CN114353161B - Stepped storage and supply regulation and control method for solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system - Google Patents
Stepped storage and supply regulation and control method for solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system Download PDFInfo
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stepped storage and supply regulation and control method of a solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system, wherein the solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system comprises a heat storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator, a solar heat collector, a water pump, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and an auxiliary electric heater, the heat storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator comprises a pulsating heat pipe and a box body, the pulsating heat pipe is divided into an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section, a phase-change material filling area is arranged around the heat insulation section, a heat insulation layer is arranged on the periphery of the box body, the box body is divided into a heating area, a heat storage area and a heat dissipation area from bottom to top, the phase-change material filling area is positioned in the heat storage area, the auxiliary electric heater is positioned in the heating area, the heat dissipation area is provided with an adjustable air port, and the heat dissipation capacity is controlled by adjusting the angle of the air port; the heat accumulation area and the heating area of the box body are both provided with water inlets and water outlets, and blood heat can flow back to the heating area after being removed. The heat stored in the heat storage device is directly dissipated indoors, so that the link of extracting heat from the heat storage device and transferring the heat to the heat dissipation device is avoided, and the heat loss is reduced.
Description
(I) the technical field
The invention relates to the field of indoor thermal environment regulation, in particular to a step storage and supply regulation and control method of a solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system.
(II) background of the invention
Present solar heating system has more not enough, and the leading cause is that solar energy resource does not match in time, space and intensity with the energy demand, for maintaining relatively stable indoor temperature, often needs a large amount of auxiliary energy or the heat accumulation device of large capacity. The common heat storage water tank is limited by heat storage density and capacity, so that the load of building components is increased due to overlarge volume, the heat dissipation loss is high, and the solar heat utilization efficiency is reduced. Moreover, the heat storage device and the heat dissipation tail end are generally used independently, and the increase of the heat storage and exchange link causes the defects of large system energy consumption, slow heat transfer, low heat efficiency, large water consumption and the like.
The invention takes renewable solar energy as a heat source, takes the pulsating heat pipe with strong heat conductivity as a heat dissipation main body, and takes the phase-change material with high latent heat as a heat storage main body, thereby realizing the integration of the high-efficiency heat storage and supply functions of the fluctuating renewable energy.
Disclosure of the invention
The heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator is used as a heat accumulating and radiating device component of the solar heating system, and the accumulated heat is directly radiated indoors, so that the link of extracting heat from the heat accumulating device and transmitting the heat to the radiating device is avoided, and the heat loss is reduced; secondly, the heat storage mode of the phase-change material around the pulsating heat pipe is optimized, the pulsating heat pipe and high-temperature hot water can be used for carrying out step heat storage, and the heat storage efficiency of the phase-change material is improved; finally, a system regulation and control mode combining a heat preservation type adjustable air port and heat gradient storage and supply is designed, so that heat is reasonably distributed and utilized, and the indoor temperature is maintained in a reasonable range.
The invention provides a stepped storage and supply regulation and control method of a solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system, which is characterized in that the solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system comprises a heat storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator (1), a solar heat collector (2), a water pump (3), a PLC (programmable logic controller) and an auxiliary electric heater (5), wherein the heat storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator comprises a pulsating heat pipe (6) and a box body (7), the pulsating heat pipe is divided into an evaporation section (8), a heat insulation section (9) and a condensation section (10), a phase-change material filling area (13) is arranged around the heat insulation section, a heat insulation layer (14) is arranged on the periphery of the box body and is divided into a heating area (15), a heat storage area (16) and a heat dissipation area (17) from bottom to top, the phase-change material filling area (13) is positioned in the heat storage area, the auxiliary electric heater is positioned in the heating area, the heat dissipation area is provided with an adjustable air port (19), and the heat dissipation amount is controlled by adjusting the angle of the air port; a first water inlet (22) is formed in one side of the box heat storage area, a first water outlet (23) is formed in the other side of the box heat storage area, a first backflow port (24) is formed below a box heating area close to the first water outlet, a second water inlet (25) is formed below the first backflow port, a second water outlet (26) is formed in the heating area at the same time, and the first water outlet (23) is connected with the first backflow port (24);
setting a minimum temperature threshold T1 'of the opening of a circulating water pump, a phase change temperature T2', an indoor design temperature minimum threshold T3', an indoor design temperature maximum threshold T3', arranging a temperature sensing probe T3 indoors, installing the temperature sensing probe T1 in a solar heat collector, arranging the temperature sensing probe T2 in a heat storage area, and respectively representing the temperatures of the three by T3, T1 and T2,
the specific operation modes are as follows:
the first mode is as follows: when T1 'is less than T1 and less than T2', hot water flows into the heating area of the box body from the second water inlet and flows out from the second water outlet, and the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe absorbs heat. When T3 is less than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat dissipation of the condensation section; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the highest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to store heat, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat storage of the heat insulation section.
