CN104990765A - Instrument and method for monitoring inshore and estuary sedimentary layer pore water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring instrument for pore water in near-shore and estuary sediment layers, which comprises a cone head section, a water inlet chamber pipe, a first main pipe, a second main pipe, and a transformer connected coaxially through threads from bottom to top. Diameter transfer pipe, extension pipe, T-shaped handle, a water inlet with a filter layer is set on the wall of the water inlet chamber pipe, and a partition is arranged between the inner cavity of the water inlet chamber pipe and the inner cavity of the first main pipe , the chamber water outlet is arranged on the partition; the inner chamber of the first main pipe is provided with a monitoring probe and a solenoid valve from top to bottom, the inlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the chamber water outlet, the outlet is connected to the probe water inlet, and the probe outlet is The water port is connected to a speed-regulating peristaltic pump. The invention also provides a monitoring method for the pore water in the nearshore and estuary sediment layers. The invention adapts to the operating environment of different water depths in the estuary sea area, has little disturbance to the sedimentary layer, can quickly, continuously, efficiently and accurately collect and monitor pore water at different times or different depths of the sedimentary layer, and has high resolution of layered monitoring.

Description

A monitoring instrument and monitoring method for pore water in nearshore and estuary sediments

technical field

The invention relates to the field of marine monitoring instruments, in particular to an instrument and a monitoring method for monitoring pore water in near-shore and estuary sediment layers.

Background technique

Nearshore and estuary sediments are areas with frequent material exchange, and the dynamic mechanism is complex, and the change process of its material composition is of great significance for studying the material transport mechanism of nearshore and estuary. In existing studies, most scholars have not considered the change process of material components in sediment pore water to the transportation research of nearshore and estuary material components. Therefore, the present invention is used to study nearshore and estuary Transport process of pore water material components in sediment layers.

There are many methods for determining the composition of pore water substances. The methods of centrifugation, extrusion and in-situ collection are often used to collect and measure pore water. Basically, the method of collecting first and then detecting is carried out. Among them, the centrifugation and extrusion methods need to separate the pore water of the sediment sample. The method of extracting the pore water of the sediment by centrifugation is complicated, the workload is large, and it will cause the pollution of the sample water sample, the sampling information lags behind, and continuous sampling and monitoring cannot be carried out; The in-situ collection method is a method of passively collecting interstitial water without destroying the sediment structure, mainly including in-situ dialysis membrane sampler (Peeper) based on the principle of osmotic balance, suction technology and Rhizon technology based on the principle of negative pressure, molecular-based The thin film diffusion balance method based on the diffusion principle, etc. The in-situ collection method will not cause sample water pollution, and the operation is simple, but it takes a long time to sample. The Peeper sampler and the thin film diffusion balance method need at least 1 day for pore water sampling. , Ion balance.

1. Peeper sampler

The multi-chamber dialysis sampler (Peeper) is a sediment pore water sampler invented by Dr. Ray Hesslein of Columbia University in 1976. It is made of plexiglass. The main body consists of a series of small cavities filled with deionized water. The small cavity is covered with a micron-sized dialysis membrane, which is collected through the water on both sides of the membrane to achieve a balance of soluble ions and molecules.

Peeper samplers are widely used for pore water collection in lakes and rivers. Wang Jianjun and others used Peeper to collect metal ions in the pore water of Taihu Lake. Li Bao et al. used Peeper to collect nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the sediment pore water of Fubao Bay, Dianchi Lake. But the traditional Peeper sampler has low spatial resolution and long equilibration time (more than 20 days). In order to reduce the size of the cavity, Ding Shiming et al. modified the Peeper sampler to be composed of three plates, and each plate has holes arranged at intervals along the vertical direction, and the three plates are stacked to form a plate with small holes. Placed on the outside, the holes of the three boards correspond one by one; a permeable membrane covering all the holes is set between the two superimposed surfaces of the three boards, and the two permeable membranes and the hole in the middle board form a sampling chamber. The volume of the sampling chamber is 100-300μL, and three plates and two permeable membranes are fixed into one; the improved Peeper sampler can shorten the equilibration time to 24h.

The Peeper sampler based on the principle of osmotic balance has the following disadvantages: the sampling time is long, and it cannot collect pore water quickly and continuously, especially it cannot effectively respond to the influence of short-period factors such as waves and tides on pore water.

