CN102305773A - Runoff sediment combination sensor, sediment content measuring device and method - Google Patents
Runoff sediment combination sensor, sediment content measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a runoff sediment combination sensor, a sediment content measuring device and a sediment content measuring method, and relates to the technical field of concentration measurement. The measuring device comprises the runoff sediment combination sensor and an upper computer, wherein the upper computer is connected with a power supply signal interface of the runoff sediment combination sensor, and is used for sending a control signal to a micro-processing unit to control a near-infrared tube emission array group to start emitting or stop emitting near-infrared light, receive a digital signal and calculate the sediment content according to the digital signal. In the runoff sediment combination sensor, sediment solution to be measured is transmitted by the near-infrared light emitted by the near-infrared tube emission array group, and the sediment content is calculated according to the degree of attenuation of infrared light received by a near-infrared tube receiving array group, so the accuracy of measuring the sediment content is improved; and the sediment content of different measuring ranges is calculated by matching the runoff sediment combination sensor with the upper computer and selecting different sensor signals, so the range of measuring the sediment content by a near-infrared method is enlarged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement of concetration technical field, particularly a kind of runoff and sediment combination sensor, sediment charge measurement mechanism and method.
Background technology
The method of measuring sediment charge in the prior art mainly is divided into following three kinds:
One, oven drying method.Oven drying method is to use the method for measuring sediment charge more widely.Its equipment is simple, and is easy to implement the method, and precision is very high, often is used as the standard of estimating additive method, but it is long to dry measuring period, and labour intensity is big, is inappropriate for frequent a large amount of measurement.In addition, can adopt alcohol combustion dry method in the open air when general experiment is accomplished, this method has certain requirement for the purity of alcohol, so also be easy to generate certain error.General step is: get containing of certain volume of husky water sample, put into the baking box heating behind the sedimentation and drawing and remove moisture (more than 105 ℃ of baking oven baking 24h), measure the silt quality after the cooling.This method be formulated as shown in the formula:
Wherein, ρ
vBe silt content (kg/m
3), W silt weight (kg), V is the husky mixing material volume of water (m
3).
Two, capacitance method.Capacitance measurement runoff silt content is to propose a kind of measuring method recently.Capacitance method utilizes that the variation of sediment charge causes this electrophysics character of its capacitor change in dielectric constant in the mud mixture, thereby measures silt content and change through measuring changes in capacitance.This measuring method of humans such as Li Xiaoyu has been developed the capacitive transducer of two kinds of versions: flat and coaxial circles cartridge type.Relation between silt content ρ and the sensor output U is:
Flat capacitor sensor ρ=4.18U-3168.41
Coaxial circles cartridge type capacitive transducer ρ=4.98U-5288.56
Experiment measuring the relation between the output of silt content and sensor in the runoff, and factors such as temperature, runoff velocity, soil type, soil salt content are to the influence of capacitive transducer response characteristic.The result shows that the output of sediment concentration and capacitive transducer is linear: the output of sensor increases with the rising of temperature gradually; Flow velocity, soil type, soil salt content influence smaller to the output of sensor.Between the capacity plate antenna, although do not satisfy monotonic functional relationship between its specific inductive capacity and the silt content, before silt content did not reach Bingham body, specific inductive capacity was monotone increasing trend with the variation of sediment charge.Nonlinearity erron through verification experimental verification flat capacitor sensor is 0.2%, and reproducibility error is 0.13%; The nonlinearity erron of coaxial circles cartridge type capacitive transducer is 0.1%, and reproducibility error is 0.1%.
The capacitive transducer principle is simple; And the capacitance measurement system simple structure, cost is low, safe in utilization, response speed is fast; But the electric capacity temperature influence is bigger; And electric capacity two ends output voltage raises with temperature, soil salt content and is non-linear increase trend, makes the measuring accuracy of capacitance method and applicable elements receive certain limitation.The sensor of still untapped suitable field monitoring process.
