CN108330982A - A kind of method of the above earth excavation of hard place base - Google Patents
A kind of method of the above earth excavation of hard place base Download PDFInfo
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- CN108330982A CN108330982A CN201710073123.1A CN201710073123A CN108330982A CN 108330982 A CN108330982 A CN 108330982A CN 201710073123 A CN201710073123 A CN 201710073123A CN 108330982 A CN108330982 A CN 108330982A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/08—Restraining of underground water by employing open ditches arranged below the level of the water
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of the above earth excavation of hard place base, specifically include：(1) excavation of forward shovel work foundation pit, the specific steps are：(1a) work foundation pit prevailing traffic road is built；The excavation of (1b) forward shovel work foundation pit；(2) it is excavated to the convolution of truck on hard place base；(3) excavation of the above earthwork of hard place base, the specific steps are：The excavation of (3a) shallow soil；The excavation of (3b) deep soil；The exclusion of (3c) infiltration；(4) main problem present in work progress and solution, specifically include：The build and maintenance of (4a) main roads；The cooperation of (4b) water pumper；The sequencing of (4c) stage excavation；The arrangement of (4d) work shift；The protection of (4e) side slope.The inventive method is 5~10m and relatively closely knit for the above soil thickness of hard place base, and level of ground water is more than hard place base, the earth excavation that is carried out when building foundation bottom design altitude is below hard place base.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of earth excavation, especially a kind of method of the above earth excavation of hard place base belongs to
Construction engineering technical field.
Background technology
In various civil engineering constructions, it is a very crucial link that basic earthwork, which excavates, however its excavation method
Then have many.In practice of construction, engineers and technicians do not consider that soil layer constitutes situation generally, only focus on the top surface of level of ground water
Elevation, it is common practice to：It uses and adds well point or deep-well with lowering of watertable, level of ground water is reduced to building basis
Then several rice below the design altitude of bottom use the method for stage excavation to construct again.However, in civil engineering construction
In be frequently encountered so a kind of situation：The design altitude of building foundation bottom in hard place base hereinafter, and level of ground water again compared with
Height, the soil layer usually more than hard place base, while more than hard place base are thicker and relatively closely knit.In this case, if also
It uses distribution well point or deep-well with several rice below the design altitude of lowering of watertable to building foundation bottom, then adopts again
It is constructed with the method for stage excavation, the duration of earth excavation will certainly be caused to delay backward, and the profit of entire working time
It is not high with rate, while construction machinery cannot more fully play its effectiveness.For such case, in order to which the completion time of project is not prolonged
Accidentally, it can reach and save human and material resources, financial resources and the obvious purpose of effect, spy proposes following construction method.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of the above earth excavation of hard place base, for soil layer more than hard place base
Thickness is 5~10m and relatively closely knit, and level of ground water is more than hard place base, and the design altitude of building foundation bottom is in hard place base
The earthwork digging method carried out when following.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses technical solution as described below：
A kind of method of the above earth excavation of hard place base, specifically includes：
(1) classification of ground
According to construction machinery (excavator and dumping heavy vehicle) under full capacity to the average pressure R1 (kg/ on ground
cm2), along with certain surplus C (this surplus can be the percentage of R1), the allowable bearing [R] as ground
(kg/cm2), ground is divided into three classes：
The first kind：Soft foundation [R] ＜ 1.0
Second class：1.0≤[R] ＜ 3.0 of general ground
Third class：Hard place base [R] >=3.0
This classification is opposite, the purpose is to make Transport Machinery under full load situation, can on ground normal work
Make, is not to fall into vehicle.
