CN108321448B - Efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system and thermal management method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system and thermal management method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108321448B CN108321448B CN201810180104.3A CN201810180104A CN108321448B CN 108321448 B CN108321448 B CN 108321448B CN 201810180104 A CN201810180104 A CN 201810180104A CN 108321448 B CN108321448 B CN 108321448B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
- H01G2/08—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Ventilating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency rail transit energy storage heat management system and a heat management method thereof, wherein a liquid working medium in a heat pipe is used for generating phase change when absorbing heat of an energy storage monomer, and gaseous working medium is transmitted to a radiator or a phase change energy storage device through a gas pipeline so as to realize heat exchange; when the liquid level is reduced due to gasification of the working medium in the heat pipe, the working medium is timely supplemented through the liquid level control mechanism. The heat management system can rapidly and effectively dissipate heat of the energy storage device, and can meet the requirements of rapid heat dissipation, proper and consistent temperature and the like of the energy storage device under different working conditions, especially extreme conditions, of rail transit vehicles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage devices, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency rail transit energy storage thermal management system and a thermal management method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the problem of urban environmental pollution is increasingly serious, and energy conservation, emission reduction and development and utilization of new energy become the focus of attention of various countries. The application of the new energy in public transportation is promoted by developing urban public transportation, especially urban rail transportation, and the method is an effective way for solving the problem of urban air pollution. The urban rail transit power battery generates heat and rapidly accumulates in the charge and discharge process, which inevitably causes the temperature increase in the battery, particularly when the battery is applied to the urban rail transit under the heavy current charge and discharge working condition or the environment temperature is higher, severe chemical reaction can occur in the battery, a large amount of generated heat can be accumulated continuously if the heat cannot be dissipated in time, the phenomena of battery leakage, smoke generation and the like can be caused, and even safety accidents such as severe combustion, explosion and the like can occur in severe cases. The temperature has a significant effect on the overall performance of the battery, and is mainly reflected in the operation of an electrochemical system, the charge and discharge efficiency, the chargeability, the reliability, the safety and the cycle life of the battery. Generally, the chemical reaction rate is doubled every 10 ℃ of temperature rise, the rate of harmful chemical reaction in the battery is accelerated by the rise of the temperature, and the battery is damaged, and particularly when the temperature rises by 5 ℃ in high-rate charge and discharge, the service life of the battery is reduced by half. Compared with electric automobiles, the power system of urban rail transit has higher power requirement on energy storage and has stronger requirement on quick charge and discharge capacity, which leads to more heat generated by the energy storage device during high-current charge and discharge, so that special and more effective heat management is required.
In the last two decades, the research work of power battery thermal management has been greatly advanced, and mainly the following system technologies are formed: battery thermal management techniques based on high temperature or low temperature resistant battery materials; a power battery thermal management system in which air or liquid is a heat transfer medium; power battery thermal management based on heating and cooling principles such as heat pipes, cold plates and the like. The mainstream energy storage heat management modes for the vehicle include air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change material cooling. The air-cooling and heat-managing system takes away heat through the air flowing through the lithium battery box, has low manufacturing cost and easy realization, but has large occupied space, poor consistency and low heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for occasions with low heat dissipation requirements. The liquid cooling and heating management uses liquid to replace air for heat dissipation, and the heat dissipation efficiency is higher than that of the air, but the system is complex, the manufacturing cost is higher, and potential safety hazards exist. The thermal management technology combining the phase change material and the heat pipe is a thermal management technology of the energy storage device which is popular at present. The prior literature researches show that compared with other heat management modes such as air cooling and the like, the heat pipe cooling mode has good heat dissipation effect.
In the existing power battery thermal management system, a sintering type heat pipe is mostly adopted, and although the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe is relatively strong, the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe is fixed, the heat dissipation capacity is limited, and the heat load of the heat pipe cannot be infinitely increased, so that the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is limited by a plurality of factors. When the heat pipe reaches a certain limit under the high-strength and high-temperature severe environment, the evaporating end of the heat pipe dries up and is overheated, and the circulation of the working fluid is interrupted. In addition, the urban rail transit vehicle has high power level, the total amount of heat generated by the battery is large, and the existing thermal management system cannot be loaded.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency rail transit energy storage heat management system and a heat management method thereof, which are heat management systems capable of rapidly and effectively radiating energy storage devices and meeting the requirements of rapid heat radiation, proper and consistent temperature and the like of the energy storage devices of rail transit vehicles under different working conditions, especially extreme conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an efficient rail transit energy storage heat management system comprises an energy storage device, a box body, a heat pipe array, a gas pipeline, a liquid tank, a liquid level control mechanism, a heater, a radiator, a phase change energy storage device, a sensor, a valve and a control unit, wherein the energy storage device is formed by a plurality of energy storage monomers; the heat pipe array is arranged in the box body, the heat pipe array is inserted between each energy storage monomer, the top of the heat pipe array is communicated with the liquid tank through a gas pipeline, the gas pipeline is provided with a radiator and/or a phase change energy accumulator, the bottom of the heat pipe array is communicated with the liquid tank through a liquid pipeline, the liquid tank is provided with a liquid level control mechanism, and the liquid working medium is filled in the heat pipe array, the liquid pipeline and the liquid tank; a heater is arranged at the bottom of the box body; sensors are arranged on the radiator and the energy storage monomer; a valve is arranged on the gas pipeline; the control unit is connected to the control ends of the heater, the radiator, the sensor and the valve. The energy storage device can be a lithium battery, a super capacitor or other energy storage modes.
