CN112212747B - Non-blasting excavation construction method for mountain earth and stone in limited space - Google Patents
Non-blasting excavation construction method for mountain earth and stone in limited space Download PDFInfo
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- CN112212747B CN112212747B CN202011075654.2A CN202011075654A CN112212747B CN 112212747 B CN112212747 B CN 112212747B CN 202011075654 A CN202011075654 A CN 202011075654A CN 112212747 B CN112212747 B CN 112212747B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-blasting excavation construction method for mountain earthwork in a limited space, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) road construction: the method comprises constructing an approach road, constructing a longitudinal transportation channel on the mountain foot, and constructing a climbing channel from the mountain foot to the mountain top; the longitudinal transportation channel and the climbing channel are both communicated with the entrance passage; (2) The lower abandonment and unloading platform and the upper excavation soil throwing platform are constructed: arranging an upper excavation soil throwing platform at the site with limited operation space in the mountain climbing channel; a lower abandoning and dumping platform is arranged below the upper excavation soil throwing platform and at a position near the longitudinal transportation channel or the mountain climbing channel; the lower part abandoning and unloading platform at different positions is connected in series by the longitudinal transportation channel and the mountain climbing channel to form a whole; and (3) excavating earth and stone and dynamically managing. The invention solves the problems of insufficient working space, low equipment labor, low construction efficiency and high construction cost when the mountain earth and stone is excavated in the limited space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of earth and stone excavation, and particularly relates to a non-blasting excavation construction method for mountain earth and stone in a limited space.
Background
Large-scale mountain earth and stone excavation operation is generally existed in road engineering construction. In the traditional earth and stone excavation, a dump truck drives the earth and stone directly through an ascending channel to ascend and transport the earth and stone on a working surface, and the mode is the most economic mode for earth and stone excavation. However, if the excavation site of the mountain earth and stone side is very small, the earth and stone side volume is large, the construction space is greatly limited, and the operation safety hazard and the construction technology difficulty are increased sharply. When the earth and stone excavation construction is carried out in a limited space mountain, the mountain-climbing access road is usually steep and does not have the environmental condition of adopting the bidirectional driving access road, and the forced arrangement of the bidirectional driving access road not only occupies the operation space of construction equipment, but also has the potential safety hazard of vehicle crossing. When a single-row ascending channel is adopted, the ascending and descending of the vehicle must be carried out in a staggered way, so that the transportation efficiency of the earthwork is severely restricted.
In the mountain body with the limited space excavated by earth and stone, the excavated part is usually close to important structures, buildings or busy main traffic lines, and blasting construction cannot be performed by adopting explosives at the moment, so that protection of surrounding structures and buildings also becomes a key factor for restricting the construction period, the construction cost and the process technology. Under the condition that explosive blasting is forbidden, the traditional process of stone excavation comprises the following five types: (1) carbon dioxide blasting: and filling liquid carbon dioxide into the metal cracking tube by using a compressor. And drilling holes and burying pipes at the excavated part. The liquid carbon dioxide is converted into a gas state by chemical heating, and the volume of the gas state is rapidly expanded, so that the stone around the drill hole is fractured. (2) hydraulic splitting: the hydraulic splitter consists of a hydraulic pump station and a splitter. And drilling holes and burying pipes at the excavated positions, taking ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic oil output by a pump station as working power, and mechanically amplifying by using a wedge block to crack the split objects in a preset direction. (3) mechanical breaking hammer: the hydraulic pulse is adopted to push the hydraulic breaking hammer drill rod to impact the surface of the rock, so that the rock is broken and decomposed slightly. (4) rock gravity arm: and pressing the large gravity arm into the rock and dragging the large gravity arm to reduce the rock. Is suitable for soft rock with lower saturated compressive strength. (5) static crushing: chemical agents are embedded in the drill holes at the excavated positions, and the agents are utilized to slowly generate reaction volume expansion so that stones around the drill holes are fractured. However, no matter which single process is adopted for excavation, the method cannot meet the requirements of complex stratum conditions and large-scale stone excavation in relatively small space, and the problems of low local excavation efficiency and high construction measure cost caused by unreasonable technological measures and unreasonable parameters are easy to occur. Meanwhile, when large-scale stone excavation is carried out in a limited space according to the traditional construction organization and arrangement, the whole excavation process is not systematically arranged, the phenomena of unreasonable sequence of excavation parts, unreasonable arrangement of auxiliary facilities in a field, narrow and small operation space of mechanical equipment and the like easily occur, mechanical equipment in the field cannot be laid out, the transportation of the stone and earth is not smooth, the construction efficiency is low, the construction period is delayed, and the indirect construction cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a non-blasting excavation construction method for mountain earthwork in a limited space, which solves the problems of insufficient working space, equipment waste, low construction efficiency and high construction cost when the mountain earthwork in the limited space is excavated.