Float, sinker, vertical section
Connecting rope, it is characterised in that：The float is mounted on vertical section connecting rope upper end, sinker is mounted on vertical section connecting rope
Lower end, several micro- plastic sample collectors are evenly distributed in vertical section connecting rope, and micro- plastic sample collector includes actively
The micro- plastic sample collector of collector, passive collector is mounted on by collector fixing piece in vertical section connecting rope, described
Vertical section connecting rope upper end, which is equipped with, pulls rope, and the dragging rope other end, which is mounted on, to be pulled on ship, and dragging, which is restricted, ensures that vertical section connects
Splicing keeps plumbness in sampling.
2. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 1, special
Sign is：The active collector includes sampling tubular type collector, sampling vial-type collector, and the passive collector includes continued access
Type collector, nested collector, strainer fixed Combination type collector.
3. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 2, special
Sign is：The sampling tubular type collector include one end sampling pipe being inserted into water, " inverted U " that be connected to sampling pipe manage and
The multistage filter net device of " inverted U " pipe connection, the flowmeter being connected to multistage filter net device and the water pump being connected to flowmeter；Institute
It states multistage filter net device to be vertically arranged, upper end connects " inverted U " pipe；The multistage filter net device includes at least two-stage strainer, often
The first filter includes vertical bucket wall, and the lower end of vertical bucket wall is provided with strainer bucket bottom；The upper level vertical bucket wall lower end is under
The removable seal connection of level-one vertical bucket wall upper end；The aperture of filter screen at the upper level strainer bucket bottom is more than the strainer bucket of next stage
The aperture of filter screen at bottom, sampling pipe are mounted on by collector fixing piece in vertical section connecting rope, then by extending water pipe peace
Mounted in pulling on ship, extends water pipe and ensure that vertical section connecting rope keeps plumbness, exhaust-valve and water pump installation in sampling
On pulling ship.
4. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 2, special
Sign is：It is described sampling vial-type collector include be arranged from top to bottom enter material cup, multistage filtering separator, receiving bottle and pumping
Sucking pump, it is described enter material cup lower end at connect with multistage filtering separator upper end removable seal；Under multistage filtering separator
End is connect with bottleneck removable seal is received；Suction tube is arranged in the receiving bottle, and suction pump is connect with suction tube；The multistage filter
Net separator includes that at least two-stage filter net device, every level-one filter net device includes vertical bucket wall, the lower end setting of vertical bucket wall
There is strainer bucket bottom；The upper level vertical bucket wall lower end is connect with next stage vertical bucket wall upper end removable seal；Described upper one
The aperture of filter screen at grade strainer bucket bottom is more than the aperture of filter screen at the strainer bucket bottom of next stage, and receiving bottle is installed by collector fixing piece
It in vertical section connecting rope, is then mounted on and is pulled on ship by suction tube, suction tube ensures that vertical section connecting rope is being adopted
Plumbness is kept when sample.
5. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 2, special
Sign is：The continued access type collector includes at least micro- plastics harvester of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order and the second level；Institute
It is mesh bag type structure, including mesh bag ontology, mesh bag to state the micro- plastics harvester of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order and the second level
Network interface is arranged in ontology one end, and net bottom is arranged in the other end；Network interface is open state, and net bottom is filter screen, the corresponding micro- plastic pellet of setting
The filtering hole of the big small-bore of diameter；The network interface of the micro- plastics harvester in the second level and the net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester of the first order it
Between detachable airtight connection；The filter hole lyriform pore diameter of the net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester in the second level is less than the micro- plastics of the first order
Particle enrichment release device is arranged in the filter hole lyriform pore diameter of the net bottom of harvester, the net bottom, and the continued access type collector is also
Including the third level to N grades of micro- plastics harvesters, the network interface of the micro- plastics harvester of the third level detachably closed continued access to
The net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester of two level；Thereafter the fourth stage is to N grades of micro- plastics harvester network interfaces successively continued access to upper one
The net bottom of the micro- plastics harvester of grade, the aperture of the net bottom filtering hole of the first order to N grade micro- plastics harvesters according to
Secondary reduction, the splicing structure between the adjacent micro- plastics harvester of two-stage be is threadedly coupled, is connected together, plug lock or
One of person's nylon adherent buckle connection and combination.
6. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 2, special
Sign is：The nested collector includes first order mesh bag ontology I, and second level mesh bag is equipped on the outside of first order mesh bag ontology I
Third level mesh bag ontology I is equipped on the outside of ontology I, second level mesh bag ontology I, the front ends first order mesh bag ontology I are equipped with first order net
Mouthful support ring I, the second level front ends mesh bag ontology I are equipped with second level network interface support ring I, and the front ends third level mesh bag ontology I are equipped with the
Three-level network interface support ring I, first order network interface support ring I, second level network interface support ring I, the front ends third level network interface support ring I are equipped with
Grid I, first order mesh bag ontology I, second level mesh bag ontology I, third level mesh bag ontology I tail ends are equipped with micro- plastics enrichment release dress
It sets.
7. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 2, special
Sign is：The strainer fixed Combination type collector includes body II, and the front ends the body II are equipped with network interface support ring II, network interface
Support ring II is equipped with the rear ends grid II, the body II and is equipped with multistage filter net device, and the multistage filter net device passes through body
Interface arrangement is mounted on body II afterwards, and every layer of strainer tail end of multistage filter net device is equipped with enrichment release device.
8. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 3, special
Sign is：The multistage filter net device includes three-level strainer, and wherein first order strainer is filtered by the vertical bucket wall of the first order and the first order
Net bucket bottom is constituted；Second level strainer is made of the vertical bucket wall in the second level and second level strainer bucket bottom；Third level strainer is by vertical bucket
Wall and third level strainer bucket bottom are constituted, and wherein the lower end of the vertical bucket wall of the first order is connect with the threaded upper ends of the vertical bucket wall in the second level
Form be tightly connected；The lower end of the vertical bucket wall in the second level is sealed with the form that the upper end of the vertical bucket wall of the third level is threadedly coupled
Connection.
9. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 7, special
Sign is：The multistage filter net device includes three-level strainer, and wherein first order strainer is filtered by the vertical bucket wall of the first order and the first order
Net bucket bottom is constituted；Second level strainer is made of the vertical bucket wall in the second level and second level strainer bucket bottom；Third level strainer is by vertical bucket
Wall and third level strainer bucket bottom are constituted, and wherein the lower end of the vertical bucket wall of the first order is connect with the threaded upper ends of the vertical bucket wall in the second level
Form be tightly connected；The lower end of the vertical bucket wall in the second level is sealed with the form that the upper end of the vertical bucket wall of the third level is threadedly coupled
Connection.
10. more micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body according to claim 6, special
Sign is：Micro- plastics enrichment release device includes tube body, and tube body rear end is equipped with thread plug, and tube body front end is connected to strainer
End opening is connected, enrichment region is formed between strainer connection end opening and tube body.
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| CN201810231251.9A CN108344600B (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2018-03-20 | Synchronous collection system for multiple particle size microplastic samples in water bodies of different depths |
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| CN108982158A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-11 | 东北师范大学 | The comprehensive acquisition device and method of micro- plastics in a kind of water body |
| CN109238816A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 中国环境科学研究院 | More micro- plastics separated in synchronization devices of partial size in a kind of hybrid deposit or soil |
| CN109269868A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-25 | 中国环境科学研究院 | More micro- plastic selectors of partial size in a kind of high pressure water streaming deposit or soil |
| CN109946119A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | The micro- plastics layered sampling device of boat-carrying |
| CN110092492A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-06 | 福建师范大学泉港石化研究院 | A kind of micro- plastics graded collecting device in ocean with biomimetic features |
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| CN108982158A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-11 | 东北师范大学 | The comprehensive acquisition device and method of micro- plastics in a kind of water body |
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| CN114887363A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | In-situ collection and screening method and device for suspended particles in flowing water body |
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| CN114593952B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-19 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Water body micro-plastic collecting device and three-dimensional collecting system |
| CN118025416A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-05-14 | 甘肃农业大学 | Floating type hydrologic water resource survey device |
| CN118025416B (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-07-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Floating type hydrologic water resource survey device |
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