CN114166567A - Synchronous collecting device for multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic and using method - Google Patents
Synchronous collecting device for multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166567A CN114166567A CN202111471077.3A CN202111471077A CN114166567A CN 114166567 A CN114166567 A CN 114166567A CN 202111471077 A CN202111471077 A CN 202111471077A CN 114166567 A CN114166567 A CN 114166567A
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic synchronous acquisition device and a use method thereof, which relate to the technical field of underwater sampling and comprise a net rack and a net, wherein the net rack is provided with a plurality of net openings along a first direction, and the directions of the net openings are consistent; the net is provided with one at any net opening, the net contracts from the net opening to one side far away from the joint of the net opening and the net opening, and a collecting device is arranged at the contraction tail end of the net. Through set up a plurality of net gapes on the rack at equidistant to use the netting cover to establish the net gape, plastic refuse and the microplastic in the water layer pass through in the net gape gets into the netting, and under netting and collection device's combined action, realize gathering the plastic refuse and the microplastic in the continuous water layer in step, can high-efficient, accurate ration polywater layer plastic refuse and microplastic concentration level, have very important meaning to revealing its transportation and settlement process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater sampling, in particular to sample collection of a continuous water layer in a water environment, and specifically relates to a synchronous collecting device for multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic and a using method thereof.
Background
The plastic garbage and micro-plastic which are continuously enriched in the water environment and the potential and long-term negative environmental effects thereof have attracted the attention of people in various circles and become important hotspots and frontiers of environmental science. The method for accurately and quantitatively collecting the plastic wastes and the micro-plastics in the water environment relates to the following source and sink process explanation and pollution evaluation, so that a reliable collecting method is particularly important.
Chinese prior publication No. CN209722915U, which discloses a device for collecting marine plastic wastes, comprising: the four floating monomers are respectively positioned on four vertexes of the quadrangle; the clutch device is arranged among the floating single bodies, and the steel wire box is arranged in each floating single body; the steel wire is wound on the steel wire box and connected between the two adjacent floating single bodies; a thrust system; collecting the skirt; each collecting skirt comprises: a plurality of hollow plates disposed in a row laterally and side-by-side with respect to the floating units, each hollow plate comprising: a fiber rope connected to the lower end of each hollow plate, and a ceramic sinker connected to the lower end of the fiber rope.
The inventor believes that the existing collection device can only collect a single water layer, but the multi-water layer environmental sample cannot be effectively collected, so that the analytic research of the subsequent transportation process is undoubtedly limited.
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, the invention autonomously develops a plastic garbage and micro-plastic collecting device which can continuously and synchronously collect a multi-water layer and is suitable for various water bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a synchronous collecting device for multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic and a using method thereof.
The synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic garbage and the micro-plastics comprises a net rack and a net coat, wherein the net rack is provided with a plurality of net openings along a first direction, and the directions of the net openings are consistent; the net is provided with one at any net opening, the net contracts from the net opening to one side far away from the joint of the net opening and the net opening, and a collecting device is arranged at the contraction tail end of the net.
The net rack is provided with pull rings used for connecting mooring ropes, and the pull rings are arranged on the net rack along a first direction.
The pull ring extends to one side of net gape orientation from the rack, the pull ring has two sets ofly at the both sides of rack perpendicular to first direction symmetry respectively, the equal more than or equal to three of quantity of arbitrary group's pull ring of rack perpendicular to first direction both sides.
The one end fastening of hawser is installed the hasp, hasp and pull ring closure, just the hawser sets up the one side of net rack net gape orientation.
The rack is provided with the hangers along the one end of first direction, the rack is provided with counter weight installation position along the other end of first direction.
A plurality of net gapes on the rack set up along first direction equidistance.
The shape of the net opening is a regular geometric shape, and the effective area of the net opening is larger than 0.15m2(ii) a The length of the mesh comprises 3m and the pore size of the mesh comprises 330 μm.
The collecting device comprises net bottom pipes, and any net bottom pipe is communicated with the space in the corresponding net.
The collecting device comprises nylon ropes, and any nylon rope is used for closing the contraction tail ends of the corresponding net clothes.