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The non-blasting excavation construction method for the mountain body earthwork in the limited space comprises the following steps:
(1) Road construction
The method comprises constructing an approach road, constructing a longitudinal transportation channel on the mountain foot, and constructing a climbing channel from the mountain foot to the mountain top; the longitudinal transportation channel and the mountain climbing channel are communicated with the entrance passage; wherein, the entrance access road is connected with the social road outside the construction site to communicate the inside and the outside of the construction site; the mountain climbing channel is used for material transportation and construction machinery passing up and down a mountain; the longitudinal transportation channel is used for transporting the stacked abandoned parties by the lower abandoned party unloading platform; in the step, scattered lower abandoned party unloading platforms can be connected into a whole through a longitudinal transportation channel, so that abandoned parties generated by excavation can be quickly and effectively transported out of a field, and the phenomenon that the abandoned parties are accumulated in the field to invade an operation space is avoided;
(2) Construction of lower-part abandoning and dumping platform and upper-part excavation soil throwing platform
Arranging an upper excavation soil throwing platform at the site with limited operation space in the mountain climbing channel; arranging a lower abandon party unloading platform below the upper excavation soil throwing platform and at a position near the longitudinal transportation channel, so that the lower abandon party unloading platforms at different positions are connected in series by the longitudinal transportation channel or the mountain climbing channel to form a whole; the upper excavation soil-throwing platform is mainly used as a construction site for non-blasting excavation and soil-throwing of soil and stone in a limited space, namely, in the upper excavation soil-throwing platform, the soil and stone near a mountain body of the limited space are excavated, the excavated soil and stone are temporarily accumulated in the platform, then, the soil and stone are thrown by adopting an excavator, the abandoned party is rapidly transferred to a discharging platform (a lower abandoned party discharging platform) at the foot of a mountain from an upper working surface, and the advantage of wide working space of the lower abandoned party discharging platform is fully utilized to rapidly transport the abandoned party; the lower abandoned square unloading platform is mainly used for temporarily accumulating abandoned squares thrown off from the upper excavation soil-throwing platform, and when the abandoned squares are accumulated to a certain amount, the abandoned squares are transported out through the mountain-climbing channel and the longitudinal channel by a transport vehicle;
it should be pointed out that for the field with unlimited operation space in the climbing channel, a transport vehicle can be directly adopted to go up and down the mountain through the climbing channel, and the earth and the stone are directly transported away on the working face without arranging an upper excavation earth-throwing platform and a lower abandoning party unloading platform; that is, in actual construction, a place with limited operation space may exist in the mountaineering passage, and a place with unlimited operation space may also exist, so that a reasonable mode can be selected according to actual conditions during construction;
(3) Earth and stone excavation and dynamic management
The earth and stone excavation comprises a horizontal transportation stage and a vertical transportation stage; the horizontal transportation stage is specifically that the upper excavation soil-throwing platform performs non-blasting excavation operation on the earthwork of the space-limited field, and the excavated earthwork is accumulated in the upper excavation soil-throwing platform; transporting the abandoned square accumulated in the lower abandoned square unloading platform out through a longitudinal transportation channel and an entrance passage; the vertical transportation stage is specifically that the transportation operation of the lower abandonment and dumping platform is stopped, earth and stone squares accumulated in the upper excavation and earth throwing platform are subjected to earth throwing operation, and the earth and stone squares are vertically thrown and dropped to the lower abandonment and dumping platform;
in the earth and stone excavation process, the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage are switched according to the earth and stone volume accumulated by the earth and stone dumping platform in the upper excavation and the earth and stone volume accumulated by the lower earth and stone dumping platform, so that the operation of staggering the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage is realized, the dynamic management is realized, and the operation space and time are saved to the maximum extent.
