CN108333085B - Photoelectric vertical line sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation - Google Patents
Photoelectric vertical line sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation Download PDFInfo
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photoelectric vertical line sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation, which belongs to the technical field of sand content detection and comprises a light source, a light-emitting control circuit, a capacitance control circuit, a color sensor, a color control circuit, a data acquisition and processing unit, a data transmission module and a computer control and data analysis device, wherein the light-emitting control circuit is connected with the light source, the light source is divided into two paths through a spectroscope, one path of light is directly captured by a detector, and the other path of light is captured by the detector after being refracted or reflected by water-sand mixed liquid. The invention adopts a sand content detection method combining a plurality of photoelectric sensors, a capacitance sensor and a color sensor, is particularly suitable for measuring the sand content in a laboratory and a field, and can synchronously measure the sand content distribution condition of a section or a vertical line to be measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sand content detection method, in particular to a photoelectric vertical line sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation, and belongs to the technical field of sand content detection.
Background
In a river channel or the ocean, the process of recovering saturation of suspended load sediment is a supplement-exchange-coarsening coupling process between suspended load and bed sediment particles, and in a test or an original observed quantity, basic tracks of the movement of the sediment close to a bottom layer, distribution of the sediment content of a cross section and other factors need to be observed, and the sediment content of one cross section or a certain vertical line of the cross section needs to be measured. The photoelectric sand content measuring method has mature technology, simple structure and small volume, is the sand content measuring method with the widest application range and the highest acceptance degree at present, but the existing photoelectric sand content measuring method can not meet the measuring requirements of wide range and high precision mainly due to the following reasons:
(1) most of the existing sand content measuring methods are point-type measuring methods, if the sand content distribution condition of a certain section or a vertical line in a water body needs to be measured, a plurality of sand content measuring instruments need to be placed, so that turbulence can be seriously damaged, and sampling by a plurality of measuring methods cannot be synchronously acquired, so that the sand content measuring result is distorted.
(2) The photoelectric method for measuring the sand content is influenced by factors such as the size, the color and even the refractive index of the measured particles, is particularly poor in the measurement range of gray, black and white particles, and influences the application range, the measurement range and the measurement accuracy of the method.
(3) The photoelectric method has a limited range for measuring the sand content, and cannot be applied to the sand content detection under the conditions of flocculation state, ultrahigh sand content and viscosity, so that the application range of the method is influenced.
At present, the photoelectric method on the market measures the sand content of a certain point, and cannot meet the requirement of measuring the sand content of a section and a vertical line, so the invention provides a method for reasonably designing a photoelectric structure, increasing a plurality of photoelectric measurement points, ensuring that the plurality of measurement points are focused on the same straight line, and realizing the measurement of the sand content on the same line. Common photoelectric measurement methods include a transmission method, a 90-degree scattering method, a 135-degree scattering method, and a measurement method combining the transmission method and the 90-degree scattering method. In the process of earlier research, the transmission method is suitable for measuring the sand content of medium concentration, the 90-degree scattering method is suitable for measuring the sand content of low concentration, and the 135-degree scattering method is insensitive to the detection of the low sand content and is only suitable for the medium and high sand content, so that the 135-degree scattering method is added on the basis of the 90-degree scattering method to expand the measuring range of the sand content. Because the photoelectric sand content measurement is single-point measurement at present, the invention provides that a plurality of groups of light source emitting LEDs, 90-degree scattering receiving LEDs and 135-degree scattering receiving LEDs are combined to realize the vertical line measurement of the sand content of the water body. And because the photoelectric method is used for measuring the sand content and is greatly influenced by the color of the particles, the invention provides that a color sensor is additionally adopted to perform color sensing on underwater particles so as to provide color compensation for the sand content. And because the medium particles in the water body are uneven, some sand samples can generate flocculation phenomenon in the water body, and the accuracy of the photoelectric measurement is reduced, so that a capacitance sensor needs to be added, and the test data is more accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a photoelectric vertical line sand content detection system and method with capacitance and color compensation, which have the advantages of large measurement range and high reliability.