According to the use method of the synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic garbage and the micro-plastic, which is provided by the invention, the synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic garbage and the micro-plastic, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 9, is adopted, and the use method comprises the following steps: s1, fixing a plurality of netting of the same specification at a plurality of net openings of a stainless steel net rack in the same direction by nylon ropes or stainless steel bands respectively, fixing a one-way digital flowmeter at the center of each net opening, and recording initial numbers; s2, connecting and fixing one ends of the cables with the pull rings, measuring the required length of any cable through the distance measurement, and fixing the other end of any cable on the ship body in front of the net opening; s3, fixing the floating ball on the hanging lug and fixing the fish lead on the counterweight mounting position; s4, connecting the top of the hanging lug with a steel cable of a ship-mounted winch by using a rope, slowly lowering the collecting device into water by using the winch, and recording to start working after reaching a specified depth; s5, after the acquisition is finished, the acquisition device is quickly lifted out of the water surface through a ship-borne winch, and the readings of the unidirectional digital flowmeters are recorded; and S6, flushing the plastic garbage and the micro plastic captured in the netting by using a high-pressure water gun to the bottom of the netting or a bottom pipe of the netting, and then transferring the plastic garbage and the micro plastic to a sample bottle or a self-sealing bag for marking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the net openings are arranged on the net rack at equal intervals, the net openings are covered by the net, plastic garbage and micro-plastics in the water layer enter the net through the net openings, and the plastic garbage and the micro-plastics in different water layers are synchronously collected under the combined action of the net and the collecting device, so that the diversity of collection and the convenience of synchronous collection of multiple water layers are improved;
2. according to the invention, the collection device is arranged behind the ship body through the matching of the pull ring and the cable, so that the net port can face the water flow direction, and the convenience of sampling is improved;
3. according to the invention, the floating ball is arranged on the suspension loop, and the fish lead with the counterweight function is arranged on the counterweight mounting position, so that the acquisition device can be kept vertical to the horizontal plane under the condition of high-speed water flow, and the convenience and accuracy of sampling can be improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a collecting device according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the net rack mainly embodied by the patent of the invention.
Shown in the figure:
net rack 1 hanging lug 5
Pull ring 3 net bottom tube 7
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the synchronous collecting device for multi-water layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic provided by the invention comprises a net rack 1 and a net cover 2, wherein a plurality of net openings are formed in the net rack 1 at equal intervals along a first direction, and the orientations of the plurality of net openings are consistent. One is all installed at any net gape department to netting 2, and arbitrary netting 2 all covers the net gape that corresponds with it completely, and arbitrary netting 2 all from the net gape to keeping away from one side of the two junctions and contracting gradually, and collection device is all installed to the shrink end of arbitrary netting 2 to cooperation netting 2 collects plastic refuse and little plastics.
When the sampling device is used, the sampling device is placed in a target water area, the net rack 1 is immersed in the target water area in a vertical state in the first direction, and the height of the net rack 1 is determined by an actual sampling plan. Sundries in the target water area can enter the netting 2 through the net opening, and under the cooperation of the netting 2 and the collecting device, plastic garbage and micro plastic in multiple water layers of the target water area are sampled and collected simultaneously.
As shown in fig. 2, the net rack 1 is rectangular, the length direction of the net rack 1 is parallel to the first direction, the width direction of the net rack 1 is perpendicular to the first direction, the net rack 1 is made of solid cylindrical stainless steel, has certain structural strength and good corrosion resistance, and the pipe connection parts on the net rack 1 are fixed in advance and cannot move. The shape of net gape is 0.3X 0.5 m's rectangle, and the net gape is provided with nine at even interval along the length direction of rack 1 on rack 1.
As shown in fig. 1, pull rings 3 for connecting cables 4 are fixedly mounted on the net rack 1, the pull rings 3 extend from the net rack 1 to one side of the net mouth, two groups of pull rings 3 are respectively and symmetrically mounted on two sides of the net rack 1 in the width direction, and the number of any group of pull rings 3 on two sides of the net rack 1 in the width direction is three.
During the use, all be connected with hawser 4 on six pull rings 3, the hasp is installed in the one end fastening of hawser 4, the hasp can with the 3 closure of pull ring, the climbing buckle of suitable size and intensity is preferred to the hasp of this application. The other end of six hawsers 4 all sets up the one side at 1 net gape orientation of rack, measures and calculates the length of every rope according to the distance, all fixes six ropes again on the hull of net gape front side, makes the net gape can come to towards rivers.
The hangers 5 are fastened and installed at one end of the net rack 1 in the length direction, and the counterweight installation positions 6 are arranged at the other end of the net rack 1 in the length direction. When the device is used, the net rack 1 is vertically placed in a target water area, the hanging lugs 5 are located at the upper end of the net rack 1, and the hanging lugs 5 are connected with a steel cable of a ship-mounted winch through ropes. And slowly lowering the collecting device into the target water area by using a ship-borne winch, and starting to work after the collecting device reaches the specified depth.
