CN113295626A - Aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method and device based on array type micro-pulse laser radar - Google Patents
Aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method and device based on array type micro-pulse laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method and device based on an array type micro-pulse laser radar, which are used for simultaneously meeting the spectrum resolution and spatial distribution detection requirements of aerosol extinction characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: in order to meet the requirement of space distribution detection, a micro-pulse laser radar with high space resolution detection capability is adopted to obtain an aerosol extinction coefficient with discrete wavelength; in order to meet the spectrum distinguishing detection requirement, the number of detection wavelengths of the laser radar is greatly increased, and the detection wavelength distribution selection is optimized by combining the historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum; in order to optimize the cost, the volume and the power consumption of the multi-wavelength laser radar, the array combined optical transceiver module is invented; on the basis of the extinction coefficient of the aerosol with discrete wavelength, the extinction spectrum of the aerosol with continuous wavelength is obtained through polynomial fitting. The invention solves the problem that the traditional aerosol extinction characteristic observation method is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of spectral resolution and spatial distribution detection, and has strong application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method and device based on an array type micro-pulse laser radar, belongs to the field of atmospheric aerosol detection, and is used for simultaneously meeting the detection requirements of spectral resolution and spatial distribution of aerosol extinction characteristics.
Background
The aerosol extinction characteristic is a core parameter concerned in the field of atmospheric radiation compelling and environmental science research, whether an accurate and effective observation device can be used for obtaining the spectral resolution and spatial distribution information of the aerosol extinction characteristic at the same time, and the method has important significance for atmospheric radiation compelling research and environmental science business application. However, in the currently known aerosol extinction characteristic observation means, the active remote sensing laser radar technology with space distribution detection capability is mostly a single-wavelength and single-parameter measurement system, and it is difficult to obtain broadband aerosol extinction spectrum characteristics; however, most of the passive remote sensing solar photometers and spectrometer technologies with spectral resolution detection capability are measurement systems of the average effect of the whole layer of atmospheric aerosol, and the spatial distribution characteristic of the extinction spectrum of the aerosol is difficult to obtain. In summary, the problem faced by the existing aerosol extinction characteristic measurement device is that it is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of spectrum resolution and spatial distribution detection required by business observation application through a single detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
in order to solve the problem that the existing aerosol extinction characteristic measuring equipment is difficult to pass through a single device and simultaneously meets the spectral resolution and spatial distribution detection problems of the aerosol extinction characteristic, the invention provides an array type micro-pulse laser radar which can meet the observation requirements of atmospheric radiation forced research and environmental science service application through the single device. On the basis of an atmospheric detection laser radar with high spatial resolution detection capability, the number of detection wavelengths of the laser radar is greatly increased, the detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is optimally configured in a waveband interval with concentrated solar main radiation energy by utilizing the statistical characteristics of aerosol particle size spectrum historical observation data, a continuous wavelength extinction spectrum curve is obtained by utilizing a sufficient number of discrete wavelength extinction coefficients and based on a polynomial fitting method, and further the simultaneous detection of spectral resolution and spatial distribution of aerosol extinction characteristics is realized. In order to solve the engineering and cost control problems of the laser radar after the number of the detection wavelengths is greatly increased, an optical transceiver module with an integrated transmitting light path and receiving light path is developed, the size, power consumption and cost of the laser radar are reduced by using a method of array combination of the optical transceiver module, the signal-to-noise ratio of echo signals of all the detection wavelengths is guaranteed while the detection wavelengths are increased, and meanwhile, the capacity of flexibly configuring the number of the detection wavelengths and the distribution of the detection wavelengths is achieved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on an array type micro-pulse laser radar comprises the following steps: step 1, optimizing and configuring detection wavelength distribution of a laser radar in a wave band interval with concentrated main solar radiation energy by using statistical characteristics of historical observation data of aerosol particle size spectrums; step 2, increasing the number of detection wavelengths of the laser radar on the basis of the atmospheric detection laser radar with the spatial resolution detection capability; step 3, the laser radar adopts a micro-pulse detection system; an array combination method of a plurality of optical transceiving modules is adopted by utilizing an optical transceiving module with an integrated transmitting light path and a receiving light path; and 4, obtaining a continuous wavelength extinction spectrum curve by utilizing the discrete wavelength extinction coefficient based on a polynomial fitting method, and further realizing the simultaneous detection of spectral resolution and spatial distribution of the aerosol extinction characteristics.