(2) excavation of the above earthwork of hard place base, the specific steps are：
The excavation of (2a) forward shovel work foundation pit, specifically includes：
1. the foundation pit prevailing traffic road that works is built：Before earth excavation, the earthwork transportation road of construction foundation pit should be built
Road, width of roadway should be depending on actual shipment machineries, generally 5~7m.Road gradient should be tied according to the landform of construction site
Depending on the longitudinal climbing of maximum for closing Transport Machinery, path is directly reached by defined gradient on hard place base.When building road, first use anti-
It shovels on the in situ face of excavator and is excavated along trend of road, in digging process, immersible pump will be fitted close, and where is it water is just at which
In drain, meanwhile, drainage trenching and sump are wanted in road on both sides of the road, to ensure road surface not ponding.It manually will be with excavator phase interworking
It closes, rebuilds road and gutter when digging, the timely surfacing of stone is used in combination.If the distance of ground identity distance hard place base is more than backhoe
The maximum dredging depth of excavator, the method that stage excavation at this moment then can be used build road.It, can be first when excavating the second layer
The bottom lumps of wood or round log after secondary excavation pad a road, and excavator can be opened against the direction of advance of road on it
It digs, truck cooperation excavator transports the soil excavated out, until road performance is good.
The excavation of foundation pit 2. forward shovel works：Forward shovel work foundation pit refers to that forward shovel institute is workable
Minimum foundation pit working face, this foundation pit working face are on the surface of hard place base.In the contact position of road and hard place base, along hard
The surface of ground builds one flat section, and the width of this section of upper and lower part stretches out 1.5 times of radius not less than the shovel arm of forward shovel,
Typically no less than 9m, length are generally no less than 10m.
It is excavated to the convolution of truck on (2b) hard place base：The excavation on automobile convolution ground should be in the work foundation pit of excavator
Middle progress is divided into two parts along the direction to be excavated, and first left and then right is excavated.Excavator is in the left side (first part)
After excavating 15~20m forward, original position is then backed again and excavates the right (second part), until being dug together with the left side.Thus
A long 15~20m can be excavated out, width is a place of 20~25m, and automobile can reverse end for end on this place, meeting
Vehicle.
The excavation of the earthwork, specifically includes on (2c) hard place base：
1. the excavation of shallow soil：After the completion of excavating to the convolution of truck work on hard place base, you can carry out the earthwork and open
It digs.But in digging process, the side slope after excavation wants regular, neat, while excavation slope should be smaller, and slope ratio will be according to institute
The soil property of excavation and the height situation of level of ground water are advisable depending on theoretical calculation with not generating landslide and landslide after excavation.
While excavating, gutter should be built in time.Since ground is hard, it is not easy drainage trenching, can only be built on hard place base
Gutter.The method of build is：Two slope foots after excavation are built two small dikes with the soil excavated out and are oozed with rib slope
The height of water, small dike should be according to the penetrating power of underground water, and the pumpage of water pumper is combined to be determined, generally 0.3~
0.5m, while a sump is dug in the lowest point in gutter, and water pumper is disposed, the number of units of water pumper should be true according to seepage flow
It is fixed.If the range (width) excavated is very big, also need to carry out second of excavation, excavation method as described above, and should repair again
Build gutter.
2. the excavation of deep soil：If the soil layer excavated is thicker (more than hard place base), forward shovel or backhoe excavating
Machine is primary cannot all to be excavated again, and the method that at this moment stage excavation may be used in we is constructed.It is said here that " layering is opened
Dig " there are the difference of matter, " stage excavation " to be here continuous with previous " stage excavation ", level of ground water does not drop to the
Excavation at one layer or less, previous " stage excavation " is then intermittent, when level of ground water will drop to several meters of first layer or less
The excavation that could be carried out.So the two can not lump together." stage excavation " mentioned here refers to forward shovel following
Excavate, a kind of mixed method that backacter is excavated in top, meanwhile, backacter answer advanced forward shovel 5~
10m.It can thus achieve the purpose that be independent of each other, i.e., the excavation method of so-called " before going up instead, lower just rear ".It should be noted that ask
Topic is, if level of ground water is very high, backhoe will be maintained a certain distance with crowd shovel always, and never the two is apart from excessive.Due to ground
Lower water level is high, when the distance of the two is larger, backhoe excavate after native face on will ponding it is more, this excavation to forward shovel
It is very unfavorable, as soon as only when the two distance keeps periodically, being not easy to form plash on native face, would not also influencing forward shovel
Normal work.