And a second mode: when T1 is larger than T2', hot water flows into the heat storage area of the box body from the first water inlet, high-temperature hot water is used for heat storage of the phase-change material, the temperature of the hot water after heat absorption can still be kept about T2', the hot water flows out of the first water outlet and then flows back to the heating area of the box body through the first return port, and at the moment, the heat of the hot water is mainly absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe. When T3 is less than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is used for heat dissipation of the condensation section; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to store heat, including heat transferred by hot water directly absorbed by the heat storage material and heat absorbed by the evaporation section.
And a third mode: when T1 is less than T1', the heat storage area T2 is more than T2', the circulating water pump is closed, and the auxiliary electric heating equipment is in a closed state. When T3 is less than T3' and the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat mainly comes from the heat stored in the heat storage material; and when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to reduce the heat loss.
And a fourth mode: and when T1 is less than T1', T2 is less than T2', the circulating water pump is closed, and the auxiliary electric heating equipment is started to heat. When T3 is less than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat mainly comes from the heat provided by auxiliary electric heating; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the highest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to reduce heat dissipation.
In the above embodiment, the heat transfer medium of the pulsating heat pipe may be water, FC-72, ethanol, acetone, R123, R141b, or the like.
In the above scheme, the phase change material may be an organic phase change material (such as paraffin, fatty acid, alcohol, and the like), an inorganic phase change material (such as a hydrated salt, a simple substance salt), an organic-inorganic composite phase change material, and the like.
The invention provides a set of cascade storage and supply regulation and control modes. In the heat supply system, the heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator is used as a heat accumulating and supplying tail end and is connected with a solar heat collector, a water pump and the like through a circulating pipeline. Set up tee bend gate valve G1 in the handing-over department of first inlet channel and second inlet channel, set up gate valve G2 on the pipeline of connecting the second water inlet, set up gate valve G3 on the pipeline of connecting first delivery port and first return opening, the gate valve all adopts electric gate valve. The temperature sensing probe T1 is arranged in the solar heat collector, the temperature sensing probe T2 is arranged in the heat storage area of the box body, and the temperature sensing probe T3 is arranged in the indoor space. And a PLC controller is arranged and connected with the water pump, the auxiliary electric heating equipment, the air port regulating and controlling device, the temperature sensing probe and the gate valve.
In the above scheme, the temperature sensing probe is used for collecting the temperature of each point in real time, transmitting the collected temperature signals to the PLC, processing and analyzing the received temperature signals by the PLC, and sending the generated instructions to the water pump, the auxiliary electric heating equipment, the air port regulating and controlling device and the gate valve.
Setting a minimum temperature threshold T1' for starting the circulating water pump; the phase transition temperature is T2'; indoor design temperature minimum threshold T3', maximum threshold T3 ". The specific temperature value can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
In the above scheme, the indoor thermal environment regulation and control logic is as follows: when the hot water temperature T1 in the solar heat collector is smaller than the minimum temperature threshold T1' for opening the circulating water pump, the circulating water pump does not operate, and if the system needs to store and dissipate heat, the auxiliary electric heating equipment provides heat. When the temperature T1 of hot water in the solar heat collector is greater than the minimum temperature threshold T1 'of the opening of the circulating water pump and is less than the phase change temperature T2' of the phase change material, the low-temperature hot water passes through the heating area of the box body, heat is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, and then the low-temperature hot water is released in the heat insulation section and the condensation section. When the hot water temperature T1 is higher than the phase change temperature T2' of the phase change material, high-temperature hot water firstly passes through the heat storage area of the box body to be used for heat storage of the phase change material, the temperature of the absorbed hot water is reduced by a small degree, and then the absorbed hot water flows back to the heating area of the box body to heat the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, and then the heat is released in the heat insulation section and the condensation section. In the above process, if the indoor temperature T3 is higher than the indoor design temperature maximum threshold T3 ″, the tuyere may be closed to improve the heat storage efficiency, and if the indoor temperature T3 is lower than the indoor design temperature minimum threshold T3', the tuyere may be opened to ensure the heat dissipation effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) In the aspect of a renewable solar heating system, the heat storage device and the heat dissipation device are integrated, so that the problems of large occupied area, high heat dissipation loss, low heat utilization rate, water pump power consumption and the like caused by additionally using the heat storage device are solved; in the aspect of a heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator device, a reasonable heat accumulation structure is designed, and the pulsating heat pipe and high-temperature hot water are utilized for carrying out step heat accumulation, so that the utilization efficiency of a phase change material is improved; in the aspect of heating system control, a regulating and controlling mode combining heat preservation type adjustable air ports and heat gradient storage and supply is designed, and the heat storage and dissipation effect of the system is maximized on the premise that the indoor temperature is in a reasonable interval.