Preferably, the step 4 further includes obtaining aerosol extinction coefficients of discrete wavelengths and distance-resolved spatial distribution information of the extinction coefficients by inversion according to echo signals of various wavelengths acquired by the array type micro pulse laser radar through data processing software, and performing curve fitting on the discrete wavelength extinction coefficients based on a polynomial fitting method to synchronously obtain aerosol extinction spectra and spatial distribution characteristics of continuous wavelengths.
Preferably, step 1, by utilizing aerosol particle size spectrum historical observation data, counting particle size spectrum distribution characteristics of the aerosol in the global main region type, and optimally setting detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar in a band interval with concentrated solar main radiation energy according to a scattering scale parameter matching principle of a detected particle size and a detection wavelength in a particle mie scattering theory and by combining availability of output wavelengths of commercial miniaturized laser light sources.
In order to solve the engineering and cost control problems of the laser radar after the number of the detection wavelengths is greatly increased, an optical transceiver module with an integrated transmitting light path and receiving light path is developed, the size, power consumption and cost of the laser radar are reduced by using a method of array combination of the optical transceiver module, the signal-to-noise ratio of echo signals of all wavelengths is guaranteed while the detection wavelengths are increased, and meanwhile, the capacity of flexibly configuring the number and wavelength distribution of the detection wavelengths is achieved.
As a preferred technical scheme: the waveband interval in which the main solar radiation energy is concentrated is 266 nm-1550 nm, and the laser radar is required to have the capability of acquiring an aerosol extinction spectrum in the waveband interval; the laser radar measures the extinction coefficient of narrow bandwidth and discrete wavelength with the bandwidth less than 1nm, and in order to enable an extinction spectrum curve obtained by utilizing the fitting of the extinction coefficient of the discrete wavelength to reflect the aerosol extinction spectrum characteristics in a waveband interval of 266nm to 1550nm, the number of the detection wavelengths of the laser radar needs to be up to 6 or more.
As a preferred technical scheme: the detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is set, and the detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is in a waveband range of 266nm to 1550 nm; according to the statistical characteristics of historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum of the detected region, at least two infrared detection wavelengths are configured for coarse mode type aerosol, at least two ultraviolet detection wavelengths are configured for fine mode type aerosol, and the number of the detection wavelengths of a visible light wave band is enhanced for intermediate mode type aerosol.
As a preferred technical scheme: the coarse mode type aerosol refers to aerosol particles with effective particle size larger than 1 mu m obtained through statistics by utilizing historical observation data of a particle size spectrum, and the fine mode type aerosol refers to aerosol particles with effective particle size smaller than 0.3 mu m obtained through statistics by utilizing historical observation data of the particle size spectrum; the intermediate mode type aerosol refers to aerosol particles with effective particle size between 0.3 and 1 mu m obtained by statistics according to historical observation data of a particle size spectrum.
As a preferred technical scheme: the aerosol particle size spectrum historical observation data adopts observation data published internationally by an AERONET global sunshine photometer observation network.
As a preferred technical scheme: when the historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum in the region type are counted, the observation sites published by an AERONET global sunshine meteorograph observation network are searched nearby to obtain the historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum in the detected region, and the statistical analysis is carried out on the historical observation data in one year and more. For areas where historical observation data are difficult to obtain, aerosols are classified into types of pollution, dust, sea salt and background areas according to regional geographic features. The industrial and urban areas mainly use fine-modal pollution type aerosol, the desert areas mainly use coarse-modal sand-dust type aerosol, the ocean areas mainly use coarse-modal sea salt type aerosol, and the other areas can be classified into intermediate-modal land background type aerosol.