3. the exclusion seeped water：In the digging process of the earthwork, the infiltration on hard place base will exclude in time.Oozing on hard place base
Water at slope foot, is infiltrated by the soil layer after being excavated, and is come together in and is excavated at slope foot by outlet.According to
This source of infiltration, the ponding on two methods exclusion hard place base may be used in we.First method is：After excavation
Small dike gutter is built at slope foot, small dike's height is 0.3~0.5m, and upper width is 0.5m, and lower width is 1.0m, while being dug in lowest point
One sump simultaneously installs water pump, and infiltration is extracted out；Second method is：It is water base that a collection is excavated on hard place base using blasting procedure
Hole, i.e., be drilled on hard place base and punch by hand, and hole depth is 1~1.5m, and it is 2~3m that a bore is formed after explosion,
Depth is the funnel of 1.0~1.5m, then installs water pumper and is seeped water extraction.
By the work of above series of, so that it may fall earth excavation more than hard place base, recycle blasting procedure to excavate hard
Ground, go directly design altitude until.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described with reference to embodiment, to be better understood from the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of method of the above earth excavation of hard place base, specifically includes：
(1) excavation of the above earthwork of hard place base, the specific steps are：
The excavation of (1a) forward shovel work foundation pit, specifically includes：
1. the foundation pit prevailing traffic road that works is built：Before earth excavation, the earthwork transportation road of construction foundation pit should be built
Road, width of roadway should be depending on actual shipment machineries, generally 5~7m.Road gradient should be tied according to the landform of construction site
Depending on the longitudinal climbing of maximum for closing Transport Machinery, path is directly reached by defined gradient on hard place base.When building road, first use anti-
It shovels on the in situ face of excavator and is excavated along trend of road, in digging process, immersible pump will be fitted close, and where is it water is just at which
In drain, meanwhile, drainage trenching and sump are wanted in road on both sides of the road, to ensure road surface not ponding.It manually will be with excavator phase interworking
It closes, rebuilds road and gutter when digging, the timely surfacing of stone is used in combination.If the distance of ground identity distance hard place base is more than backhoe
The maximum dredging depth of excavator, the method that stage excavation at this moment then can be used build road.It, can be first when excavating the second layer
The bottom lumps of wood or round log after secondary excavation pad a road, and excavator can be opened against the direction of advance of road on it
It digs, truck cooperation excavator transports the soil excavated out, until road performance is good.
The excavation of foundation pit 2. forward shovel works：Forward shovel work foundation pit refers to that forward shovel institute is workable
Minimum foundation pit working face, this foundation pit working face are on the surface of hard place base.In the contact position of road and hard place base, along hard
The surface of ground builds one flat section, and the width of this section of upper and lower part stretches out 1.5 times of radius not less than the shovel arm of forward shovel,
Typically no less than 9m, length are generally no less than 10m.
It is excavated to the convolution of truck on (1b) hard place base：The excavation on automobile convolution ground should be in the work foundation pit of excavator
Middle progress is divided into two parts along the direction to be excavated, and first left and then right is excavated.Excavator is in the left side (first part)
After excavating 15~20m forward, original position is then backed again and excavates the right (second part), until being dug together with the left side.Thus
A long 15~20m can be excavated out, width is a place of 20~25m, and automobile can reverse end for end on this place, meeting
Vehicle.
