CN108332962B - Experimental loading device and method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability - Google Patents
Experimental loading device and method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
Relates to an experimental loading device for external instability of parallel assembled double arch surfaces, comprising: the lifting jack comprises a lifting jack base adjusting block, a pulling and pressing lifting jack, an upright post, a bottom beam, a counter-force beam, a sliding groove, a rolling shaft and a rigid wedge block. The upper end face of the bottom beam is provided with a support for placing the parallel assembled double-arch ring, the counter-force beam is provided with a jack base adjusting block, and the jack base adjusting block is provided with a radial pulling and pressing jack which is always parallel to the circular arc of the parallel assembled double-arch ring; the sliding groove is arranged at the lower part of the jack base adjusting block, the rigid wedge block is arranged at the upper part of the pulling and pressing jack, the rolling shaft is arranged in the sliding groove, and the rigid wedge block is positioned below the rolling shaft; the bottom surface of the sliding groove is a chute surface, the upper surface of the rigid wedge block is a wedge surface, the wedge surface is parallel to the chute surface, and the rolling shaft rolls on the chute surface. The device avoids the interference of friction force, and is more real and reliable. And also relates to an experimental loading method for parallel assembly double-arch external instability. Belongs to the technical field of bridge structure experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge structure experiments, in particular to an experimental loading device and method for parallel assembly double-arch external instability.
Background
The parallel double arch is a combined arch form widely applied in the bridge engineering field and the industry and civil engineering field, and the parallel double arch structure provided with the transverse support has the characteristics of different structural forms in the industry and civil engineering field and the bridge engineering field, but the stability problem is one of important factors restricting the safety and the economy of the structural system with the transverse support rigidity far smaller than the rigidity of the main arch rib. Particularly, in order to meet the requirements of mechanical properties and large span of the large-span bridge, high-strength materials and thin-wall structures are increasingly adopted, and the stability problem is increasingly remarkable. According to the stress characteristics of the arch structure, under the action of load, the arch feet generate horizontal thrust, the bending moment generated by external load is converted into axial pressure by utilizing the curve arch shaft, and the instability of the arch structure caused by the axial pressure often becomes a key problem in design.
Therefore, the experimental loading device for the external instability of the parallel assembled double arch surface is required to be provided, and the loading process can be more consistent with the stress of the assembled arch structure in the actual engineering, so that the failure mode of the external instability of the parallel assembled double arch surface can be reflected more truly, and the experimental loading device has important significance for the research of the external stability of the parallel assembled double arch surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental loading device for external instability of parallel assembled double arches, which avoids the interference of friction force between a pulling and pressing jack and a jack base adjusting block on an experiment, and can enable the loading process to be more consistent with the stress of an assembled arch structure in actual engineering, thereby reflecting the failure mode of external instability of the parallel assembled double arches more truly.
The invention further aims to provide an experimental loading method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability. The method adopts a loading mode of synchronous loading and graded loading, and can reflect the failure mode of external instability of the parallel assembled double arch more truly.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental loading device for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability, which is used for the out-of-plane instability experiment of parallel assembly double-arch rings, and comprises the following components: the jack comprises a rigid foundation frame, a support, a jack base adjusting block and a pulling and pressing jack; the rigid foundation framework comprises two upright posts which are vertically arranged, a bottom beam which is arranged at the lower end of the upright posts, and a counter-force beam which is movably arranged on the upright posts, wherein a support is arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom beam, parallel assembled double-arch rings are arranged on the support along the left-right direction, five jack base adjusting blocks are arranged on the counter-force beam, and each jack base adjusting block is provided with a pulling and pressing jack which is always parallel to the radial arc of the parallel assembled double-arch rings; the device also comprises a sliding groove, a rolling shaft and a rigid wedge block; the sliding groove is connected to the lower part of the jack base adjusting block, the rigid wedge block is connected to the upper part of the pulling and pressing jack, a roller capable of freely rolling is arranged in the sliding groove, and the rigid wedge block is positioned below the roller; the bottom surface of the sliding groove is a chute surface, the upper surface of the rigid wedge block is a wedge surface, the wedge surface and the chute surface are parallel to each other, the wedge surface and the chute surface are inclined along the front-back direction, and the rolling shaft rolls on the chute surface.
Preferably, the chute face is inclined 5 ° below the horizontal plane. After the structure is adopted, the component force of the total acting force of the roller on the chute surface is equal to the friction force, the directions of the component force and the friction force are opposite, and the resultant force in the direction of the friction force is zero. The influence of friction force on experiments is effectively avoided, so that the loading process is more consistent with the stress of the assembled arch structure in the actual engineering. The experimental data is more real and reliable. In addition, the inclined angle of 5 degrees also ensures that the rolling shaft does not generate friction self-locking when sliding.
