CN102830107B - Laser radar detection method and system for measuring contents of solid water and liquid water in cloud - Google Patents
Laser radar detection method and system for measuring contents of solid water and liquid water in cloud Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser radar detection method and system for measuring contents of solid water and liquid water in cloud. According to the laser radar detection method and system, by using the characteristic that raman scattering frequency shifts of solid state and liquid state of water are different, a Surelite II-20 laser is used as a laser emission source to generate laser radiation with wavelength of 355 nm to pass through four detection channels of an optical receiving part, wherein two water detection channels are used for detecting characteristic raman echo signals of the solid water and the liquid water by using a narrow band filter respectively, an elastic scattering channel is used for detecting optical characteristic of aerosol or cloud, and a nitrogen raman channel is used for detecting raman scattering light of nitrogen for normalizing the raman scattering signal of the water, thereby realizing detection of a phase state of water in the cloud; and finally, the contents of the solid state and the liquid state of water in the cloud are obtained by inversion through a solid-state and liquid-state raman scattering principle of the water.
Description
technical field:
The present invention has designed a kind of laser radar detection method and system of measuring solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud.The present invention utilizes the difference of the solid, liquid state Raman scattering frequency displacement of water, by the different phase inversion technique of narrow band pass filter and water, obtains the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud.The present invention uses Surelite II-20 laser instrument as laser emitting source, produce the laser emission of 355nm wavelength, by 4 detection channels of optics receiving unit: wherein, two water detection channels, use narrow band pass filter to survey respectively the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of solid, liquid, elastic scattering passage is used for the optical characteristics of probe gas colloidal sol or cloud, and nitrogen Raman passage is used for surveying the Raman diffused light of nitrogen, for the Raman scattering signal of normalization water; Realization is surveyed the phase of Yun Zhongshui.Finally, by the solid, liquid state Raman scattering principle of water, be finally inversed by the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui.
background technology:
The formation of cloud and differentiation, be the concrete manifestation of motion process in atmosphere, is the important sign of bespeak future Changes in weather, by the observation of cloud, to correct judgement air motion situation, particularly short-term closed on to weather forecast significant.Weather modification aspect, only has the parameter information of comprehensive grasp cloud could more efficientlyly carry out weather modification activity.Climatic study aspect, cloud has Radiative Forcing effect, affects the balance between revenue and expenditure of earth system, and then affects climate change.Research shows, the global temperatures that cloud radiation causes change than the impact of carbon dioxide greatly 3 times also many.Aspect model study, the physical characteristics of cloud and process are also important topics, and the correct parametrization of cloud information is very important to Global Model and area weather forecasting pattern.The parameter of cloud can from ground observation also can space-based form observation, therefore, cloud parameter information is as thick in the cloud level, cloud, the Microphysical Characteristics of cloud, is the important evidence of check numerical weather forecast and synoptic model.
Detection to cloud, except macroscopical physical characteristicss such as, cloud form thick to the cloud level, cloud are surveyed, what be badly in need of at present solving is the detection problem of the inner Microphysical Structure information of cloud, cloudlike the phase of middle water, the Size distribution of the content of water, water etc.The phase information of Yun Zhongshui is an important characterising parameter of cloud.In cloud, ice crystal or water droplet are the main matter in cloud, and cloud is mainly that scattering and absorption due to ice crystal or water droplet causes on the impact of atmosphere radiation transmission.Theoretical according to particle scattering, different sizes are different with the ice crystal of content or the scattering properties of water droplet, its radiation effect causing is also different, and the size of ice crystal in cloud and water droplet and content change with the kind of atmospheric environment and cloud, therefore, the content of Yun Zhongshui and particle size are very important to the radiation effect of research cloud.If the water cut in known cloud, supposes that the particle diameter distribution of water in cloud meets a certain relation, in cloud, between the distribution of the Size of water and liquid water content, can be obtained by simple mathematical relation, therefore, in research cloud, the content problem of water becomes most important.