As a preferred technical scheme: the miniaturized laser light source meets the requirements of a micro-pulse system laser radar, and comprises a pulse type solid or semiconductor laser light source, wherein the miniaturization index requirements are that the pulse repetition frequency is higher than 1KHz, the single pulse energy is between 10 muJ and 100 muJ, and the single pulse width is less than 10 ns; meanwhile, the solid or semiconductor laser light source has multiple emission wavelengths for selection in a 266 nm-1550 nm waveband range, and the detection requirements of the extinction spectral characteristics of aerosols in different regions are met.
As a preferred technical scheme: the core of the array type micro-pulse laser radar is an array type combined optical transceiver module, each two detection channels with similar wavelengths form one optical transceiver module, so that transceiver optical path design and optical processing are facilitated, and 2 times n wavelengths are simultaneously detected through the array type combination of n groups of optical transceiver modules; and adjusting the combination of the optical transceiver module according to the scale characteristics of the aerosol of the detected region type, matching the required detection wavelength and realizing the detection of the extinction spectra of the aerosol of different region types.
As a preferred technical scheme: every two detection channels with similar wavelengths form an optical transceiver module, and laser emission and signal reception of a plurality of detection wavelengths are realized through the combination of a plurality of optical transceiver modules. Compared with the traditional multi-wavelength laser radar which uses a single-port large-diameter telescope and combines the scheme of step-by-step color separation and reception of echo signals, the multi-wavelength laser radar has the advantages that the complexity of a transmitting-receiving light path is reduced, the cost of the system is optimized, the reliability of the laser radar system is improved, and meanwhile, the problem of continuous loss of the energy of the echo signals caused by the step-by-step color separation process of the traditional scheme is avoided, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of all detected wavelength echo signals is guaranteed.
As a preferred technical scheme: the optical transceiver module adopts the transmission coaxial design of integrating the transmitting light path, the receiving light path and the receiving telescope, the caliber of the receiving telescope is not more than 100mm, the optical transceiver module is convenient to install and combine in an array manner, each group of optical transceiver modules realize connection and combination through a mechanical guide rail, the optical axes of the optical transceiver modules are ensured to be parallel, and the equidirectional pointing detection of all wavelengths is ensured.
As a preferred technical scheme: the array type micro-pulse laser radar is used for detecting wavelength distribution, aiming at area type aerosol with particle size distribution mainly in a coarse mode, two detection wavelengths are set in a wave band interval from 1064nm to 1550nm, and other detection wavelengths are set between 355nm and 1064 nm; aiming at the region type aerosol with the particle size distribution mainly in a fine mode, two detection wavelengths are set in a waveband interval of 266nm to 355nm, and other detection wavelengths are set between 532nm to 1064 nm; aiming at the region type aerosol with the particle size distribution mainly in the middle mode, an ultraviolet and an infrared detection wavelength are set in a wave band interval from 355nm to 1064nm, and the rest detection wavelengths are set in a visible light wave band. Meanwhile, the wavelength distribution setting needs to be careful to avoid strong absorption peaks of individual atmospheric water vapor.
As a preferred technical scheme: the distance resolution ratio detected by the array type micro-pulse laser radar is not more than 30m, and the technical requirement of high spatial resolution detection capability of aerosol extinction characteristics is met; a narrow-band filter is arranged in each wavelength detection channel of the array type micro-pulse laser radar, the optical bandwidth of the narrow-band filter is not more than 1nm, and the narrow-band filter is used for inhibiting sky background light interference and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
As a preferred technical scheme: the array type micro-pulse laser radar optical transceiver modules are connected into a whole through the mechanical guide rail, finally, the mechanical guide rail is arranged on the three-dimensional scanning holder, the array type micro-pulse laser radar has two working states of horizontal detection and vertical detection by means of the three-dimensional scanning holder, when the laser radar vertically detects, the extinction coefficient is obtained by adopting a Fernald data inversion method, and when the laser radar horizontally detects, the extinction coefficient is obtained by adopting a segmented slope data inversion method.
As a preferred technical scheme: the data processing software is used for obtaining aerosol extinction coefficients of discrete wavelengths through inversion, and the aerosol extinction spectrum curve fitting method is characterized in that on the basis of the discrete wavelength extinction coefficients, a quadratic polynomial fitting algorithm is adopted to obtain aerosol extinction spectrum curves of continuous wavelengths and spatial distribution information of aerosol extinction spectra.