2) The phase-change material filling area is changed, the spoiler and the phase-change material filling area are arranged in the heat storage area, the phase-change material filling area surrounds the pulsating heat pipe and is wrapped by the peripheral fins, fluid can flow through the heat storage area except the phase-change material filling area, and the spoiler is used for disturbing, so that hot water at different temperatures can be reasonably used, high-temperature hot water firstly passes through the box heat storage area, heat is directly transferred to the phase-change material for heat storage, and then the hot water flows back to the box heating area for heat dissipation, so that the heat storage efficiency can be greatly improved, and low-temperature hot water is directly used for heat dissipation through the box heating area. In addition, set up on the box and can regulate and control the wind gap, on the one hand can close the wind gap at the heat accumulation process and strengthen the heat accumulation, and on the other hand can regulate and control indoor temperature and avoid indoor temperature too high or low excessively to increase the spoiler in heat accumulation district, strengthen hydrothermal heat transfer effect, phase change material exothermal process can carry out real-time dynamic control according to building heat load demand, is applicable to indoor thermal environment regulation and control field.
3) The regulating and controlling method can fully utilize hot water with different temperatures, efficiently stores heat, enables the heat storage process to be more sufficient, improves the heat storage efficiency, avoids energy waste, enables the heat stored by the phase-change material to be radiated by the pulsating heat pipe, directly arranges the heat storage device in the radiator, can determine the usage amount of the phase-change material through the heat load of a room, does not need to consider the placement problem of the heat storage device, and avoids the loss and the power consumption caused by the heat transmission at the distance from the heat storage device to the heat radiating device.
(IV) description of the drawings
The invention is further described and illustrated in the following figures:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar heating system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe heat sink;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pulsating heat pipe;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heat dissipation case;
in the figure: 1-heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator; 2-a solar heat collector; 3-a water pump; 4-a PLC controller; 5-auxiliary electric heater; 6-pulsating heat pipes; 7-a heat dissipation box body; 8-pulsating heat pipe evaporation section; 9-a pulsating heat pipe heat insulation section; 10-pulsating heat pipe condensation section; 11-evaporation section fins; 12-condenser section fins; 13-a phase change material fill region; 14-box body insulating layer; 15-heating zone of the tank; 16-a box heat storage area; 17-a box heat dissipation area; 18-a spoiler; 19-heat preservation type adjustable tuyere; 20-a first water inlet line; 21-a second water inlet pipeline; 22-a first water inlet, 23-a first water outlet, 24-a first backflow port, 25-a second water inlet, and 26-a second water outlet.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system shown in fig. 1 mainly comprises a heat storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator (1), a solar heat collector (2), a water pump (3), a PLC (programmable logic controller) (4), an auxiliary electric heater (5) and other devices. The solar heat collector, the water pump and the heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator are connected by a circulating pipeline.
The heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator is shown in figure 2 and comprises a pulsating heat pipe (6) and a box body (7), the pulsating heat pipe is shown in figure 3 and is divided into an evaporation section (8), a heat insulation section (9) and a condensation section (10), the evaporation section (8) and the condensation section (10) are respectively provided with an evaporation section fin (11) and a condensation section fin (12), a phase-change material filling area (13) is arranged around the heat insulation section, the phase-change material filling area (13) is filled with a phase-change material, the periphery of the phase-change material filling area (13) is wrapped with the phase-change material by using peripheral fins, vertical fins are also arranged in the middle of the phase-change material filling area (13), the heat insulation section and the peripheral fins are connected by the vertical fins to form a whole, heat transfer is improved, and heating is uniform. Box (7) are as shown in fig. 4, heat preservation (14) are established to the periphery of box, the inside supreme zone of heating (15) that divide into down of box, heat accumulation district (16), radiating area (17), set up auxiliary electric heater (5) in the zone of heating (15), establish spoiler (18) in the heat accumulation district, surplus space confession fluid flow-through except that phase change material filling area in the heat accumulation district, the upper surface of radiating area sets up the adjustable and controllable wind gap of heat preservation type (19), the adjustable and controllable wind gap of heat preservation type is by opening or closing of corresponding motor control wind gap, be the tripe shape. First water inlet (22) is established on box heat accumulation district right side, first delivery port (23) are established on the left side, first backward flow mouth (24) are established to box heating zone (15) left side top, second water inlet (25) are established to the left side below, second delivery port (26) are established on the right side, first delivery port (23) link to each other with first backward flow mouth (24), gate valve G3 sets up on the pipeline that first delivery port and first backward flow mouth are connected for the hydrothermal backward flow in heat accumulation district. The first water inlet (22) is connected with the first water inlet pipeline (20), the second water inlet (25) is connected with the second water inlet pipeline (21), and a gate valve G2 is arranged near the connection position of the second water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet; the gate valve G1 is arranged at the joint of the first water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet pipeline, and the gate valve G1 passes through the corresponding pipelines and passes through the water pump (3) and the outlet of the solar heat collector (2) at the same time; and a second water outlet (26) of the heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator is connected with an inlet of the solar heat collector (2) through a corresponding pipeline.
Set up temperature sensing probe T3 indoor, install temperature sensing probe T1 in the solar collector, set up temperature sensing probe T2 in the box heat accumulation district, the temperature of three is respectively with T3, T1, T2 represents, PLC controller (4) and three temperature sensing probe, three gate valve (G1, G2, G3), water pump (3), the motor and the supplementary electric heater (5) of wind gap (19) can be regulated and control to the heat preservation type are connected, the PLC controller passes through temperature sensing probe monitoring solar collector (2), box heat accumulation district (16) and indoor temperature, after the PLC controller obtains the temperature information of above-mentioned temperature sensing probe, compare with corresponding temperature threshold, and then control water pump, the gate valve, the wind gap can be regulated and control to the heat preservation type neglects and supplementary electric heater starts or closes, make indoor temperature maintain in the constant range, the stability of system operation is improved, avoid cold and hot phenomena.
The pulsating heat pipe can be a circular pipe, a rectangular pipe and the like, and the fins of the evaporation section and the condensation section of the pulsating heat pipe are in a disc type, a flat plate type, a vertical type, a spiral type and the like. The fins of the heat-insulating section of the pulsating heat pipe are in a folded type, a disc type and a flat plate type, and the heat-insulating section can be filled with porous heat-conducting materials and the like.
A cascade storage and supply regulation and control method of a solar-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system is characterized in that the lowest hot water temperature T1', the indoor design temperature lowest threshold T3', the indoor design temperature highest threshold T3 'and the phase change temperature T2' of a water pump are set, when the temperature of a solar heat collector is smaller than the phase change temperature, low-temperature hot water is adopted, low-temperature hot water enters a heating zone, when the temperature is not smaller than the phase change temperature, high-temperature hot water is adopted, and high-temperature hot water enters a heat storage zone; the specific operation modes are as follows:
mode one, low-temperature hot water heat storage: when the PLC judges that the current water temperature in the solar thermal collector meets the condition that T1 'is less than T1 and less than T2', the PLC starts a water pump to operate, a three-way gate valve G1 is opened to enable hot water to flow into a second water inlet pipeline, a gate valve G2 is opened, a gate valve G3 is closed, hot water flows into a heating area of a box body through a second water inlet, and the heat of the hot water is absorbed by an evaporation section of a pulsating heat pipe;
meanwhile, a temperature sensing probe T3 monitors indoor temperature in real time and transmits an indoor temperature signal to a PLC (programmable logic controller), the PLC compares the indoor temperature signal with a minimum threshold value T3' and a maximum threshold value T3' of indoor design temperature, when T3 is less than T3', the PLC opens a heat-preservation type adjustable air port to dissipate heat, heat absorbed by an evaporation section is mainly used for heat dissipation of a condensation section, and a phase-change material releases heat to meet the heat load requirement of a building; when T3 is larger than T3', the heat-preservation type adjustable air inlet is closed to enable the heat-storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator to store more heat to realize better heat storage, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat storage of the heat insulation section.