So far, there is the multiple observation procedure to cloud.Satellite remote sensing has the advantage of himself, can global cloud be distributed and be observed from satellite orbit, but aspect the detection of cloud phase, it can only be divided into cloud water, ice phase or mix phase macroscopic view, can not judge from microcosmic the phase of cloud water-setting thing particle, and also there are a lot of problems at aspects such as cloud classification, the overlapping processing of cloud layer, low clouds observations, the appearance of the large-area snow/ice in earth's surface, inversion layer etc. also can produce a very large impact the passive measurement of satellite equipment.Airborne water dust particle measurement instrument is instrument conventional in weather modification, and the various parameters of the cloud on can survey aircraft flight path, are mainly water dust grain Size, water cut etc.Airborne water dust particle detector advantage is directly to measure water dust particle, and its result is comparatively accurate, and aircraft can adopt the form that cloud is worn in flight in addition, cloud particle parameter in can obtaining on a large scale, its shortcoming is that airplane sounding cost is too high, limited by blank pipe, and flying machine can be also few.With regard to the ground observation of cloud, modal in weather service is artificial observation method, observation person by the judgement of cloud form and with the contrast of object, the judgement cloud level, cloud amount.But artificial observation spatial and temporal resolution is low, and the judgement of the cloud level is not so good as to device surveys accurately, the judgement of cloud amount is seen to subjectivity to be affected with observer present position and limits, and therefore, cloud Observation Service mid point artificial observation will be replaced by ceilometer and total sky imager gradually.Ceilometer and total sky imager are that macroscopical physical characteristics of cloud is measured, and do not relate to the Microphysical Structure information of cloud inside.Sonde is to utilize balloon lift to bring in cloud cloud observation instrument, and cloud parameter sensors is passed surveyed correlation parameter back ground.Sounding mode is surveyed cloud can obtain the information such as the cloud level, water cut, the distribution of cloud particle footpath accurately, but that shortcoming is spatial and temporal resolution is low.Microwave radiometer is conventional passive measurement instrument, can be used for the inverting of water content of clouds, but as passive remote sensing equipment, microwave radiometer need to promote in detectivity and spatial resolution.Common weather radar is due to its wavelength restriction, detectivity to cloud is limited, development along with millimeter-wave technology, millimetre-wave radar becomes the powerful of cloud observation, it is short that millimetre-wave radar and common weather radar are compared wavelength, can better with cloud in water droplet and the mutual left and right of ice crystal, then be equipped with scanning device, millimetre-wave radar can be surveyed centered by radar the correlation parameter of cloud in tens kilometers.For ease of field observation, millimetre-wave radar is made the form of shelter more, and haul is convenient, and NASA has launched Cloudsat satellite using millimetre-wave radar as Satellite Payloads, can global cloud be distributed and be measured.
With regard to the Continuous Observation of the microphysical property of cloud, millimetre-wave radar is putative a kind of effective detecting devices at present.Lidar Ratios millimeter wave cloud detection radar has more advantage: spatial resolution aspect, and laser pulse width calculates according to 10ns, and its Range resolution limit is 1.5m, higher than the spatial resolving power rate of millimetre-wave radar; Wavelength aspect, the electromagnetic wavelength of millimetre-wave radar is that 3mm or 8mm(are domestic), in general much larger than the size of particle in cloud, both action intensities must be restricted, restricted the detectivity of millimetre-wave radar to the thin cloud of small-particle, and the laser that laser radar generally uses wavelength to be less than 1 micron, can better with cloud in particle interaction, can be used for monitoring small-particle and Bao Yun that cloud that millimetre-wave radar cannot observe forms the initial stage; In the mode of action, because laser peak power is higher, except traditional elastic reaction (elastic scattering), also may excite nonlinear effect (Ramam effect), enrich detection wavelength, can obtain the information of more cloudy middle water; Technology maturity aspect, millimetre-wave radar gordian technique, particularly magnetron life and cost problem, be the principal element of the domestic application of MMW radar of restriction, due to cost and maintenance cost higher, domestic only have several units to have survey cloud millimetre-wave radar at present, compare with millimetre-wave radar, the every technology comparative maturity of laser radar, system is simple, operation expense is cheap, has certain advantage in application.
