CN108321448B - Efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system and thermal management method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于储能装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统及其热管理方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular relates to an efficient rail transit energy storage heat management system and a heat management method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，城市环境污染问题日益严重，节能减排、开发利用新能源成为当下各国关注的焦点。发展城市公共交通，尤其是城市轨道交通，推进新能源在公共交通中的应用，是解决城市空气污染问题的有效途径。城市轨道交通动力电池在充放电过程中产生热量并迅速积累，这必然会引起电池内部温度升高，尤其当电池应用于城市轨道交通大电流充放电工况下或者环境温度较高时，电池内部可能发生剧烈的化学反应，产生的大量热量如果不能及时散出就会不断积聚，可能引发电池漏液、冒烟等现象，严重时甚至发生剧烈燃烧、爆炸等安全事故。温度对电池的整体性能有显著影响，主要体现在电池的电化学系统运行、充放电效率、可充性、可靠性、安全性及循环寿命上。一般来说，温度每上升10℃，化学反应速率就会增大一倍，温度的升高会加快电池内部有害化学反应的速率，进而对电池造成破坏，尤其在高倍率充放电时，温度每上升5℃，电池的寿命就会衰减一半。相对电动汽车而言，城市轨道交通的动力系统对储能的功率要求更高，对其快速充放电能力的需求更强，这将导致储能装置在大电流充放电时产生更多热量，因此需要对其进行特殊的、更有效的热管理。In recent years, the problem of urban environmental pollution has become increasingly serious, and energy conservation and emission reduction, development and utilization of new energy have become the focus of attention of various countries. Developing urban public transportation, especially urban rail transit, and promoting the application of new energy in public transportation are effective ways to solve the problem of urban air pollution. Urban rail transit power batteries generate heat and accumulate rapidly during charging and discharging, which will inevitably cause the internal temperature of the battery to rise, especially when the battery is used in urban rail transit under high-current charging and discharging conditions or the ambient temperature is high, the internal temperature of the battery Violent chemical reactions may occur, and if the large amount of heat generated cannot be dissipated in time, it will continue to accumulate, which may cause battery leakage, smoke, etc., and even serious accidents such as violent combustion and explosion. Temperature has a significant impact on the overall performance of the battery, mainly reflected in the operation of the battery's electrochemical system, charge and discharge efficiency, rechargeability, reliability, safety and cycle life. Generally speaking, every time the temperature rises by 10°C, the chemical reaction rate will double, and the temperature rise will accelerate the rate of harmful chemical reactions inside the battery, thereby causing damage to the battery, especially during high-rate charging and discharging. When the temperature rises by 5°C, the life of the battery will be reduced by half. Compared with electric vehicles, the power system of urban rail transit has higher requirements on the power of energy storage and its fast charging and discharging capabilities, which will cause more heat generated by energy storage devices during high-current charging and discharging, so It requires special, more efficient thermal management.
近二十年来，动力电池热管理研究工作取得了长足进展，主要形成了如下几种系统技术：基于耐高温或耐低温电池材料的电池热管理技术；空气或液体为传热介质的动力电池热管理系统；基于制热制冷原理如热管、冷板等技术的动力电池热管理。其中主流的车用储能热管理方式有风冷、液冷及使用相变材料冷却。风冷热管理系统通过空气流经锂电池箱内将热量带走，造价低、易实现，但占用空间大、一致性差、散热效率低，适用于对散热要求不高的场合。液冷热管理是用液体替代空气进行散热，散热效率较空气更高，但是系统复杂、造价更高且存在安全隐患。相变材料和热管结合的热管理技术，是当下比较热门的储能装置热管理技术。已有文献研究表明，与空冷等其他热管理方式相比，采用热管冷却方式具有良好的散热效果。In the past two decades, the thermal management research of power batteries has made great progress, and the following system technologies have been formed: battery thermal management technology based on high-temperature or low-temperature-resistant battery materials; power battery thermal management technology with air or liquid as the heat transfer medium. Management system; power battery thermal management based on heating and cooling principles such as heat pipes, cold plates and other technologies. Among them, the mainstream thermal management methods for automotive energy storage include air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change material cooling. The air-cooled thermal management system takes away the heat through the air flowing through the lithium battery box. It is low in cost and easy to implement, but it takes up a lot of space, poor in consistency, and low in heat dissipation efficiency. It is suitable for occasions that do not require high heat dissipation. Liquid-cooled thermal management uses liquid instead of air for heat dissipation. The heat dissipation efficiency is higher than that of air, but the system is complicated, the cost is higher, and there are safety hazards. The thermal management technology combining phase change materials and heat pipes is currently a popular thermal management technology for energy storage devices. Existing literature studies have shown that compared with other thermal management methods such as air cooling, the heat pipe cooling method has a good heat dissipation effect.
现有的动力电池热管理系统中多采用烧结式热管，虽然热管的传热能力比较强，但是这种热管的散热能力是固定的，散热能力有限，不可以无限增大其热负荷，因此很多因素制约着热管的传热效率。当高强度、高温恶劣环境下热管达到某种极限后，热管的蒸发端干涸并出现过热，工作流体的循环会出现中断的情况。加之城市轨道交通车辆功率等级高，电池产热总量大，现有的热管理系统无法负荷。Sintered heat pipes are mostly used in the existing power battery thermal management systems. Although the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe is relatively strong, the heat dissipation capacity of this heat pipe is fixed, and the heat dissipation capacity is limited, so the heat load cannot be increased infinitely. Therefore, many Factors restrict the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe. When the heat pipe reaches a certain limit in a high-strength, high-temperature harsh environment, the evaporation end of the heat pipe will dry up and overheat, and the circulation of the working fluid will be interrupted. Coupled with the high power level of urban rail transit vehicles, the total heat generated by the battery is large, and the existing thermal management system cannot be loaded.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统及其热管理方法，是一种能够迅速、有效对储能装置进行散热的热管理系统，能够满足轨道交通车辆在不同工况尤其是极端情况下储能装置快速散热、温度适宜且一致等要求。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system and its thermal management method, which is a thermal management system that can rapidly and effectively dissipate heat from the energy storage Under different working conditions, especially in extreme cases, the energy storage device needs to dissipate heat quickly, and the temperature is suitable and consistent.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统，包括由多个储能单体构成的储能装置、箱体、热管阵列、气体管道、液体管道、液体槽、液位控制机构、加热器、散热器、相变储能器、传感器、阀门和控制单元；所述储能装置置于箱体内，所述热管阵列穿插于每个储能单体之间，所述热管阵列的顶部通过气体管道连通至液体槽，在所述气体管道上设置散热器和/或相变储能器，所述热管阵列的底部通过液体管道连通液体槽，在所述液体槽上设置有液位控制机构，所述热管阵列、液体管道和液体槽内填有液态工质；在所述箱体底部设置加热器；在所述散热器和储能单体上设置有传感器；在所述气体管道上设置有阀门；所述控制单元连接至所述加热器、散热器、传感器和阀门的控制端。所述储能装置可以是锂电池、超级电容或其它的储能方式。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system, including an energy storage device composed of a plurality of energy storage units, a box body, a heat pipe array, a gas pipeline, and a liquid pipeline , liquid tank, liquid level control mechanism, heater, radiator, phase change energy storage, sensor, valve and control unit; the energy storage device is placed in the box, and the heat pipe array is interspersed with each energy storage unit Between, the top of the heat pipe array communicates with the liquid tank through a gas pipeline, a radiator and/or a phase change accumulator are arranged on the gas pipeline, and the bottom of the heat pipe array communicates with the liquid tank through a liquid pipeline, and in the A liquid level control mechanism is arranged on the liquid tank, and liquid working medium is filled in the heat pipe array, the liquid pipeline and the liquid tank; a heater is arranged at the bottom of the box; There are sensors; valves are set on the gas pipeline; the control unit is connected to the heater, radiator, sensor and control ends of the valves. The energy storage device may be a lithium battery, a supercapacitor or other energy storage methods.