Further, the heat pipe array comprises a plurality of heat pipes which are arranged in parallel, liquid working media are filled in the heat pipes, the upper ends of the heat pipes are connected with the gas pipeline, and the lower ends of the heat pipes are connected with the liquid pipeline; the heat pipe exchanges heat with the energy storage monomer through a heat transfer medium; the heat transfer medium is foamed aluminum, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil or a heat-conducting metal plate.
The heat pipe array is arranged between the energy storage monomers, and reinforced heat transfer media such as foamed aluminum, heat conduction silica gel, insulating heat conduction oil or heat conduction metal plates are filled between the heat pipes and the energy storage monomers; is a core component for realizing heat exchange with the energy storage monomer; the heat pipe is filled with a certain amount of cooling working medium, the liquid level of the cooling working medium is slightly higher than that of the energy storage monomer, and the liquid level is controlled by the liquid level control mechanism to be relatively stable; thereby achieving a fast and efficient heat transfer.
Further, the main pipeline is arranged at the top of the box body in a roundabout way, and is connected with each heat pipe in a radiation open ring shape at the top of the box body; the main pipeline transmits the gaseous working medium in the heat pipe to the radiator or the phase change energy accumulator through the branch pipeline; the liquid tank is communicated with the radiator and the phase change energy accumulator through a communicating pipeline, and the communicating pipeline conveys the liquid working medium subjected to phase change by the radiator or the phase change energy accumulator back to the liquid tank through the communicating pipeline; and storing liquid working medium in the liquid tank, and compensating the liquid working medium in the heat pipe in real time through a liquid pipeline.
Further, the branch pipeline comprises a branch pipeline I, a branch pipeline II, a branch pipeline III and a branch pipeline IV, wherein the ends of the branch pipeline I and the branch pipeline II are connected to the main pipeline, the ends of the branch pipeline I and the branch pipeline II are connected with each other, a valve M1 is arranged on the branch pipeline I, a valve M2 is arranged on the branch pipeline II, and the phase change energy accumulator is arranged on the branch pipeline II; the ends of the branch pipeline III and the branch pipeline IV are connected with each other and are connected to the end tails of the branch pipeline I and the branch pipeline II, the branch pipeline III is connected to the communicating pipeline through the radiator, the end tail of the branch pipeline IV is connected to the communicating pipeline, the valve M3 is arranged on the branch pipeline III, and the valve M4 is arranged on the branch pipeline IV; the rapid heat dissipation of the gaseous working medium is realized.
When the temperature of the environment where the energy storage device is positioned is low, the phase change energy storage device absorbs heat of the gaseous working medium, and transmits the heat to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline, so that the heat is transmitted to the energy storage monomer; thereby the waste heat of the energy storage device is fully utilized and the energy efficiency is improved.
In addition, in winter, the phase change energy accumulator absorbs the redundant heat emitted from the energy storage device, can be used for heating liquid working medium and also can heat a carriage, can reduce the energy consumption of an air conditioning system of a rail transit vehicle, and realizes the full utilization of energy.
Further, the liquid pipeline comprises a field-shaped closed loop pipeline and a main liquid pipeline, the field-shaped closed loop pipeline is arranged in a groove arranged at the bottom of the energy storage box, and the field-shaped closed loop pipeline is connected with the bottom ends of the heat pipes in the heat pipe array; the main liquid pipeline is communicated with the liquid tank and the heat pipe and is used as a transmission channel of liquid working medium, and the liquid working medium in the liquid tank and the heat pipe is transmitted; the phase change energy storage is arranged on the main liquid pipeline. The quick circulation supplement of the cooling liquid working medium in the heat pipe is realized.
Further, the liquid level control mechanism comprises a liquid level valve, a liquid level ball float valve, a liquid level meter pipe body and a linkage mechanical rod, wherein the liquid level valve is arranged at the joint of a main liquid pipeline at the bottom of the liquid tank, the liquid level meter pipe body is arranged on the main liquid pipeline, the liquid level ball float valve is arranged in the liquid level meter pipe body, and the liquid level valve and the liquid level ball float valve are connected through the linkage mechanical rod. The liquid level control mechanism enables the liquid level of all the heat pipes in the heat pipe array to fluctuate back and forth in a small range below the balance position in a short time, ensures that the materials in the heat pipes can be rapidly supplemented in real time, and has an energy-saving effect without consuming electric energy.
Further, the heater comprises a heat insulation pad, a reflecting film and a heating film which are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top, and is arranged at the bottom of the box body and controlled by the control unit; the heater and the liquid pipeline connected with the lower end of the heat pipe realize good heat transfer, and the heat is transferred to the energy storage monomer through the liquid pipeline and the heat pipe, so that the energy storage device is prevented from freezing and started at low temperature.
A variable speed fan is arranged at the radiator, the variable speed fan is controlled by a control unit to realize wide-range power adjustment of the radiator, the radiator radiates heat for gaseous working medium in a gas pipeline, and the radiating power is controlled by the variable speed fan; and cooling the gaseous working medium to realize heat dissipation of the energy storage device. The wind for taking away the heat of the radiator can be ambient air or waste heat air in the carriage.