Preferably, the cam surface is inclined 5 ° below the horizontal plane. After the structure is adopted, the pulling and pressing jack is connected with the rigid wedge block, the inclination angles of the inclined groove surface and the inclined wedge surface are equal and opposite, so that the pulling and pressing jack can always be parallel to the radial direction of the circular arc of the parallel assembled double-arch ring when sliding forwards and backwards. The loading process is more consistent with the stress of the assembled arch structure in the actual engineering. The experimental data is more real and reliable.
Preferably, the device also comprises a distribution beam, wherein the upper end of the distribution beam is sleeved with a pulling and pressing jack, and the lower end of the distribution beam is clamped with the parallel assembled double-arch ring. After the structure is adopted, the distributing beam is utilized to distribute the force applied by the pulling and pressing jack to the parallel assembled double-arch ring. The parallel assembled double-arch ring is uniformly stressed, and the loading process is more consistent with the stress in the actual engineering.
Preferably, a sleeve seat for sleeving the loading head of the pulling and pressing jack is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the distribution beam, two circular arc grooves for clamping the parallel assembled double-arch ring are respectively arranged at two ends of the lower side of the distribution beam, the distance between the two circular arc grooves is equal to the width of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, and the two circular arc grooves are uniformly distributed on two sides of the sleeve seat. After the structure is adopted, the parallel assembled double-arch ring is uniformly stressed, and bias is avoided.
Preferably, five pulling and pressing jacks are respectively arranged at 1/6, 1/3 and 1/2 spans of the parallel assembled double-arch ring. After the structure is adopted, the uniform load can be approximately simulated at 5 equal positions on the parallel assembled double-arch ring.
Preferably, the device also comprises two counterforce brackets, wherein the upper part of each counterforce bracket is anchored with Yu Fanli beams, and the lower part of each counterforce bracket is anchored with the bottom beam; the two counter-force brackets are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, and movable screw rods are arranged on the counter-force brackets at the positions corresponding to the parallel assembled double-arch ring. After the structure is adopted, the stability of the device is improved, and the side force can be loaded on the parallel assembled double-arch ring by utilizing the counter-force support and the screw rod, so that the size and the direction of the defects of the parallel assembled double-arch ring are unified.
Preferably, the magnitude of the lateral force applied to the parallel double-arch ring by the counter-force bracket and the screw is such that the arch top of the parallel double-arch ring generates an out-of-plane displacement of five percent of the length of the arch axis.
Preferably, the lifting jack further comprises two side-shifting prevention ejector rods, one ends of the side-shifting prevention ejector rods are connected to one side of a jack base adjusting block corresponding to a pulling and pressing jack at 1/6 span of the parallel assembled double arch face arch ring, and the other ends of the side-shifting prevention ejector rods are connected to the upright post in a vertically movable mode. After the structure is adopted, the side-shifting prevention ejector rod can prevent the side shifting of the jack base adjusting block caused by the large-range movement of the pulling and pressing jack. The stability of the device structure is ensured.
An experimental loading method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability comprises the following steps:
(1) Loading lateral force: the screw is used for applying out-of-plane load to the vaults of the parallel assembled double-arch rings, so that the sizes and directions of the defects are unified, and the amplitude of the defects is five percent of the length of an arch axis; (2) preloading: calculating the actual condition of the simulation model by using ANSYS finite element software, obtaining a load displacement curve, predicting the ultimate bearing capacity and deformation of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, pre-loading, simultaneously comparing the pre-loading with the finite element result in time, judging whether the result is reasonable or not, and carrying out formal loading if no problem exists; (3) formal loading: the loading mode of synchronous loading and graded loading is adopted, namely, five jacks keep the same load to be synchronously loaded, and the data of the whole loading process is recorded by a data acquisition instrument; when the test starts, loading each stage of load according to 10% of the limit load of finite element simulation, wherein the loading middle of each stage needs to last for 5 minutes; when the load reaches 70% of the limit load, the load of each stage is reduced to 5% of the limit load; after 90% is reached, the load per stage is reduced to 1% of the limit load; after the load reaches the limit load, the load is continuously and slowly applied; and recording the limit of the movement range reached by the pulling and pressing jack, and ending the test.