进一步的是，所述热管阵列包括多个并列设置的热管，所述热管内部填有液态工质，所述热管的上端与气体管道相连，所述热管的下端与液体管道相连；所述热管通过传热媒介与储能单体进行热交换；所述传热媒介为泡沫铝、导热硅胶、绝缘导热油或导热金属板。Further, the heat pipe array includes a plurality of heat pipes arranged side by side, the interior of the heat pipes is filled with liquid working fluid, the upper ends of the heat pipes are connected to the gas pipes, and the lower ends of the heat pipes are connected to the liquid pipes; the heat pipes pass through The heat transfer medium performs heat exchange with the energy storage unit; the heat transfer medium is aluminum foam, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil or heat-conducting metal plate.
所述热管阵列布置在储能单体之间，且热管与储能单体之间加填泡沫铝、导热硅胶、绝缘导热油或导热金属板等强化传热媒介；是实现与储能单体热交换的核心部件；热管中填充一定量的冷却工质，其液位稍高于储能单体，液位受液位控制机构控制而保持相对稳定；从而实现快速且高效的热传递。The heat pipe array is arranged between the energy storage units, and the heat pipes and the energy storage units are filled with enhanced heat transfer media such as aluminum foam, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil, or heat-conducting metal plates; The core component of heat exchange; the heat pipe is filled with a certain amount of cooling fluid, its liquid level is slightly higher than the energy storage unit, and the liquid level is controlled by the liquid level control mechanism to keep relatively stable; thus realizing fast and efficient heat transfer.
进一步的是，所述主体管路迂回设置在箱体顶部，且在箱体顶部呈辐射开环状与各热管连接；所述主体管路通过分支管路将热管中的气态工质传输至散热器或相变储能器；所述液体槽与散热器和相变储能器通过连通管道连通，所述连通管道把经散热器或相变储能器相变后的液态工质经连通管道传送回液体槽；在所述液体槽内储存液态工质，通过液体管道实时补偿热管内的液态工质。Further, the main pipeline is arranged on the top of the box in a detour, and is connected to the heat pipes in a radial open loop on the top of the box; the main pipeline transmits the gaseous working fluid in the heat pipe to the heat sink through the branch pipeline or phase-change accumulator; the liquid tank communicates with the radiator and the phase-change accumulator through a communication pipe, and the communication pipe passes through the communication pipe the liquid working medium that has been phase-changed by the radiator or the phase-change accumulator Send back to the liquid tank; store the liquid working medium in the liquid tank, and compensate the liquid working medium in the heat pipe in real time through the liquid pipeline.
进一步的是，所述分支管路包括分支管路Ⅰ、分支管路Ⅱ、分支管路Ⅲ和分支管路Ⅳ，所述分支管路Ⅰ和分支管路Ⅱ端头均连接至主体管路，所述分支管路Ⅰ和分支管路Ⅱ端尾相互连接，在所述分支管路Ⅰ上设置阀门M1，在所述分支管路Ⅱ上设置阀门M2，所述相变储能器设置在分支管路Ⅱ上；所述分支管路Ⅲ和分支管路Ⅳ的端头相互连接且连接至分支管路Ⅰ和分支管路Ⅱ的端尾，所述分支管路Ⅲ经散热器连接至连通管道，所述分支管路Ⅳ的端尾连接至连通管道，在所述分支管路Ⅲ上设置阀门M3，在所述分支管路Ⅳ上设置阀门M4；实现对气态工质的快速散热。Further, the branch pipeline includes branch pipeline I, branch pipeline II, branch pipeline III and branch pipeline IV, and the ends of the branch pipeline I and branch pipeline II are connected to the main pipeline, The ends of the branch pipeline I and the branch pipeline II are connected to each other, the valve M1 is set on the branch pipeline I, the valve M2 is set on the branch pipeline II, and the phase change accumulator is set on the branch pipeline On the pipeline II; the ends of the branch pipeline III and the branch pipeline IV are connected to each other and connected to the ends of the branch pipeline I and the branch pipeline II, and the branch pipeline III is connected to the communication pipeline through the radiator , the end of the branch pipeline IV is connected to the communication pipeline, the valve M3 is set on the branch pipeline III, and the valve M4 is set on the branch pipeline IV; to realize rapid heat dissipation of the gaseous working medium.
在储能装置所处环境温度较低时，相变储能器吸收气态工质的热量，传递给液体管道中的液态工质，进而传递给储能单体；从而使储能装置的废热得到充分利用，提高能效。When the ambient temperature of the energy storage device is low, the phase change accumulator absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium, transfers it to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline, and then transfers it to the energy storage unit; thus, the waste heat of the energy storage device is obtained Make the most of it and increase energy efficiency.
另外在冬季时，相变储能器吸收从储能装置内散发的多余热量，既可用于加热液态工质也可给车厢供暖，可降低轨道交通车辆空调系统的能耗，实现能量充分利用。In addition, in winter, the phase change accumulator absorbs the excess heat dissipated from the energy storage device, which can be used to heat the liquid working medium and to heat the compartment, which can reduce the energy consumption of the rail vehicle air conditioning system and realize the full utilization of energy.
进一步的是，所述液体管道包括田字形闭环管路和主液体管路，所述田字形闭环管路设置在储能箱底部所设置的沟槽中，所述田字形闭环管路与热管阵列中的热管底端相连接；所述主液体管路连通液体槽和热管，作为液态工质的传输通道，传输液体槽和热管中液态工质；所述相变储能器设置在主液体管路上。实现热管内冷却液态工质的快速循环补充。Further, the liquid pipeline includes a Z-shaped closed-loop pipeline and a main liquid pipeline, and the Z-shaped closed-loop pipeline is arranged in the groove provided at the bottom of the energy storage tank, and the Z-shaped closed-loop pipeline and the heat pipe array The bottom of the heat pipe in the pipe is connected; the main liquid pipeline communicates with the liquid tank and the heat pipe, as a transmission channel for the liquid working medium, and transmits the liquid working medium in the liquid tank and the heat pipe; the phase change accumulator is arranged on the main liquid pipe on the way. Realize the rapid circulation replenishment of the cooling liquid working medium in the heat pipe.