2. Sampler for pore water sampling of river or lake sediments

The sampler is a patent proposed by Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Restoration Co., Ltd., which collects pore water based on the principle of pressure difference between the inner and outer water surfaces of the sampler. The sampler is composed of cone head, multi-section sampling tube, stainless steel screen and T-shaped handle. The lower end of the sampling tube is fixedly connected to the cone head, the upper end of the sampling tube is provided with an internal thread, and the lower part of the sampling tube is provided with a screen area; the screen area is provided with a wire-cut slit with a width of 0.2mm and coated on its outer wall. Stainless steel screen, used for pore water to enter the sampler; the lower end of the T-shaped handle is inserted into the upper end of the sampling tube. When sampling with this sampler, use the T-shaped handle to press the sampling tube down into the sediment for sampling. After reaching the sampling depth, extend the sampling tube into the extension rod, and use a peristaltic pump to drain the pore water in the sampler. Pump to the surface for collection. The sampler can use an extension rod to collect pore water at different depths of river or lake sediment, can effectively collect and analyze pore water in situ, and has simple equipment and convenient operation.

The existing samplers based on the principle of pressure difference between the inner and outer water surfaces of the sampler have the following disadvantages: (a) The pressure difference between the water surface of the river or lake outside the sampler and the water surface where the pore water is collected in the sampler is used as the driving force to promote the pore water to enter In the sampler, the sampling tube is extended to pump the pore water in the sampler to the water surface for collection, and the control function of pore water collection is insufficient; (b) such a collection method requires a certain amount of pore water to be stored in the sampler , the range of sedimentary layers to be collected is large, and the layered resolution of sampling is low; (c) Although pore water at different depths can be collected, it is easy to cause pore water entering the sampler at the beginning of sampling when it is from the upper layer to the lower layer. Mixed with the original upper layer pore water, reducing the sampling efficiency; (d) under the action of dynamic factors such as waves, the water flow in the estuary sea area frequently moves back and forth, and the existing samplers are not capable of resisting the impact of waves; (e) the pore water group Sub-monitoring has a lag.

In view of the complex hydrodynamic conditions in nearshore and estuary areas, the existing sediment pore water sampling and monitoring instruments have the following deficiencies: (a) Although the existing pore water sampler has a peristaltic pump, it only uses a sampling tube to extend the sampling The pore water in the sampler is pumped to the water surface for collection. The pore water entering the sampler mainly depends on the pressure difference between the inner and outer water surfaces of the sampler, and the greater the difference between the inner and outer water surfaces, the greater the pressure difference, and the faster the pore water enters, which cannot control the pore water. The speed and time of entry; (b) when the existing pore water sampler collects pore water at different depths, the layered resolution is low and the collection efficiency is low; (c) when sampling in places with large water depths, the water pressure is high, and it is inevitable There is seawater entering, which will affect the accuracy of the measurement in the early stage of sampling; (d) the existing sampler uses a peristaltic pump to pump out the pore water in the sampler, and collects and measures above the water surface, and the sampling transportation of long-distance pipelines , will cause the attenuation and doping of the element components of the pore water sample, affecting the measurement results, and the measurement has a certain hysteresis, which will affect the synchronization of the data of each element; (e) Most of the estuary seabed sediments are silty clay, For clayey silt, sandy clay and other small-sized sediment and silt, it is difficult to isolate the sediment and silt from the sampling inlet by simply using screens and fine cutting slits; (f) The hydrodynamic environment of the estuary is complex, especially It is the reciprocating action of the waves, which will cause disturbance and displacement of the sampling pipe, and indirectly cause disturbance to the sediment. Therefore, the existing pore water samplers are not enough in terms of structure and sampling method to meet the requirements of pore water monitoring in estuary sea areas.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a simple structure, convenient operation, flexible control, and wide adaptability for monitoring pore water in near-shore and estuary sediment layers.