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a photoelectric vertical sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation is implemented by a photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation, the photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation comprises a light-emitting control circuit, a light source, a first detector, a data acquisition and processing unit, a capacitance control circuit, a capacitance sensor, a color control circuit, a color sensor, a data transmission module and a computer control and data analysis device, the computer control and data analysis device is respectively and electrically connected with the light-emitting control circuit, the data acquisition and processing unit, the capacitance control circuit, the color control circuit and the data transmission module, the light-emitting control circuit is connected with the light source, the data acquisition and processing unit is also respectively and electrically connected with a second detector and a third detector, the light source is divided into two paths of same light beams by the spectroscope, the first detector receives the light beams directly obtained by the light source through the spectroscope, the second detector and the third detector receive the light beams refracted or reflected by the water-sand mixed liquid, the capacitance control circuit is electrically connected with the capacitance sensor, the color control circuit is electrically connected with the color sensor, and the data acquisition processing unit is electrically connected with the data transmission module;
the detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: controlling a light source to be in an open state, and respectively acquiring light source reference light intensity data, 90-degree angle scattering light intensity data and 135-degree angle scattering light intensity data;
step 2: controlling the light source to be in a closed state, and respectively collecting the three paths of light intensity data;
and step 3: the difference light intensity of the two is respectively calculated, so that the influence of the dark current of the photoelectric detector on the test is eliminated;
and 4, step 4: for the three paths of difference data, dividing the three paths of difference data by using the reference light intensity as a denominator, calculating a relative value, and eliminating the influence of the light intensity fluctuation of the reference light on the test;
and 5: taking the light intensity of the angle of 90 degrees as reference, selecting a certain weighting factor, and comparing the light intensity value of the angle of 90 degrees with the light intensity value of the angle of 135 degrees for operation, wherein the result is used as a measured value of the sand content;
step 6: repeating the steps, and calculating a plurality of groups of content measurement values;
and 7: controlling the color sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the color sensor, and correcting the sand content measurement result for one time;
and 8: and controlling the capacitance sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the capacitance sensor and the data of the temperature sensor, correcting the data of the capacitance sensor, and performing secondary correction calculation on the result of the numerical value of the sand content.
Preferably, the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are all optical fiber sensors, each optical fiber sensor is composed of an optical fiber and a photosensor element, each optical fiber includes a 90-degree optical fiber and a 135-degree optical fiber, an extending direction of the 90-degree optical fiber forms a 90-degree angle with an irradiation light direction, and an extending direction of the 135-degree optical fiber forms a 135-degree angle with the irradiation light direction.
Preferably, the light source is an infrared LED lamp or a laser LED lamp, and comprises an LED lamp emitting light source, a 90-degree LED lamp receiving module and a 135-degree LED lamp receiving module.
Preferably, infrared LED lamp with laser LED lamp all includes the LED lamp and sets up the lens in LED lamp the place ahead, and LED lamp light is parallel light through the lens refraction.
Preferably, the LED lamp emitting light source, the 90-degree LED lamp receiving module and the 135-degree LED lamp receiving module are all composed of a plurality of same light source emitting modules and receiving modules, and the intersection points of the modules form a detection surface.
Preferably, the capacitance sensor senses and measures the dielectric constant in the water body and is connected with the temperature compensation module.
Preferably, the color sensor senses the color of particles in the water body, provides color supplement for the computer control and data analysis device, and reduces the influence of the color of the particles on the measurement result.
Preferably, the photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation further comprises a display unit, the display unit is used for displaying the sand content data of each measuring point of the vertical line segment in real time, the display unit is respectively and electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing unit and the computer control and data analysis device, the data acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring analog signals output by the capacitance sensor and the color sensor, performing digital-to-analog conversion and modulation amplification on the analog signals, and is transmitted to the computer control and data analysis device through a data transmission module, the computer control and data analysis device is used for controlling the data acquisition and processing unit to acquire data through the data transmission module, and the acquired data is calculated to obtain the data of the sand content of multiple points on the vertical line, and the data is displayed through the display unit.