Under the traction of the rope connected with the hanging lug 5 and the cable 4 connected with the pull ring 3, the acquisition device can keep a vertical water surface posture at a specified depth. In addition, a floating ball can be arranged at the hanging lug 5, and a counterweight can be arranged on a counterweight mounting position 6 at the bottom of the net rack 1, wherein the counterweight is preferably a fish lead and is used for keeping the collecting device vertical to the horizontal plane under the condition of high-speed water flow. After the collection device is laid and starts to work, the netting 2 on the collection device automatically opens under the action of water flow, and the netting 2 with different heights in a target water area can sample and collect plastic garbage and micro plastic in different water layers.
The net 2 has a sufficient length, and the pore size of the net 2 allows water to pass through, but does not allow plastic waste and micro plastic to pass through. The collecting device is a net bottom pipe 7, the net bottom pipe 7 is in a hollow tubular shape, the space in the net bottom pipe 7 is communicated with the space in the net clothes 2, plastic garbage and micro-plastic in the water layer enter the space in the net clothes 2 through the net opening and then enter the net bottom pipe 7, and the plastic garbage and the micro-plastic in the water layer are collected under the matching action of the net clothes 2 and the net bottom pipe 7.
Example 2
Based on the embodiment 1, according to the synchronous collecting device for multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic provided by the invention, if too much garbage exists in a lake or a river channel, the bottom of the netting of the collecting device can be bound by nylon ropes at the contraction end of the netting 2, so that the contraction end of the netting 2 is closed. This step is convenient for take out a large amount of rubbish in the netting 2, improves transfer efficiency.
During sampling, plastic garbage and micro-plastics in the water layer enter the space in the net cover 2 through the net opening, the net cover 2 pockets the plastic garbage and the micro-plastics for collection, and the space in the net cover 2 is larger than the space in the net bottom pipe 7, so that the garbage collecting net cover is more suitable for the working environment with more garbage in the water layer.
Example 3
Based on the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the invention further provides a use method of the synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic waste and the micro-plastic, which comprises the synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic waste and the micro-plastic, and the use method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing nine net clothes 2 with the same specification at nine net openings of a stainless steel net rack 1 in the same direction by nylon ropes or stainless steel bands respectively, fixing one-way digital flowmeters at the centers of the nine net openings respectively, and recording the initial numbers of the nine one-way digital flowmeters respectively.
S2, one ends of six cables 4 are respectively connected and fixed with six pull rings 3, the six cables 4 are all measured for required length through distance, the other ends of the six cables 4 are all fixed on a ship body in front of a net opening, and the part is mainly used for traction and fixation, so that the collecting device can be kept vertical to the water surface under the action of high-speed water flow.
And S3, fixing the floating ball on the suspension loop 5, and fixing the fish lead on the counterweight mounting position 6 for assisting the maintenance of the underwater posture of the collecting device.
And S4, connecting the top of the hanging lug 5 with a steel cable of a ship-mounted winch by using a rope, slowly lowering the collecting device into the water by using the winch, and recording to start working after reaching the specified depth.
And S5, after the acquisition is finished, the acquisition device is quickly lifted out of the water surface through a ship-mounted winch, and the readings of the unidirectional digital flowmeters are recorded.
S6, washing all the plastic garbage and micro-plastics captured in the netting 2 by using a high-pressure water gun to the bottom of the netting 2 or the net bottom tube 7, and then transferring to a sample bottle or a self-sealing bag for marking.
Under the combined action of the rope connected with the steel cable of the shipborne winch at the top of the hanging lug 5 and the six cables 4 connected with the pull ring 3, the acquisition device can keep the posture vertical to the water surface at the specified depth. The netting 2 at the nine net openings automatically opens along the flow direction of the water flow under the action of the water flow, and the plastic garbage and the micro plastic samples of all the water layers are collected.
Preferred embodiment(s) of the invention
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, based on embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the cross-section diameter of the solid cylindrical stainless steel on the net rack 1 is 3cm according to the synchronous collecting device for multi-water layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic provided by the invention.
Nine net openings are formed on the net rack 1 at equal intervals along the net rack direction, and the shapes and the sizes of the nine net openings are the same. The mesh opening has a rectangular shape, and the length-wise area of the mesh opening having the smallest effective 1 is 0.3m (width) × 0.5m (height) ═ 0.15m2So that the total effective collection area of the collection device is 0.3m (width) 4.5m (height) 1.35m 2Total nine aqueous layers.
The net 2 adopted by the nine net openings are the same, the length of the net 2 is 3m, and the pore diameter is 330 μm.