Preferably, in step (2), the preload is applied in 4 stages, each stage being incremented by 5% at 20% of the capacity; when each stage of loading reaches the limit value, the loading is continued for 5 minutes. The loading is safer by adopting a grading loading mode, and the parallel assembled double-arch ring is prevented from being damaged due to overload.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the pulling and pressing jack applies pressure to the parallel assembled double-arch ring, the parallel assembled double-arch ring deflects outwards to drive the pulling and pressing jack to deflect together. If the pulling and pressing jack is not easy to slide due to friction force, the pulling and pressing jack becomes a factor for restraining the outer displacement of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, so that the influence of the friction force on an experiment needs to be avoided. The invention adopts the mode that the component force of the total acting force of the roller on the chute surface counteracts the friction force to eliminate the influence of the friction force on the experiment. As shown in fig. 11, if the friction coefficient μ between the roller and the chute surface of the slide groove is known, the formula Fsin θ=f is used Friction force And f Friction force When the inclination angle of the inclined groove surface of the sliding groove is theta, the component force of the total acting force of the roller on the inclined groove surface is equal to the friction force, opposite in direction and zero in the direction of the friction force, and the sliding of the pulling and pressing jack can be ensured to be unconstrained. In order to ensure that the load applied by the pulling and pressing jack is always vertical to the tangent line of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, namely, the load is parallel to the radial direction of the circular arc of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, the inclined wedge surface of the rigid wedge block is equal to the inclined groove surface in inclination angle, and the inclination directions are opposite. (wherein μ is a friction coefficient, θ is an acute included angle between the chute face and the horizontal plane, f Friction force The friction force between the roller and the chute surface is F is the total acting force of the roller to the chute surface
The sliding groove with the inclined bottom surface is combined with the rigid wedge block with the inclined upper surface, and the rolling shaft rolls on the inclined groove surface of the inclined sliding groove, so that when the parallel assembled double-arch ring is unstable, the pulling and pressing jack can be always vertical to the tangent line of the parallel assembled double-arch ring.
In general, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the situation of external instability of the parallel assembled double arch surfaces is simulated by applying a load which always keeps the vertical arch axis and moves along with the arch rings, the loading process is more consistent with the stress of the assembled arch structures in the actual engineering, the damage mode of the external instability of the parallel assembled double arch surfaces can be reflected more truly, and the method has important significance for researching the external stability of the parallel assembled double arch surfaces.
2. The arrangement of the inclined groove surface and the inclined wedge surface effectively eliminates the influence of friction force on experiments, so that the loading process is more consistent with the stress of the assembled arch structure in the actual engineering. The experimental data is more real and reliable. In addition, the inclined angle of 5 degrees also ensures that the rolling shaft does not generate friction self-locking when sliding.
3. The loading mode of synchronous loading and staged loading is adopted, so that the failure mode of external instability of the parallel assembled double arch surfaces can be reflected more truly, and overload can be effectively prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a parallel assembled double arch ring model of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the jack mount adjustment block of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the jack base adjustment block of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an elevation view of the slide channel, roller, rigid wedge and pull and press jack of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the roller mounting in the sliding channel of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front view of the dispensing beam of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a top view of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a side view of the reaction bracket.
Fig. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the principle of canceling friction force.
The marks in the figure: the lifting jack comprises a 1-bottom beam, a 2-upright post, a 3-counter-force beam, a 4-support, a 5-parallel assembled double-arch ring, a 6-lateral movement preventing ejector rod, a 7-jack base adjusting block, an 8-sliding groove, a 9-roller, a 10-rigid wedge block, a 11-pulling and pressing jack, a 12-distribution beam, a 13-screw and a nut, a 14-counter-force support, a 15-sleeve seat and a 16-arc groove, wherein F is the total acting force of the roller on a chute surface, and theta is the included angle between the chute surface and the horizontal plane.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An experimental loading device for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability, comprising: the device comprises a rigid foundation framework, a support, a jack base adjusting block, a pulling and pressing jack, a side-shifting prevention ejector rod, a distribution beam and a counterforce support.