Mode two, high-temperature hot water heat storage: when the PLC monitors that the temperature T1 of the solar heat collector is higher than T2', the PLC controls the water pump to still operate, and converts the three-way gate valve G1 to enable hot water to enter the first water inlet pipeline, opens the gate valve G3 and closes the gate valve G2; hot water flows into the heat storage area through the first water inlet, heat of the hot water is absorbed and stored by the phase-change material, the temperature of the absorbed hot water can still be kept around the phase-change temperature, the hot water flows out of the first water outlet and then flows back to the heating area of the box body through the first return port, and at the moment, the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe and is mainly used for heat dissipation of the condensation section;
meanwhile, when the T3 is less than the T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is used for heat dissipation of the condensation section; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the highest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to store heat, including the heat transferred by the hot water directly absorbed by the heat storage material and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section.
Mode three, phase change heat dissipation: the method comprises the steps that a PLC obtains temperature data of a temperature sensing probe T1 in a solar thermal collector and a temperature sensing probe T2 in a thermal storage area of a box body, when the temperature T1 of the solar thermal collector is monitored to be less than T1 'and the temperature T2 of the thermal storage area is monitored to be greater than T2', the PLC controls a water pump to be closed, gate valves G1, G2 and G3 are closed, heat stored by a phase-change material is mainly utilized for heat dissipation, and an auxiliary electric heating device is in a closed state;
meanwhile, when the T3 is less than the T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat mainly comes from the heat stored in the heat storage material; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the highest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to reduce heat dissipation.
And in the fourth mode, heat dissipation and heat storage are performed through electric heating: the method comprises the steps that a PLC obtains temperature data of temperature sensing probes T1, T2 and T3, when the temperature T1 of a solar heat collector is monitored to be smaller than T1', the temperature T2 of a heat storage area is monitored to be smaller than T2', and the indoor temperature T3 is monitored to be smaller than T3', a circulating water pump is turned off, auxiliary electric heating equipment is started to dissipate heat and store heat, when the temperature T3 is monitored to be smaller than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the lowest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, an air port is turned on to dissipate heat, and the heat mainly comes from heat provided by auxiliary electric heating; and when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to reduce the heat loss.
The maximum threshold value and the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature can be determined according to actual conditions, and are respectively set to be 22 ℃ and 18 ℃ in the embodiment.
The embodiment is as follows: taking Hebei Shijiazhuang as an example, the lowest temperature of the coldest day is-10 ℃ in the heating season, the highest temperature is 0 ℃, and the average solar radiation intensity is 720W/m in the day 2 . The indoor design temperature range is set to be 18-22 ℃, and the phase change is carried outThe material adopts hydrated salt Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O, the melting point of which is 48 ℃, and the latent heat of fusion of which is 201kJ/kg.
In the presence of solar radiation during the daytime, the ratio of 10:00 to 16:00, the solar radiation intensity is more than 500W/m 2 . At the moment, the solar heat collector absorbs heat, when the temperature in the heat collector is higher than 45 ℃, the temperature sensing probe T1 transmits a signal to the PLC after monitoring, the water pump is started to operate, the three-way valve G1 is opened to enable hot water to flow into the second water inlet pipeline, the gate valve G2 is opened, and the gate valve G3 is closed. The hot water passes through the heating area of the box body, and the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, so that the heat pipe is mainly used for radiating heat indoors by the condensation section. When the temperature in the heat collector is higher than 48 ℃, the temperature sensing probe T1 transmits a signal to the PLC after monitoring, the three-way valve G1 is switched to enable hot water to flow into the first water inlet pipeline, the gate valve G3 is opened, and the gate valve G2 is closed. The hot water firstly passes through the heat storage area of the box body, the heat of the hot water is firstly absorbed and stored by the phase-change material, the temperature of the hot water with the absorbed heat can be kept at 48 ℃, the hot water flows back to the heating area of the box body, and the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe and then is used for the condensation section to dissipate heat indoors. In the process, the air port is in an open state, the indoor temperature is continuously increased along with the continuous heat dissipation of the radiator, and when the temperature sensing probe T3 monitors that the indoor temperature reaches 22 ℃, the PLC controls to close the air port of the radiator.