Further, in the step 8, a linear interpolation method is adopted to interpolate the sand content between the measurement points which is not in the measurement range, so as to obtain an estimated value, thereby obtaining the sand content data and the sand content distribution trend chart of the detection surface.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. according to the photoelectric vertical sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation of the invention, comparing the sand content of the same section measured by using a plurality of traditional single-point photoelectric sand contents and the sand content of the vertical line of the multi-sensor, for comparative analysis of data obtained at each detection point in an experiment, a plurality of single-point sand content measuring instruments are traditionally used for measuring the sand content of a detection surface, a plurality of instruments are superposed on the same section, the water flow direction and the sand content distribution of the detection points are seriously influenced, the detection and measurement accuracy is low, the photoelectric vertical line sand content detection system and method with capacitance and color compensation are adopted, the sensors are compact, scientific and reasonably arranged, the size is small, turbulence is avoided, and errors between measurement results of detection surface measurement and actual experiment calculation are small, so that the method has great breakthrough in measurement of the sand content concentration of the section measured by the photoelectric method. The capacitance sensor and the color sensor are additionally arranged, even if the harsh conditions of black and gray sand sample measurement, uneven sand grain size, particle flocculation, adhesion and the like in water are measured, very accurate results and a wide measurement range can be obtained, the practical value is very high, and the performance of measuring the sand content by a photoelectric method is also greatly improved.
2. The photoelectric vertical line sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation provided by the invention can improve the efficiency and precision of acquisition and recognition of the model riverbed form, realize the automatic and micro-interference measurement function of the distribution of the concentration of suspended sediment along the on-way vertical line, realize the intelligent measurement of the movement of the suspended sediment in the model test, and avoid the errors and low efficiency caused by excessive human factors. The method can provide more accurate experimental data for the research of the microscopic movement law of suspended sediment, the unsaturated sediment transport process and the like, and greatly promote the development progress of the fields of the research of the basic movement law of sediment and the evolution mechanism of a riverbed, the simulation of the unbalanced sediment transport process and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of a photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a sensor connection structure of a photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-luminescence control circuit, 2-light source, 3-detector, 4-detector, 5-detector, 6-data acquisition and processing unit, 7-capacitance control circuit, 8-capacitance sensor, 9-color control circuit, 10-color sensor, 11-data transmission module, 12-computer control and data analysis device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clear and definite for those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation provided in this embodiment includes a light-emitting control circuit 1, a light source 2, a first detector 3, a data acquisition and processing unit 6, a capacitance control circuit 7, a capacitance sensor 8, a color control circuit 9, a color sensor 10, a data transmission module 11, and a computer control and data analysis device 12, where the computer control and data analysis device 12 is respectively electrically connected to the light-emitting control circuit 1, the data acquisition and processing unit 6, the capacitance control circuit 7, the color control circuit 9, and the data transmission module 11, the light-emitting control circuit 1 is connected to the light source 2, the data acquisition and processing unit 6 is also respectively electrically connected to a second detector 4 and a third detector 5, the light source 2 is divided into two paths of the same light beams by a beam splitter, the first detector 3 receives the light beam that light source 2 directly obtained through the spectroscope, the second detector 4 with the light beam after the mixed liquid refraction of water and sand or reflection is received to the third detector 5, capacitance control circuit 7 with capacitance sensor 8 electricity is connected, color control circuit 9 with color sensor 10 electricity is connected, data acquisition processing unit 6 with data transmission module 11 electricity is connected.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, each of the first detector 3, the second detector 4, and the third detector 5 is an optical fiber sensor, the optical fiber sensor is composed of an optical fiber and a photosensor element, the optical fiber includes a 90-degree optical fiber and a 135-degree optical fiber, an extending direction of the 90-degree optical fiber forms an angle of 90 degrees with an irradiation light direction, and an extending direction of the 135-degree optical fiber forms an angle of 135 degrees with the irradiation light direction.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the light source 2 is an infrared LED lamp or a laser LED lamp, and includes an LED lamp emitting light source, a 90-degree LED lamp receiving module, and a 135-degree LED lamp receiving module; the infrared LED lamp and the laser LED lamp respectively comprise an LED lamp and a lens arranged in front of the LED lamp, and light rays of the LED lamp are refracted into parallel light rays through the lens; the LED lamp transmitting light source, the 90-degree angle LED lamp receiving module and the 135-degree angle LED lamp receiving module are all composed of a plurality of same light source transmitting modules and receiving modules, and the intersection points of the modules form a detection surface.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the capacitance sensor 8 senses and measures a dielectric constant in the water body, and is connected to the temperature compensation module to provide compensation for the system under the condition that the measured sand sample has flocculation, viscosity or high sand content, and the color sensor 10 senses the color of the particles in the water body to provide color supplement for the computer control and data analysis device 12, so as to reduce the influence of the particle color on the measurement result.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the device further includes a display unit, the display unit is configured to display the sand content data of each measurement point of the vertical line segment in real time, the display unit is respectively and electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing unit 6 and the computer control and data analysis device 12, the data acquisition and processing unit 6 is used for acquiring analog signals output by the capacitance sensor 8 and the color sensor 10, performing digital-to-analog conversion and modulation amplification on the analog signals, and transmitted to the computer control and data analysis device 12 through the data transmission module 11, the computer control and data analysis device 12 is used for controlling the data acquisition and processing unit 6 to acquire data through the data transmission module 11, and the acquired data is calculated to obtain the data of the sand content of multiple points on the vertical line, and the data is displayed through the display unit.