For the micro-pulse lidar of cloud and aerosol detection, start to walk abroad early, this technology of nonspherical particle depolarization is relatively also comparative maturity abroad, and in several surveillance programs of US and European, associated stations mostly has polarization lidar.The Raman lidar with channel of polarization can be described the phase of water in cloud qualitatively, but will obtain accurately the spectroscopy knowledge (absorption spectrum or raman scattering spectrum) that liquid water content in steam need to be used water.Steam Raman lidar has advantage than steam DIAL at aspects such as system complexity, costs, and therefore, the research of steam Raman lidar aspect is more both at home and abroad.Steam Raman lidar is mainly measured the moisture content of atmosphere the inside, and inner at cloud body, and the phase that exists of water be take aqueous water and solid water as main, and so far, applicant not yet finds that to take solid, liquid state water in cloud be detected object laser radar system.The present invention is by surveying the raman scattering spectrum of solid, liquid state water in cloud, foundation can be used for the laser radar system of solid water and Liquid water content in quantitative detection cloud, by using millimeter wave cloud radar or sounding balloon to demarcate laser radar system, minute phase liquid water content inversion algorithm in development cloud.Invention utilizes Raman technology, quantitatively obtains the solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, significant to the research of cloud Microphysical, fills up China's blank that water state is surveyed in cloud.
summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of laser radar detection method and system of measuring solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, its technical matters mainly solving is to utilize the difference of the solid, liquid state Raman scattering frequency displacement of water, and the detection channels of use based on narrow band pass filter surveyed respectively the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of solid, liquid.The present invention is finally inversed by the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui according to solid, liquid state water detection channels Raman scattering signal intensity.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
An Airborne Lidar examining system of measuring solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, this detection system comprises:
1) master control system, for system operating mode is set, comprises laser transmitting-receiving system detection mode, laser works mode, and order is sent to slave computer; Master control system comprises data analysis module, and the data of collection are carried out to real-time analysis, and according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, calculates in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud;
2) laser transmitting system, according to the setting of master control system, adjusts working method and the laser energy of laser instrument;
3) laser receiver system, effect is to collect the atmosphere echo signal intensity at different distance place, the Raman scattering signal of Yun Zhongshui, and is sent to detection channels by follow-up light path;
4) Photodetection system, receives the light signal of each detection channels, and converts electric signal to and be sent to data acquisition and analysis system;
5) data acquisition system (DAS), adopts photon counting card and high-speed AD acquisition card to gather the signal that Photodetection system is surveyed, and sends to data analysis system.
Wherein, described receiving system adopts Meade LX200 telescope and the follow-up light path of narrow band pass filter of high reflector efficiency.
Wherein, described Photodetection system is divided into four detection channels, receives respectively the elastic scattering of atmospheric molecule, gasoloid, cloud; The Raman scattering of aqueous water; The Raman scattering of solid water and the Raman scattering of nitrogen molecule.
Wherein, in described four detection channels, each detection channels includes a slice lens, a tablet filter and a photomultiplier.The optical filter of four detection channels to see through centre wavelength different, the first to the 4th passage is respectively 355nm, 401nm, 404nm, 386.7nm, the corresponding elastic scattering wavelength of 355nm, the corresponding solid water Raman scattering of 401nm wavelength, the corresponding aqueous water Raman scattering of 404nm wavelength, the nitrogen Raman scattering wavelength in the corresponding atmosphere of 386.7nm.