The device for realizing the aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro-pulse laser radar comprises a solid or semiconductor laser light source, an optical transceiver module, an array type unit consisting of a plurality of optical transceiver modules, and a laser radar data acquisition and control unit, wherein the data acquisition and control unit comprises a data detection and acquisition module and a laser radar control module. The echo light signal of optics transceiver module output passes through data detection and collection module, converts the signal of telecommunication into and the storage, and laser radar control module connects solid or semiconductor laser light source, data detection and collection module for adjustment laser radar working sequence and detection mode, laser radar adopts the micro-pulse detection system.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention utilizes the atmospheric detection laser radar with high spatial resolution detection capability, and utilizes one device to simultaneously realize the spectral resolution and the observation of spatial distribution of the extinction characteristic of the aerosol by greatly increasing the multi-wavelength detection capability of the laser radar. Through investigation, compared with the defect that the traditional laser radar technology only focuses on detecting the spatial distribution of the extinction coefficients of the aerosol, the invention realizes the effective detection of the extinction spectrum of the aerosol; compared with the defect that the cavity enhanced absorption or cavity ring-down spectrum in-situ measurement technology can only measure a single-point aerosol extinction spectrum, the invention can realize the detection of the spatial distribution of the aerosol extinction spectrum in a remote sensing mode; compared with the defect that only the whole layer of atmospheric average aerosol extinction spectrum can be measured by a solar photometer or a spectrum passive remote sensing technology, the invention can realize the aerosol extinction spectrum detection with distance resolution.
(2) The invention provides a method for optimizing and configuring the number of detection wavelengths and wavelength distribution of a multi-wavelength laser radar by utilizing the historical observation data of particle size spectrums of aerosols in main global regions, and simultaneously, the flexible configuration of the number of the detection wavelengths and the wavelength distribution is realized on engineering through the array combination of optical transceiver modules, so that the requirements of extinction spectrum characteristics of aerosols in different regions and fine detection are met.
(3) The invention optimizes the complicated transceiving optical structure of the traditional multi-wavelength laser radar into an integrated optical transceiving module, and solves the problems of complicated transceiving optical path structure, difficult film coating of color separation/light splitting optical devices, reduced transmissivity of a receiving optical path and the like of the traditional multi-wavelength laser radar through the array combination of a plurality of groups of optical transceiving modules; meanwhile, on the premise of considering the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the laser radar, the cost, the volume and the power consumption of the laser radar system are reduced, and the engineering design of the system is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical transceiver module;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array of optical transceiver modules;
fig. 3 is a pictorial view of an array-type optical transceiver unit assembled by mechanical guide rails.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. The following examples are only for explaining the present invention, the scope of the present invention shall include the full contents of the claims, and the full contents of the claims of the present invention can be fully realized by those skilled in the art through the following examples.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
An aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on an array type micro-pulse laser radar is characterized in that the number of detection wavelengths of the laser radar is greatly increased on the basis of an atmospheric detection laser radar with high spatial resolution detection capability, the detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is optimally configured in a wave band interval with concentrated main solar radiation energy by utilizing the statistical characteristics of aerosol particle size spectrum historical observation data, a continuous wavelength extinction spectrum curve is obtained by utilizing a sufficient number of discrete wavelength extinction coefficients and based on a polynomial fitting method, and further the simultaneous detection of the spectral resolution and the spatial distribution of the aerosol extinction characteristics is realized. In order to solve the engineering and cost control problems of the laser radar after the number of the detection wavelengths is greatly increased, an optical transceiver module with an integrated transmitting light path and receiving light path is developed, the size, power consumption and cost of the laser radar are reduced by using a method of array combination of the optical transceiver module, the signal-to-noise ratio of echo signals of all wavelengths is guaranteed while the detection wavelengths are increased, and meanwhile, the capacity of flexibly configuring the number and wavelength distribution of the detection wavelengths is achieved.