Further, in this embodiment, the method for detecting sand content in a photoelectric vertical line with capacitance and color compensation provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: controlling an LED light source to be in an open state, and respectively collecting light source reference light intensity data, 90-degree angle scattering light intensity data and 135-degree angle scattering light intensity data;
step 2: controlling the LED light source to be in a closed state, and respectively collecting the three paths of light intensity data;
and step 3: the difference light intensity of the two is respectively calculated, so that the influence of the dark current of the photoelectric detector on the test is eliminated;
and 4, step 4: for the three paths of difference data, dividing the three paths of difference data by using the reference light intensity as a denominator, calculating a relative value, and eliminating the influence of the light intensity fluctuation of the reference light on the test;
and 5: taking the light intensity of the angle of 90 degrees as reference, selecting a certain weighting factor, and comparing the light intensity value of the angle of 90 degrees with the light intensity value of the angle of 135 degrees for operation, wherein the result is used as a measured value of the sand content;
step 6: repeating the steps, and calculating a plurality of groups of content measurement values;
and 7: controlling the color sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the color sensor, and correcting the sand content measurement result for one time;
and 8: and controlling the capacitance sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the capacitance sensor and the data of the temperature sensor, correcting the data of the capacitance sensor, and performing secondary correction calculation on the result of the numerical value of the sand content.
Further, in this embodiment, in step 8, a linear interpolation method is adopted to interpolate the sand content between the measurement points that is not in the measurement range, so as to obtain an estimated value, thereby obtaining the sand content data and the sand content distribution trend chart of the detection surface.
Further, in this embodiment, the light source is an infrared LED lamp or a laser LED, and includes an LED lamp emitting light source, a 90-degree LED lamp receiving module, and a 135-degree LED lamp receiving module. The light source comprises an LED lamp and a lens arranged in front of the LED lamp, and light rays of the LED lamp are refracted into parallel light rays through the lens. The LED lamp cold light source is adopted, so that the luminous efficiency is high, the stability is good, long-time irradiation is realized, and the temperature characteristic is good.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the transmitting light source LED lamp, the 90-degree angle LED lamp receiving module, and the 135-degree angle LED lamp receiving module are composed of a plurality of same light source transmitting modules and receiving modules, and the intersection of these modules forms a detection surface, which improves the accuracy of the sand content measurement of the underwater cross-section line.
Further, in this embodiment, the capacitance sensor senses and measures the dielectric constant in the water body, and the temperature compensation module is added to improve the accuracy of the capacitance sensor, so that the influence on the measurement result under the conditions of particle size, flocculation of particles in water, viscosity and the like is reduced.
Further, in this embodiment, the color sensor senses the color of particles in the water body, provides color supplement for the photoelectric module, and reduces the influence of the color of the particles on the measurement result.
Further, in this embodiment, the method for measuring the sand content in the vertical line of the multi-sensor further comprises a data acquisition and processing unit, a computer control and data analysis and display unit, and the like; the data acquisition and processing unit is used for acquiring analog signals output by the optical sensor element, the capacitance sensor element and the color sensor element, performing digital-to-analog conversion and modulation amplification on the analog signals, and transmitting the analog signals to the computer control and data analysis module through the data transmission module. And the computer control and data analysis device is used for controlling the data acquisition circuit to acquire data through the data transmission module, calculating the acquired data, acquiring multipoint sand content data on a vertical line, and displaying the multipoint sand content data through the display unit.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the photoelectric vertical sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation comprises a light-emitting control circuit 1, light sources 2a and 2b, detectors 3a,3b,4a,4b,5a and 5b, a capacitance control circuit 7, a capacitance sensor 8, a color control circuit 9, a color sensor 10, a data acquisition and processing unit 6, a data transmission module 11, and a computer control and data analysis device 12.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the photodetectors 3a,3b,4a,4b,5a,5b are composed of optical fibers and photosensor elements, wherein the photodetectors 3a,3b respectively receive the reference light source split by the light sources 2a,2b via the beam splitter, and the receiving directions of the photodetectors 4a,4b are 90 degrees with respect to the light direction of the corresponding light sources 2a,2 b. The receiving direction of the detectors 5a,5b is 135 degrees to the corresponding light direction of the light sources 2a,2 b. The light sources 2a and 2b comprise LED lamps and lenses arranged in front of the LED lamps, and light rays emitted by the LED lamps are refracted into parallel light source light rays through the lenses. According to the method, a plurality of groups of light sources, 90-degree detectors and 135-degree detectors are arranged according to actual measurement requirements to form a vertical sand content detector, so that sand content data on a detection surface can be measured.