The excavation of the above earthwork of (1c) hard place base, specifically includes：
1. the excavation of shallow soil：After the completion of excavating to the convolution of truck work on hard place base, you can carry out the earthwork and open
It digs.At this moment automobile convolution ground is also just at second foundation pit that works, this work foundation pit many bigger than first job foundation pit
Times, position and the number of units of forward shovel can be arranged on the foundation pit that works herein according to the range excavated required for us.But
In digging process, the side slope after excavation wants rule, neat, while excavation slope should be smaller, and slope ratio will be according to being excavated
Soil property and level of ground water height situation, depending on theoretical calculation, with do not generated after excavation landslide and landslide be advisable.It is opening
While digging, gutter should be built in time.Since ground is hard, it is not easy drainage trenching, draining can only be built on hard place base
Ditch.The method of build is：Two slope foots after excavation, with soil two small dikes of build excavated out to keep off side slope seepage, son
The height of dike should be according to the penetrating power of underground water, and the pumpage of water pumper is combined to be determined, generally 0.3~0.5m,
A sump is dug in the lowest point in gutter simultaneously, and dispose water pumper, the number of units of water pumper should be determined according to seepage flow.Such as
The range (width) that fruit is excavated is very big, also needs to carry out second of excavation, excavation method as described above, and should build draining again
Ditch.
2. the excavation of deep soil：If the soil layer excavated is thicker (more than hard place base), forward shovel or backhoe excavating
Machine is primary cannot all to be excavated again, and the method that at this moment stage excavation may be used in we is constructed, i.e., forward shovel is under
Side excavate, a kind of mixed method that backacter is excavated in top, meanwhile, backacter answer advanced forward shovel 5~
10m.It can thus achieve the purpose that be independent of each other, i.e., the excavation method of so-called " before going up instead, lower just rear ".It should be noted that ask
Topic is, if level of ground water is very high, backhoe will be maintained a certain distance with crowd shovel always, and never the two is apart from excessive.Due to ground
Lower water level is high, when the distance of the two is larger, backhoe excavate after native face on will ponding it is more, this excavation to forward shovel
It is very unfavorable, as soon as only when the two distance keeps periodically, being not easy to form plash on native face, would not also influencing forward shovel
Normal work.
3. the exclusion seeped water：In the digging process of the earthwork, the infiltration on hard place base will exclude in time.Its reason has two：
First, some hard place bases are formed by the deposition in many years by many gravel clays (gravel boundary stone), it is unable to undergo water
It impregnates, after being impregnated for a long time through water, the cohesiveness between them will be gradually reduced, so that from hard to soft, being unfavorable for carrying
Weight automobile is walked in the above；Second, if infiltration exclude not in time, infiltration will etch road, make truck on road
Generate slipping phenomenon, unfavorable truck normal work.Infiltration on hard place base at slope foot, be by being excavated after
What soil layer infiltrated, it comes together in and is excavated at slope foot by outlet.According to this source of infiltration, we may be used two kinds
Method excludes the ponding on hard place base.First method is：Small dike gutter is built at slope foot after excavation, small dike's height is
0.3~0.5m, upper width are 0.5m, and lower width is 1.0m, while digging a sump in lowest point and installing water pump, and infiltration is extracted out；
Second method is：The foundation pit that catchments is excavated using blasting procedure, i.e., is drilled on hard place base and punches by hand, hole depth is 1
~1.5m, pitch-row should depending on the hard coefficient and funnel radius of ground, the number in hole also should according to related explosion knowledge and
Fixed, it is 2~3m that a bore is formed after explosion, and depth is the funnel of 1.0~1.5m, then installs water pumper and is seeped water pumping
Go out.
By the work of above series of, so that it may fall earth excavation more than hard place base, recycle blasting procedure to excavate hard
Ground, go directly design altitude until.