The present invention is specifically realized by the following technical solutions:

A monitoring instrument for pore water in near-shore and estuary sediments, including a cone head section connected coaxially by threads, a water inlet chamber pipe, a first main pipe, a second main pipe, a variable-diameter adapter pipe, extension tube, T-handle,

A water inlet with a filter layer is symmetrically arranged on the pipe wall of the water inlet chamber pipe, and a sealing partition is welded on the inner cavity of the water inlet chamber pipe near the first main pipe, and the partition is provided with There is a chamber water outlet connected to the inner cavity of the water inlet chamber pipe;

The inner cavity of the first main pipe is fixedly installed with a monitoring probe and a solenoid valve from top to bottom. The inlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the water outlet of the chamber through a section of the first silicone tube, and the outlet is connected to the water outlet of the chamber through a size conversion plastic interface and another section of the second section. A silicone tube is connected to the probe water inlet of the monitoring probe, and the water outlet of the monitoring probe is connected to the speed-regulating peristaltic pump through the second silicone tube passing through the through holes of the first main pipe, the second main pipe, the extension pipe and the T-shaped handle in sequence.

Further, the first main pipe is provided with an accessory mounting frame for fixing the monitoring probe and the solenoid valve, and the accessory mounting frame includes vertically symmetrical iron sheets with an arc-shaped cross section, which are sequentially fixed on the iron sheets The top, middle and bottom C-shaped upper and middle fixing plates, and a circular chassis are provided with bottom screw holes for fixing the solenoid valve and bottom holes for the chamber water outlet to pass through.

Further, the cone head section includes a coaxial solid cone head and a stepped solid cylinder, the thick end of the stepped solid cylinder is provided with external threads, and the thin end of the stepped solid cylinder is provided with a rod-through hole, and the rod-through hole is used to Tighten or unscrew the cone head to prevent the cone head from being unscrewed under the action of water pressure. There is a solid cone head connected with a stepped solid cylinder on the cone head section. With the weight of the instrument, the solid cone head makes it easier to insert the monitoring instrument In the sediment layer, the solid cylinder plays the role of reducing the volume of the water inlet chamber.

Further, the inner walls at both ends of the water inlet chamber pipe are provided with internal threads, and the pipe wall of the water inlet chamber pipe is provided with a groove for installing a filter layer opposite to the water inlet, and the bottom of the groove is provided with There are screw holes for fixing the filter layer.

Further, the filter layer is composed of four filter layers from the outside to the inside: 3mm pore diameter circular mesh, 0.5mm~0.063mm fine pore diameter stainless steel filter screen, 2 micron pore diameter polypropylene microporous filter membrane, 3mm pore diameter circular hole net.

Further, the inner wall of the upper end of the variable-diameter transfer pipe is provided with an internal thread connected to the extension pipe, and the lower end is provided with an external thread connected with the second main pipe, and the middle part of the variable-diameter transfer pipe is fixedly provided with an instrument lifting disk, so The lifting disc of the instrument is provided with circular holes uniformly distributed along its concentric circles.

In addition, the present invention also provides a monitoring method for pore water in near-shore and estuary sediment layers, comprising the following steps:

(a) At the predetermined sampling and testing location, measure the water depth and determine the depth of the instrument inserted into the sediment layer, and determine the number of the first main pipe, the second main pipe and the extension pipe;

(b) Assemble the conical head section, the water inlet chamber pipe, the filter layer, the accessory mounting frame, the first main pipe, the corresponding number of the second main pipes, and the reducing adapter pipe, and apply a sealed vacuum Silicone grease, then tied into the round hole of the lifting disc of the instrument with a cable, slowly hoisted into the seawater, after reaching the corresponding water depth and the instrument is stable, then increase the number of extension tubes until the instrument is placed on the seabed;

(c) Put the T-shaped handle on the extension tube, and press the monitoring instrument into the sediment layer by its own weight. If the sediment layer is hard, hit the T-shaped handle with a hammer to insert the instrument into the sediment layer to a predetermined depth;

(d) Connect the live wire and neutral wire of the cable and the power wire of the battery valve to the power supply, connect the other wires of the cable to the probe display, and connect to the laptop through the RS485 communication interface; connect the second silicone tube to the speed-regulating peristaltic pump ;

(e) If the monitoring position is close to the shore, the water depth is shallow, and the wind and waves are small, fix it by its own weight; if the wave at the monitoring position disturbs the instrument greatly, fix the cable tied to the round hole on the seabed , to enhance the anti-wave capability of the instrument;

(f) Start monitoring: let the solenoid valve be connected to the electricity and open, and let the peristaltic pump start to work, so that the pore water slowly enters the water inlet chamber tube at a certain speed, and when the material composition data in the laptop computer changes, start to automatically record and monitor The data measured by the probe can realize continuous and rapid monitoring of pore water material composition data;