As a specific technical scheme, in the step (1) of road construction, when the site of the construction area is close to the existing road and the existing road divides the construction area into sporadic and fragmented areas, the access direction close to the existing road is adjusted to be far away from the construction area and is used as an entrance access way for entering and exiting the construction area, so that the construction safety is ensured and the sufficient working space required by construction is ensured.
As a specific technical scheme, in the step (1) of road construction, the climbing channel is folded back to climb the mountain by adopting a zigzag route; the advantage of using a zigzag route to turn back and up the hill is that less horizontal space can be used to construct the walkway to a higher vertical height.
As a specific technical scheme, a vehicle meeting platform is arranged at the turning-back position of the zigzag climbing channel; through setting up the meeting platform, when the massif space is restricted, can ensure that the meeting of coming and going vehicle and equipment is crisscross or the mountain-climbing is too long for the convenience of going to say, for mechanical equipment moves on the mountain and provides convenience, also can ensure simultaneously that the mountain-climbing vehicle has the department of resing, thereby avoid long-time brake and cause the potential safety hazard that the brake block became invalid that generates heat, and can practice thrift the space that the mountain-climbing is said greatly with the meeting platform replacement conventional two-way driving is said for the convenience of going to say, reduce and arrange the requirement of construction way to the topography.
As a specific technical scheme, in the step (2), the elevation of the lower abandoning and dumping platform is lower than the elevation of the surrounding ground so as to form a buffer tank or a buffer pit; the bottom of the platform is paved with crushed stones, sand gravel, stone powder or loose cohesive soil to form a deformed energy consumption layer, so that potential safety hazards to surrounding personnel or equipment when the rock blocks are discharged are reduced.
As a specific technical scheme, in the step (2), a stockpiling platform for temporary piling of earth and stone and recycling and centralized processing of stone is arranged in the earth-throwing platform excavated at the upper part.
As a specific technical scheme, in the step (3), non-blasting excavation is performed in an oblique slicing or vertical slicing mode by taking the side surface of a mountain body as a free surface in a top-down sequence; generally, the basic safety principle of earth and stone excavation operation is excavation layer by layer from top to bottom, and excavation is performed in a horizontal slicing mode, but non-blasting excavation is performed according to the traditional earth and stone excavation mode, so that the problem of overlarge minimum resistance line is easily caused; impact force generated by construction equipment is transmitted and diffused into a lower-layer rock mass layer by layer, the lower-layer rock mass has a buffering effect on the surface rock mass and cannot generate sufficient impact and stripping effects on the surface rock mass, so that the efficiency of stone excavation is seriously influenced, the progress is slowed down, the oil consumption is increased, and the construction cost is increased; in the non-blasting excavation method, the arrangement, the excavation sequence and the orientation of equipment are reasonably arranged by combining topographic conditions, and the traditional earth and stone excavation mode of horizontal slices is adjusted to excavation according to the sequence from top to bottom by taking the side surface of a mountain body as a free surface and adopting an oblique slice or a vertical slice mode, so that a high and large face can be actively created, and the minimum resistance line is reduced; the excavation mode is more suitable for rock excavation, the damage form of rock excavation can be changed from compression damage to shear damage, and the characteristics of low shear strength and high compressive strength of the rock are met; in addition, in order to avoid potential safety hazards, the non-blasting excavation mode of the invention must be matched with the lower abandoning and unloading platform, so that when the inclined or vertical excavation is carried out, the rock blocks rolled off from the upper part fall into the lower abandoning and unloading platform, and the danger of hurting people by invading other construction areas is avoided.