Three, supercritical ultrasonics technology.Supercritical ultrasonics technology is divided into ultrasonic attenuation method and supersonic reflection method.The ultrasonic attenuation ratio juris is: when ultrasound wave is propagated in medium; Because medium is to the divergence factor of hyperacoustic scattering, absorption and ultrasound wave self; The phenomenon that its energy (amplitude, the sound intensity etc.) reduces with the distance increase gradually is called hyperacoustic decay.Supercritical ultrasonics technology utilizes the sensor of this principle to measure hyperacoustic attenuation coefficient in the silt carrying flow, calculates the runoff silt content.Propose the ultrasonic attenuation method in the research of Fang Yanjun and comprise single pulsating wave amplitude method, ratioing technigue and area ratio method.The principle of supersonic reflection method is: utilize ultrasound wave because concentration of medium difference and degree of reflection is different, i.e. the relation that the not hyperacoustic simultaneously reflection meeting of silt content changes is thereupon measured the runoff silt content.Supersonic reflection method relatively is applicable to the measurement of low sand-carrying capacity, and measuring accuracy is higher, but measurement range is less: 0～3kg/m
3
When measuring silt content through supercritical ultrasonics technology, can be received for guaranteeing the signal of ultrasound wave after decay and scattering, its intensity can not be too small.When but ultrasonic intensity is big; When it passes suspended load solution; Ultrasound wave can produce " cavitation phenomenon " with sand grain generation interaction and influence sediment charge, also can cause the particle diameter composition that changes original suspended load particle than big sand grain pulverizing simultaneously.Calculate silt content with the formula that demarcation is good in advance and will produce error this moment.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: the measurement range of enlarged proximal infra-red method measurement sediment charge, covering low sand-carrying capacity be the high sediment concentration scope to the utmost point; Improve convenience and the accuracy of measuring sediment charge, and the automatic measurement that realizes runoff and sediment.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of runoff and sediment combination sensor, it is characterized in that said runoff and sediment combination sensor comprises: at least two silt sensors; Each silt sensor includes: microprocessing unit, near infrared pipe emission array group, near infrared pipe receiving array group, pretreatment unit and power supply signal interface.Said microprocessing unit is connected with said pretreatment unit and near infrared pipe emission array group, power supply signal interface respectively; Said pretreatment unit is connected with said near infrared pipe receiving array group, and the distance between the near infrared pipe emission array group of each runoff and sediment sensor and the near infrared pipe receiving array group is different;
Said microprocessing unit is used to control said near infrared pipe emission array group and begins emission or stop to launch near infrared light, receives the digital signal that said pretreatment unit sends, and this digital signal is forwarded to said power supply signal interface;
Said near infrared pipe emission array group is used to launch near infrared light;
Said near infrared pipe receiving array group is used to receive the near infrared light that said near infrared pipe emission array group is sent, and response signal is sent to said pretreatment unit;
Said pretreatment unit is used for said response signal is carried out signal amplification, filtering and analog/digital conversion successively, and the digital signal that is converted to is sent to said microprocessing unit.
Preferably; Each runoff and sediment sensor also comprises in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor: power amplification unit; Be arranged between said microprocessing unit and the said infrared transmitting tube group, be used to improve the light intensity of said near infrared pipe emission array near infrared light that group is launched.
Preferably; Each runoff and sediment sensor also comprises in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor: handle; Said microprocessing unit, pretreatment unit and power amplification unit are arranged in the said handle; Said near infrared pipe emission array group and near infrared pipe receiving array group are arranged at said handle one end; And against each other, said power supply signal interface is arranged at the said handle other end.
Preferably, said near infrared pipe emission array group is a plurality of near infrared pipe emission arrays, and said near infrared pipe receiving array group is and the corresponding a plurality of near infrared pipe receiving arraies of said a plurality of near infrared emission arrays.
The invention also discloses a kind of sediment charge measurement mechanism based on described runoff and sediment combination sensor; It is characterized in that; Comprise: runoff and sediment combination sensor and host computer; Said host computer is connected with the power supply signal interface of said runoff and sediment combination sensor; Be used to transmit control signal to microprocessing unit; Begin emission or stop to launch near infrared light to handle near infrared pipe emission array group; Receive the digital signal that said power supply signal interface sends, and select the sediment charge of the different ranges of different sensor calculated signals according to said digital signal.
The invention also discloses a kind of measuring method, may further comprise the steps based on described sediment charge measurement mechanism:
S1: host computer transmits control signal to microprocessing unit;
S2: said microprocessing unit starts near infrared pipe emission array group emission near infrared light;
S3: the near infrared light of near infrared pipe receiving array group of received near infrared pipe emission array group emission, and response signal is sent to pretreatment unit;
S4: said pretreatment unit is handled said response signal, and the digital signal that processing obtains is sent to host computer;
S5: said host computer calculates sediment charge according to said digital signal.
Preferably, also comprise step before the step S1:
S0: each runoff mud sensor in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor is demarcated respectively, to obtain the mapping relations between digital signal and the sediment charge.