The present invention measures the laser radar detection method of solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) utilize primary control program to select the initial value design of the working method of laser instrument, the acquisition mode of receiving system and inverting water solid, liquid state content, and send instruction to laser transmitting system and laser receiver system;
2) utilize laser transmitting system to control (Surelite II-20) laser instrument and take the pulse laser that the repetition frequency emission wavelength of 20Hz is 355nm;
3) utilize the echo of receiving and dispatching coaxial (Meade LX200) telescope reception different distance place in laser receiver system;
4) utilize spectroscope and optical filter that echoed signal is sent into respectively to 4 detection channels: the elastic scattering that passage 1 receives atmospheric molecule, gasoloid, cloud is called elastic scattering passage; The Raman scattering that passage 2 receives aqueous water is called aqueous water detection channels; The Raman scattering that passage 3 receives solid water is called solid water detection channels; Passage 4 receives the Raman scattering of nitrogen molecule, for the signal intensity of normalization solid, liquid state water detection channels;
5) echoed signal that each passage receives, by Photodetection system, is converted into electric signal by light signal, and gives data acquisition system (DAS);
6) the elastic scattering signal of data acquisition system (DAS) utilization (NI that sampling rate is 10M) data collecting card acquisition channel 1, utilizes two (P7882) photon counting cards to count the signal of another three Raman passages;
7) master control system is carried out real-time analysis to the data that gather, and according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, in conjunction with the calibration result of Raman laser radar system, calculates in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud, and result is carried out preserving and processing in real time.
Wherein, according to the ratio R of passage 3, passage 2 outputs, calculate the ratio of solid, liquid state water, two passage outputs are carried out to spectra overlapping correction, the single phase solid, liquid of the direct substitution of result state water inversion algorithm carries out inverting, can determine solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud.
Wherein, described inversion algorithm is as follows: the laser radar equation of solid water Raman scattering is written as:
（1）
Wherein R is for surveying height, P
icefor Raman is surveyed the Raman scattering luminous power of the solid water that cloud system receives, P
0the emissive power of laser, C
icethe system constants of Raman lidar, σ
icefor the differential scattering of solid water, IWC is solid water water cut, α (υ
0, r), α (υ
ice, r) be atmospheric molecule and the gasoloid extinction coefficient to Emission Lasers and Raman diffused light;
For nitrogen Raman passage, the Raman scattering luminous power that it receives is:
（2）
In formula (2), each parameter is corresponding respectively with each parameter in formula (1), wherein, and N
n2the density of nitrogen.By formula (1) and formula (2) through arranging, distortion, obtain solid water containing the expression formula of metric density:
（3）
In formula, P
ice(R)/P
n2(R) from radargrammetry, obtain C
n2n
n2(R) σ
n2(υ
0, υ
n2, T)/C
iceσ
ice(υ
0, υ
ice, T) be abbreviated as K, wherein K is systematic parameter, the backscattering coefficient that β (R) is molecule, formula (3) becomes:
（4）
By formula (4), obtain the content of solid water in cloud, wherein obtain Raman and survey the demarcation that the process of the systematic parameter K of cloud laser radar is laser radar system.Laser radar system is demarcated main millimetre-wave radar and the sounding balloon of using.
the advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has is:
1, utilize narrow band pass filter to realize separated detection of Raman signal of 4 passages, reach the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui is effectively surveyed, fill up the blank that in domestic cloud, water state is surveyed;
2, by using sounding balloon to carry detection instrument to low clouds, carry out Yun Zhongshui detection, for high cloud, use millimeter wave cloud detection radar to survey, realize whereby the Accurate Calibration to Raman laser radar system parameter.
3, can realize the high spatial resolution of water state in cloud and the detection of high time resolution.
4, the present invention can implement round-the-clock unattended monitoring.
accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is system chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is main control process flow figure of the present invention.
In Fig. 1: L is lens; BS is filter set; F is filter set dish; M is total reflective mirror; Passage 1 is elastic scattering passage; Passage 2 is aqueous water detection channels; Passage 3 is solid water detection channels; Passage 4 is nitrogen Raman passage; PMT is photomultiplier.
embodiment:
The present invention utilizes consolidating of water, the difference of liquid Raman scattering frequency displacement, use Surelite II-20 laser instrument as laser emitting source, produce the laser emission of 355nm wavelength, by master control system, laser work mode and system initial value design are set, utilize telescope to receive the backscatter signal of cloud, backscatter signal becomes directional light through lens, optics receiving unit has 4 detection channels, two water detection channels wherein, use narrow band pass filter to survey respectively solid, the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of liquid, elastic scattering passage is used for the optical characteristics of probe gas colloidal sol or cloud, nitrogen Raman passage is used for surveying the Raman diffused light of nitrogen, Raman scattering signal for normalization water.Three Raman passages of this laser radar system are used two photon counting cards to carry out photon counting, and elastic scattering passage is used high-speed AD acquisition card to gather.And by the solid, liquid state Raman scattering principle of water, be finally inversed by the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui.