进一步的是，所述液位控制机构包括液位阀门、液位浮球阀、液位计管体和连动机械杆，所述液位阀门设置在液体槽底部主液体管路连接处，所述液位计管体设置在主液体管路上，所述液位浮球阀设置在液位计管体内，所述液位阀门和液位浮球阀通过连动机械杆相连。液位控制机构使热管阵列中所有热管的液位短时间内在平衡位置以下的小范围内来回波动，保证了热管内的工质能够得到实时快速地补充，同时不消耗电能具有节能效应。Further, the liquid level control mechanism includes a liquid level valve, a liquid level float valve, a liquid level gauge tube body and an interlocking mechanical rod, and the liquid level valve is arranged at the connection of the main liquid pipeline at the bottom of the liquid tank. The pipe body of the liquid level gauge is arranged on the main liquid pipeline, the liquid level float valve is arranged in the pipe body of the liquid level gauge, and the liquid level valve and the liquid level float valve are connected through an interlocking mechanical rod. The liquid level control mechanism makes the liquid levels of all heat pipes in the heat pipe array fluctuate back and forth within a small range below the equilibrium position in a short period of time, ensuring that the working fluid in the heat pipes can be replenished in real time and quickly, and at the same time does not consume electric energy and has an energy-saving effect.
进一步的是，所述加热器包括自下而上依次叠加的隔热垫、反射膜和发热膜，所述加热器置于箱体底部，受控制单元控制；发热器与连接热管下端的液体管道实现良好传热，通过液体管道及热管将热量传递给储能单体，实现储能装置防冻和低温起动。Further, the heater includes a thermal insulation pad, a reflective film and a heating film stacked sequentially from bottom to top, and the heater is placed at the bottom of the box and controlled by the control unit; the heater is connected to the liquid pipe connected to the lower end of the heat pipe Achieve good heat transfer, transfer heat to the energy storage unit through liquid pipes and heat pipes, and realize antifreeze and low-temperature start-up of the energy storage device.
在所述散热器处设置变速风机，所述变速风机受控制单元控制，实现散热器的宽范围功率调节，所述散热器给气体管道中的气态工质散热，散热功率由变速风机控制；对气态工质进行冷却，实现储能装置的散热。带走散热器热量的风，可以是环境空气，也可以是车厢内的废热空气。A variable-speed fan is arranged at the radiator, and the variable-speed fan is controlled by the control unit to realize wide-range power regulation of the radiator. The radiator radiates heat to the gaseous working medium in the gas pipeline, and the heat dissipation power is controlled by the variable-speed fan; The gaseous working fluid is cooled to realize the heat dissipation of the energy storage device. The wind that takes away the heat from the radiator can be the ambient air or the waste heat air in the cabin.
所述传感器包括温度传感器Ⅰ和温度传感器Ⅱ，所述温度传感器Ⅰ置于各储能单体的极耳或表面位置，所述温度传感器Ⅱ置于散热器的出口位置的气体管道上；所述传感器采集储能装置温度和散热器出口工质温度，并将采集数据传输给控制单元。可根据温度传感器采集到的温度值对加热器、散热器、变速风机和阀门实现控制。The sensors include a temperature sensor I and a temperature sensor II, the temperature sensor I is placed on the tab or the surface of each energy storage unit, and the temperature sensor II is placed on the gas pipeline at the outlet of the radiator; The sensor collects the temperature of the energy storage device and the outlet working fluid temperature of the radiator, and transmits the collected data to the control unit. The heater, radiator, variable speed fan and valve can be controlled according to the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor.
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统的热管理方法，包括步骤：On the other hand, the present invention also provides a thermal management method of an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system, comprising the steps of:
当储能单体在工作时，产生的热量经传热媒介传递给热管，热管内液态工质发生相变成气态工质，从而将热量储存在气态工质中；When the energy storage unit is working, the heat generated is transferred to the heat pipe through the heat transfer medium, and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe changes into a gaseous working medium, thereby storing heat in the gaseous working medium;
所述气态工质在气压作用下经气体管道流向散热器或相变储能器，由散热器或相变储能器将气态工质相变成液态工质，从而将热量传递出去或储存；The gaseous working medium flows through the gas pipeline to the radiator or the phase change accumulator under the action of air pressure, and the gaseous working medium is transformed into a liquid working medium by the radiator or the phase change accumulator, thereby transferring or storing heat;
再次相变后的液态工质通过连通管道回到液体槽；The liquid working medium after phase change again returns to the liquid tank through the communication pipe;
平衡热管内液体工质，热管内液态工质因相变而减少，液位将下降而低于平衡位置，液位控制机构将自动打开液体槽向热管补充液态工质，直到热管液位恢复到平衡位置；Balance the liquid working medium in the heat pipe, the liquid working medium in the heat pipe will decrease due to the phase change, the liquid level will drop below the equilibrium position, the liquid level control mechanism will automatically open the liquid tank to replenish the liquid working medium to the heat pipe until the heat pipe liquid level returns to balance position;
同时，由传感器实时检测温度状态，从而通过控制单元控制加热器、散热器和阀门的工作状态。At the same time, the sensor detects the temperature state in real time, so as to control the working state of the heater, radiator and valve through the control unit.