(2) main problem present in work progress and solution, specially：
The build and maintenance of (2a) main roads：In construction, the build of road by account for full time 20~
25%, therefore, road should not be more.In specific implementation, the position of road is determined according to drawing and actual conditions, and is used
Certain human and material resources are good by road performance.Since this road is built on soil matrix, and level of ground water is again higher, because
And road surface is starting that moisture state can be in a period of time, although after a period of time, road surface can become drying, in soil layer
With hard place base contact position, due to seepage effect, it can be often in surface dust state, thus is unfavorable for the normal work of truck
Make, this is also main problem existing for main roads, and solution there are following three kinds：First method is to use concrete block
Making；Second method is to use block stone → stone → mountain flour making；The third method is to use steel plate making.It is spread with concrete block
It builds：Stretch face more than hard place base within the scope of 15~20m (along road upward slope direction) most easily falls into vehicle, and is entire road
Key position, concrete precast block making may be used in this section.The thickness and arrangement of reinforcement of prefabricated section generally should be according to load-carryings
The dead weight and load-carrying of automobile carry out calculating determination, and width and length should be determined according to the load of crane in construction site, if road
Road is 6m, and the size of general each prefabricated section should be 3 × 1 × 0.1m.When making every two pieces together, by the areas Dai Pu rebuild smooth-going paving
Good, stone making is applied on the above road surface of prefabricated section, and gutter will often be dredged on both sides of the road, to prevent ponding.Block stone → stone
→ mountain flour making：If nearby building stones can gather materials on the spot compared with horn of plenty for construction site.Make roadbed when making in order first, then
Making building stones are layered, making sequence is：Lowest level making block stone, is followed successively by stone, mountain flour upwards.With pushing away after making
Native machine rolls, artificial to flatten.Steel plate making：In one section of steel plate making with 1~1.5cm of thickness for waiting for making, before making steel plate
Also making loaded filter is answered, then repaves and builds steel plate.In entire construction, also often road is conserved, be remained
It dries on road surface.
The cooperation of (2b) water pumper：In construction, water pumper will be fitted close with project progress.So-called cooperation refers to
Need where water pumper to be installed, just somewhere install at once, needs to remove and just remove at once, there is water just to take out.It solves
Certainly matching problem is it is necessary to according to the actual conditions of construction site, the position of the position and flexible water pumper of determining fixed water pumper.
Fixed water pumper should then install that those are high-power, bulky, flexible water pumper should then install those are light, power is small,
It is easy to move.
The sequencing of (2c) stage excavation：In the work progress of stage excavation, excavated with lower layer based on, upper layer is
Auxiliary, incremental, the distance between levels are answered always consistent, and upper layer will send a part of manpower to drain, by ponding
It is discharged at slope foot.
The arrangement of (2d) work shift：Since level of ground water is higher, thus work shift should arrange rationally, be with class Three
Most preferably.If shift is uninterrupted, around the clock construct, then the flow on upper layer has enough time oozing out not yet, and lower layer is just
Shovel excavator has just dug up this soil layer, can only thus infiltration be made to be oozed out by the excavation slope on both sides, make entire work
Have the initiative status.
The protection of (2e) side slope：Since level of ground water is higher, in digging process or after, since underground water is longer
Seepage paths block suddenly, so that infiltration escape orifice is declined suddenly, in this way the pressure of underground water residual water head effect under, groove both sides
Landslide will occur to cave in.It comes down in order to prevent, the method mainly taken is exactly to increase the ratio drop of side slope, is used in flow escape orifice
Straw bag bank protection or with support bank protection, while making filter material.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of the above earth excavation of hard place base, it is characterised in that：It specifically includes：
(1) excavation of forward shovel work foundation pit, the specific steps are：
(1a) work foundation pit prevailing traffic road is built：Before earth excavation, the earthwork transportation road of construction foundation pit should be built,
Width of roadway should be depending on actual shipment machinery, generally 5~7m.Road gradient should according to the landform of construction site, in conjunction with
Depending on the longitudinal climbing of maximum of Transport Machinery, path is directly reached by defined gradient on hard base.When building road, first dug with backhoe
It is excavated along trend of road on the in situ face of pick machine, in digging process, immersible pump will be fitted close, and where where is it water is with regard to arranging
Water, meanwhile, drainage trenching and sump are wanted in road on both sides of the road, to ensure road surface not ponding.Manually to cooperate with excavator, side
Side trimming road and gutter are dug, the timely surfacing of stone is used in combination.If the distance of ground identity distance hard place base is more than backhoe excavating
The maximum dredging depth of machine, the method that stage excavation at this moment then can be used build road.When excavating the second layer, can be opened for the first time
The bottom lumps of wood or round log after digging pad a road, and excavator can be excavated against the direction of advance of road on it,
Truck cooperation excavator transports the soil excavated out, until road performance is good.