As a specific technical scheme, in the step (3), the non-blasting excavation adopts a mechanical crushing method, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method and a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method to carry out combined excavation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. thoroughly cleaning up surface layer covering soil or interlayer soil between stones of a part to be excavated;
b. breaking out a lateral blank surface of a part to be excavated at the primary excavation height;
c. selecting different excavation processes according to the stratum conditions of the lateral free surface, and excavating in an oblique slicing mode or a vertical slicing mode by taking the side surface of the mountain as a free surface in a top-down sequence; specifically, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method or a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method is adopted for stripping the large rock for the large rock structure, and then a mechanical crushing method is adopted for reducing the stripped large rock; and a mechanical crushing method is adopted for the soil-stone mixed fragmentation structure.
As a specific technical scheme, the step (3) further comprises the step of carrying out safety monitoring on the adjacent buildings, namely carrying out vibration, noise and video monitoring on the whole construction process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) Under the condition that the large-scale earth and stone excavation operation field is very compact, the invention can reduce the cutting of the road to the field space by adjusting the access position of the road or the construction pavement close to the existing road, so as to ensure the continuous and effective operation space as wide as possible in the field.
2) According to the invention, the upper excavating and soil-throwing platform is arranged at the mountain body with limited space, and the lower abandoned party unloading platform is opened up under the upper excavating and soil-throwing platform, so that the links of the excavator for throwing soil and stone are added, and the efficient transverse transportation of abandoned parties can be realized; in addition, the longitudinal transportation channels are arranged on the mountain legs, and the working surfaces of the excavated soil throwing platforms at the upper parts are connected into a whole, so that the abandoned side can be transported out quickly, and the working efficiency is improved; according to the invention, through longitudinal transportation and transverse transportation of earth and stone, circulation of unidirectional transportation of earth and stone abandoning directions is constructed, the requirement of a construction site on a transportation space can be reduced, and through a dynamic management mechanism, combination of different functions of the same space at different time periods is realized, so that the operation space is saved to the maximum extent.
3) The invention can reduce the requirement of the construction sidewalk on the transportation space by adopting the return route of the 'Z' mountaineering channel, thereby providing more space as the operation space; and the turning-back position of the Z-shaped ascending channel is provided with the vehicle meeting platform to replace a conventional bidirectional driving access road, so that the requirement of the construction access road on the transportation space can be reduced, more space is provided as the operation space, and the safety of the vehicles going up and down the hill can be improved.
4) The invention adopts a mechanical crushing method, a static crushing method, a hydraulic splitting method, a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method and other various non-blasting stone excavation process combination excavation, can adapt to different terrains, different stratum conditions and different environmental conditions, and can ensure that the construction safety, progress, cost and environmental protection are controllable; simultaneously, this application is through the earth and stone excavation mode with traditional horizontal slicer, and the adjustment is for using the massif side to excavate according to slant section or vertical sliced mode for the free surface to can initiatively create the height and face the sky face and reduce minimum resistance line, improve excavation efficiency by a wide margin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a horizontal position relationship between a construction area and a mountain to be excavated;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a construction site before adjustment of an approach lane;
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of the construction site after the adjustment of the approach access road;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal position relationship diagram of the approach passage, the longitudinal transportation passage and the climbing passage;
FIG. 5 is a horizontal position relation diagram of an upper excavation soil throwing platform;
FIG. 6 is a vertical position relationship diagram of an upper excavation soil throwing platform and a lower abandoning and dumping platform;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the vertical position relationship between an upper excavation soil-throwing platform, a lower abandoning and dumping platform and the climbing channels at all levels;
the meanings of the marks in the above figures are as follows: 1-an existing road, 2-a construction area, 3-an upper excavating and soil-throwing platform, 301-1 upper excavating and soil-throwing platform, 302-2 upper excavating and soil-throwing platform, 303-3 upper excavating and soil-throwing platform, 4-a lower abandoning and unloading platform, 401-1 lower abandoning and unloading platform, 402-2 lower abandoning and unloading platform, 403-3 lower abandoning and unloading platform, 5-a longitudinal transportation channel, 6-an entry sidewalk, 7-a climbing channel, 701-a first climbing channel, 702-a second climbing channel, 8-a dumping earthwork, 9-an existing sidewalk before adjustment, 10-an unavailable area and 11-a mountain range to be excavated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a non-blasting excavation construction method for mountain earthwork in a limited space includes the following steps:
(1) Road construction
Referring to fig. 4, the road construction includes constructing an approach road 6, constructing a longitudinal transportation channel 5 at the foot of the mountain, and constructing a climbing channel 7 from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain; the longitudinal transportation channel 5 and the climbing channel 7 are both communicated with the entrance passage 6; wherein, the approach road 6 is applied to the social road outside the construction site to communicate the inside and the outside of the construction area 2; the mountain going channel 7 is used for material transportation and construction machinery passing; the longitudinal transportation channel 5 is used for transporting the stacked abandoned parties by the lower abandoned party unloading platform;
(2) Construction of lower-part abandoning and dumping platform and upper-part excavation soil throwing platform
Referring to fig. 5, an upper excavation soil throwing platform 3 is arranged at a site with a limited working space in the mountain climbing passage 7; arranging a lower abandon unloading platform 4 below the upper excavation soil throwing platform 3 and near the longitudinal transportation channel 5 or the climbing channel 7, and connecting the lower abandon unloading platforms 4 at different positions in series by the longitudinal transportation channel 5 or the climbing channel 7 to form a whole;
(3) Earth and stone excavation and dynamic management
Referring to fig. 5, 6 and 7, the earth and stone excavation includes a horizontal transportation stage and a vertical transportation stage; the horizontal transportation stage specifically comprises the steps that non-blasting excavation operation is carried out on earth and stone sides of a space-limited field by the upper excavation earth-throwing platform 3, and the excavated earth and stone sides are accumulated in the upper excavation earth-throwing platform 3; the abandoned square accumulated in the lower abandoned square unloading platform 4 is transported out through a longitudinal transportation channel 5, a mountain ascending channel 7 and an entrance passage 6; the vertical transportation stage is specifically that the transportation operation of the lower abandonment and dumping platform 4 is stopped, earth and stone squares accumulated in the upper excavation and earth throwing platform 3 are thrown, and the earth and stone squares are vertically thrown and dropped to the lower abandonment and dumping platform 4 below;
in the earth and stone excavation process, the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage are switched according to the earth and stone volume accumulated by the upper excavation earth-throwing platform 3 and the volume accumulated by the lower earth-throwing platform 4, so that the operation of staggering the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage is realized, the dynamic management is realized, and the operation space and time are saved to the maximum extent.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the step (1) of road construction, when the site of the construction area 2 is adjacent to the existing road 1 and the existing road 1 divides the construction area 2 into sporadic and fragmented areas, the access position adjacent to the existing road 1 is adjusted to be away from the construction area 2 and used as an entrance way 6 for entering and exiting the construction area 2, so as to ensure the construction safety and ensure the sufficient working space required for construction.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, in the step (1) of road construction, the ascending channel 7 turns back the ascending along a zigzag path.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, a vehicle meeting platform is arranged at the turning-back position of the zigzag climbing channel.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the elevation of the lower discard and dump platform 4 is lower than the elevation of the surrounding ground; and the bottom of the platform is paved with crushed stones, sand gravel, stone powder or loose cohesive soil to form a deformation energy consumption layer.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), a stacking platform for temporary stacking of earth and stone space and centralized processing of stone space recovery is arranged in the upper excavation soil-throwing platform 3.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, in the step (3), the non-blasting excavation is performed in an oblique slicing manner or a vertical slicing manner in the order from top to bottom with the mountain side as a free surface.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, in the step (3), the non-blasting excavation adopts a mechanical crushing method, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method and a carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing method to perform combined excavation, and specifically includes the following steps:
a. thoroughly cleaning up surface layer covering soil or interlayer soil between stones of a part to be excavated;
b. breaking out a lateral blank face of the part to be excavated at the primary excavation height;
c. selecting different excavation processes according to the stratum conditions of the lateral free surface, and excavating in an oblique slicing mode or a vertical slicing mode by taking the side surface of the mountain as a free surface in a top-down sequence; specifically, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method or a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method is adopted for stripping the bulk rock for the bulk rock structure, and then a mechanical crushing method is adopted for reducing the stripped bulk rock; and a mechanical crushing method is adopted for the soil-stone mixed fragmentation structure.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, step (3) further comprises performing safety monitoring on the building in the immediate vicinity, namely performing vibration, noise and video monitoring on the whole construction process.