进一步的是，所述控制单元的控制过程包括步骤：Further, the control process of the control unit includes the steps of:
由传感器实时检测储能装置温度T1和散热器出口工质温度T2；The temperature T1 of the energy storage device and the temperature T2 of the working fluid at the outlet of the radiator are detected in real time by the sensor;
在控制单元中预设温度参考值、不同风速对应的功率Pk和变速风机初始功率值P0，所述温度参考值包括冷启动下限温度Tset0、储能装置最佳工作下限温度Tset1、储能装置最佳工作上限温度Tset3和冷却工质气液相变温度Tset2；所述不同风速对应的功率Pk为温度差值▽T1下的变速风机功率；所述变速风机初始功率值P0，由保证储能装置温度T1处于最佳工作温度范围，且散热器出口工质温度T2小于等于Tset2-▽T1所需最低变速风机功率确定；The temperature reference value, the power P k corresponding to different wind speeds, and the initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan are preset in the control unit . The temperature reference value includes the cold start lower limit temperature T set0 , the best working lower limit temperature The best working upper limit temperature T set3 of energy device and the gas-liquid phase transition temperature T set2 of the cooling working medium; the power P k corresponding to the different wind speeds is the power of the variable speed fan under the temperature difference ▽ T1; the initial power value of the variable speed fan P0 , which is determined by the minimum variable speed fan power required to ensure that the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is in the optimum operating temperature range, and that the temperature T2 of the working fluid at the outlet of the radiator is less than or equal to T set2 -▽ T1;
当储能装置温度T1小于Tset0时，控制单元发出指令关闭阀门M1、阀门M3和变速风机，并打开阀门M2和阀门M4，使相变储能器工作，同时启动加热器进行加热，加热器产生的热量传递给储能单体，使T1值增大；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is less than T set0 , the control unit sends an instruction to close the valve M1, the valve M3 and the variable speed fan, and open the valve M2 and the valve M4 to make the phase change energy storage work, and at the same time start the heater for heating. The generated heat is transferred to the energy storage unit, increasing the T1 value;
当储能装置温度T1大于Tset0且小于Tset1时，控制单元发出指令关闭加热器、阀门M1、阀门M3和变速风机，同时打开阀门M2和阀门M4，使相变储能器单独工作给液体工质加热，使T1值增大；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than Tset0 and less than Tset1 , the control unit sends an instruction to close the heater, valve M1, valve M3 and variable speed fan, and open the valve M2 and valve M4 at the same time, so that the phase change accumulator works alone to supply the liquid The working fluid is heated to increase the T1 value;
当储能装置温度T1大于Tset1且小于Tset2时，控制单元发出指令关闭加热器、变速风机、阀门M2和阀门M3，打开阀门M1和阀门M4，此时气体管道直接通往液体槽而不经过散热器和相变储能器；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than Tset1 and less than Tset2 , the control unit sends an instruction to turn off the heater, variable speed fan, valve M2 and valve M3, and open the valve M1 and valve M4. At this time, the gas pipeline directly leads to the liquid tank without through radiators and phase change accumulators;
当储能装置温度T1大于Tset2时，打开阀门M1和阀门M3，关闭阀门M2和阀门M4，此时气体管道只经过散热器；若此时T1小于Tset3，温度传感器Ⅱ检测散热器出口工质温度T2，当T2大于Tset2-▽T2时，打开变速风机并将变速风机功率调为初始功率P0，使得散热器工质出口温度小于气态工质相变温度；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than T set2 , open the valve M1 and valve M3, close the valve M2 and valve M4, at this time the gas pipeline only passes through the radiator; if T1 is less than T set3 at this time, the temperature sensor II detects the outlet work of the radiator Substance temperature T2, when T2 is greater than T set2 -▽T2, turn on the variable speed fan and adjust the power of the variable speed fan to the initial power P0, so that the outlet temperature of the radiator working fluid is lower than the phase transition temperature of the gaseous working fluid;
当储能装置T1温度大于Tset3时，控制系统实时控制变速风机，使散热器出口工质温度降到Tset2以下；When the temperature of the energy storage device T1 is greater than T set3 , the control system controls the variable speed fan in real time to reduce the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the radiator to below T set2 ;
当接收到结束信号时，控制单元恢复初始设置并结束工作，否则将循环控制流程。When the end signal is received, the control unit restores the initial settings and ends the work, otherwise the control flow will be looped.
整个控制过程目的在于使得储能装置始终工作在最佳温度Tset1～Tset3，且保证从散热器出来然后流入液体槽的工质为液态。The purpose of the entire control process is to make the energy storage device always work at the optimum temperature T set1 -T set3 , and to ensure that the working fluid coming out of the radiator and flowing into the liquid tank is in a liquid state.
所述的相变储能器中装有相变材料，该相变材料在低温时为固态、高温时为液态，固液相变温度在Tset0与Tset1之间。在储能装置所处环境温度较低时，相变材料吸收气态工质的热量，传递给液体管道中的液态工质，进而传递给储能单体；从而使储能装置的废热得到充分利用，提高能效相变储能器在环境温度较低时，吸收气态工质的热量，传递给液态工质，进而传递给储能单体。The phase change accumulator is equipped with a phase change material, which is solid at low temperature and liquid at high temperature, and the solid-liquid phase change temperature is between T set0 and T set1 . When the ambient temperature of the energy storage device is low, the phase change material absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium, transfers it to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline, and then transfers it to the energy storage unit; thus making full use of the waste heat of the energy storage device , Improve energy efficiency When the ambient temperature is low, the phase change accumulator absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium, transfers it to the liquid working medium, and then transfers it to the energy storage monomer.
进一步的是，所述液位控制机构的控制方法包括步骤：Further, the control method of the liquid level control mechanism includes the steps of:
当液位计管体内的液位浮球阀检测到液位从平衡位置下降时，液位浮球阀带动连动机械杆逐渐打开液体槽底部液位阀门，放出液态工质补充液位计管体和热管内减少的液态工质；When the liquid level float valve in the tube body of the liquid level gauge detects that the liquid level drops from the equilibrium position, the liquid level float valve drives the interlocking mechanical rod to gradually open the liquid level valve at the bottom of the liquid tank, releasing the liquid working medium to replenish the tube body of the liquid level gauge and Reduced liquid working fluid in the heat pipe;
在液位计管体和热管得到液态工质补充液位上升到平衡位置过程中，液位浮球阀带动连动机械杆逐渐关闭液体槽底部液位阀门。When the liquid level gauge tube body and heat pipe get the liquid working medium supplemented liquid level and rise to the equilibrium position, the liquid level float valve drives the interlocking mechanical rod to gradually close the liquid level valve at the bottom of the liquid tank.
液位控制机构使热管阵列中所有热管的液位短时间内在平衡位置以下的小范围内来回波动，保证了热管内的工质能够得到实时快速地补充，同时不消耗电能具有节能效应。The liquid level control mechanism makes the liquid levels of all heat pipes in the heat pipe array fluctuate back and forth within a small range below the equilibrium position in a short period of time, ensuring that the working fluid in the heat pipes can be replenished in real time and quickly, and at the same time does not consume electric energy and has an energy-saving effect.
本发明通过热管内液态工质吸收储能单体的热量时发生相变，气态的工质经气体管道传输至散热器或相变储能器从而实现热量的交换；当热管中工质气化导致液位降低时，通过液位控制机构及时补充工质。In the present invention, a phase change occurs when the liquid working medium in the heat pipe absorbs the heat of the energy storage monomer, and the gaseous working medium is transmitted to the radiator or the phase change accumulator through the gas pipeline to realize heat exchange; when the working medium in the heat pipe is gasified When the liquid level drops, the working medium is replenished in time through the liquid level control mechanism.