(g) If multi-layer monitoring is required, it is necessary to monitor the instrument from the upper layer to the lower layer. Before going deep, close the solenoid valve, use the peristaltic pump to pump out the pore water in the water passage of the instrument, and repeat the previous step after entering the lower layer. Steps to monitor or collect pore water;

(h) After the monitoring is completed, disconnect the cable and silicone tube connected to the electronic equipment, use the cable to pull the instrument up and away from the sediment layer, and recover the instrument.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention can resist the complex hydrodynamic effect of the estuary, adapt to the operating environment of different water depths in the estuary sea area, has little disturbance to the sedimentary layer, and can quickly, continuously, efficiently and accurately collect and monitor pore water at different times or at different depths of the sedimentary layer. Layer monitoring has a high resolution and can record and process real-time monitoring data, including:

(1) Based on the traditional negative pressure suction theory, the silicone tube is used as the water passage to improve the dynamic characteristics of the pore water entering the monitoring instrument solely relying on the pressure difference between the inner and outer water surfaces of the sampler, and the speed-adjustable peristaltic pump and solenoid valve are used to control the pore water pumping The absorption speed can prevent the pore water from entering too fast at different water depths. It can not only quickly monitor the changes of pore water material components, but also reduce the amount of pore water required, reduce the collection range of pore water, and improve stratification. resolution;

(2) In the initial stage of monitoring from the upper layer to the lower layer by the monitoring instrument, the use of solenoid valves and peristaltic pumps can effectively limit the mixing of the newly entered lower layer pore water with the original upper layer pore water, and improve the monitoring of pore water at different depths. efficiency;

(3) Use the accessory mounting bracket to place the monitoring probe inside the instrument, which can continuously, quickly and efficiently monitor the composition of pore water substances, obtain the change process of the composition of pore water substances over time, and shorten the time for determining the composition of pore water substances. Response time, and avoid the hysteresis of the measurement data;

(4) A microporous filter membrane is placed between the small-diameter filter screens to block fine particles of sediment, and the filter membrane can be easily replaced by using the screw installation method;

(5) Weld the hoisting disk on the instrument to tie the cables or pull rods to the four holes. When lowering or recovering, you can use manpower or hoisting machinery to hoist the instrument. When the wave disturbance is large, the system can be tied The cables on it are anchored to the surrounding seabed to enhance the wave resistance of the instrument.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a complete assembly of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an assembly schematic diagram of the conical head section, the water inlet chamber, the first main pipe and the accessories mounting frame according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cone head section of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a water inlet chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a water inlet chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic left view of the water inlet chamber according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Fig. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first main pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the second main pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic front view of a reducing adapter pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of a reducing adapter pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line I-I in FIG. 10 .

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extension tube of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic front view of a T-shaped handle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic top view of a T-shaped handle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic left view of a T-shaped handle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic front view of an accessory mounting bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a schematic left view of the accessory mounting bracket according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view along G-G in Fig. 17 .

Fig. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line D-D in Fig. 17 .

Fig. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view along E-E in Fig. 17 .

Fig. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view along F-F in Fig. 17 .

In the figure: 1-solid cone head; 2-external thread; 3-internal thread; 4-stepped solid cylinder; 5-water inlet; 6-chamber water outlet; 7-groove; 8-screw hole; 9-instrument Lifting disc; 10-round hole; 11-handle through hole; 12-bottom screw hole; 13-bottom hole; 14-chassis; 15-middle fixing plate; 16-upper fixing plate; The first silicone tube; 19-solenoid valve; 20-size conversion plastic interface; 21-solenoid valve power cord; 22-probe water inlet; 23-monitoring probe; 24-second silicone tube; 25-cable; 26-accessory installation Frame; 27-water inlet chamber pipe; 28-first main pipe; 29-second main pipe; 30-reducing adapter pipe; 31-extension pipe; ; 35 - filter layer.