The excavation of (1b) forward shovel work foundation pit：Forward shovel work foundation pit refers to that forward shovel institute is workable most
Small foundation pit working face, this foundation pit working face are on the surface of hard place base.In the contact position of road and hard place base, along hard place
The surface of base builds one flat section, and the width of this section of upper and lower part stretches out 1.5 times of radius not less than the shovel arm of forward shovel, and one
As be not less than 9m, length generally be no less than 10m.
(2) it is excavated to the convolution of truck on hard place base：Automobile convolution ground excavate should in the work foundation pit of excavator into
Row, is divided into two parts along the direction to be excavated, and first left and then right is excavated.Excavator the left side (first part) forward
After excavating 15~20m, original position is then backed again and excavates the right (second part), until being dug together with the left side.It thus can be with
Excavate out a long 15~20m, width is a place of 20~25m, and automobile can reverse end for end on this place, meeting.
(3) excavation of the above earthwork of hard place base, the specific steps are：
The excavation of (3a) shallow soil：In convolution crowd shovel can be arranged on the foundation pit that works according to the range excavated required for us
The position of excavator and number of units.In digging process, the side slope after excavation wants regular, neat, while excavation slope should be small by one
A bit, while excavating, gutter should be built in time, the method for build is：Two slope foots after excavation, with what is excavated out
Soil builds two small dikes to keep off side slope seepage, and the height of small dike should be according to the penetrating power of underground water, and combines the pumping of water pumper
Outlet capacity determined, generally 0.3~0.5m, while to dig a sump in the lowest point in gutter, and disposes water pumper, is taken out
The number of units of water dispenser should be determined according to seepage flow.If the range (width) excavated is very big, also needs to carry out second of excavation, excavate
Method as described above, and should build gutter again.
The excavation of (3b) deep soil：If the soil layer excavated is thicker (more than hard place base), forward shovel or backacter
Primary all to excavate again, the method that at this moment stage excavation may be used in we is constructed, i.e., forward shovel is following
Excavate, a kind of mixed method that backacter is excavated in top, meanwhile, backacter answer advanced forward shovel 5~
10m.It can thus achieve the purpose that be independent of each other, i.e., the excavation method of so-called " before going up instead, lower just rear ".It should be noted that ask
Topic is, if level of ground water is very high, backhoe will be maintained a certain distance with crowd shovel always, and never the two is apart from excessive.Due to ground
Lower water level is high, when the distance of the two is larger, backhoe excavate after native face on will ponding it is more, this excavation to forward shovel
It is very unfavorable, as soon as only when the two distance keeps periodically, being not easy to form plash on native face, would not also influencing forward shovel
Normal work.
The exclusion of (3c) infiltration：In the digging process of the earthwork, the infiltration on hard place base will exclude in time.Infiltration on hard place base
It at slope foot, is infiltrated by the soil layer after being excavated, comes together in and excavated at slope foot by outlet.According to oozing
This source of water, the ponding on two methods exclusion hard place base may be used in we.First method is：Slope after excavation
Small dike gutter is built at foot, small dike's height is 0.3~0.5m, and upper width is 0.5m, and lower width is 1.0m, while digging one in lowest point
Sump simultaneously installs water pump, and infiltration is extracted out；Second method is：The foundation pit that catchments is excavated using blasting procedure, i.e., by hand
It is drilled on hard place base and punches, hole depth is 1~1.5m, and pitch-row should be depending on the hard coefficient and funnel radius of ground, hole
Number also should be depending on related explosion knowledge, it is 2~3m that bore is formed after explosion, and depth is 1.0~1.5m's
Then funnel installs water pumper and is seeped water extraction.
By the work of above series of, so that it may earth excavation more than hard place base is fallen, blasting procedure is recycled to excavate hard place base,
Until through design altitude.