采用本技术方案的有益效果：The beneficial effect of adopting this technical solution:
①本发明基于新能源轨道交通车辆功率等级高、电池放电倍率大等自身特点，利用本发明提出的连通式可调工质的热管散热方式，能够有效避免了传统热管局部因工质量少而烧干的现象，能保证热管对储能装置的高效散热，使储能装置工作中最佳温度范围内；能够满足轨道交通车辆在不同工况尤其是极端情况下储能装置快速散热、温度适宜且一致等要求；①Based on the characteristics of new energy rail transit vehicles such as high power level and large battery discharge rate, the present invention uses the connected heat pipe heat dissipation method with adjustable working medium proposed by the present invention, which can effectively avoid local burnout of traditional heat pipes due to low working quality. The phenomenon of dryness can ensure the efficient heat dissipation of the heat pipe to the energy storage device, so that the energy storage device can work within the optimum temperature range; it can meet the rapid heat dissipation, suitable temperature and consistent requirements;
②本发明利用相变储能器将电池废热用于给液体工质加热或车厢内供暖，提高了能源的利用率，减少了能源浪费；②The present invention utilizes the phase change energy storage device to use the waste heat of the battery to heat the liquid working medium or to heat the compartment, which improves the utilization rate of energy and reduces energy waste;
③本发明中热管阵列与每个储能单体都有热交换，等效于每个储能单体浸渍于热管冷凝环境中，保证了储能装置的高效散热和温度一致性；尤其是冬天极冷天气下能够对储能装置工作温度进行高效调节；③In the present invention, the heat pipe array and each energy storage unit have heat exchange, which is equivalent to each energy storage unit being immersed in the heat pipe condensation environment, which ensures the efficient heat dissipation and temperature consistency of the energy storage device; especially in winter In extremely cold weather, the working temperature of the energy storage device can be efficiently adjusted;
④本发明通过变速风机引入新能源有轨电车空调冷风作为散热器的冷源，能有效降低储能装置的温度，可有效提高能量的利用率和环保性，尤其在夏季处于高温工况时对储能装置的高效散热。④The present invention introduces new energy tram air-conditioning cold air as the cooling source of the radiator through the variable-speed fan, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the energy storage device, and can effectively improve energy utilization and environmental protection, especially in high temperature conditions in summer. Efficient heat dissipation of energy storage devices.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中热管阵列的局部结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a local structure of a heat pipe array in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中气体管道的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of gas pipeline in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中箱体内部组件的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the internal components of the box in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中气体管道和液体管道的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of gas pipeline and liquid pipeline in the embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中液位控制机构的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid level control mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例中控制单元的连接示意图；7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the control unit in the embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例中一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统的热管理方法的流程示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a thermal management method of an efficient rail transit energy storage thermal management system in an embodiment of the present invention;
其中，1是储能单体，2是箱体，3是热管阵列，4是气体管道，5是液体管道，6是液体槽，7是液位控制机构，8是加热器，9是散热器，10是相变储能器；31是传热媒介，32是热管；41是主体管路，42是分支管路，43是连通管道；421是分支管路Ⅰ，422是分支管路Ⅱ，423是分支管路Ⅲ，424是分支管路Ⅳ，425是阀门M1，426是阀门M2，427是阀门M3，428是阀门M4；51是田字形闭环管路，52是主液体管路；71是液位阀门，72是液位浮球阀，73是液位计管体，74是连动机械杆；81是隔热垫，82是反射膜，83是发热膜；91是变速风机，11是温度传感器Ⅰ，12是温度传感器Ⅱ。Among them, 1 is the energy storage unit, 2 is the box, 3 is the heat pipe array, 4 is the gas pipeline, 5 is the liquid pipeline, 6 is the liquid tank, 7 is the liquid level control mechanism, 8 is the heater, and 9 is the radiator , 10 is a phase change accumulator; 31 is a heat transfer medium, 32 is a heat pipe; 41 is a main pipeline, 42 is a branch pipeline, 43 is a connecting pipeline; 421 is a branch pipeline I, 422 is a branch pipeline II, 423 is a branch pipeline III, 424 is a branch pipeline IV, 425 is a valve M1, 426 is a valve M2, 427 is a valve M3, 428 is a valve M4; 51 is a square-shaped closed-loop pipeline, 52 is a main liquid pipeline; 71 It is a liquid level valve, 72 is a liquid level float valve, 73 is a liquid level gauge tube body, 74 is a linkage mechanical rod; 81 is a heat insulation pad, 82 is a reflective film, 83 is a heating film; 91 is a variable speed fan, 11 is Temperature sensor I, 12 is temperature sensor II.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步阐述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
在本实施例中，参见图1和图7所示，本发明提出了一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统，包括由多个储能单体1构成的储能装置、箱体2、热管阵列3、气体管道4、液体管道5、液体槽6、液位控制机构7、加热器8、散热器9、相变储能器10、传感器、阀门和控制单元；所述储能装置置于箱体2内，所述热管阵列3穿插于每个储能单体1之间，所述热管阵列3的顶部通过气体管道4连通至液体槽6，在所述气体管道4上设置散热器9和/或相变储能器10，所述热管阵列3的底部通过液体管道5连通液体槽6，在所述液体槽6上设置有液位控制机构7，所述热管阵列3、液体管道5和液体槽6内填有液态工质；在所述箱体2底部设置加热器8；在所述散热器9和储能单体1上设置有传感器；在所述气体管道4上设置有阀门；所述控制单元连接至所述加热器8、散热器9、传感器和阀门的控制端。In this embodiment, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency rail transit energy storage thermal management system, which includes an energy storage device composed of a plurality of energy storage cells 1, a box body 2, Heat pipe array 3, gas pipeline 4, liquid pipeline 5, liquid tank 6, liquid level control mechanism 7, heater 8, radiator 9, phase change energy storage device 10, sensor, valve and control unit; In the box body 2, the heat pipe array 3 is interspersed between each energy storage unit 1, the top of the heat pipe array 3 is connected to the liquid tank 6 through the gas pipe 4, and a radiator is arranged on the gas pipe 4 9 and/or phase change accumulator 10, the bottom of the heat pipe array 3 communicates with the liquid tank 6 through the liquid pipeline 5, and a liquid level control mechanism 7 is arranged on the liquid tank 6, the heat pipe array 3, the liquid pipeline 5 and the liquid tank 6 are filled with liquid working fluid; a heater 8 is provided at the bottom of the box 2; a sensor is provided on the radiator 9 and the energy storage unit 1; a sensor is provided on the gas pipeline 4 Valves; the control unit is connected to the heater 8, radiator 9, sensors and control ends of the valves.
所述液态工质，选用经济性、综合热物理性质良好、热稳定性良好、常温下为液态的冷却液，且标准大气压下气液相变温度分别为Tset2，-50℃～Tset2为液态，其中液体工质量需要根据后续大量的仿真及实验结果来确定。The liquid working medium is economical, has good comprehensive thermophysical properties, good thermal stability, and is a liquid coolant at room temperature, and the gas-liquid phase transition temperature under standard atmospheric pressure is T set2 , and -50°C ~ T set2 is Liquid state, where the quality of the liquid needs to be determined based on a large number of subsequent simulation and experimental results.