Detailed ways

The purpose of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the embodiments cannot be repeated here one by one, but the implementation of the present invention is not therefore limited to the following embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a monitoring instrument for pore water in near-shore and estuary sediments includes a cone head section connected coaxially through threads, a water inlet chamber pipe 27, and a first main pipe. 28 (seeing Fig. 8), the second main pipe 29 (seeing Fig. 9), reducing adapter pipe 30, extension pipe 31, T-shaped handle 32,

A water inlet 5 with a filter layer 35 is symmetrically arranged on the pipe wall of the water inlet chamber pipe 27, and a sealing partition 33 is welded on the inner cavity of the water inlet chamber pipe 27 near the first main pipe 28, The partition plate 33 is provided with a chamber water outlet 6 that communicates with the inner cavity of the water inlet chamber pipe 27;

The inner cavity of the first main pipe 28 is fixedly provided with a monitoring probe 23 and a solenoid valve 19 from top to bottom. The inlet of the solenoid valve 19 is connected to the water inlet 6 of the chamber through a section of the first silicone tube 18, and the outlet is connected to the water inlet 6 through a size conversion. The plastic interface 20 and another section of the first silicone tube 18 are connected to the probe water inlet 22 of the monitoring probe 23, and the water outlet of the monitoring probe 23 passes through the first main pipe 28, the second main pipe 29, the extension pipe 31, and the T-shaped handle 32 in sequence. The second silicone tube 24 of the through hole 11 is connected with a speed-regulating peristaltic pump.

As shown in FIGS. 17 to 22 , the first main pipe 28 is provided with an accessory mounting frame 26 for fixing the monitoring probe 23 and the solenoid valve 19 , and the accessory mounting frame 26 includes a vertically symmetrical arc-shaped cross section. The iron sheet 17, the C-shaped upper fixed plate 16, the middle fixed plate 15, and the circular chassis 14 that are fixed on the top, middle and bottom of the iron sheet 17 successively, and the circular chassis 14 is provided with a solenoid valve 19 for fixing The bottom screw hole 12 and the bottom hole 13 for the chamber water outlet 6 to pass through.

As shown in Figure 3, the cone section includes a coaxial solid cone 1 and a stepped solid cylinder 4, the thick end of the stepped solid cylinder 4 is provided with an external thread 2, and the thin end of the stepped solid cylinder 4 is provided with a thread Rod hole 34, the rod hole is used to tighten or unscrew the cone head, in case the cone head cannot be unscrewed under the action of water pressure, there is a solid cone head 1 and a stepped solid cylinder 4 connected as a whole on the cone head section, by means of the instrument Self-weight, the solid cone head 1 makes it easier for the monitoring instrument to be inserted into the sediment layer, and the solid cylinder plays the role of reducing the volume of the water inlet chamber.

As shown in Figures 4 to 7, the inner walls at both ends of the water inlet chamber pipe 27 are provided with internal threads 3, and the pipe wall of the water inlet chamber pipe 27 is provided with a filter layer 35 for installing the water inlet 5. The bottom of the groove 7 is provided with a screw hole 8 for fixing the filter layer 35 .

In this embodiment, the filter layer 35 is composed of four filter layers from the outside to the inside: 3mm pore diameter circular mesh, 0.5mm~0.063mm fine pore diameter stainless steel filter screen, 2 micron pore diameter polypropylene microporous filter membrane, 3mm The pore diameter round hole net, large and small pore size filter screens can protect the microporous filter membrane from being damaged by sediment, and the microporous filter membrane can isolate fine particles of sediment.

As shown in Figures 10 to 12, the inner wall of the upper end of the reducing adapter pipe 30 is provided with an internal thread 3 connecting the extension pipe 31, and the lower end is provided with an external thread 2 connecting the second main pipe 29, and the reducing diameter adapter pipe 30 The central part of the instrument is fixedly provided with an instrument lifting disk 9, and the instrument pulling disk 9 is provided with circular holes 10 uniformly distributed along its concentric circles.

In this embodiment, the cone head section, the water inlet chamber pipe 27, the main pipes and the accessory mounting frame 26 are made of stainless steel, and the extension pipe 31, the variable diameter adapter pipe 30, the instrument lifting disc 9, and the T-shaped handle 32 are used. Aluminum alloy material.

The external thread 2 of the cone head section (FIG. 1) and the internal thread 3 at the lower end of the water inlet chamber pipe 27 (FIG. 2) are screwed together to form the water inlet chamber.

The water inlet 5 is located in the middle of the water inlet chamber pipe 27, and there are four rectangular water inlets 5 with a size of 40mm*30mm along the circumference, and there are grooves 7 and screw holes 8 for installing filter components.