This system is by master control system, one of Surelite II-20 laser instrument, laser transmitting system, laser receiver system, and Photodetection system, data acquisition system (DAS), data analysis system form.Wherein, each system separate unit, integral body is controlled by master control system computing machine, guarantees system stability.Wherein, laser instrument emission wavelength is 355nm.Wherein, receiving system adopts the follow-up light paths such as the Meade LX200 telescope of high reflector efficiency and narrow band pass filter.Wherein, data analysis demonstration has been analyzed by the data analysis system being integrated in master control system on main control computer.
The prerequisite of using this system to survey is when laser works is in good condition, utilize the difference of the solid, liquid state Raman scattering frequency displacement of water, use narrow band pass filter to survey respectively the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of solid, liquid, by the solid, liquid state Raman scattering principle of water, be finally inversed by the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui.Concrete steps are:
In initialization log-on messages such as master control system programming laser work mode, System production time, system initial value, inverting initial values.Laser transmitting system is controlled the laser emission that Surelite II-20 laser instrument produces 355nm wavelength.Utilize the echo at the Meade LX200 telescope reception different distance place of the different axle of transmitting-receiving.Echoed signal becomes directional light through lens, be sent to respectively 4 detection channels, two water detection channels wherein, use narrow band pass filter to survey respectively the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of solid, liquid, elastic scattering passage is used for the optical characteristics of probe gas colloidal sol or cloud, nitrogen Raman passage is used for surveying the Raman diffused light of nitrogen, for the Raman scattering signal of normalization water.The echo that each passage is received, by Photodetection system, is converted into electric signal by light signal.In data acquisition system (DAS), utilize the NI data collecting card that sampling rate is 10M to gather elastic scattering signal, utilize two P7882 photon technology cards to count three Raman passages.By data analysis system, by the data analysis gathering, be finally inversed by the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui, and show in master control interface by the solid, liquid state Raman scattering principle of water, raw data and analysis result arrange preservation by master control system simultaneously.
embodiment mono-:
As shown in Figure 1, the Airborne Lidar examining system of solid, liquid state liquid water content in measurement cloud of the present invention, this detection system comprises:
1) master control system, for system operating mode is set, comprises the detection mode that optical mode and Photodetection system of laser transmitting system, and before system works, master control system is sent to slave computer by order is set; Data analysis system is a software module of master control system, and this module is carried out real-time analysis by the data of collection, and according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, calculates in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud; Master control system also completes carries out preserving and processing in real time to the result of the data of collection and analysis;
2) laser transmitting system adopts Surelite II-20 laser instrument, and emission wavelength is 355nm, and the control system of this laser transmitting system can be used as slave computer and receives the order that arranges that host computer sends, in order to adjust working method and the laser energy of laser instrument;
3) laser receiver system, adopt the follow-up light paths such as the Meade LX200 telescope of high reflector efficiency and narrow band pass filter, each several part is considered optical efficiency, be coated be all-trans accordingly film or anti-reflection film, for collecting the atmosphere echo signal intensity at different distance place, and be sent to each detection channels by follow-up light path;
4) Photodetection system is used EMI9214 type photomultiplier, for receiving the light signal of each detection channels, and convert electric signal to and be sent to data acquisition and analysis system, be divided into 4 detection channels, receive respectively the elastic scattering of atmospheric molecule, gasoloid, cloud, the Raman scattering of aqueous water, the Raman scattering of solid water and the Raman scattering of nitrogen molecule.；
5) data acquisition system (DAS), adopts photon counting card (P7882) and high-speed AD acquisition card (NI5105) to gather the signal that Photodetection system is surveyed, and this signal is sent to data analysis system.