The length of the hanging lugs 5 along the length direction of the net rack 1 is 0.56m, and the length of the hanging lugs 5 along the width direction of the net rack 1 is 0.26 m. The net pull ring 3 is semicircular, the radius of the net pull ring is adjustable according to requirements, and the pull ring 3 is made of a solid pipe with the diameter of 1 cm.
The cable 4 connected to the tab 3 has a length of about 20m and a cross-sectional diameter of 8 mm.
Principle of operation
When the device is used, the net rack 1 is vertically placed in a target water area, the hanging lugs 5 are positioned at the upper end of the net rack 1, and the hanging lugs 5 are connected with a steel cable of a ship-borne winch through ropes; slowly lowering the collecting device into a target water area by using a ship-borne winch, and starting to work after the collecting device reaches a specified depth; the netting 2 is automatically opened under the action of water flow, and a plurality of netting 2 with different heights in a target water area can realize sampling and collection of plastic garbage and micro-plastics in different water layers; the plastic garbage and the micro-plastic in the water layer enter the space in the netting 2 through the net opening, and the plastic garbage and the micro-plastic in the water layer are collected under the matching action of the netting 2 and the collecting device.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic synchronous collecting device is characterized by comprising a net rack (1) and a net cover (2), wherein the net rack (1) is provided with a plurality of net openings along a first direction, and the directions of the net openings are consistent; the net (2) is provided with one net opening, the net (2) shrinks from the net opening to one side far away from the joint of the net and the net, and the shrinking tail end of the net (2) is provided with a collecting device.
2. The synchronous multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the net rack (1) is provided with a plurality of pull rings (3) for connecting the cable (4), and the pull rings (3) are arranged on the net rack (1) along a first direction.
3. The synchronous multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic collecting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pull rings (3) extend from the net rack (1) to one side of the net opening, two groups of pull rings (3) are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the net rack (1) perpendicular to the first direction, and the number of any group of pull rings (3) on two sides of the net rack (1) perpendicular to the first direction is more than or equal to three.
4. The synchronous multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic collecting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a lock catch is tightly mounted at one end of the cable (4), the lock catch is locked with the pull ring (3), and the cable (4) is arranged at one side of the net rack (1) facing the net opening.
5. The synchronous multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the net rack (1) along the first direction is provided with a hanging lug (5), and the other end of the net rack (1) along the first direction is provided with a counterweight mounting position (6).
6. The synchronous multi-water-layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of net openings on the net rack (1) are arranged at equal intervals along the first direction.
7. The synchronous multi-level plastic waste and micro-plastic collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shape of the net opening is regular geometric shape, and the effective area of the net opening is larger than 0.15m2;
The length of the net (2) comprises 3m, and the pore size of the net (2) comprises 330 μm.
8. The synchronous collecting device for multi-water layer plastic garbage and micro-plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that the collecting device comprises net bottom pipes (7), and any one of the net bottom pipes (7) is communicated with the space inside the corresponding net (2).
9. The synchronous multi-aquifer plastic waste and micro-plastic collecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the collecting device comprises nylon ropes, any of which is used to close the shrinking end of the corresponding netting (2).
10. The use method of the synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic garbage and the micro-plastics is characterized in that the synchronous collecting device for the multi-water-layer plastic garbage and the micro-plastics of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, and the use method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing a plurality of netting (2) with the same specification at a plurality of net openings of a stainless steel net rack (1) in the same direction by nylon ropes or stainless steel bands respectively, fixing a one-way digital flowmeter at the center of each net opening, and recording the initial number;
s2, connecting and fixing one ends of the cables (4) with the pull rings (3), measuring the required length of any cable (4) through distance measurement, and fixing the other end of any cable (4) on the ship body at the front side of the net opening;
s3, fixing the floating ball on the suspension loop (5) and fixing the fish lead on the counterweight mounting position (6);
s4, connecting the top of the hanging lug (5) with a steel cable of a ship-mounted winch by using a rope, slowly lowering the collecting device into water by using the winch, and recording to start working after reaching the specified depth;
S5, after the acquisition is finished, the acquisition device is quickly lifted out of the water surface through a ship-borne winch, and the readings of the unidirectional digital flowmeters are recorded;
s6, flushing the plastic garbage and the micro plastic captured in the netting (2) by using a high-pressure water gun to the bottom of the netting (2) or the inside of a net bottom tube (7), and then transferring to a sample bottle or a self-sealing bag for marking.
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Cited By (1)
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CN115350691A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-18 | 浙江树人学院 | Micro-plastic adsorbing material prepared from kelp fermentation residues, method and application |
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