Each main pipe (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) is a circular pipe with an inner diameter of 60 mm and an outer diameter of 76 mm. The internal thread 3 at the upper end of the water inlet chamber pipe 27 and the external thread 2 of the first main pipe 28 are screwed together, and can be assembled according to The sampling depth increases the number of joints of the second main pipe 29 (Fig. 5), each 500mm long.

The extension pipe 31 (Fig. 13) is a circular pipe with an inner diameter of 30mm and an outer diameter of 46mm, and the length of each section of the circular pipe is 500mm. During assembling, the joint quantity of the extension rod 31 can be increased according to the water depth.

The second main pipe 29 and the extension pipe 31 are threadedly engaged in a diameter-reducing adapter pipe 30 , and the length of the diameter-reducing adapter pipe 30 is 150 mm.

The instrument lifting disk 9 is welded on the reducing adapter pipe 30, and the instrument can be lifted and fixed by ropes or pull rods.

The T-shaped handle 32 can be sleeved on the extension tube 31 at the uppermost end, and is used for extruding the instrument to be inserted into the sediment layer. If the sediment layer is too hard, the T-shaped handle 32 can also be hammered, so that the main pipe part can be inserted to a predetermined monitoring depth.

The circular chassis 14 of the accessory mounting frame 26 (Fig. 9) is used to install and fix the solenoid valve 19, the upper fixed plate 16 and the middle fixed plate 15 are used to place the monitoring probe, the upper fixed plate 16 and the middle fixed plate 15, and the circular chassis 14 Support with two iron plates 17.

The pore water suction control part includes a miniature electromagnetic valve 19, a silicone tube 18, and a speed-regulating peristaltic pump. The monitoring part includes a substance component monitoring probe 23, a cable 25, and a data display and recording system.

Electromagnetic valve 19 is used to control the water in and out of the water inlet chamber pipe 27; each silicone tube is the passage for pore water to enter the monitoring probe and drain out of the instrument; the speed-adjustable peristaltic pump can adjust the pore water to enter according to the penetration speed in the sediment layer. The speed of the water inlet chamber prevents the pore water from entering the chamber too fast and causing too much disturbance to the sediment layer; the monitoring probe 23 can be selected according to the type of monitoring components, such as conductivity probe, PH probe, etc.; data display and record coefficient Then, the signal data detected by the monitoring probe 23 is connected to the laptop computer through the RS485 communication interface, and the data is recorded and processed by self-programmed software.

The monitoring instrument assembly process provided by this embodiment is as follows:

(a) Install the filter screen and microporous membrane as the filter layer 35 in the screw hole 8 before the water inlet 5;

(b) Install the solenoid valve 19 in the bottom screw hole 12 on the accessory mounting frame 26 with screws, put the accessory mounting frame 26 on the partition plate 33 in the first main pipe 28, and the bottom hole 13 faces the water outlet of the chamber 6. Connect the first silicone tube 18 to the water inlet and outlet of the water outlet 6 and the battery valve 19, and tighten the interface with a tube clamp;

(c) According to the size of the probe, put the monitoring probe 23 on the middle fixing plate 15 or the upper fixing plate 16 and fix it, connect it to the water inlet 22 of the probe with a section of the first silicone tube 18, tighten it with a tube clamp, and connect it to the battery valve 19 A section of the first silicone tube 18 at the water outlet and a section of the first silicone tube 18 connected to the probe water inlet 22 are connected with a size conversion plastic interface 20, and connected to the water outlet of the monitoring probe 23 with the second silicone tube 24 ;

(d) Put a rubber sealing ring on the external thread 2, connect the first main pipe 28 to the water inlet chamber pipe, determine the number of the second main pipe 29 according to the depth inserted into the sediment layer, and put rubber seals in each main pipe The circle is rotated;

(e) Put a rubber sealing ring on the external thread 2 of the cone head section, screw the cone head section into the water inlet chamber pipe 27, and insert a thin iron rod into the rod hole 34 to tighten it;

(f) Put a rubber sealing ring on the external thread 2 of the variable diameter adapter pipe 30, screw it into the main pipe, and connect the extension pipe 31 at the small diameter end;

(g) Finally, put the T-shaped handle 32 on the uppermost extension rod 31, pass the cable 25, the second silicone tube 24, and the battery valve power line 21 through each tube, and extend the monitoring instrument from the through hole 11 of the T-shaped handle Outside.