The rigid foundation framework comprises two upright posts which are vertically arranged, a bottom beam welded at the lower ends of the upright posts and a counter-force beam anchored on the upright posts through high-strength bolts, the support is arranged on the upper end face of the bottom beam, the parallel assembled double-arch ring is arranged on the support along the left-right direction, the support is anchored on the bottom beam and the upright posts through bolts, and an anchor plate is reserved on the support and is used for connecting arch legs of the parallel assembled double-arch through bolts. The five jack base adjusting blocks are connected with the counter-force beam through screws and nuts and are positioned below the counter-force beam, and each jack base adjusting block is provided with a radial pulling and pressing jack which is always parallel to the circular arc of the parallel assembled double-arch ring; the lower part of the jack base adjusting block is provided with a sliding groove, and the sliding groove is connected with the jack base adjusting block through a bolt. The bottom surface of the sliding groove is a chute surface, and the chute surface is inclined by 5 degrees along the lower part of the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, when the chute surface is inclined by 5 ° along the lower side of the horizontal plane, the component force of the total acting force of the roller on the chute surface is equal to the friction force, opposite in direction and zero in the direction of the friction force. The influence of friction force on experiments is effectively eliminated, so that the loading process is more consistent with the stress of the assembled arch structure in the actual engineering. The experimental data is more real and reliable. The sliding groove is internally provided with a roller capable of freely rolling, a rigid wedge block is arranged below the roller, the roller is fixedly connected with the rigid wedge block through a bolt, and the pulling and pressing jack is connected with the rigid wedge block through a bolt. The upper surface of the rigid wedge block is a wedge surface, the wedge surface is inclined by 5 degrees along the lower part of the horizontal plane, the wedge surface is parallel to the chute surface, and the rolling shaft is arranged between the chute surface and the wedge surface and rolls on the chute surface.
The distributing beam is provided with a sleeve joint seat and an arc groove; the upper end of the distribution beam is sleeved with the loading head of the pulling and pressing jack through a sleeve seat, and the lower end of the distribution beam is clamped at 1/6, 1/3 and 1/2 of the parallel assembled double-arch ring through an arc groove. And the tension and compression jack is utilized to distribute the force applied by the parallel assembled double-arch ring. The parallel assembled double-arch ring is uniformly stressed, and the loading process is more consistent with the stress in the actual engineering. The two circular arc grooves of the distribution beam are uniformly distributed on the two sides of the sleeving seat. So that the parallel assembled double-arch ring is uniformly stressed and bias is avoided.
Anchoring the Yu Fanli beam above the counterforce bracket, and anchoring the bottom beam below the counterforce bracket; the two counter-force brackets are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, and movable screw rods are arranged on the counter-force brackets at the positions corresponding to the parallel assembled double-arch ring. The device stability is improved, and the counter-force support and the screw rod can be utilized to load lateral force on the parallel assembled double-arch ring, so that the size and the direction of the defects of the parallel assembled double-arch ring are unified.
One end of the side-shifting prevention ejector rod is connected to one side of a jack base adjusting block corresponding to a drawing and pressing jack at 1/6 span of the parallel assembled double arch ring, and the other end of the side-shifting prevention ejector rod is connected to the upright post in a vertically movable manner through a screw rod and a nut. The side-shifting prevention ejector rod can prevent the side shifting of the jack base adjusting block caused by the large-range movement of the pulling and pressing jack. The stability of the device structure is ensured.
An experimental loading method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability comprises the following steps:
(1) Loading lateral force: the screw is used for applying out-of-plane load to the vaults of the parallel assembled double-arch rings, so that the sizes and directions of the defects are unified, and the amplitude of the defects is five percent of the length of an arch axis; (2) preloading: calculating the actual condition of the simulation model by using ANSYS finite element software, obtaining a load displacement curve, predicting the ultimate bearing capacity and deformation of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, pre-loading, simultaneously comparing the pre-loading with the finite element result in time, judging whether the result is reasonable or not, and carrying out formal loading if no problem exists; (3) formal loading: the loading mode of synchronous loading and graded loading is adopted, namely, five jacks keep the same load to be synchronously loaded, and the data of the whole loading process is recorded by a data acquisition instrument; when the test starts, loading each stage of load according to 10% of the limit load of finite element simulation, wherein the loading middle of each stage needs to last for 5 minutes; when the load reaches 70% of the limit load, the load of each stage is reduced to 5% of the limit load; after 90% is reached, the load per stage is reduced to 1% of the limit load; after the load reaches the limit load, the load is continuously and slowly applied; and recording the limit of the movement range reached by the pulling and pressing jack, and ending the test.