The sensor comprises a temperature sensor I and a temperature sensor II, wherein the temperature sensor I is arranged at the position of a lug or the surface of each energy storage monomer, and the temperature sensor II is arranged on a gas pipeline at the outlet position of the radiator; the sensor collects the temperature of the energy storage device and the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator, and transmits collected data to the control unit. The heater, the radiator, the variable speed fan and the valve can be controlled according to the temperature value acquired by the temperature sensor.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a high-efficiency thermal management method of the rail transit energy storage thermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
when the energy storage monomer works, the generated heat is transferred to the heat pipe through the heat transfer medium, and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe is changed into a gaseous working medium, so that the heat is stored in the gaseous working medium;
the gaseous working medium flows to the radiator or the phase change energy accumulator through the gas pipeline under the action of air pressure, and the radiator or the phase change energy accumulator changes the gaseous working medium into a liquid working medium, so that heat is transferred out or stored;
the liquid working medium after the phase change again returns to the liquid tank through the communicating pipeline;
the liquid working medium in the heat pipe is balanced, the liquid working medium in the heat pipe is reduced due to phase change, the liquid level is lowered to be lower than the balance position, and the liquid level control mechanism automatically opens the liquid tank to supplement the liquid working medium to the heat pipe until the liquid level of the heat pipe is restored to the balance position;
meanwhile, the temperature state is detected in real time by the sensor, so that the working states of the heater, the radiator and the valve are controlled by the control unit.
Further, the control process of the control unit includes the steps of:
the temperature T1 of the energy storage device and the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator are detected in real time by a sensor;
presetting a temperature reference value and power P corresponding to different wind speeds in a control unit k And an initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan, wherein the temperature reference value comprises a cold start lower limit temperature T set0 Optimum working lower limit temperature T of energy storage device set1 Optimum upper limit temperature T of energy storage device set3 And the temperature T of the cooling working medium gas-liquid phase is changed set2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The power P corresponding to different wind speeds k The power of the variable speed fan is equal to the temperature difference value T1; the initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan is obtained by ensuring that the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is in the optimal working temperature range and the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator is less than or equal to T set2 Determining the minimum variable speed fan power required by T1;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is less than T set0 When the phase change energy accumulator is started to heat, the heat generated by the heater is transferred to the energy storage monomer, so that the value of T1 is increased;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set0 And is less than T set1 When the phase change energy accumulator works independently, the liquid working medium is heated, and the T1 value is increased;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set1 And is less than T set2 When the control unit sends out instructions to close the heater, the variable speed fan, the valve M2 and the valve M3, and opens the valve M1 and the valve M4, at the moment, the gas pipeline directly leads to the liquid tank without passing through the radiator and the phase change energy accumulator;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set2 When the radiator is in use, the valve M1 and the valve M3 are opened, the valve M2 and the valve M4 are closed, and the gas pipeline only passes through the radiator at the moment; if T1 is smaller than T at this time set3 Temperature sensor II detects temperature of working medium at outlet of radiatorT2, when T2 is greater than T set2 When T2 is reached, the variable speed fan is turned on, the power of the variable speed fan is adjusted to be the initial power P0, and the temperature of a working medium outlet of the radiator is smaller than the phase change temperature of the gaseous working medium;
when the temperature of the energy storage device T1 is greater than T set3 When the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator is reduced to T, the control system controls the variable speed fan in real time set2 The following are set forth;
when receiving the end signal, the control unit resumes the initial setting and ends the operation, otherwise the control flow will be circulated.
The whole control process aims at enabling the energy storage device to always work at the optimal temperature T set1 ～T set3 And ensures that the working medium which is discharged from the radiator and then flows into the liquid tank is in a liquid state.
The phase-change energy accumulator is provided with a phase-change material which is solid at low temperature and liquid at high temperature, and the solid-liquid phase-change temperature is T set0 And T is set1 Between them. When the temperature of the environment where the energy storage device is positioned is low, the phase change material absorbs heat of the gaseous working medium, and the heat is transferred to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline and then transferred to the energy storage monomer; therefore, the waste heat of the energy storage device is fully utilized, and when the environmental temperature of the energy efficiency phase change energy storage device is low, the energy efficiency phase change energy storage device absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium and transfers the heat to the liquid working medium, and then transfers the heat to the energy storage monomer.
Further, the control method of the liquid level control mechanism comprises the following steps:
when the liquid level in the liquid level meter tube body is detected to drop from the balance position by the liquid level ball float valve, the liquid level ball float valve drives the linkage mechanical rod to gradually open the liquid level valve at the bottom of the liquid tank, and liquid working medium is discharged to supplement the liquid working medium reduced in the liquid level meter tube body and the heat tube;
in the process that the liquid level meter tube body and the heat pipe obtain the liquid working medium supplementing liquid level to rise to the balance position, the liquid level ball float valve drives the linkage mechanical rod to gradually close the liquid level valve at the bottom of the liquid tank.
The liquid level control mechanism enables the liquid level of all the heat pipes in the heat pipe array to fluctuate back and forth in a small range below the balance position in a short time, ensures that the materials in the heat pipes can be rapidly supplemented in real time, and has an energy-saving effect without consuming electric energy.