Further, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the computer control and data analysis device 12 is configured to control the operating states of the light-emitting control circuit 1, the capacitance control circuit 7, the color control circuit 9 and the data acquisition and processing unit 6, where the data acquisition and processing unit 6 is configured to acquire analog signals output by the multi-channel light source detector, analog signals output by the pressure sensor and analog signals output by the color sensor, perform digital-to-analog conversion and modulation amplification on the analog signals, and transmit the analog signals to the computer control and data analysis device 12 through the data transmission module 11 (e.g., a wireless/wired network); and the computer control and data analysis device 12 is used for controlling the data acquisition circuit to acquire data through the data transmission network, calculating the acquired data and displaying the sand content according to the calculation result.
Further, in this embodiment, the computer control and data analysis device 12 performs the following steps (1) to control the LED light source to be in the on state, and respectively collect the reference light intensity data of the light source, the 90-degree scattering light intensity data, and the 135-degree scattering light intensity data; (2) controlling the LED light source to be in a closed state, and respectively collecting the three paths of light intensity data; (3) the difference light intensity of the two is respectively calculated, so that the influence of the dark current of the photoelectric detector on the test is effectively eliminated; 4) for the three paths of difference data, dividing the difference data by using the reference light intensity as a denominator, and calculating a relative value, so that the influence of the light intensity fluctuation of the reference light on the test is eliminated; (5) and taking the light intensity of the angle of 90 degrees as reference, selecting a certain weighting factor, and comparing the light intensity value of the angle of 90 degrees with the light intensity value of the angle of 135 degrees to obtain a result as a measured value of the sand content. (5) Repeating the steps, and calculating a plurality of groups of content measurement values; the method comprises the following steps of (1) controlling a color sensor to be in a working state by technical measures (6) for realizing multipoint perpendicular line measurement, reading the numerical value of the color sensor, and correcting the measurement result of the sand content once; (7) controlling the capacitance sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the capacitance sensor and the data of the temperature sensor, correcting the data of the capacitance sensor, and performing secondary correction calculation on the result of the numerical value of the sand content; the step is a technical measure for improving the application range and the measurement accuracy of the photoelectric measurement method.
Further, in this embodiment, the measurement principle of the measurement system for sand content in vertical lines of various sensors is as follows: because the invention selects infrared light or infrared laser, the light wave length is far less than the grain diameter of sand grains in water, when the diameter of suspended particles is more than or equal to the length of incident light wave, the scattered light intensity in each direction is basically equal, and can be expressed by Mie law as formula (1), namely:
IMscat＝KMANIsrc (1)
in the formula IsrcIs the intensity of incident light, IMscatIs the Mie scattered light intensity, KMAnd (3) representing the Mie scattering coefficient, wherein A represents the surface area of suspended particles, and N represents the number of suspended particles in unit volume of water. It can be seen that, at a constant incident light intensity and a fixed wavelength, the scattered light intensity is proportional to the total amount of sand in the water, i.e., proportional to the amount of sand in the water. The intensity of Mie scattered light is related to the angular distribution. Backscatter detection is achieved by placing the detector at a position in the range of 135 to 180 degrees relative to the incident ray. The angle is sensitive to the back scattering light, reflects the characteristics of medium and high sand content, and is not sensitive to low sand content. A 90 detection is a commonly used detection angle because of its greater sensitivity to particle size. It is very sensitive to color interference and very useful for low sand detection. The invention selects 90-degree scattered light and 135-degree scattered light, and has important theoretical basis for improving the sensitivity of low sand content test and the reliability of high sand content test.