In the step (2), the preloading is carried out according to 20% of the capacity, the preloading is carried out in 4 stages, and each stage is increased by 5%; when each stage of loading reaches the limit value, the loading is continued for 5 minutes. The loading is safer by adopting a grading loading mode, and the parallel assembled double-arch ring is prevented from being damaged due to overload.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An experimental loading device for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability is used for parallel assembly double-arch ring out-of-plane instability experiments, and is characterized by comprising: the jack comprises a rigid foundation frame, a support, a jack base adjusting block and a pulling and pressing jack; the rigid foundation framework comprises two upright posts which are vertically arranged, a bottom beam which is arranged at the lower end of the upright posts, and a counter-force beam which is movably arranged on the upright posts, wherein a support is arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom beam, parallel assembled double-arch rings are arranged on the support along the left-right direction, five jack base adjusting blocks are arranged on the counter-force beam, and each jack base adjusting block is provided with a pulling and pressing jack which is always parallel to the radial arc of the parallel assembled double-arch rings;
the device also comprises a sliding groove, a rolling shaft and a rigid wedge block; the sliding groove is connected to the lower part of the jack base adjusting block, the rigid wedge block is connected to the upper part of the pulling and pressing jack, a roller capable of freely rolling is arranged in the sliding groove, and the rigid wedge block is positioned below the roller; the bottom surface of the sliding groove is a chute surface, the upper surface of the rigid wedge block is a wedge surface, the wedge surface and the chute surface are parallel to each other, the wedge surface and the chute surface are inclined along the front-back direction, and the rolling shaft rolls on the chute surface;
the inclined groove surface is inclined by 5 degrees along the lower part of the horizontal plane;
the inclined wedge surface is inclined by 5 degrees along the upper part of the horizontal plane;
the experiment loading device also comprises a distribution beam, the upper end of the distribution beam is sleeved with a pulling and pressing jack, and the lower end of the distribution beam is clamped with the parallel assembled double-arch ring;
a sleeve seat for sleeving the loading head of the pulling and pressing jack is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the distribution beam, two circular arc grooves for clamping the parallel assembled double-arch ring are respectively arranged at two ends of the lower side of the distribution beam, the distance between the two circular arc grooves is equal to the width of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, and the two circular arc grooves are uniformly distributed on two sides of the sleeve seat;
five pulling and pressing jacks are respectively arranged at 1/6, 1/3 and 1/2 spans of the parallel assembled double-arch ring;
the experiment loading device also comprises two counterforce brackets, wherein the upper part of each counterforce bracket is anchored with the Yu Fanli beam, and the lower part of each counterforce bracket is anchored with the bottom beam; the two counter-force brackets are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, and movable screw rods are arranged on the counter-force brackets at the positions corresponding to the parallel assembled double-arch ring;
the experiment loading device further comprises two side-shifting prevention ejector rods, one ends of the side-shifting prevention ejector rods are connected to one side of a jack base adjusting block corresponding to the drawing and pressing jack at 1/6 span of the parallel assembled double-arch-face arch ring, and the other ends of the side-shifting prevention ejector rods are connected to the upright post in a vertically movable mode.
2. The loading method of the parallel assembled double-arch external instability experimental loading device according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Loading lateral force: the screw is used for applying out-of-plane load to the arch crown of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, so that the size and the direction of the defect of the parallel assembled double-arch ring are unified;
(2) Preloading: calculating and simulating the actual condition of the parallel assembled double-arch ring by using ANSYS finite element software to obtain a load displacement curve, predicting the ultimate bearing capacity and deformation of the parallel assembled double-arch ring, and pre-loading and timely comparing with the finite element result to judge whether the result is reasonable or not, and if no problem exists, carrying out formal loading;
(3) Formal loading: the loading mode of synchronous loading and graded loading is adopted, namely, five jacks keep the same load to be synchronously loaded, and the data of the whole loading process is recorded by a data acquisition instrument;
when the test starts, loading each stage of load according to 10% of the ultimate bearing capacity of finite element simulation, wherein the loading middle of each stage needs to last for 5 minutes; when the load reaches 70% of the ultimate bearing capacity, the load of each stage is reduced to 5% of the ultimate bearing capacity; after 90%, the load of each stage is reduced to 1% of the ultimate bearing capacity; after the load reaches the ultimate bearing capacity, the load is continuously and slowly applied; recording the limit of the movement range reached by the pulling and pressing jack, and ending the test;
in the step (2), the preloading is carried out according to the limit bearing capacity of 20 percent, the loading is carried out in 4 stages, and each stage is increased by 5 percent; when each stage of loading reaches the limit value, the loading is continued for 5 minutes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810261801.1A CN108332962B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Experimental loading device and method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability |
| JP2018243820A JP6856260B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-12-26 | Parallel assembly Double arch Out-of-plane instability experimental load device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810261801.1A CN108332962B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Experimental loading device and method for parallel assembly double-arch out-of-plane instability |
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| CN108332962A CN108332962A (en) | 2018-07-27 |
| CN108332962B true CN108332962B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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| CN108332962A (en) | 2018-07-27 |
| JP2019173543A (en) | 2019-10-10 |
| JP6856260B2 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
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