(3) beneficial effect
The runoff and sediment combination sensor is through the transmission of near infra red light silt solution to be measured of near infrared pipe emission array group emission among the present invention; Attenuation degree according near infrared pipe receiving array group institute receiving infrared-ray light calculates sediment charge; Improved the accuracy of measuring sediment charge; And be used through runoff and sediment combination sensor and host computer, enlarge the near infrared collimation method and measured the measurement range of sediment charge and the automatic measurement that realizes runoff and sediment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart according to a runoff and sediment sensor in the runoff and sediment combination sensor of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the concrete structure synoptic diagram of a runoff and sediment sensor in the runoff and sediment combination sensor shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is a kind of concrete structure synoptic diagram of the sediment charge measurement mechanism based on runoff and sediment combination sensor shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, specific embodiments of the invention describes in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram according to a runoff and sediment sensor in the runoff and sediment combination sensor of one embodiment of the present invention; Comprise: microprocessing unit 1; Near infrared pipe emission array group 2; Near infrared pipe receiving array group 3; Pretreatment unit 4; And power supply signal interface 5; Said microprocessing unit 1 respectively with said pretreatment unit 4; And near infrared pipe emission array group 2; Power supply signal interface 5 connects; Said pretreatment unit 4 is connected with said near infrared pipe receiving array group 3, and the distance between the near infrared pipe emission array group 2 of each runoff and sediment sensor and the near infrared pipe receiving array group 3 is different;
Said microprocessing unit 1 is used to control said near infrared pipe emission array group 2 and begins emission or stop to launch near infrared light, receives the digital signal that said pretreatment unit 4 sends, and this digital signal is forwarded to said power supply signal interface 5;
Said near infrared pipe emission array group 2 is used to launch near infrared light;
Said near infrared pipe receiving array group 3 is used to receive the near infrared light that said near infrared pipe emission array group 2 is sent, and response signal is sent to said pretreatment unit 4;
Said pretreatment unit 4 is used for said response signal is carried out signal amplification, filtering and analog/digital conversion successively, and the digital signal that is converted to is sent to said microprocessing unit 1.
Said runoff and sediment combination sensor can work under civil power and solar cell (containing subsequent use) support.Under the normal condition, said runoff and sediment combination sensor is in dormant state.When rainfall or footpath stream were arranged, said runoff and sediment combination sensor was started working.
Consider optical transmission energy intensity and spectrum realization technology; Adopt the near infrared pipe emission array and the near infrared pipe receiving array of 850nm wavelength to come the transmission silt carrying flow; To measure on the cross section incident intensity even in order to make; Survey area is big; Measurement has more representativeness; Preferably; Said near infrared pipe emission array group 2 is a plurality of near infrared pipe emission arrays; Said near infrared pipe receiving array group 3 is and the corresponding a plurality of near infrared pipe receiving arraies of said near infrared pipe emission array (in this embodiment, the near infrared pipe emission array and the near infrared pipe receiving array that adopt 3*3 to arrange).
The near infrared pipe emission array of 850nm wavelength adopts 1/1000 second modus operandi, in each sampled measurements work, and 1 millisecond of the instantaneous work of luminotron, the luminous power maximum can reach 20 watts.Like this; Both reduced power consumption; Improve incident intensity again and measured range; Preferably; Each runoff and sediment sensor also comprises in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor: power amplification unit 7; Be arranged between said microprocessing unit 1 and the said infrared transmitting tube group 2, be used to improve the light intensity of near infrared light that said near infrared pipe emission array group 2 is launched.
For said runoff and sediment sensor is easy to carry; Preferably; As shown in Figure 2; Each runoff and sediment sensor also comprises in the said runoff and sediment sensor: handle 8; Said microprocessing unit 1, pretreatment unit 4 and power amplification unit 7 are arranged in the said handle 8; Said near infrared pipe emission array group 2 is arranged at said handle 8 one ends with near infrared pipe receiving array group 3, and against each other, said power supply signal interface 5 is arranged at said handle 8 other ends.
The invention also discloses a kind of sediment charge measurement mechanism based on described runoff and sediment sensor; As shown in Figure 3; Comprise: runoff and sediment combination sensor and host computer; Said host computer is connected with the power supply signal interface 5 of each runoff and sediment sensor in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor; Be used to transmit control signal to microprocessing unit 1; Begin emission or stop to launch near infrared light to handle near-infrared pipe emission array group 2; And receive the data signal that said power supply signal interface 5 sends, select the sediment charge of the different ranges of different sensor calculated signals according to said data signal.