embodiment bis-:
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention measures the laser radar detection method of solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) utilize primary control program to select the initial value design etc. of the working method of laser instrument, the acquisition mode of receiving system and inverting water solid, liquid state content, and send instruction to laser transmitting system and laser receiver system;
2) utilize laser transmitting system to control Surelite II-20 laser instrument and take the pulse laser that the repetition frequency emission wavelength of 20Hz is 355nm;
3) utilize the echo of receiving and dispatching coaxial Meade LX200 telescope reception different distance place in laser receiver system;
4) utilize spectroscope and optical filter that echoed signal is sent into respectively to 4 detection channels: the elastic scattering that passage 1 receives atmospheric molecule, gasoloid, cloud is called elastic scattering passage, by this passage, can obtain extinction coefficient profile, for the decay of Raman scattering signal is corrected.The Raman scattering that passage 2 receives aqueous waters is called aqueous water detection channels, and the centre wavelength of the interference filter F2 before PMT2 is λ
l, pass band width is 0.2nm.The Raman scattering that passage 3 receives solid waters is called solid water detection channels, and the centre wavelength of the interference filter F3 before PMT3 is λ
i, pass band width is 0.2nm.Passage 4 receives the Raman scattering of nitrogen molecule, and for normalization solid, liquid state water detection channels, passage 1 and passage 4 are also all placed corresponding spike interference filter in order to filtering noise above.
5) echoed signal each passage being received, by Photodetection system, is converted into electric signal by light signal;
6) utilize the NI data collecting card (NI5105) that sampling rate is 10M to gather elastic scattering signal, utilize two P7882 photon technology cards to count three Raman passages;
7) data analysis module of master control system carries out real-time analysis by the data of collection, and according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, calculates in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud;
Wherein, laser transmitting system Surelite II-20 transmitting 355nm laser, utilize telescope Meade LX200 to receive the backscatter signal of cloud, backscatter signal becomes directional light through lens, optics receiving unit has 4 detection channels, two water detection channels wherein, use narrow band pass filter to survey respectively the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of solid, liquid, elastic scattering passage is used for the optical characteristics of probe gas colloidal sol or cloud, nitrogen Raman passage is used for surveying the Raman diffused light of nitrogen, for the Raman scattering signal of normalization water.Three Raman passages of this laser radar system are used two photon counting cards (P7882) to carry out photon counting, and elastic scattering passage is used high-speed AD acquisition card (NI5105) to gather.Utilize that this laser radar system can be realized, observation when solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud.
Wherein, Photodetection system is used quantum efficiency high, the photoelectric sensor system of response light spectrum width.
Wherein, for aqueous water, survey and solid water detection channels, select respectively extreme weather observation time window (only have the ice cloud of solid water and only have the water cloud of aqueous water), in conjunction with millimeter wave cloud detection radar and release balloon sounding, liquid towards water detection channels and solid water detection channels are demarcated respectively.
Wherein, the photon counting card of data acquisition system (DAS) adopts peak value photon detection efficiency >70%, the data acquisition equipment of temporal resolution >300ps, the data message collecting is associated with primary control program, according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, calculate in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud.
Wherein, in master control system, the initial value design of inverting water solid, liquid state content is determined the Raman scattering wavelength of a certain phase of sign according to the Raman scattering feature of solid, liquid state water, the selection of the Raman scattering wavelength of solid, liquid state water can be undertaken by calculating the ratio of the raman scattering spectrum of solid, liquid state water, as solid, liquid ratio (I
i-I
l)/(I
l+ I
i) be R to the maximum
maxtime, this wavelength is elected the raman signatures wavelength X of solid water as
iotherwise,, when solid, liquid ratio minimum is R
mintime, this wavelength is elected the Raman scattering wavelength X of aqueous water as
l.
In cloud, the inversion method of solid, liquid state water is that the laser radar equation of solid water Raman scattering can be written as:
（1）
Wherein R is for surveying height, and sensing point, apart from the height on ground, can record by laser radar; P
icefor Raman, survey the Raman scattering luminous power of the solid water that cloud system receives, can record by detection channels 3; P
0the emissive power of laser, C
icethe system constants of Raman lidar, σ
icefor the differential scattering of solid water, IWC is solid water water cut, α (υ
0, r), α (υ
ice, r) be atmospheric molecule and the gasoloid extinction coefficient to Emission Lasers and Raman diffused light, can measure and obtain by detection channels 1.