其中，如图2所示，所述热管阵列3包括多个并列设置的热管32，所述热管32内部填有液态工质，所述热管32的上端与气体管道4相连，所述热管32的下端与液体管道5相连；所述热管32通过传热媒介31与储能单体1进行热交换；所述传热媒介31为泡沫铝、导热硅胶、绝缘导热油或导热金属板。Wherein, as shown in Figure 2, the heat pipe array 3 includes a plurality of heat pipes 32 arranged side by side, the inside of the heat pipes 32 is filled with liquid working fluid, the upper ends of the heat pipes 32 are connected to the gas pipeline 4, and the heat pipes 32 The lower end is connected with the liquid pipeline 5; the heat pipe 32 exchanges heat with the energy storage unit 1 through the heat transfer medium 31; the heat transfer medium 31 is aluminum foam, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil or heat-conducting metal plate.
所述的热管阵列3布置在储能单体1之间，且热管32与储能单体1之间加填泡沫铝、导热硅胶、绝缘导热油或导热金属板等强化传热媒介31；是实现与储能单体1热交换的核心部件；热管32中填充一定量的冷却工质，其液位稍高于储能单体1，液位受液位控制机构7控制而保持相对稳定；实现快速且高效的热传递。The heat pipe array 3 is arranged between the energy storage cells 1, and the heat pipe 32 and the energy storage cells 1 are filled with a reinforced heat transfer medium 31 such as aluminum foam, heat-conducting silica gel, insulating heat-conducting oil or heat-conducting metal plate; A core component that realizes heat exchange with the energy storage unit 1; the heat pipe 32 is filled with a certain amount of cooling fluid, the liquid level of which is slightly higher than the energy storage unit 1, and the liquid level is controlled by the liquid level control mechanism 7 to keep relatively stable; For fast and efficient heat transfer.
其中，如图3和图4所示，所述主体管路41迂回设置在箱体2顶部，且在箱体2顶部呈辐射开环状与各热管32连接；所述主体管路41通过分支管路42将热管32中的气态工质传输至散热器9或相变储能器10；所述液体槽6与散热器9和相变储能器10通过连通管道43连通，所述连通管道43把经散热器9或相变储能器10相变后的液态工质经连通管道43传送回液体槽6；在所述液体槽6内储存液态工质，通过液体管道5实时补偿热管32内的液态工质。Wherein, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the main pipeline 41 is arranged on the top of the box body 2 in a detour, and is connected to the heat pipes 32 in a radially open ring on the top of the box body 2; the main pipeline 41 passes through the branch The pipeline 42 transmits the gaseous working medium in the heat pipe 32 to the radiator 9 or the phase change accumulator 10; the liquid tank 6 communicates with the radiator 9 and the phase change accumulator 10 through a communication pipe 43, and the communication pipe 43. The liquid working medium after the phase change of the radiator 9 or the phase change accumulator 10 is sent back to the liquid tank 6 through the communication pipe 43; the liquid working medium is stored in the liquid tank 6, and the heat pipe 32 is compensated in real time through the liquid pipeline 5 The liquid working fluid inside.
其中，如图3和图7所示，所述分支管路42包括分支管路Ⅰ421、分支管路Ⅱ422、分支管路Ⅲ423和分支管路Ⅳ424，所述分支管路Ⅰ421和分支管路Ⅱ422端头均连接至主体管路41，所述分支管路Ⅰ421和分支管路Ⅱ422端尾相互连接，在所述分支管路Ⅰ421上设置阀门M1425，在所述分支管路Ⅱ422上设置阀门M2426，所述相变储能器10设置在分支管路Ⅱ422上；所述分支管路Ⅲ423和分支管路Ⅳ424的端头相互连接且连接至分支管路Ⅰ421和分支管路Ⅱ422的端尾，所述分支管路Ⅲ423经散热器9连接至连通管道43，所述分支管路Ⅳ424的端尾连接至连通管道43，在所述分支管路Ⅲ423上设置阀门M3427，在所述分支管路Ⅳ424上设置阀门M4428；实现对气态工质的快速散热。在储能装置所处环境温度较低时，相变储能器10吸收气态工质的热量，传递给液体管道5中的液态工质，进而传递给储能单体1；从而使储能装置的废热得到充分利用，提高能效。Wherein, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 7, the branch pipeline 42 includes a branch pipeline I 421, a branch pipeline II 422, a branch pipeline III 423 and a branch pipeline IV 424, and the branch pipeline I 421 and the branch pipeline II 422 end Both heads are connected to the main pipeline 41, and the ends of the branch pipeline I421 and the branch pipeline II422 are connected to each other. A valve M1425 is set on the branch pipeline I421, and a valve M2426 is set on the branch pipeline II422. The phase change accumulator 10 is set on the branch pipeline II 422; the ends of the branch pipeline III 423 and the branch pipeline IV 424 are connected to each other and connected to the ends of the branch pipeline I 421 and the branch pipeline II 422. The pipeline III423 is connected to the communication pipeline 43 through the radiator 9, the end of the branch pipeline IV424 is connected to the communication pipeline 43, the valve M3427 is set on the branch pipeline III423, and the valve is set on the branch pipeline IV424 M4428; Realize rapid heat dissipation of gaseous working fluid. When the ambient temperature of the energy storage device is low, the phase change accumulator 10 absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium, transfers it to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline 5, and then transfers it to the energy storage unit 1; thus the energy storage device The waste heat is fully utilized, improving energy efficiency.
另外在冬季时，相变储能器10吸收从储能装置内散发的多余热量，既可用于加热液态工质也可给车厢供暖，可降低轨道交通车辆空调系统的能耗，实现能量充分利用。In addition, in winter, the phase change accumulator 10 absorbs the excess heat emitted from the energy storage device, which can be used not only for heating the liquid working medium but also for heating the compartment, which can reduce the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system of the rail vehicle and realize the full utilization of energy. .
其中，如图5所示，所述液体管道5包括田字形闭环管路51和主液体管路52，所述田字形闭环管路51设置在储能箱底部所设置的沟槽中，所述田字形闭环管路51与热管阵列3中的热管32底端相连接；所述主液体管路52连通液体槽6和热管32，作为液态工质的传输通道，传输液体槽6和热管32中液态工质；所述相变储能器10设置在主液体管路52上。实现热管32内冷却液态工质的快速循环补充。Wherein, as shown in FIG. 5 , the liquid pipeline 5 includes a square-shaped closed-loop pipeline 51 and a main liquid pipeline 52, and the square-shaped closed-loop pipeline 51 is arranged in a groove provided at the bottom of the energy storage tank. The square-shaped closed-loop pipeline 51 is connected to the bottom end of the heat pipe 32 in the heat pipe array 3; the main liquid pipeline 52 communicates with the liquid tank 6 and the heat pipe 32, and serves as a transmission channel for the liquid working medium to transfer the fluid between the liquid tank 6 and the heat pipe 32. Liquid working medium; the phase change accumulator 10 is arranged on the main liquid pipeline 52 . Realize the rapid circulation replenishment of the cooling liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 .