According to the invention, the liquid working medium in the heat pipe is used for absorbing the heat of the energy storage monomer and then carrying out phase change, and the gaseous working medium is transmitted to the radiator or the phase change energy accumulator through the gas pipeline so as to realize heat exchange; when the liquid level is reduced due to gasification of the working medium in the heat pipe, the working medium is timely supplemented through the liquid level control mechanism.
The beneficial effect of adopting this technical scheme is:
(1) the heat pipe heat dissipation mode of the communication type adjustable working medium provided by the invention is based on the self characteristics of high power grade, large battery discharge multiplying power and the like of the new energy rail transit vehicle, so that the phenomenon that the traditional heat pipe is burned out due to low working quality can be effectively avoided, the efficient heat dissipation of the heat pipe to the energy storage device can be ensured, and the working temperature of the energy storage device is within the optimal temperature range; the requirements of rapid heat dissipation, proper and consistent temperature and the like of the energy storage device of the rail transit vehicle under different working conditions, particularly extreme conditions, can be met;
(2) according to the invention, the phase-change energy accumulator is utilized to heat the liquid working medium or heat the carriage by using the battery waste heat, so that the utilization rate of energy sources is improved, and the energy waste is reduced;
(3) the heat pipe array and each energy storage monomer are subjected to heat exchange, which is equivalent to the fact that each energy storage monomer is immersed in a heat pipe condensation environment, so that the high-efficiency heat dissipation and the temperature consistency of the energy storage device are ensured; particularly, the working temperature of the energy storage device can be efficiently regulated in extremely cold winter;
(4) according to the invention, the variable speed fan is used for introducing air conditioning cold air of the new energy tramcar as a cold source of the radiator, so that the temperature of the energy storage device can be effectively reduced, the energy utilization rate and environmental protection can be effectively improved, and particularly, the energy storage device can be efficiently radiated when the energy storage device is in a high-temperature working condition in summer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency rail transit energy storage thermal management system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a heat pipe array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gas pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal components of the case according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a gas pipe and a liquid pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a liquid level control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating connection of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for thermal management of an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is an energy storage monomer, 2 is a box body, 3 is a heat pipe array, 4 is a gas pipeline, 5 is a liquid pipeline, 6 is a liquid tank, 7 is a liquid level control mechanism, 8 is a heater, 9 is a radiator, and 10 is a phase change energy accumulator; 31 is a heat transfer medium and 32 is a heat pipe; 41 is a main body pipe, 42 is a branch pipe, and 43 is a communication pipe; 421 is a branch line I, 422 is a branch line II, 423 is a branch line III, 424 is a branch line IV, 425 is a valve M1, 426 is a valve M2, 427 is a valve M3, 428 is a valve M4;51 is a closed loop pipeline in the shape of a Chinese character 'tian', and 52 is a main liquid pipeline; 71 is a liquid level valve, 72 is a liquid level ball float valve, 73 is a liquid level meter pipe body, and 74 is a linkage mechanical rod; 81 is a heat insulating mat, 82 is a reflective film, and 83 is a heat generating film; reference numeral 91 denotes a variable speed fan, 11 denotes a temperature sensor i, and 12 denotes a temperature sensor ii.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 7, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency rail transit energy storage thermal management system, which includes an energy storage device composed of a plurality of energy storage monomers 1, a box 2, a heat pipe array 3, a gas pipe 4, a liquid pipe 5, a liquid tank 6, a liquid level control mechanism 7, a heater 8, a radiator 9, a phase change energy storage 10, a sensor, a valve and a control unit; the energy storage device is arranged in the box body 2, the heat pipe array 3 is inserted between each energy storage monomer 1, the top of the heat pipe array 3 is communicated with the liquid tank 6 through the gas pipeline 4, the radiator 9 and/or the phase change energy accumulator 10 are arranged on the gas pipeline 4, the bottom of the heat pipe array 3 is communicated with the liquid tank 6 through the liquid pipeline 5, the liquid tank 6 is provided with the liquid level control mechanism 7, and the liquid working medium is filled in the heat pipe array 3, the liquid pipeline 5 and the liquid tank 6; a heater 8 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 2; sensors are arranged on the radiator 9 and the energy storage monomer 1; a valve is arranged on the gas pipeline 4; the control unit is connected to the control ends of the heater 8, the radiator 9, the sensor and the valve.
The liquid working medium is a coolant which has good economical efficiency, comprehensive thermophysical properties, good thermal stability and liquid state at normal temperature, and the gas-liquid phase change temperatures under standard atmospheric pressure are respectively T set2 ，-50℃～T set2 Is liquid, wherein the liquid working medium needs to be determined according to the subsequent simulation and experimental results in a large number.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat pipe array 3 includes a plurality of heat pipes 32 arranged in parallel, the inside of the heat pipes 32 is filled with a liquid working medium, the upper ends of the heat pipes 32 are connected with the gas pipeline 4, and the lower ends of the heat pipes 32 are connected with the liquid pipeline 5; the heat pipe 32 exchanges heat with the energy storage monomer 1 through the heat transfer medium 31; the heat transfer medium 31 is foamed aluminum, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil or a heat-conducting metal plate.