The pore water monitoring method provided in this embodiment is as follows:

(a) At the predetermined sampling and testing location, measure the water depth and determine the depth of the instrument inserted into the sediment layer, and determine the number of the first main pipe 28, the second main pipe 29 and the extension pipe 31;

(b) According to the above assembly process, assemble the conical head section, the water inlet chamber pipe 27, the filter layer 35, the accessory mounting frame 26, the first main pipe 28, the corresponding number of second main pipes 29, and the variable diameter adapter pipe 30 in the Together, apply sealed vacuum silicone grease, and then tie it into the round hole 10 of the instrument lifting disc 9 with a cable, and slowly hang it into the seawater. After reaching the corresponding water depth and the instrument is stable, increase the number of extension tubes 31, until the instrument is placed on the seabed;

(c) Put the T-shaped handle 32 on the extension tube 31, and press the monitoring instrument into the sediment layer by its own weight. If the sediment layer is hard, hit the T-shaped handle 32 with a hammer to insert the instrument into the sediment layer to a predetermined depth ;

(d) Connect the live wire and neutral wire of the cable 25 and the battery valve power wire 21 to the power supply, connect the other wires of the cable 25 to the probe display, and connect to the notebook computer through the RS485 communication interface; connect the second silicone tube 24 to the regulator Fast peristaltic pump;

(e) If the monitoring position is close to the shore, the water depth is shallow, and the wind and waves are small, fix it by its own weight; if the wave at the monitoring position disturbs the instrument greatly, fix the cable tied to the round hole 10 in the sea. bed to enhance the anti-wave capability of the instrument;

(f) Start monitoring: connect the solenoid valve 19 to open, and let the peristaltic pump start to work, so that the pore water slowly enters the water inlet chamber tube 27 at a certain speed, and when the material composition data in the notebook computer changes, start to automatically Record the data measured by the monitoring probe 23 to realize continuous and fast monitoring of pore water material composition data; wherein the solenoid valve 19 is a solenoid valve that is normally open when powered on and closed when powered off. When the instrument is inserted into a predetermined depth, although the outside water The pressure increase will compress the volume of the air in the water inlet chamber pipe 27, so that the seawater outside the instrument enters the chamber, but the electromagnetic valve 19 is closed, and the water inlet chamber pipe 27 has a small volume, plus a filter layer 35 barrier, the amount of seawater entering the water inlet chamber pipe 27 is very small, and has little influence on the monitoring results;

(g) If multi-layer monitoring is required, it is necessary to monitor the instrument from the upper layer to the lower layer. Before going deep, close the solenoid valve, use the peristaltic pump to pump out the pore water in the water passage of the instrument, and repeat the previous step after entering the lower layer. Steps to monitor or collect pore water;

(h) After the monitoring is completed, disconnect the cable and silicone tube connected to the electronic equipment, and use the cable to pull the instrument up and away from the sediment layer. If the instrument cannot be pulled out manually, the crane on the ship is required to pull the instrument out , and detach the extension tube 31 to recover the instrument.

(i) The recovered instrument is disassembled and washed with distilled water.

The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. All modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the monitoring instrument for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water, it is characterized in that: comprise the conehead section from bottom to top connected by threaded coaxial, chamber pipe (27) of intaking, the first supervisor (28), the second supervisor (29), reducing transfer tube (30), extension tube (31), T-shaped handle (32)

The tube wall of described water inlet chamber pipe (27) is symmetrically arranged with the water inlet (5) of band filtering layer (35), be welded with a seal diaphragm (33) near first supervisor (28) side in the inner chamber of described water inlet chamber pipe (27), the chamber described dividing plate (33) being provided with the inner chamber being communicated with water inlet chamber pipe (27) crosses the mouth of a river (6);

In the inner chamber of described first supervisor (28), from top to down is fixedly installed monitoring probe (23) and solenoid valve (19), the entrance of described solenoid valve (19) connects chamber by one section of first silicone tube (18) and crosses the mouth of a river (6), export the probe water inlet (22) being connected monitoring probe (23) by size conversion plastic interface (20) and another section first silicone tube (18), described monitoring probe (23) water delivering orifice is by being responsible for (28) through first successively, second supervisor (29), extension tube (31), second silicone tube (24) of the through hole (11) of T-shaped handle (32) connects speed governing peristaltic pump.