2. the method for the above earth excavation of hard place base according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It (is dug according to construction machinery
Pick machine and dumping heavy vehicle) under full capacity to the average pressure R1 (kg/cm on ground2), add certain surplus C
(this surplus can be the percentage of R1), allowable bearing [R] (kg/cm as ground2), ground is divided into three classes：
The first kind：Soft foundation [R] ＜ 1.0
Second class：1.0≤[R] ＜ 3.0 of general ground
Third class：Hard place base [R] >=3.0
This classification is opposite, the purpose is to make Transport Machinery under full load situation, can be worked normally on ground, no
It causes in sunken vehicle.
3. the method for the above earth excavation of hard place base according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Present in work progress
Main problem and solution, specifically include：
(1) build and maintenance of main roads：Since this road is built on soil matrix, and level of ground water is again higher, because
And road surface is starting that moisture state can be in a period of time, although after a period of time, road surface can become drying, in soil layer
With hard place base contact position, due to seepage effect, it can be often in surface dust state, thus is unfavorable for the normal work of truck
Make, this is also main problem existing for main roads, and solution there are following three kinds：First method is to use concrete block
Making；Second method is to use block stone → stone → mountain flour making；The third method is to use steel plate making.It is spread with concrete block
It builds：Stretch face more than hard place base within the scope of 15~20m (along road upward slope direction) most easily falls into vehicle, and is entire road
Key position, concrete precast block making may be used in this section.The thickness and arrangement of reinforcement of prefabricated section generally should be according to load-carryings
The dead weight and load-carrying of automobile carry out calculating determination, and width and length should be determined according to the load of crane in construction site, if road
Road is 6m, and the size of general each prefabricated section should be 3 × 1 × 0.1m.When making every two pieces together, by the areas Dai Pu rebuild smooth-going paving
Good, stone making is applied on the above road surface of prefabricated section, and gutter will often be dredged on both sides of the road, to prevent ponding.Block stone → stone
→ mountain flour making：If nearby building stones can gather materials on the spot compared with horn of plenty for construction site.Make roadbed when making in order first, then
Making building stones are layered, making sequence is：Lowest level making block stone, is followed successively by stone, mountain flour upwards.With pushing away after making
Native machine rolls, artificial to flatten.Steel plate making：In one section of steel plate making with 1~1.5cm of thickness for waiting for making, before making steel plate
Also making loaded filter is answered, then repaves and builds steel plate.In entire construction, also often road is conserved, be remained
It dries on road surface.
(2) cooperation of water pumper：In construction, water pumper will be fitted close with project progress.So-called cooperation refers to needing
Where water pumper is installed, just somewhere installs at once, needs to remove and just remove at once, there is water just to take out.It solves to match
Conjunction problem is it is necessary to according to the actual conditions of construction site, the position of the position and flexible water pumper of determining fixed water pumper.It is fixed
Water pumper should then install that those are high-power, bulky, and flexible water pumper should then install that those are light, power is small, is easy to
It moves.
(3) sequencing of stage excavation：In the work progress of stage excavation, excavated with lower layer based on, supplemented by upper layer, in proper order
Progressive, the distance between levels are answered always consistent, and upper layer will send a part of manpower to drain, and ponding is discharged to slope foot
Place.
(4) arrangement of work shift：Since level of ground water is higher, so work shift should arrange rationally, it is most preferably with class Three.
If shift is uninterrupted, around the clock construct, then the flow on upper layer has enough time oozing out not yet, and the crowd shovel of lower layer excavates
Machine has just dug up this soil layer, can only thus infiltration be made to be oozed out by the excavation slope on both sides, and making entirely to work is in
Whip hand.
(5) protection of side slope：Since level of ground water is higher, in digging process or after, due to oozing underground water is longer
Diameter blocks suddenly, and infiltration escape orifice is made to decline suddenly, and in this way under the effect of the pressure of underground water residual water head, groove both sides will
Landslide occurs to cave in.It comes down in order to prevent, the method mainly taken is exactly to increase the ratio drop of side slope, in flow escape orifice straw bag
Bank protection or with support bank protection, while making filter material.
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| Title |
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| 乔保平: "小议硬地基的一种开挖方式", 《黑龙江科技信息》 * |
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