The heat pipe array 3 is arranged between the energy storage monomers 1, and reinforced heat transfer media 31 such as foamed aluminum, heat conduction silica gel, insulating heat conduction oil or heat conduction metal plates are filled between the heat pipes 32 and the energy storage monomers 1; is a core component for realizing heat exchange with the energy storage monomer 1; the heat pipe 32 is filled with a certain amount of cooling working medium, the liquid level of the cooling working medium is slightly higher than the energy storage monomer 1, and the liquid level is controlled by the liquid level control mechanism 7 to be relatively stable; a fast and efficient heat transfer is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the main pipeline 41 is disposed at the top of the box 2 in a roundabout manner, and is connected to each heat pipe 32 in a radial open loop shape at the top of the box 2; the main pipeline 41 transmits the gaseous working medium in the heat pipe 32 to the radiator 9 or the phase change energy accumulator 10 through the branch pipeline 42; the liquid tank 6 is communicated with the radiator 9 and the phase change energy accumulator 10 through a communicating pipeline 43, and the communicating pipeline 43 conveys the liquid working medium subjected to phase change by the radiator 9 or the phase change energy accumulator 10 back to the liquid tank 6 through the communicating pipeline 43; the liquid working medium is stored in the liquid tank 6, and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 is compensated in real time through the liquid pipeline 5.
As shown in fig. 3 and 7, the branch pipe 42 includes a branch pipe i 421, a branch pipe ii 422, a branch pipe iii 423, and a branch pipe iv 424, the ends of the branch pipe i 421 and the branch pipe ii 422 are connected to the main pipe 41, the ends of the branch pipe i 421 and the branch pipe ii 422 are connected to each other, a valve M1425 is disposed on the branch pipe i 421, a valve M2426 is disposed on the branch pipe ii 422, and the phase-change energy accumulator 10 is disposed on the branch pipe ii 422; the ends of the branch pipeline III 423 and the branch pipeline IV 424 are mutually connected and connected to the end tails of the branch pipeline I421 and the branch pipeline II 422, the branch pipeline III 423 is connected to the communicating pipeline 43 through the radiator 9, the end tail of the branch pipeline IV 424 is connected to the communicating pipeline 43, the valve M3427 is arranged on the branch pipeline III 423, and the valve M4428 is arranged on the branch pipeline IV 424; the rapid heat dissipation of the gaseous working medium is realized. When the temperature of the environment where the energy storage device is positioned is low, the phase change energy storage device 10 absorbs heat of the gaseous working medium, and transmits the heat to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline 5, and then transmits the heat to the energy storage monomer 1; thereby the waste heat of the energy storage device is fully utilized and the energy efficiency is improved.
In addition, in winter, the phase change energy accumulator 10 absorbs the redundant heat emitted from the energy storage device, can be used for heating liquid working medium and also can be used for heating a carriage, can reduce the energy consumption of an air conditioning system of a rail transit vehicle, and realizes the full utilization of energy.
As shown in fig. 5, the liquid pipeline 5 includes a closed loop pipeline 51 and a main liquid pipeline 52, the closed loop pipeline 51 is disposed in a groove disposed at the bottom of the energy storage tank, and the closed loop pipeline 51 is connected to the bottom ends of the heat pipes 32 in the heat pipe array 3; the main liquid pipeline 52 is communicated with the liquid tank 6 and the heat pipe 32 and is used as a transmission channel of liquid working medium, and the liquid working medium in the liquid tank 6 and the heat pipe 32 is transmitted; the phase change energy storage 10 is arranged on a main liquid line 52. The rapid circulation supplement of the cooling liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 is realized.
As shown in fig. 6, the liquid level control mechanism 7 includes a liquid level valve 71, a liquid level float valve 72, a liquid level meter tube 73 and a linkage mechanical rod 74, the liquid level valve 71 is disposed at the joint of the main liquid pipeline 52 at the bottom of the liquid tank 6, the liquid level meter tube 73 is disposed on the main liquid pipeline 52, the liquid level float valve 72 is disposed in the liquid level meter tube 73, and the liquid level valve 71 and the liquid level float valve 72 are connected through the linkage mechanical rod 74. The liquid level control mechanism 7 enables the liquid level of all the heat pipes 32 in the heat pipe array 3 to fluctuate back and forth within a small range below the balance position in a short time, so that the real-time and rapid replenishment of the materials in the heat pipes 32 is ensured, and meanwhile, the energy-saving effect is achieved without consuming electric energy.
As an optimization scheme of the embodiment, the heater 8 comprises a heat insulation pad 81, a reflecting film 82 and a heating film 83 which are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top, and the heater 8 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 2 and is controlled by a control unit; the heater can realize good heat transfer with the liquid pipeline 5 connected with the lower end of the heat pipe 32, and the heat is transferred to the energy storage monomer 1 through the liquid pipeline 5 and the heat pipe 32, so that the energy storage device is prevented from freezing and started at low temperature.
A variable speed fan 91 is arranged at the radiator 9, the variable speed fan 91 is controlled by a control unit to realize wide-range power adjustment of the radiator 9, the radiator 9 radiates heat to the gaseous working medium in the gas pipeline 4, and the radiating power is controlled by the variable speed fan 91; and cooling the gaseous working medium to realize heat dissipation of the energy storage device.