The invention also discloses a kind of measuring method, may further comprise the steps based on described sediment charge measurement mechanism:
S1: host computer transmits control signal to microprocessing unit;
S2: said microprocessing unit starts near infrared pipe emission array group emission near infrared light;
S3: the near infrared light of near infrared pipe receiving array group of received near infrared pipe emission array group emission, and response signal is sent to pretreatment unit;
S4: said pretreatment unit is handled said response signal, and the digital signal that processing obtains is sent to host computer;
S5: said host computer calculates sediment charge according to said digital signal.
Also comprise step before the step S1:
S0: each runoff mud sensor in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor is demarcated respectively; To obtain mapping relations between data signal and the sediment charge (because in the present embodiment; Said runoff and sediment combination sensor comprises four runoff and sediment sensors; And the measurement category of each runoff and sediment sensor is different; Host computer is according to result of calculation; Selection has the output valve of the sensor of reasonable measured value; Calculate sediment charge; Therefore; Said host computer calculates the stable sediment charge that obtains and is final measured value; Said reasonable measured value promptly is illustrated in when carrying out the sediment charge measurement; Possibly have two runoff and sediment sensors and all obtain certain sediment charge value; When this situation, adopt the less runoff and sediment sensor of measurement sediment charge to measure).
Each runoff and sediment sensor is based on reflection, scattering and the absorption that near infrared light propagation in medium can receive medium in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor.Because the different ultrared attenuation degree of medium are different, the strong and weak degree that infrared ray is seen through behind the medium converts electric signal to, again electric signal is drawn the computing formula with light intensity through correction calculation.The structure and the thickness of material on the path that infrared ray passes through is depended in ultrared decay.When light beam sees through the Sha Shui that contains of fixed thickness, the sand grain in the water makes that light is absorbed, reflection and scattering.The decay of light is relevant with the silt content in the current.Sand grain size and light wavelength are also depended in interaction between light and the sand grain.When sediment grain size during greater than light wavelength, the relation of silt content and light intensity meets the Bear law:
I＝I
0exp(-α
0cl)
Wherein, I and I
0Be transmitted intensity and incident intensity (photon of unit interval); L is the path (m) that light beam passes through; C is the mass concentration (kg/m of material in the solute
3); α
0Be extinction coefficient (m
2/ kg), relevant with physical property.
Following relation of plane is set up:
I＝I
0e
-μL
Wherein, I and I
0Be transmitted intensity and incident intensity (photon of unit interval); L is the length (m) that light beam passes through; μ is light intensity attenuation coefficient (1/m), μ=μ
mρ, μ
mBe target attenuation coefficient (m
2/ kg); ρ is the mass concentration (kg/m of material in the solute
3); E is a constant, and its value is identical with the end of natural logarithm.
Silt carrying flow is made up of two kinds of materials, i.e. aqueous water and sand grain.When light beam through-fall and silt potpourri, their combined influence provides as follows:
Wherein, μ
MwAnd μ
MsBe respectively to the attenuation coefficient (m of water and silt
2/ kg); ρ
wAnd ρ
sBe the mass concentration (kg/m of water and silt in the unit volume potpourri
3).
The Bear law just is applicable to perfect condition.The grain size of silt and chemical constitution all can influence the relation between silt content and the light intensity in the change in time and space that contains Sha Shuizhong.Yet,, just can calibrate it if sediment charge and transmitted light light intensity have correlativity.
According to above-mentioned discussion, sediment charge, all can there be change in time and space in the chemical constitution of grain size and sand grain.Therefore, if sediment charge and transmitted intensity have good correlativity, silt content just can directly draw from transmitted intensity so.
Because the near infrared emission array group of said measurement mechanism is different with the distance between the near infrared pipe receiving array group, can cause the transmission capacity of near infrared light different.For obtaining bigger measurement range; Preferably; As shown in Figure 3; In this embodiment; Said runoff and sediment combination sensor has comprised four radial flow sediment content sensors; And the distance between the near infrared emission array group of four radial flow sediment content sensors and the near infrared pipe receiving array group is respectively 5cm; 3cm, 1cm, 0.5cm; And be designated as successively and be C1; C2, C3, C4; Sample according to many groups of different known sediment charges is confirmed the conversion relation between digital signal and the sediment charge, obtains following formula through test:
Digital signal and the reduction formula between the sediment charge of survey sensor C1 are:
y＝0.0202x
3+0.4275x
2-25.091x+238.27
Digital signal and the reduction formula between the sediment charge of survey sensor C2 are:
y＝0.0065x
3-1.0888x
2+53.798x-619.12
Digital signal and the reduction formula between the sediment charge of survey sensor C3 are:
y＝0.025x
3-1.4149x
2+13.743x+198.28
Digital signal and the reduction formula between the sediment charge of survey sensor C4 are:
y＝2e-0.6x
3-0.0031x
2+0.5716x+244.44
Wherein, x is the digital signal of said measurement mechanism, and y is sediment charge (kg/m
3).