For nitrogen Raman passage, i.e. the 4th detection channels, the Raman scattering luminous power that it receives is: the parameter in each equation all limits clear, known need provide, the unknown method of asking that provides
（2）
In formula (2), each parameter is corresponding respectively with each parameter in formula (1), wherein, and N
n2the density of nitrogen.Formula (1) and formula (2) are slightly arranged, are out of shape, can obtain the expression formula that solid water contains metric density:
（3）
In formula, P
ice(R)/P
n2(R) can from radargrammetry, obtain C
n2n
n2(R) σ
n2(υ
0, υ
n2, T)/C
iceσ
ice(υ
0, υ
ice, T) can be abbreviated as K, wherein K is systematic parameter, the backscattering coefficient that β (R) is molecule, formula (3) can become:
（4）
By formula (4), obtain the content of solid water in cloud, need to know the systematic parameter K of Raman survey cloud laser radar, the process that obtains K is called system calibrating, and laser radar system is demarcated main millimetre-wave radar and the sounding balloon of using.The calibration process of systematic parameter K is, for low clouds, can use sounding balloon to carry detection instrument surveys Yun Zhongshui, for high cloud, can use millimeter wave cloud detection radar, by choosing the method that particular cloud sample observes, record the water cut in cloud, again in conjunction with the measurement result of each passage of laser radar, by above-mentioned inversion formula, calculate and obtain systematic parameter K.Above-mentioned algorithm is the inversion algorithm of solid water, and for single aqueous water, algorithm is identical with it, does not repeat them here.
For the Yun Eryan that mixes phase, when laser radar is measured mixing the cloud of phase, due to the coincidence of solid, liquid state water Raman spectrum, cause the Raman scattering of operative liquid water to enter solid water detection channels, the Raman scattering of part solid water enters aqueous water detection channels.Use the inversion method of above-mentioned single phase water, first need solid, liquid state water probe value to correct.According to the research to the Raman spectrum of solid, liquid state water, the ratio of ice cloud is R
max, the ratio of water cloud is R
min, the ratio R between solid, liquid state water is greater than R
minbe less than R
max, the ratio of R is relevant with blending ratio between the two, and can set up mathematical model, will between the ratio of solid, liquid state water and R, set up one-to-one relationship.Therefore, while carrying out Laser Radar Observation to mixing phase water, first use the mathematical model of setting up, according to the ratio R of solid, liquid two passage outputs, calculate the ratio of solid, liquid state water, and according to this ratio, two passage outputs are carried out to spectra overlapping correction, revised result, can directly bring single phase solid, liquid state water inversion algorithm into and carry out inverting.
The present invention utilizes consolidating of water, the difference of liquid Raman scattering frequency displacement, use Surelite II-20 laser instrument as laser emitting source, produce the laser emission of 355nm wavelength, by 4 detection channels of optics receiving unit: wherein, two water detection channels, use narrow band pass filter to survey respectively solid, the feature Raman echoed signal of two kinds of phase water of liquid, elastic scattering passage is used for the optical characteristics of probe gas colloidal sol or cloud, nitrogen Raman passage is used for surveying the Raman diffused light of nitrogen, Raman scattering signal for normalization water, realization is surveyed the phase of Yun Zhongshui.And by the solid, liquid state Raman scattering principle of water, be finally inversed by the solid, liquid state content of Yun Zhongshui.