The sensor comprises a temperature sensor I11 and a temperature sensor II 12, wherein the temperature sensor I11 is arranged at the position of the electrode lug or the surface of each energy storage monomer 1, and the temperature sensor II 12 is arranged on the gas pipeline 4 at the outlet position of the radiator 9; the sensor collects the temperature of the energy storage device and the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator 9, and transmits collected data to the control unit. The heater 8, the radiator 9, the variable speed fan 91 and the valve can be controlled according to the temperature value acquired by the temperature sensor.
In order to cooperate with the implementation of the method of the invention, the invention also provides a high-efficiency thermal management method of the rail transit energy storage thermal management system based on the same inventive concept, which comprises the following steps:
when the energy storage monomer 1 works, generated heat is transferred to the heat pipe 32 through the heat transfer medium 31, and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 is changed into gaseous working medium, so that the heat is stored in the gaseous working medium;
the gaseous working medium flows to the radiator 9 or the phase change energy storage device 10 through the gas pipeline 4 under the action of air pressure, and the radiator 9 or the phase change energy storage device 10 changes the gaseous working medium into a liquid working medium, so that heat is transferred out or stored;
the liquid working medium after the phase change again returns to the liquid tank 6 through the communication pipeline 43;
the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 is balanced, the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 is reduced due to phase change, the liquid level is lowered to be lower than the balance position, and the liquid level control mechanism 7 automatically opens the liquid tank 6 to supplement the liquid working medium to the heat pipe 32 until the liquid level of the heat pipe 32 is restored to the balance position;
meanwhile, the temperature state is detected in real time by the sensor, so that the operating states of the heater 8, the radiator 9 and the valve are controlled by the control unit.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the control process of the control unit includes the steps of:
the temperature T1 of the energy storage device and the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator 9 are detected in real time by a sensor;
presetting a temperature reference value and power P corresponding to different wind speeds in a control unit k And an initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan, wherein the temperature reference value comprises a cold start lower limit temperature T set0 Optimum working lower limit temperature T of energy storage device set1 Optimum upper limit temperature T of energy storage device set3 And the temperature T of the cooling working medium gas-liquid phase is changed set2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The power P corresponding to different wind speeds k The power of the variable speed fan is equal to the temperature difference value T1; the initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan is obtained by ensuring that the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is in the optimal working temperature range and the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator 9 is less than or equal to T set2 -▽Determining the power of the minimum variable speed fan required by T1;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is less than T set0 When the phase-change energy accumulator 10 is in operation, the heater 8 is started to heat, and heat generated by the heater 8 is transferred to the energy storage monomer 1 to increase the value T1;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set0 And is less than T set1 When the phase change energy accumulator 10 works independently to heat the liquid working medium, the control unit sends a command to close the heater 8, the valve M1425, the valve M3427 and the variable speed fan 91, and simultaneously opens the valve M2426 and the valve M4428, so that the T1 value is increased;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set1 And is less than T set2 When the control unit sends out instructions to close the heater 8, the variable speed fan 91, the valve M2426 and the valve M3427, and opens the valve M1425 and the valve M4428, the gas pipeline 4 directly leads to the liquid tank 6 without passing through the radiator 9 and the phase change energy accumulator 10;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set2 When the valve M1425 and the valve M3427 are opened, the valve M2426 and the valve M4428 are closed, and the gas pipeline 4 only passes through the radiator 9; if T1 is smaller than T at this time set3 The temperature sensor II 12 detects the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator 9, when T2 is larger than T set2 When being T2, the variable speed fan 91 is turned on, and the power of the variable speed fan is adjusted to be the initial power P0, so that the working medium outlet temperature of the radiator 9 is smaller than the phase change temperature of the gaseous working medium;
when the temperature of the energy storage device T1 is greater than T set3 When in use, the control system controls the variable speed fan 91 in real time to reduce the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator 9 to T set2 The following are set forth;
when receiving the end signal, the control unit resumes the initial setting and ends the operation, otherwise the control flow will be circulated.
The whole control process aims at enabling the energy storage device to always work at the optimal temperature T set1 ～T set3 And ensures that the working medium exiting the radiator 9 and then flowing into the liquid tank 6 is in a liquid state.
The phase-change energy accumulator 10 is provided with a phase-change material which is solid at low temperature and liquid at high temperature, and the solid-liquid phase-change temperature is T set0 And T is set1 Between them. When the temperature of the environment where the energy storage device is positioned is low, the phase change material absorbs heat of the gaseous working medium and transfers the heat to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline 5, and then transfers the heat to the energy storage monomer 1; thereby the waste heat of the energy storage device is fully utilized, and when the environmental temperature is low, the energy efficiency phase change energy storage device 10 is improved, the heat of the gaseous working medium is absorbed, and is transferred to the liquid working medium, and then transferred to the energy storage monomer 1.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the control method of the liquid level control mechanism 7 includes the steps of:
when the liquid level in the liquid level meter tube body 73 is detected to drop from the balance position by the liquid level ball float valve 72, the liquid level ball float valve 72 drives the linkage mechanical rod 74 to gradually open the liquid level valve 71 at the bottom of the liquid tank 6, and liquid working medium is discharged to supplement the liquid working medium in the liquid level meter tube body 73 and the heat pipe 32;
in the process that the liquid level meter tube 73 and the heat pipe 32 obtain the liquid working medium supplementing liquid level to rise to the balance position, the liquid level ball float valve 72 drives the linkage mechanical rod 74 to gradually close the liquid level valve 71 at the bottom of the liquid tank 6.