The C1 that the sediment charge measurement mechanism of this embodiment uses, C2, C3, the measurement range of four radial flow sediment content sensors of C4 is different, is respectively: 0.05～15kg/m
3, 3～35kg/m
3, 20～80kg/m
3, 80～500kg/m
3Can cover the scope of different sediment charges respectively, make measurement range to cover from 0.05kg/m
3To 500kg/m
3The sediment charge measurement mechanism of this embodiment can be measured the variation of sediment charge in the runoff in real time, dynamically, for soil erosion dynamic process research better provides basic data.
Above embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention; And be not limitation of the present invention; The those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; Under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; Can also make various variations and modification; Therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a runoff and sediment combination sensor is characterized in that, said runoff and sediment combination sensor comprises: at least two silt sensors; Each silt sensor includes: microprocessing unit (1), near infrared pipe emission array group (2), near infrared pipe receiving array group (3), pretreatment unit (4) and power supply signal interface (5).Said microprocessing unit (1) is connected with said pretreatment unit (4) and near infrared pipe emission array group (2), power supply signal interface (5) respectively; Said pretreatment unit (4) is connected with said near infrared pipe receiving array group (3), and the distance between the near infrared pipe emission array group (2) of each runoff and sediment sensor and the near infrared pipe receiving array group (3) is different;
Said microprocessing unit (1) is used to control said near infrared pipe emission array group (2) and begins emission or stop to launch near infrared light, receives the digital signal that said pretreatment unit (4) sends, and this digital signal is forwarded to said power supply signal interface (5);
Said near infrared pipe emission array group (2) is used to launch near infrared light;
Said near infrared pipe receiving array group (3) is used to receive the near infrared light that said near infrared pipe emission array group (2) is sent, and response signal is sent to said pretreatment unit (4);
Said pretreatment unit (4) is used for said response signal is carried out signal amplification, filtering and analog/digital conversion successively, and the digital signal that is converted to is sent to said microprocessing unit (1).
2. runoff and sediment combination sensor as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Each runoff and sediment sensor also comprises in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor: power amplification unit (7); Be arranged between said microprocessing unit (1) and the said infrared transmitting tube group (2), be used to improve the light intensity that said near infrared pipe emission array group (2) is launched near infrared light.
3. runoff and sediment combination sensor as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Each runoff and sediment sensor also comprises in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor: handle (8); Said microprocessing unit (1), pretreatment unit (4) and power amplification unit (7) are arranged in the said handle (8); Said near infrared pipe emission array group (2) and near infrared pipe receiving array group (3) are arranged at said handle (8) one ends; And against each other, said power supply signal interface (5) is arranged at said handle (8) other end.
4. like each described runoff and sediment sensor in the claim 1～3; It is characterized in that; Said near infrared pipe emission array group (2) is a plurality of near infrared pipe emission arrays, and said near infrared pipe receiving array group (3) is and the corresponding a plurality of near infrared pipe receiving arraies of said a plurality of near infrared emission arrays.
5. sediment charge measurement mechanism based on each described runoff and sediment combination sensor of claim 1～4; It is characterized in that; Comprise: runoff and sediment combination sensor and host computer; Said host computer is connected with the power supply signal interface (5) of said runoff and sediment combination sensor; Be used to transmit control signal to microprocessing unit (1); Begin emission or stop to launch near infrared light to handle near-infrared pipe emission array group (2); Receive the data signal that said power supply signal interface (5) sends, and select the sediment charge of the different ranges of different sensor calculated signals according to said data signal.
6. the measuring method based on the described sediment charge measurement mechanism of claim 5 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1: host computer transmits control signal to microprocessing unit;
S2: said microprocessing unit starts near infrared pipe emission array group emission near infrared light;
S3: the near infrared light of near infrared pipe receiving array group of received near infrared pipe emission array group emission, and response signal is sent to pretreatment unit;
S4: said pretreatment unit is handled said response signal, and the digital signal that processing obtains is sent to host computer;
S5: said host computer calculates sediment charge according to said digital signal.
7. measuring method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises step before the step S1:
S0: each runoff mud sensor in the said runoff and sediment combination sensor is demarcated respectively, to obtain the mapping relations between digital signal and the sediment charge.
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