Further, in this embodiment, the light source emits a light beam to irradiate the sand-containing water sample, and the 90-degree detector and the 135-degree detector are irradiated with the light beam to obtain intensity changes of the 90-degree scattered light intensity and the 135-degree scattered light intensity, so that real-time changes of the sand content in the water can be converted into electric signals with different sizes. The electric signal with sand content is filtered, amplified and other processed in the signal collecting and modulating circuit and then output to the single chip. The single chip transmits data to the computer through the output transmission module (wired/wireless network), and the upper computer is the control center of the whole system and takes the tasks of sending instructions and processing data.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to measure the sand content on a certain detection surface, the invention obtains the sand content distribution on a vertical line by adding a plurality of sets of light sources, 90-degree detectors and 135-degree detectors in pairs, and in order to increase the continuity of the measurement points, a linear interpolation method is adopted to estimate the sand content data between the detection points on the vertical line according to actual needs, thereby improving the visibility of the detection result.
Further, in this embodiment, in order to increase the accuracy of measuring sand samples such as gray, black, etc. by using a photoelectric method, the invention adds a color sensor to obtain the color of particles in water, so as to correct the detection result of sand content, thereby improving the measurement range of sand content.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to increase the reliability of the sand content detection result under the condition of uneven particles, flocculation, sticky or transparent sand particles, the invention proposes to correct the sand content detection result by using a capacitance method. The sand and water mixture is actually a solid-liquid two-phase statistical mixture, and the measured sand content change can be converted into the capacitance change by using the variable dielectric constant capacitive sensor principle by utilizing the electro-physical characteristic of the dielectric constant difference caused by the sand and water mixture. In order to verify the reliability of the method, under the same condition, water-sand mixed liquor consisting of uneven sand-like particles is randomly prepared, one group only obtains sand content values obtained by 90-degree scattering and 135-degree scattering, and the other group carries out compensation correction on a capacitance sensor on the basis. Therefore, the method for detecting the sand content by multiple sensors together can be more suitable for various test environments, and has certain advantages.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the photoelectric vertical sand content detection system and method with capacitance and color compensation provided in the present embodiment, comparing the sand content of the same section measured by using a plurality of traditional single-point photoelectric sand contents and the sand content of the vertical line of the multi-sensor, for comparative analysis of data obtained at each detection point in an experiment, a plurality of single-point sand content measuring instruments are conventionally used for measuring the sand content of a detection surface, a plurality of instruments are superposed on the same section, the water flow direction and the sand content of the detection point are seriously influenced, the detection and measurement accuracy is low, the photoelectric vertical line sand content detection system and method with capacitance and color compensation are adopted, the sensors are compact, scientific and reasonably arranged, the size is small, turbulence is avoided, and errors between measurement results of detection surface measurement and actual experiment calculation are small, so that the method has great breakthrough in measurement of the sand content concentration of the section measured by the photoelectric method. The capacitance sensor and the color sensor are added simultaneously, even under the harsh conditions of measuring black and gray sand samples, uneven sand sizes, particle flocculation in water and the like, very accurate results and a wider measurement range can be obtained, the practical value is very high, and the performance of measuring the sand content by a photoelectric method is also greatly improved.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the photoelectric vertical line sand content detection system and method with capacitance and color compensation provided by this embodiment can improve efficiency and accuracy of acquisition and recognition of model riverbed morphology, and realize automatic and micro-interference measurement functions of suspended sediment concentration along the in-process vertical line, so that it can achieve intelligent measurement of suspended sediment movement in the model test, and avoid errors and low efficiency caused by excessive human factors. The method can provide more accurate experimental data for the research of the microscopic movement law of suspended sediment, the unsaturated sediment transport process and the like, and greatly promote the development progress of the fields of the research of the basic movement law of sediment and the evolution mechanism of a riverbed, the simulation of the unbalanced sediment transport process and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and its conception within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A photoelectric vertical line sand content detection method with capacitance and color compensation is characterized in that: the photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with the capacitance and color compensation function comprises a light-emitting control circuit (1), a light source (2), a first detector (3), a data acquisition and processing unit (6), a capacitance control circuit (7), a capacitance sensor (8), a color control circuit (9), a color sensor (10), a data transmission module (11) and a computer control and data analysis device (12), wherein the computer control and data analysis device (12) is respectively and electrically connected with the