其中，如图6所示，所述液位控制机构7包括液位阀门71、液位浮球阀72、液位计管体73和连动机械杆74，所述液位阀门71设置在液体槽6底部主液体管路52连接处，所述液位计管体73设置在主液体管路52上，所述液位浮球阀72设置在液位计管体73内，所述液位阀门71和液位浮球阀72通过连动机械杆74相连。液位控制机构7使热管阵列3中所有热管32的液位短时间内在平衡位置以下的小范围内来回波动，保证了热管32内的工质能够得到实时快速地补充，同时不消耗电能具有节能效应。Wherein, as shown in Figure 6, the liquid level control mechanism 7 includes a liquid level valve 71, a liquid level float valve 72, a liquid level gauge tube body 73 and an interlocking mechanical rod 74, and the liquid level valve 71 is arranged in the liquid tank 6 At the connection point of the main liquid pipeline 52 at the bottom, the liquid level gauge tube body 73 is set on the main liquid pipeline 52, the liquid level float valve 72 is set in the liquid level gauge tube body 73, and the liquid level valve 71 It is connected with the liquid level float valve 72 through an interlocking mechanical rod 74 . The liquid level control mechanism 7 makes the liquid levels of all heat pipes 32 in the heat pipe array 3 fluctuate back and forth in a small range below the equilibrium position in a short period of time, ensuring that the working fluid in the heat pipes 32 can be replenished in real time and quickly, and at the same time does not consume electric energy and saves energy. effect.
作为上述实施例的优化方案，所述加热器8包括自下而上依次叠加的隔热垫81、反射膜82和发热膜83，所述加热器8置于箱体2底部，受控制单元控制；发热器应与连接热管32下端的液体管道5实现良好传热，通过液体管道5及热管32将热量传递给储能单体1，实现储能装置防冻和低温起动。As an optimized solution of the above-mentioned embodiment, the heater 8 includes a thermal insulation pad 81, a reflective film 82 and a heating film 83 stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The heater 8 is placed at the bottom of the box body 2 and is controlled by the control unit. The heater should realize good heat transfer with the liquid pipe 5 connected to the lower end of the heat pipe 32, and transfer heat to the energy storage unit 1 through the liquid pipe 5 and the heat pipe 32, so as to realize antifreezing and low-temperature starting of the energy storage device.
在所述散热器9处设置变速风机91，所述变速风机91受控制单元控制，实现散热器9的宽范围功率调节，所述散热器9给气体管道4中的气态工质散热，散热功率由变速风机91控制；对气态工质进行冷却，实现储能装置的散热。A variable-speed fan 91 is set at the radiator 9, and the variable-speed fan 91 is controlled by the control unit to realize wide-range power adjustment of the radiator 9. The radiator 9 radiates heat to the gaseous working medium in the gas pipeline 4, and the heat dissipation power It is controlled by the variable speed fan 91; it cools the gaseous working medium and realizes the heat dissipation of the energy storage device.
所述传感器包括温度传感器Ⅰ11和温度传感器Ⅱ12，所述温度传感器Ⅰ11置于各储能单体1的极耳或表面位置，所述温度传感器Ⅱ12置于散热器9的出口位置的气体管道4上；所述传感器采集储能装置温度和散热器9出口工质温度，并将采集数据传输给控制单元。可根据温度传感器采集到的温度值对加热器8、散热器9、变速风机91和阀门实现控制。The sensors include a temperature sensor I11 and a temperature sensor II12, the temperature sensor I11 is placed on the tab or surface of each energy storage unit 1, and the temperature sensor II12 is placed on the gas pipeline 4 at the outlet of the radiator 9 ; The sensor collects the temperature of the energy storage device and the outlet working fluid temperature of the radiator 9, and transmits the collected data to the control unit. The heater 8, radiator 9, variable speed fan 91 and valves can be controlled according to the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor.
为配合本发明方法的实现，基于相同的发明构思，本发明还提供了一种高效的轨道交通储能热管理系统的热管理方法，包括步骤：In order to cooperate with the realization of the method of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides an efficient thermal management method for a rail transit energy storage thermal management system, including steps:
当储能单体1在工作时，产生的热量经传热媒介31传递给热管32，热管32内液态工质发生相变成气态工质，从而将热量储存在气态工质中；When the energy storage unit 1 is working, the heat generated is transferred to the heat pipe 32 through the heat transfer medium 31, and the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 undergoes a phase change into a gaseous working medium, thereby storing heat in the gaseous working medium;
所述气态工质在气压作用下经气体管道4流向散热器9或相变储能器10，由散热器9或相变储能器10将气态工质相变成液态工质，从而将热量传递出去或储存；The gaseous working medium flows through the gas pipeline 4 to the radiator 9 or the phase change accumulator 10 under the action of air pressure, and the gaseous working medium is changed into a liquid working medium by the radiator 9 or the phase change accumulator 10, thereby dissipating heat pass on or store;
再次相变后的液态工质通过连通管道43回到液体槽6；The liquid working medium after the phase change again returns to the liquid tank 6 through the communication pipe 43;
平衡热管32内液体工质，热管32内液态工质因相变而减少，液位将下降而低于平衡位置，液位控制机构7将自动打开液体槽6向热管32补充液态工质，直到热管32液位恢复到平衡位置；Balance the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32, the liquid working medium in the heat pipe 32 will decrease due to the phase change, the liquid level will drop below the equilibrium position, the liquid level control mechanism 7 will automatically open the liquid tank 6 to replenish the liquid working medium to the heat pipe 32 until The liquid level of the heat pipe 32 returns to the equilibrium position;
同时，由传感器实时检测温度状态，从而通过控制单元控制加热器8、散热器9和阀门的工作状态。At the same time, the sensor detects the temperature state in real time, so that the working state of the heater 8, the radiator 9 and the valve is controlled by the control unit.