As a preferred technical scheme: when the historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum in the region type are counted, the observation sites published by an AERONET global sunshine meteorograph observation network are searched nearby to obtain the historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum in the detected region, and the statistical analysis is carried out on the historical observation data in one year and more. For areas where historical observation data are difficult to obtain, aerosols are classified into types of pollution, dust, sea salt and background areas according to regional geographic features. The industrial and urban areas mainly use fine-modal pollution type aerosol, the desert areas mainly use coarse-modal sand-dust type aerosol, the ocean areas mainly use coarse-modal sea salt type aerosol, and the other areas can be classified into intermediate-modal land background type aerosol.
As a preferred technical scheme: every two detection channels with similar wavelengths form an optical transceiver module, and laser emission and signal reception of a plurality of detection wavelengths are realized through the combination of a plurality of optical transceiver modules. Compared with the traditional multi-wavelength laser radar which uses a single-port large-diameter telescope and combines the scheme of step-by-step color separation and reception of echo signals, the multi-wavelength laser radar has the advantages that the complexity of a transmitting-receiving light path is reduced, the cost of the system is optimized, the reliability of the laser radar system is improved, and meanwhile, the problem of continuous loss of the energy of the echo signals caused by the step-by-step color separation process of the traditional scheme is avoided, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of all detected wavelength echo signals is guaranteed.
As a preferred technical scheme: the array type micro-pulse laser radar is used for detecting wavelength distribution, aiming at area type aerosol with particle size distribution mainly in a coarse mode, two detection wavelengths are set in a wave band interval from 1064nm to 1550nm, and other detection wavelengths are set between 355nm and 1064 nm; aiming at the region type aerosol with the particle size distribution mainly in a fine mode, two detection wavelengths are set in a waveband interval of 266nm to 355nm, and other detection wavelengths are set between 532nm to 1064 nm; aiming at the region type aerosol with the particle size distribution mainly in the middle mode, an ultraviolet and an infrared detection wavelength are set in a wave band interval from 355nm to 1064nm, and the rest detection wavelengths are set in a visible light wave band. Meanwhile, the wavelength distribution setting needs to be careful to avoid strong absorption peaks of individual atmospheric water vapor.
As a preferred technical scheme: the distance resolution ratio detected by the array type micro-pulse laser radar is not more than 30m, and the technical requirement of high spatial resolution detection capability of aerosol extinction characteristics is met; a narrow-band filter is arranged in each wavelength detection channel of the array type micro-pulse laser radar, the optical bandwidth of the narrow-band filter is not more than 1nm, and the narrow-band filter is used for inhibiting sky background light interference and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
As a preferred technical scheme: the array type micro-pulse laser radar optical transceiver modules are connected into a whole through the mechanical guide rail, finally, the mechanical guide rail is arranged on the three-dimensional scanning holder, the array type micro-pulse laser radar has two working states of horizontal detection and vertical detection by means of the three-dimensional scanning holder, when the laser radar vertically detects, the extinction coefficient is obtained by adopting a Fernald data inversion method, and when the laser radar horizontally detects, the extinction coefficient is obtained by adopting a segmented slope data inversion method.
Firstly, explaining a structural block diagram of an optical transceiver module, in fig. 1, every two detection channels with similar wavelengths form an optical transceiver module, a receiving light path and a transmitting light path adopt a transmission coaxial type integrated design, emergent laser with each wavelength firstly passes through a beam expander to complete laser divergence angle compression, laser with two wavelengths passes through a transflective mirror to complete beam combination and is emitted into the atmosphere through a telescope shared by transmitting and receiving, scattered echo signals generated by aerosol and air molecules in the atmosphere are received by the telescope and then are collimated through a diaphragm and a lens, the optical transceiver module is led out through an optical fiber, and signal acquisition and recording are completed through a data acquisition and control unit. Fig. 2 is an array combination block diagram of the optical transceiver modules and a connection relationship between the optical transceiver modules and other units of the laser radar, and fig. 2 includes at least three groups of optical transceiver modules and a data acquisition and control unit, wherein the data acquisition and control unit includes a data detection and acquisition module and a laser radar control module. The echo light signal output by the optical transceiver module is converted into an electric signal and stored through the data detection and acquisition module, and the laser radar control module is connected with the solid or semiconductor laser light source and the data detection and acquisition module and used for adjusting the working time sequence and the detection mode of the laser radar. Fig. 3 is a real object of optical transceiver modules assembled in an array, which includes three sets of optical transceiver modules and a mechanical guide rail for fixing the three sets of optical transceiver modules, wherein the optical transceiver modules are connected in parallel via the mechanical guide rail and all wavelengths are detected in the same direction; and optical signal connection is realized between each group of optical transceiver modules and the laser radar data acquisition and control unit through optical fibers, and electric signal connection is realized through coaxial cables and signal wires.
The specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
(1) according to the geographical position of the observation area, an AERONET global solar photometer observation network observation point is searched nearby, aerosol particle size spectrum observation data of more than 1 year are downloaded, and statistical analysis is carried out. And classifying the aerosol type of the detected region into one of a fine mode, a coarse mode or an intermediate mode according to the statistical result of the scale distribution characteristics.
(2) And setting the detection wavelength distribution of the array type micro-pulse laser radar according to the aerosol scale characteristics of the detected area. Taking the long delta area in the middle east of China as an example, the area is a main industrial and urban distribution area in China, the AERONET global sunlight meter observation network has three observation places in Taihu lake, Shou county and Hangzhou, and relevant statistical data shows that aerosol in the area is mainly pollution-type fine particles. Therefore, aiming at the detection of the aerosol type in the area, according to the detection wavelength configuration method provided by the invention, the wavelengths of commercial semiconductor lasers are combined, the array type laser radar is provided with 6 detection wavelengths, two ultraviolet detection wave bands of 266nm and 355nm are set, the detection of fine particles is enhanced by using the short wavelengths, and other detection wavelengths are set at 532nm, 660nm, 785nm and 1064 nm.
(3) According to the principle that the detection wavelengths of the optical transceiver modules are close to each other and combined, the optical transceiver module 1 comprises 266nm detection wavelengths and 355nm detection wavelengths, the optical transceiver module 2 comprises 532nm detection wavelengths and 660nm detection wavelengths, and the optical transceiver module 3 comprises 785nm detection wavelengths and 1064nm detection wavelengths.
(4) Taking an array type micro-pulse laser radar atmospheric vertical pointing detection state as an example, an aerosol extinction coefficient distributed along with the detection height is obtained through inversion by a Fernald method, and a continuous wavelength aerosol extinction spectrum is obtained in a wave band interval from 266nm to 1064nm by utilizing the obtained 6 discrete wavelength extinction coefficients and based on a quadratic polynomial fitting formula.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and implementations of the invention, the scope of which is therefore defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on an array type micro-pulse laser radar is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, setting detection wavelength distribution of a laser radar in a wave band interval with concentrated main solar radiation energy by utilizing statistical characteristics of historical observation data of aerosol particle size spectrum; preferably, aerosol particle size spectrum historical observation data are utilized to count particle size spectrum distribution characteristics of the aerosol in the global main region type, and detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is optimally set in a band interval with concentrated solar main radiation energy according to a scattering scale parameter matching principle of a detected particle size and a detection wavelength in an aerosol particle Mie scattering theory and by combining availability of output wavelengths of a miniaturized laser light source;
step 2, increasing the detection wavelength number of the laser radar on the basis of the atmospheric detection laser radar with the spatial resolution detection capability;
step 3, the laser radar adopts a micro-pulse detection system; an array combination method of a plurality of optical transceiving modules is adopted by utilizing an optical transceiving module with an integrated transmitting light path and a receiving light path;
step 4, obtaining a continuous wavelength extinction spectrum curve by utilizing the discrete wavelength extinction coefficient based on a polynomial fitting method, and realizing the simultaneous detection of spectral resolution and spatial distribution of the aerosol extinction characteristic; preferably, according to echo signals of various wavelengths acquired by the array type micro pulse laser radar, data processing software is utilized to obtain aerosol extinction coefficients of discrete wavelengths and distance resolution spatial distribution information of the extinction coefficients in an inversion mode, curve fitting is carried out on the discrete wavelength extinction coefficients based on a polynomial fitting method, and aerosol extinction spectrums of continuous wavelengths and spatial distribution characteristics of the aerosol extinction spectrums are synchronously obtained.
2. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the waveband interval in which the main solar radiation energy is concentrated is 266 nm-1550 nm, and the laser radar is required to have the capability of acquiring an aerosol extinction spectrum in the waveband interval; the laser radar measures the extinction coefficient of narrow bandwidth and discrete wavelength with the bandwidth less than 1nm, and in order to enable an extinction spectrum curve obtained by utilizing the fitting of the extinction coefficient of the discrete wavelength to reflect the aerosol extinction spectrum characteristics in a waveband interval of 266nm to 1550nm, the number of the detection wavelengths of the laser radar needs to be up to 6 or more.
3. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1, wherein detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is set, and the detection wavelength distribution of the laser radar is in a waveband range of 266nm to 1550 nm; according to the statistical characteristics of historical observation data of the aerosol particle size spectrum of the detected region, at least two infrared detection wavelengths are configured for coarse mode type aerosol, at least two ultraviolet detection wavelengths are configured for fine mode type aerosol, and the number of the detection wavelengths of a visible light wave band is enhanced for intermediate mode type aerosol.
4. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 3, wherein the coarse mode type aerosol is aerosol particles with an effective particle size larger than 1 μm obtained through statistics of historical observation data of a particle size spectrum, and the fine mode type aerosol is aerosol particles with an effective particle size smaller than 0.3 μm obtained through statistics of historical observation data of a particle size spectrum; the intermediate mode type aerosol refers to aerosol particles with effective particle size between 0.3 and 1 mu m obtained by statistics according to historical observation data of a particle size spectrum.
5. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the aerosol particle size spectrum historical observation data adopts observation data published internationally by AERONET Global Sun Meter observation network.
6. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro-pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the miniaturized laser light source meets the requirements of a micro-pulse system laser radar, and comprises a pulse type solid or semiconductor laser light source, and the miniaturization index requirements are that the pulse repetition frequency is higher than 1KHz, the single pulse energy is between 10 muJ and 100 muJ, and the single pulse width is less than 10 ns; meanwhile, the solid or semiconductor laser light source has multiple emission wavelengths for selection in a 266 nm-1550 nm waveband range, and the detection requirements of the extinction spectral characteristics of aerosols in different regions are met.
7. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core of the array type micro pulse laser radar is an array type combined optical transceiver module, each two detection channels with similar wavelengths form an optical transceiver module, so that transceiver optical path design and optical processing are facilitated, and simultaneous detection of 2 times n wavelengths is realized through the array type combination of n groups of optical transceiver modules; and adjusting the combination of the optical transceiver module according to the scale characteristics of the aerosol of the detected region type, matching the required detection wavelength and realizing the detection of the extinction spectra of the aerosol of different region types.
8. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the optical transceiver modules adopt a transmission coaxial type design integrating a transmitting light path, a receiving light path and a receiving telescope, the caliber of the receiving telescope is not more than 100mm, the installation and array type combination of the optical transceiver modules are convenient, the optical transceiver modules of each group are connected and combined through a mechanical guide rail, the optical axes of the optical transceiver modules are ensured to be parallel, and the homodromous pointing detection of all wavelengths is ensured.
9. The aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method based on the array type micro pulse laser radar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data processing software is used for obtaining an aerosol extinction coefficient of a discrete wavelength through inversion, and the aerosol extinction spectrum curve fitting method is used for obtaining an aerosol extinction spectrum curve of a continuous wavelength and spatial distribution information of an aerosol extinction spectrum by adopting a quadratic polynomial fitting algorithm on the basis of the discrete wavelength extinction coefficient.
10. An apparatus for implementing the array type micro-pulse laser radar-based aerosol extinction spectrum measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the system comprises a solid or semiconductor laser light source, an optical transceiver module, an array unit consisting of a plurality of optical transceiver modules, and a laser radar data acquisition and control unit, wherein the data acquisition and control unit comprises a data detection and acquisition module and a laser radar control module; the echo light signal of optics transceiver module output passes through data detection and collection module, converts the signal of telecommunication into and the storage, and laser radar control module connects solid or semiconductor laser light source, data detection and collection module for adjustment laser radar working sequence and detection mode, laser radar adopts the micro-pulse detection system.
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