Example 2
The method of the present invention will be further described in detail by taking the second stage of engineering modification of Pu Jinlu of Nanning city as an example. The overall length of the secondary engineering modified by Pu Jinlu in Nanning City is 4.6km, and is positioned at the position of 37013and Pu Miao Zhen south of Ning district, the number of the start-stop piles is K1+ 600-K6 +240, the overall length of the road is 4640 m, and the grade I of the main road of the city. Wherein, the position needing earth and stone excavation is positioned in the K1+ 840-K2 +060 section of the single ridge area, the total length is only 220m, and the total earth and stone volume is 26 ten thousand m 3 Wherein the stone volume is 19 ten thousand meters 3 The maximum excavation height reaches 48m, the height difference between a slope line of the side slope and the adjacent road is 35-40 m, and the construction site fully covers the adjacent existing road. The surrounding environment of the area is complex, the east is open land, village houses are arranged in the south about 17-60 m, hospitals are arranged in the west about 30m, and the north is adjacent to Nanning river. The single ridge is adjacent to four roads, the north mountain foot is a cattail road (the outer side of the road is a rocky steep wall adjacent to Nanning river), the west mountain foot is a crane road, about 57m on the west is peace three streets, and 18m on the south is a luckiness lane. In the project, the mountain body of the construction position is very high, the earth and stone excavation field is very small, the earth and stone volume is large, the construction height difference can reach 48m at most, the periphery of the construction position is provided with a building, the influence of construction vibration noise needs to be reduced, and the construction space is limited. Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the non-blasting excavation construction using the method of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) Road construction
Referring to fig. 4, the road construction includes constructing an approach road 6, constructing a longitudinal transportation channel 5 at the foot of the mountain, and constructing a climbing channel 7 from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain; the longitudinal transportation channel 5 and the climbing channel 7 are both communicated with the entrance passage 6;
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the construction area 2 is adjacent to the existing road 1 Pu Jinlu, the access direction adjacent to the existing road 1 Pu Jinlu is adjusted to be away from the construction area 2, and the access direction is used as an entrance access way 6 for entering and exiting the construction area 2, so that the construction area 2 is prevented from being divided into sporadic and fragmented areas adjacent to the existing road 1, construction safety is guaranteed, and a sufficient operation space required by construction is guaranteed;
the longitudinal transportation channel 5 cuts and crushes mountain feet to one side of a mountain body along the full length of a road by using an initial space isolated by a mechanical crushing hammer through a retaining wall, and the longitudinal transportation channel 5 is opened; the width of the longitudinal transportation channel 5 is required to meet the requirements of equipment and vehicle access and meeting point arrangement;
the climbing channel 7 adopts a zigzag path to turn back and climb the mountain, and a vehicle-meeting platform is arranged at the turning back position of the zigzag climbing channel; when the route of the climbing passageway is arranged, the position and the route of the climbing passageway are reasonably selected according to the terrain condition of a mountain and the limit of the gradient of the climbing passageway, so that vehicles or machines can reach the tail end of the mountain as far as possible to widen the operation space as soon as possible, and the gradient of the climbing passageway is controlled within the range (less than or equal to 20%) of ensuring the driving safety; safety warning protection and signs are applied to the adjacent edges of the mountain going sidewalks according to actual conditions, the driving risk in a field is reduced, the road surface is kept straight, smooth, clean and attractive, the road condition is good, no pit or depression exists, no rockfall exists, no sludge exists, and no water is accumulated;
(2) Construction of lower-part abandoning and dumping platform and upper-part excavation soil throwing platform