作为上述实施例的优化方案，如图8所示，所述控制单元的控制过程包括步骤：As an optimization scheme of the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the control process of the control unit includes steps:
由传感器实时检测储能装置温度T1和散热器9出口工质温度T2；The temperature T1 of the energy storage device and the temperature T2 of the working fluid at the outlet of the radiator 9 are detected in real time by the sensor;
在控制单元中预设温度参考值、不同风速对应的功率Pk和变速风机初始功率值P0，所述温度参考值包括冷启动下限温度Tset0、储能装置最佳工作下限温度Tset1、储能装置最佳工作上限温度Tset3和冷却工质气液相变温度Tset2；所述不同风速对应的功率Pk为温度差值▽T1下的变速风机功率；所述变速风机初始功率值P0，由保证储能装置温度T1处于最佳工作温度范围，且散热器9出口工质温度T2小于等于Tset2-▽T1所需最低变速风机功率确定；The temperature reference value, the power P k corresponding to different wind speeds and the initial power value P0 of the variable speed fan are preset in the control unit . The temperature reference value includes the cold start lower limit temperature T set0 , the best working lower limit temperature The best working upper limit temperature T set3 of energy device and the gas-liquid phase transition temperature T set2 of the cooling working medium; the power P k corresponding to the different wind speeds is the power of the variable speed fan under the temperature difference ▽ T1; the initial power value of the variable speed fan P0 , is determined by ensuring that the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is in the optimum operating temperature range, and that the working fluid temperature T2 at the outlet of the radiator 9 is less than or equal to T set2 -▽ T1, and is determined by the minimum variable speed fan power;
当储能装置温度T1小于Tset0时，控制单元发出指令关闭阀门M1425、阀门M3427和变速风机91，并打开阀门M2426和阀门M4428，使相变储能器10工作，同时启动加热器8进行加热，加热器8产生的热量传递给储能单体1，使T1值增大；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is less than Tset0 , the control unit sends an instruction to close the valve M1425, the valve M3427 and the variable speed fan 91, and open the valve M2426 and the valve M4428 to make the phase change energy storage 10 work, and at the same time start the heater 8 for heating , the heat generated by the heater 8 is transferred to the energy storage unit 1, increasing the value of T1;
当储能装置温度T1大于Tset0且小于Tset1时，控制单元发出指令关闭加热器8、阀门M1425、阀门M3427和变速风机91，同时打开阀门M2426和阀门M4428，使相变储能器10单独工作给液体工质加热，使T1值增大；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than Tset0 and less than Tset1 , the control unit sends an instruction to close the heater 8, the valve M1425, the valve M3427 and the variable speed fan 91, and at the same time open the valve M2426 and the valve M4428, so that the phase change accumulator 10 is independent Work to heat the liquid working medium, so that the T1 value increases;
当储能装置温度T1大于Tset1且小于Tset2时，控制单元发出指令关闭加热器8、变速风机91、阀门M2426和阀门M3427，打开阀门M1425和阀门M4428，此时气体管道4直接通往液体槽6而不经过散热器9和相变储能器10；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than Tset1 and less than Tset2 , the control unit sends an instruction to turn off the heater 8, the variable speed fan 91, the valve M2426 and the valve M3427, and open the valve M1425 and the valve M4428. At this time, the gas pipeline 4 directly leads to the liquid The groove 6 does not pass through the radiator 9 and the phase change energy storage device 10;
当储能装置温度T1大于Tset2时，打开阀门M1425和阀门M3427，关闭阀门M2426和阀门M4428，此时气体管道4只经过散热器9；若此时T1小于Tset3，温度传感器Ⅱ12检测散热器9出口工质温度T2，当T2大于Tset2-▽T2时，打开变速风机91并将变速风机功率调为初始功率P0，使得散热器9工质出口温度小于气态工质相变温度；When the temperature T1 of the energy storage device is greater than Tset2 , open the valve M1425 and valve M3427, close the valve M2426 and valve M4428, at this time the gas pipeline 4 only passes through the radiator 9; if T1 is less than Tset3 at this time, the temperature sensor Ⅱ12 detects the radiator 9 outlet working fluid temperature T2, when T2 is greater than T set2 −▽ T2, turn on the variable speed fan 91 and adjust the power of the variable speed fan to the initial power P0, so that the outlet temperature of the radiator 9 working fluid is lower than the phase transition temperature of the gaseous working fluid;
当储能装置T1温度大于Tset3时，控制系统实时控制变速风机91，使散热器9出口工质温度降到Tset2以下；When the temperature of the energy storage device T1 is greater than T set3 , the control system controls the variable speed fan 91 in real time, so that the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the radiator 9 drops below T set2 ;
当接收到结束信号时，控制单元恢复初始设置并结束工作，否则将循环控制流程。When the end signal is received, the control unit restores the initial settings and ends the work, otherwise the control flow will be looped.
整个控制过程目的在于使得储能装置始终工作在最佳温度Tset1～Tset3，且保证从散热器9出来然后流入液体槽6的工质为液态。The purpose of the entire control process is to make the energy storage device always work at the optimal temperature T set1 -T set3 , and to ensure that the working fluid coming out of the radiator 9 and flowing into the liquid tank 6 is in a liquid state.
所述的相变储能器10中装有相变材料，该相变材料在低温时为固态、高温时为液态，固液相变温度在Tset0与Tset1之间。在储能装置所处环境温度较低时，相变材料吸收气态工质的热量，传递给液体管道5中的液态工质，进而传递给储能单体1；从而使储能装置的废热得到充分利用，提高能效相变储能器10在环境温度较低时，吸收气态工质的热量，传递给液态工质，进而传递给储能单体1。The phase change accumulator 10 is equipped with a phase change material, which is solid at low temperature and liquid at high temperature, and the solid-liquid phase change temperature is between T set0 and T set1 . When the ambient temperature of the energy storage device is low, the phase change material absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium, and transfers it to the liquid working medium in the liquid pipeline 5, and then to the energy storage unit 1; thus, the waste heat of the energy storage device is obtained Fully Utilize and Improve Energy Efficiency When the ambient temperature is low, the phase change accumulator 10 absorbs the heat of the gaseous working medium, transfers it to the liquid working medium, and then transfers it to the energy storage unit 1 .
作为上述实施例的优化方案，所述液位控制机构7的控制方法包括步骤：As an optimized solution of the above embodiment, the control method of the liquid level control mechanism 7 includes steps:
当液位计管体73内的液位浮球阀72检测到液位从平衡位置下降时，液位浮球阀72带动连动机械杆74逐渐打开液体槽6底部液位阀门71，放出液态工质补充液位计管体73和热管32内减少的液态工质；When the liquid level float valve 72 in the liquid level gauge tube 73 detects that the liquid level drops from the equilibrium position, the liquid level float valve 72 drives the interlocking mechanical rod 74 to gradually open the liquid level valve 71 at the bottom of the liquid tank 6 to release the liquid working fluid. Supplement the liquid working medium reduced in the liquid level gauge tube body 73 and the heat pipe 32;
在液位计管体73和热管32得到液态工质补充液位上升到平衡位置过程中，液位浮球阀72带动连动机械杆74逐渐关闭液体槽6底部液位阀门71。When the liquid level gauge tube body 73 and the heat pipe 32 get the supplementary liquid level of the liquid working medium and rise to the equilibrium position, the liquid level float valve 72 drives the interlocking mechanical rod 74 to gradually close the liquid level valve 71 at the bottom of the liquid tank 6 .
液位控制机构7使热管阵列3中所有热管32的液位短时间内在平衡位置以下的小范围内来回波动，保证了热管32内的工质能够得到实时快速地补充，同时不消耗电能具有节能效应。The liquid level control mechanism 7 makes the liquid levels of all heat pipes 32 in the heat pipe array 3 fluctuate back and forth in a small range below the equilibrium position in a short period of time, ensuring that the working fluid in the heat pipes 32 can be replenished in real time and quickly, and at the same time does not consume electric energy and saves energy. effect.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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