light-emitting control circuit (1), the data acquisition and processing unit (6), the capacitance control circuit (7), the color control circuit (9) and the data transmission module (11), and the light-emitting control circuit (1) is connected with the light source (2), the data acquisition and processing unit (6) is also electrically connected with a second detector (4) and a third detector (5) respectively, the light source (2) is divided into two paths of same light beams by a spectroscope, the first detector (3) receives the light beams directly obtained by the light source (2) through the spectroscope, the second detector (4) and the third detector (5) receive the light beams refracted or reflected by water-sand mixed liquid, the capacitance control circuit (7) is electrically connected with the capacitance sensor (8), the color control circuit (9) is electrically connected with the color sensor (10), and the data acquisition and processing unit (6) is electrically connected with the data transmission module (11);
the detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: controlling a light source to be in an open state, and respectively acquiring light source reference light intensity data, 90-degree angle scattering light intensity data and 135-degree angle scattering light intensity data;
step 2: controlling the light source to be in a closed state, and respectively collecting the three paths of light intensity data;
and step 3: the difference light intensity of the two is respectively calculated, so that the influence of the dark current of the photoelectric detector on the test is eliminated;
and 4, step 4: for the three paths of difference data, dividing the three paths of difference data by using the reference light intensity as a denominator, calculating a relative value, and eliminating the influence of the light intensity fluctuation of the reference light on the test;
and 5: taking the light intensity of the angle of 90 degrees as reference, selecting a certain weighting factor, and comparing the light intensity value of the angle of 90 degrees with the light intensity value of the angle of 135 degrees for operation, wherein the result is used as a measured value of the sand content;
step 6: repeating the steps, and calculating a plurality of groups of content measurement values;
and 7: controlling the color sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the color sensor, and correcting the sand content measurement result for one time;
and 8: and controlling the capacitance sensor to be in a working state, reading the numerical value of the capacitance sensor and the data of the temperature sensor, correcting the data of the capacitance sensor, and performing secondary correction calculation on the result of the numerical value of the sand content.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: first detector (3) second detector (4) with third detector (5) are optical fiber sensor, optical fiber sensor comprises optical fiber and photosensor original paper, optical fiber includes 90 degrees optical fiber and 135 degrees optical fiber, 90 degrees optical fiber's extending direction becomes 90 degrees angles with the light direction of shining, 135 degrees optical fiber's extending direction becomes 135 degrees angles with the light direction of shining.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the light source (2) is an infrared LED lamp or a laser LED lamp and comprises an LED lamp emitting light source, a 90-degree LED lamp receiving module and a 135-degree LED lamp receiving module.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the infrared LED lamp with the laser LED lamp all includes the LED lamp and sets up the lens in LED lamp the place ahead, and LED lamp light is parallel light through the lens refraction.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the LED lamp transmitting light source, the 90-degree angle LED lamp receiving module and the 135-degree angle LED lamp receiving module are all composed of a plurality of same light source transmitting modules and receiving modules, and the intersection points of the modules form a detection surface.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and the capacitance sensor (8) is used for sensing and measuring the dielectric constant in the water body and is connected with the temperature compensation module.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the color sensor (10) senses the color of particles in the water body, provides color supplement for the computer control and data analysis device (12), and reduces the influence of the particle color on the measurement result.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the photoelectric vertical sand content detection system with capacitance and color compensation further comprises a display unit, wherein the display unit is used for displaying sand content data of each measuring point of a vertical line segment in real time, the display unit is respectively electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing unit (6) and the computer control and data analysis device (12), the data acquisition and processing unit (6) is used for acquiring analog signals output by the capacitance sensor (8) and the color sensor (10), performing digital-to-analog conversion and modulation amplification on the analog signals, transmitting the analog signals to the computer control and data analysis device (12) through the data transmission module (11), and the computer control and data analysis device (12) is used for controlling the data acquisition and processing unit (6) to acquire data through the data transmission module (11) and calculating the acquired data, and acquiring the sand content data of multiple points on the vertical line, and displaying the data through the display unit.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step 8, a linear interpolation method is adopted to interpolate the sand content between the measurement points which is not in the measurement range, and an estimation value is obtained, so that the sand content data and the sand content distribution trend chart of the detection surface are obtained.
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| CN109883912A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-14 | 河海大学 | A kind of water body sediment concentration measuring device and method |
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