The liquid level control mechanism 7 enables the liquid level of all the heat pipes 32 in the heat pipe array 3 to fluctuate back and forth within a small range below the balance position in a short time, so that the real-time and rapid replenishment of the materials in the heat pipes 32 is ensured, and meanwhile, the energy-saving effect is achieved without consuming electric energy.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The efficient rail transit energy storage heat management system is characterized by comprising an energy storage device formed by a plurality of energy storage monomers (1), a box body (2), a heat pipe array (3), a gas pipeline (4), a liquid pipeline (5), a liquid tank (6), a liquid level control mechanism (7), a heater (8), a radiator (9), a phase change energy storage device (10), a sensor, a valve and a control unit; the energy storage device is arranged in the box body (2), the heat pipe array (3) is inserted between each energy storage monomer (1), the top of the heat pipe array (3) is communicated with the liquid tank (6) through the gas pipeline (4), the gas pipeline (4) is provided with the radiator (9) and/or the phase change energy accumulator (10), the bottom of the heat pipe array (3) is communicated with the liquid tank (6) through the liquid pipeline (5), the liquid tank (6) is provided with the liquid level control mechanism (7), and the liquid working medium is filled in the heat pipe array (3), the liquid pipeline (5) and the liquid tank (6); a heater (8) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (2); sensors are arranged on the radiator (9) and the energy storage monomer (1); a valve is arranged on the gas pipeline (4); the control unit is connected to the control ends of the heater (8), the radiator (9), the sensor and the valve;
the liquid pipeline (5) comprises a field-shaped closed-loop pipeline (51) and a main liquid pipeline (52), the field-shaped closed-loop pipeline (51) is arranged in a groove arranged at the bottom of the energy storage box, and the field-shaped closed-loop pipeline (51) is connected with the bottom ends of the heat pipes (32) in the heat pipe array (3); the main liquid pipeline (52) is communicated with the liquid tank (6) and the heat pipe (32); the phase change energy accumulator (10) is arranged on the main liquid pipeline (52);
the liquid level control mechanism (7) comprises a liquid level valve (71), a liquid level float valve (72), a liquid level meter pipe body (73) and a linkage mechanical rod (74), wherein the liquid level valve (71) is arranged at the joint of a main liquid pipeline (52) at the bottom of the liquid tank (6), the liquid level meter pipe body (73) is arranged on the main liquid pipeline (52), the liquid level float valve (72) is arranged in the liquid level meter pipe body (73), and the liquid level valve (71) and the liquid level float valve (72) are connected through the linkage mechanical rod (74).
2. The efficient rail transit energy storage heat management system according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe array (3) comprises a plurality of heat pipes (32) which are arranged in parallel, the heat pipes (32) are internally filled with liquid working media, the upper ends of the heat pipes (32) are connected with the gas pipeline (4), and the lower ends of the heat pipes (32) are connected with the liquid pipeline (5); the heat pipe (32) exchanges heat with the energy storage monomer (1) through the heat transfer medium (31); the heat transfer medium (31) is foamed aluminum, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil or a heat-conducting metal plate.
3. An efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gas conduit (4) comprises a main body conduit (41), a branch conduit (42) and a communicating conduit (43); the main pipeline (41) is arranged at the top of the box body (2) in a roundabout way, and is connected with each heat pipe (32) in a radiation open ring shape at the top of the box body (2); the main pipeline (41) transmits the gaseous working medium in the heat pipe (32) to the radiator (9) or the phase change energy accumulator (10) through the branch pipeline (42); the liquid tank (6) is communicated with the radiator (9) and the phase-change energy accumulator (10) through a communication pipeline (43), and the communication pipeline (43) conveys liquid working media subjected to phase change through the radiator (9) or the phase-change energy accumulator (10) back to the liquid tank (6) through the communication pipeline (43); the liquid working medium is stored in the liquid tank (6), and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe (32) is compensated in real time through the liquid pipeline (5).
4. A high efficiency rail transit energy storage thermal management system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said branch line (42) comprises a branch line i (421), a branch line ii (422), a branch line iii (423) and a branch line iv (424), said branch line i (421) and branch line ii (422) each terminating in a body line (41), said branch line i (421) and branch line ii (422) terminating in an interconnection, a valve M1 (425) disposed on said branch line i (421), a valve M2 (426) disposed on said branch line ii (422), said phase change energy storage device (10) disposed on said branch line ii (422); the end interconnect of lateral line III (423) and lateral line IV (424) is connected to the end tail of lateral line I (421) and lateral line II (422), lateral line III (423) is connected to communicating pipe (43) through radiator (9), the end tail of lateral line IV (424) is connected to communicating pipe (43) set up valve M3 (427) on lateral line III (423) set up valve M4 (428) on lateral line IV (424).