Claims (6)
1. an Airborne Lidar examining system of measuring solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, this detection system comprises:
1) master control system, for system operating mode is set, comprises laser transmitting-receiving system detection mode, laser works mode, and order is sent to slave computer; Master control system comprises data analysis module, and the data of collection are carried out to real-time analysis, and according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, calculates in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud;
2) laser transmitting system, according to the setting of master control system, adjusts working method and the laser energy of laser instrument;
3) laser receiver system, effect is to collect the atmosphere echo signal intensity at different distance place, the Raman scattering signal of Yun Zhongshui, and is sent to detection channels by follow-up light path;
4) Photodetection system, receives the light signal of each detection channels, and converts electric signal to and be sent to data acquisition and analysis system; This Photodetection system is divided into four detection channels, receives respectively the elastic scattering of atmospheric molecule, gasoloid, cloud; The Raman scattering of aqueous water; The Raman scattering of solid water and the Raman scattering of nitrogen molecule;
5) data acquisition system (DAS), adopts photon counting card and high-speed AD acquisition card to gather the signal that Photodetection system is surveyed, and sends to data analysis system.
2. Airborne Lidar examining system according to claim 1, wherein, described receiving system adopts Meade LX200 telescope and the follow-up light path of narrow band pass filter of high reflector efficiency.
3. Airborne Lidar examining system according to claim 1, wherein, in described four detection channels, each detection channels includes a slice lens, a tablet filter and a photomultiplier.
4. a laser radar detection method of measuring solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud, the method comprises the following steps:
1) utilize primary control program to select the initial value design of the working method of laser instrument, the acquisition mode of receiving system and inverting water solid, liquid state content, and send instruction to laser transmitting system and laser receiver system;
2) utilize laser transmitting system to control laser instrument and take the pulse laser that the repetition frequency emission wavelength of 20Hz is 355nm;
3) utilize the echo of receiving and dispatching coaxial telescope reception different distance place in laser receiver system;
4) utilize spectroscope and optical filter that echoed signal is sent into respectively to 4 detection channels: the elastic scattering that passage 1 receives atmospheric molecule, gasoloid, cloud is called elastic scattering passage; The Raman scattering that passage 2 receives aqueous water is called aqueous water detection channels; The Raman scattering that passage 3 receives solid water is called solid water detection channels; Passage 4 receives the Raman scattering of nitrogen molecule;
5) echoed signal that each passage receives, by Photodetection system, is converted into electric signal by light signal, and gives data acquisition system (DAS);
6) data acquisition system (DAS) is utilized the elastic scattering signal of data collecting card acquisition channel 1, utilizes two photon counting cards to count the signal of another three Raman passages;
7) master control system is carried out real-time analysis to the data that gather, and according to the inversion principle of solid, liquid state water in cloud, in conjunction with the calibration result of Raman laser radar system, calculate in real time and show the content of solid, liquid state water in cloud, and result is carried out preserving and processing in real time.
5. laser radar detection method according to claim 4, wherein, according to the ratio R of passage 3, passage 2 outputs, calculate the ratio of solid, liquid state water, two passage outputs are carried out to spectra overlapping correction, the single phase solid, liquid of the direct substitution of result state water inversion algorithm carries out inverting, can determine solid, liquid state liquid water content in cloud.
6. laser radar detection method according to claim 5, wherein, described inversion algorithm is as follows: the laser radar equation of solid water Raman scattering is written as:
Wherein R is for surveying height, P
icefor Raman is surveyed the Raman scattering luminous power of the solid water that cloud system receives, P
0the emissive power of laser, C
icethe system constants of Raman lidar, σ
icefor the differential scattering of solid water, IWC is solid water water cut, α (υ
0, r), α (υ
ice, r) be atmospheric molecule and the gasoloid extinction coefficient to Emission Lasers and Raman diffused light;
For nitrogen Raman passage, the Raman scattering luminous power that it receives is:
In formula (2), each parameter is corresponding respectively with each parameter in formula (1), wherein, and N
n2the density of nitrogen; By formula (1) and formula (2) through arranging, distortion, obtain solid water containing the expression formula of metric density:
In formula, P
ice(R)/P
n2(R) from radargrammetry, obtain C
n2n
n2(R) σ
n2(υ
0, υ
n2, T)/C
iceσ
ice(υ
0, υ
ice, T) be abbreviated as K, wherein K is systematic parameter, the backscattering coefficient that β (R) is molecule, formula (3) becomes:
By formula (4), obtain the content of solid water in cloud, wherein obtain Raman and survey the demarcation that the process of the systematic parameter K of cloud laser radar is laser radar system.
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