2. the monitoring instrument for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described first supervisor (28), be provided with the accessory erecting frame (26) for fixing described monitoring probe (23) and described solenoid valve (19), described accessory erecting frame (26) comprises the iron plate (17) that vertical symmetrically arranged xsect is arc, be fixed on described iron plate (17) top successively, the C shape upper mounted plate (16) of middle and bottom and middle fixed head (15) and circular base plate (14), described circular base plate (14) is provided with for described Motionless electromagnetic valve (19) bottom screw hole (12) and describedly cross the bottom hole (13) passed at the mouth of a river (6) for chamber.

3. the monitoring instrument for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described conehead section comprises coaxial solid conehead (1) and ladder solid cylinder (4), described ladder solid cylinder (4) butt end is provided with external thread (2), and described ladder solid cylinder (4) taper end is provided with pole perforating hole (34).

4. the monitoring instrument for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inwall at described water inlet chamber pipe (27) two ends is provided with internal thread (3), on the tube wall of described water inlet chamber pipe (27), relatively described water inlet (5) goes out to be provided with the groove (7) for installing described filtering layer (35), and the bottom of described groove is provided with the screw hole (8) for fixing described filtering layer (35).

5., according to the monitoring instrument for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water that claim 4 is stated, it is characterized in that: described filtering layer (35) is made up of four layers of filtering layer from outside to inside: the polypropylene microporous filter membrane of 3mm aperture circular hole net, 0.5mm ~ 0.063mm fine pore stainless steel filter screen, 2 micron pore size, 3mm aperture circular hole net.

6. the monitoring instrument for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper end inwall of described reducing transfer tube (30) is provided with the internal thread (3) connecting described extension tube (31), lower end is provided with the external thread (2) that (29) are responsible in connection second, the middle part of described reducing transfer tube (30) is fixedly installed instrument and draws and hang disk (9), and described instrument draws to hang on disk (9) and is provided with along the equally distributed circular hole of its concentric circles (10).

7., for a monitoring method for offshore and estuarine deposit pore water, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

A (), in predetermined sample detecting place, sounds the depth of the water and determines that instrument inserts the sedimentary deposit degree of depth, determine that described first supervisor (28), second is responsible for the quantity of (29) and extension tube (31);

B conehead section, water inlet chamber pipe (27), filtering layer (35), accessory erecting frame (26), described first supervisor (28), described second supervisor (29) of respective numbers, reducing transfer tube (30) fit together by (), and coat the vacuum silicon grease of sealing, tying up instrument with hawser again draws in the circular hole (10) hanging disk (9), slowly hang in seawater, arrive respective water depth and instrument reach stable after, increase the quantity of extension tube (31) again, until instrument is put into sea bed;

C () is inserted in T-shaped handle (32) in extension tube (31), monitoring instrument be pressed in sedimentary deposit by deadweight, if sedimentary deposit is comparatively hard, then uses the T-shaped handle of hammer (32), makes instrument insert predetermined depth in sedimentary deposit;

D the live wire of cable (25) is connected with power supply with zero line and battery valve power lead (21) by (), other wiring access probe display of cable (25), and connects in notebook computer by RS485 communication interface; By in the second silicone tube (24) access speed governing peristaltic pump;

If e () monitoring location offshore is comparatively near, the depth of water is shallow, and stormy waves is little, then the weight by self is fixed; If on monitoring location wave to instrument produce comparatively large disturbances time, the hawser tied up on circular hole (10) is fixed on sea bed, to strengthen the anti-wave ability of instrument;

F () starts monitoring: allow solenoid valve (19) connect electricity and open, and allow peristaltic pump start working, pore water is made slowly to enter into water chamber pipe (27) according to certain speed, change to some extent Deng material composition data in notebook computer, start automatically to record the measured data of monitoring probe (23), realize continuously pore water material composition data monitoring fast;

G () if desired carries out multilayer monitoring, order instrument being deep into lower floor from upper strata is then needed to monitor, by closed electromagnetic valve deeply, utilize peristaltic pump to extract instrument out and cross pore water in aquaporin, repeat previous step after entering lower floor and carry out pore water monitoring or collection;

H the cable and silicone tube that connect electronic equipment, after monitoring completes, disconnect, utilize hawser that instrument is up pulled away from sedimentary deposit, collection apparatus by ().