5. The efficient rail transit energy storage heat management system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heater (8) comprises a heat insulation pad (81), a reflecting film (82) and a heating film (83) which are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top, and the heater (8) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (2) and is controlled by the control unit; a variable speed fan (91) is arranged at the radiator (9), the variable speed fan (91) is controlled by a control unit to realize wide-range power adjustment of the radiator (9), the radiator (9) radiates heat to the gaseous working medium in the gas pipeline (4), and the radiating power is controlled by the variable speed fan (91); the sensor comprises a temperature sensor I (11) and a temperature sensor II (12), wherein the temperature sensor I (11) is arranged at the position of the lug or the surface of each energy storage monomer (1), the temperature sensor II (12) is arranged on a gas pipeline (4) at the outlet position of a radiator (9), and the sensor acquires the temperature of the energy storage device and the temperature of working medium at the outlet of the radiator (9) and transmits acquired data to a control unit.
6. A method for efficient thermal management of a rail transit energy storage thermal management system, characterized in that it is based on any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
when the energy storage monomer (1) works, generated heat is transferred to the heat pipe (32) through the heat transfer medium (31), and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe (32) is changed into a gaseous working medium, so that the heat is stored in the gaseous working medium;
the gaseous working medium flows to the radiator (9) or the phase change energy storage device (10) through the gas pipeline (4) under the action of air pressure, and the radiator (9) or the phase change energy storage device (10) changes the gaseous working medium into a liquid working medium, so that heat is transferred out or stored;
the liquid working medium after the phase change again returns to the liquid tank (6) through the communication pipeline (43);
liquid working medium in the balance heat pipe (32): the liquid working medium in the heat pipe (32) is reduced due to phase change, the liquid level is lowered and lower than the balance position, and the liquid level control mechanism (7) automatically opens the liquid tank (6) to supplement the liquid working medium to the heat pipe (32) until the liquid level of the heat pipe (32) is restored to the balance position;
meanwhile, the temperature state is detected in real time by the sensor, so that the working states of the heater (8), the radiator (9) and the valve are controlled by the control unit.
7. The method for thermal management of an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the control process of the control unit comprises the steps of:
the temperature T1 of the energy storage device and the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator (9) are detected in real time by a sensor;
presetting a temperature reference value and power P corresponding to different wind speeds in a control unit k And an initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan, wherein the temperature reference value comprises a cold start lower limit temperature T set0 Optimum working lower limit temperature T of energy storage device set1 Optimum upper limit temperature T of energy storage device set3 And the temperature T of the cooling working medium gas-liquid phase is changed set2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The power P corresponding to different wind speeds k The power of the variable speed fan is equal to the temperature difference value T1; the initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan is obtained by ensuring that the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is in the optimal working temperature range and the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator (9) is less than or equal to T set2 Determining the minimum variable speed fan power required by T1;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is less than T set0 When the phase-change energy storage device is in use, the control unit sends out an instruction to close the valve M1 (425), the valve M3 (427) and the variable speed fan (91), and opens the valve M2 (426) and the valve M4 (428), so that the phase-change energy storage device (10) works, meanwhile, the heater (8) is started to heat, and heat generated by the heater (8) is transferred to the energy storage monomer (1) to increase the value of T1;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set0 And is less than T set1 When the phase change energy accumulator (10) works independently to heat the liquid working medium, the control unit sends an instruction to close the heater (8), the valve M1 (425), the valve M3 (427) and the variable speed fan (91), and simultaneously opens the valve M2 (426) and the valve M4 (428), so that the T1 value is increased;
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set1 And is less than T set2 When the control unit sends out instructions to close the heater (8), the variable speed fan (91), the valve M2 (426) and the valve M3 (427), and opens the valve M1 (425) and the valve M4 (428), the gas pipeline (4) directly leads to the liquid tank (6) without passing through the radiator (9) and the phase change energy accumulator (10);
when the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set2 When the valve M1 (425) and the valve M3 (427) are opened, the valve M2 (426) and the valve M4 (428) are closed, and the gas pipeline (4) only passes through the radiator (9); if T1 is smaller than T at this time set3 The temperature sensor II (12) detects the temperature T2 of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator (9), when T2 is larger than T set2-▽ When T2, the variable speed fan (91) is turned on, and the power of the variable speed fan is adjusted to be the initial power P0, so that the temperature of a working medium outlet of the radiator (9) is smaller than the phase change temperature of the gaseous working medium;
when the temperature of the energy storage device T1 is greater than T set3 When in use, the control system controls the variable speed fan (91) in real time to reduce the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator (9) to T set2 The following is given.
8. The method for thermal management of an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the control method of the liquid level control mechanism (7) comprises the steps of:
when the liquid level in the liquid level meter tube body (73) is detected to drop from the balance position by the liquid level ball float valve (72), the liquid level ball float valve (72) drives the linkage mechanical rod (74) to gradually open the liquid level valve (71) at the bottom of the liquid tank (6), and liquid working medium is discharged to supplement the liquid working medium reduced in the liquid level meter tube body (73) and the heat pipe (32);
in the process that the liquid level meter tube body (73) and the heat pipe (32) obtain the liquid working medium supplementing liquid level to rise to the balance position, the liquid level ball float valve (72) drives the linkage mechanical rod (74) to gradually close the liquid level valve (71) at the bottom of the liquid tank (6).
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| CN110534840B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-11-30 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Battery module and battery heat exchange method |
| CN114267889B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-11-08 | 深圳库博能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage system heat management device, control method thereof and energy storage system |
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