Referring to fig. 5, an upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 3 is arranged at a place with a limited working space in the mountain climbing passage 7, and the upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 3 comprises a No. 1 upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 301, a No. 2 upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 302 and a No. 3 upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 303; arranging a lower abandon unloading platform 4 below the upper excavation soil throwing platform 3 and near the longitudinal transportation channel 5 or the climbing channel 7, and connecting the lower abandon unloading platforms 4 at different positions in series by the longitudinal transportation channel 5 or the climbing channel 7 to form a whole; the lower abandonment platform comprises a No. 1 lower abandonment platform 401 arranged below the No. 1 upper excavation soil-throwing platform 301, a No. 2 lower abandonment platform 402 arranged below the No. 2 upper excavation soil-throwing platform 302 and a No. 2 lower abandonment platform 403 arranged below the No. 3 upper excavation soil-throwing platform 303; for a field with unlimited operation space in the climbing channel 7, a dump truck is directly adopted to ascend and descend the mountain through the climbing channel, and earth and stones are directly transported away on a working surface without an upper excavation earth-throwing platform and a lower abandoning party unloading platform;
wherein, the elevation of the lower dump dumping platform is lower than the elevation of the surrounding ground, and the bottom of the platform adopts broken stones, sand gravel, stone powder or loose cohesive soil to pave a deformation energy consumption layer; a stockpiling platform for temporary piling of earth and stone squares and recycling and centralized processing of the stone squares is arranged in the upper excavation and soil throwing platform;
(3) Earth and stone excavation and dynamic management
Referring to fig. 5, 6 and 7, the earth and stone excavation includes a horizontal transportation stage and a vertical transportation stage; the horizontal transportation stage is specifically that the upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 3 carries out non-blasting excavation operation on earthwork of a space-limited field, and the excavated earthwork is accumulated in the upper excavation and soil-throwing platform 3; the abandoned square accumulated in the lower abandoned square unloading platform 4 is transported out through a longitudinal transportation channel 5, a mountain ascending channel 7 and an entrance passage 6; the vertical transportation stage is specifically that the transportation operation of the lower abandonment and dumping platform 4 is stopped, earth and stone squares accumulated in the upper excavation and earth throwing platform 3 are thrown, and the earth and stone squares are vertically thrown and dropped to the lower abandonment and dumping platform 4 below;
the non-blasting excavation adopts a mechanical crushing method, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method and a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method to carry out combined excavation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. thoroughly cleaning up surface layer covering soil or interbedded soil of the part to be excavated by using an excavator and a crawler-type hydraulic crusher;
b. breaking out a lateral face with the primary excavation height of a part to be excavated by using a mechanical breaking method;
c. referring to fig. 4, different excavation processes are selected according to the stratum conditions of the lateral free surface, and excavation is performed in an oblique slicing mode or a vertical slicing mode by taking the side surface of the mountain as a free surface in the sequence from top to bottom; specifically, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method or a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method is adopted for stripping the bulk rock for the bulk rock structure, and then a mechanical crushing method is adopted for reducing the stripped bulk rock; adopting a mechanical crushing method for the soil-stone mixed fragmentation structure;
in the earth and stone excavation process, the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage are switched according to the earth and stone volume accumulated by the earth and stone dumping platform in the upper excavation and the earth and stone volume accumulated by the lower earth and stone dumping platform, so that the operation of staggering the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage is realized, the dynamic management is realized, and the operation space and time are saved to the maximum extent.
Claims (9)
1. The non-blasting excavation construction method for the mountain earthwork in the limited space is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Road construction
The method comprises constructing an approach road, constructing a longitudinal transportation channel on the mountain foot, and constructing a climbing channel from the mountain foot to the mountain top; the longitudinal transportation channel and the climbing channel are both communicated with the entrance passage; the longitudinal transportation channel is formed by cutting broken mountain feet to one side of a mountain along the whole length of the existing road by using an initial space isolated by a retaining wall through a mechanical breaking hammer;
(2) Construction of lower abandoning and dumping platform and upper excavating and soil throwing platform
Arranging an upper excavation soil throwing platform at the site with limited operation space in the mountain climbing channel; a lower abandoning and dumping platform is arranged below the upper excavation soil throwing platform and at a position near the longitudinal transportation channel or the mountain climbing channel; the lower abandon unloading platform at different positions is connected in series by the longitudinal transportation channel and the climbing channel to form a whole;
(3) Earth and stone excavation and dynamic management
The earth and stone excavation comprises a horizontal transportation stage and a vertical transportation stage; the horizontal transportation stage is specifically that the upper excavation soil-throwing platform performs non-blasting excavation operation on the earthwork of the space-limited field, and the excavated earthwork is accumulated in the upper excavation soil-throwing platform; transporting the stacked abandoned squares in the lower abandoned square unloading platform out through a mountain ascending channel, a longitudinal transportation channel and an entrance passage; the vertical transportation stage is specifically that the transportation operation of the lower abandonment and dumping platform is stopped, earth and stone squares accumulated in the upper excavation and earth throwing platform are subjected to earth throwing operation, and the earth and stone squares are vertically thrown and dropped to the lower abandonment and dumping platform;
in the earth and rock excavation process, the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage are switched according to the earth and rock volume accumulated by the earth and rock dumping platform in the upper excavation process and the abandoned volume accumulated by the abandoned earth and rock dumping platform in the lower portion, so that the horizontal transportation stage and the vertical transportation stage are staggered to operate, dynamic management is realized, and the operation space and time are saved to the maximum extent.
2. The method of non-explosive excavation construction of mountain earthwork in a limited space according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) of road construction, when a site of a construction area is adjacent to an existing road and the existing road divides the construction area into sporadic and fragmented areas, an access direction next to the existing road is adjusted to be away from the construction area and used as an entrance way for entering and exiting the construction area, so as to ensure construction safety and ensure a sufficient working space required for construction.
3. The method for non-blasting excavation construction of mountain earthwork in a limited space according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) of road construction, the climbing passageway is folded back to the upper mountain by a zigzag path.
4. The non-blasting excavation construction method for the massif, earth and stone space in the limited space of claim 3, wherein a vehicle-meeting platform is arranged at the turning back position of the zigzag mountaineering channel.
5. The non-blasting excavation construction method for the mountain earthwork in the limited space according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the elevation of the lower abandonment platform is lower than the elevation of the surrounding ground, and the bottom of the platform is paved with crushed stone, sand gravel, stone powder or loose cohesive soil to form a deformation energy consumption layer.
6. The non-blasting excavation construction method for the mountain earthwork in the limited space according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a stockpiling platform for temporary stockpiling of the earthwork and centralized processing of the recycled earthwork is arranged in the upper excavation and soil-throwing platform.
7. The method for non-blasting excavation construction of the mountain earthwork in the limited space according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the non-blasting excavation is excavated in an oblique slice or a vertical slice manner in a top-down order with the side of the mountain as a free surface.
8. The mountain body earth and stone space non-blasting excavation construction method in the limited space of claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the non-blasting excavation adopts a mechanical crushing method, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method and a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method to carry out combined excavation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. thoroughly cleaning up surface layer covering soil or interlayer soil between stones of a part to be excavated;
b. breaking out a lateral blank surface of a part to be excavated at the primary excavation height;
c. selecting different excavation processes according to the stratum conditions of the lateral free face, and excavating in an oblique slicing or vertical slicing mode by taking the side face of the mountain as a free face in an order from top to bottom; specifically, a static crushing method, a hydraulic fracturing method or a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing method is adopted for stripping the bulk rock for the bulk rock structure, and then a mechanical crushing method is adopted for reducing the stripped bulk rock; and a mechanical crushing method is adopted for the soil and stone mixed broken structure.
9. The method for non-blasting excavation of a mountain earthwork in a limited space according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises performing safety monitoring on a building in close proximity to the structure, that is, performing vibration, noise and video monitoring on the whole construction process.
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