In the case of weak solar radiation during the daytime or no solar radiation during the night, for example 16: 00-next day 10:00, the intensity of solar radiation is less than 500W/m 2 When the temperature in the solar thermal collector is gradually reduced and is reduced to below 48 ℃, the temperature sensing probe T1 transmits a signal to the PLC after monitoring, the three-way valve G1 is switched to enable hot water to flow into the second water inlet pipeline, the gate valve G2 is opened, and the gate valve G3 is closed; when the temperature is reduced to below 45 ℃, the temperature sensing probe T1 transmits a signal to the PLC after monitoring, the water pump is shut down, and the gate valves G1, G2 and G3 are closed. When the temperature sensing probe T3 monitors that the indoor temperature is reduced to below 18 ℃, the PLC opens the air port of the radiator, and the heat stored by the phase-change material is utilized to dissipate the heat.
And when the temperature in the solar heat collector is lower than 45 ℃, the temperature in the heat storage area of the box body is lower than 48 ℃ and the indoor temperature is lower than 18 ℃, starting the auxiliary electric heating equipment for heating. And when the temperature T2 of the heat storage area is more than T2', the auxiliary electric heating equipment is closed, and the phase-change material is continuously utilized for heat dissipation.
The cascade storage and supply regulation and control method can be beneficial to maintaining indoor stability and constancy, enables heat to be stably dissipated and is more comfortable.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (4)
1. The solar energy-heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe heating system step storage and supply regulation and control method is characterized in that the solar energy-heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe heating system comprises a heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator (1), a solar heat collector (2), a water pump (3), a PLC (programmable logic controller) (4) and an auxiliary electric heater (5), the heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator comprises a pulsating heat pipe (6) and a box body (7), the pulsating heat pipe is divided into an evaporation section (8), a heat insulation section (9) and a condensation section (10), a phase-change material filling area (13) is arranged around the heat insulation section, a heat insulation layer (14) is arranged on the periphery of the box body and is divided into a heating area (15), a heat accumulation area (16) and a heat dissipation area (17) from bottom to top, the phase-change material filling area (13) is located in the heat accumulation area, the auxiliary electric heater is located in the heating area, the heat dissipation area is provided with an adjustable air port (19), and the heat dissipation amount is controlled by adjusting the angle of the air port; a first water inlet is formed in one side of the box body heat storage area, a first water outlet is formed in the other side of the box body heat storage area, a first backflow port is formed below a heating area of the box body, which is close to the first water outlet, a second water inlet is formed below the first backflow port, a second water outlet is formed in the heating area, and the first water outlet is connected with the first backflow port;
in the solar energy-heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe heating system, a gate valve G3 is arranged on a pipeline connecting a first water outlet and a first backflow port and is used for backflow of hot water in a heat accumulating area; the first water inlet is connected with the first water inlet pipeline, the second water inlet is connected with the second water inlet pipeline, and a gate valve G2 is arranged near the connection position of the second water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet; the gate valve G1 is arranged at the joint of the first water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet pipeline, and the gate valve G1 passes through the corresponding pipeline and passes through the water pump and the outlet of the solar heat collector at the same time; a second water outlet of the heat accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator is connected with an inlet of the solar heat collector through a corresponding pipeline;
the PLC is electrically connected with the water pump, the auxiliary electric heating equipment, the regulating and controlling device of the adjustable air port, the temperature sensing probe and the gate valve;
set up minimum temperature threshold value T1 'that circulating water pump opened, phase transition temperature is T2', indoor design temperature minimum threshold value T3', indoor design temperature maximum threshold value T3', indoor setting temperature sensing probe T3, install temperature sensing probe T1 in the solar collector, set up temperature sensing probe T2 in the heat accumulation district, the temperature of three shows with T3, T1, T2 respectively, concrete operational mode is:
in a first mode: low-temperature hot water heat storage: when the PLC judges that the current water temperature in the solar thermal collector meets the condition that T1 'is less than T1 and less than T2', the PLC starts a water pump to operate, a three-way gate valve G1 is opened to enable hot water to flow into a second water inlet pipeline, a gate valve G2 is opened, a gate valve G3 is closed, hot water flows into a heating area of a box body through a second water inlet, and the heat of the hot water is absorbed by an evaporation section of a pulsating heat pipe;
meanwhile, a temperature sensing probe T3 monitors indoor temperature in real time and transmits an indoor temperature signal to a PLC (programmable logic controller), the PLC compares the indoor temperature signal with a minimum threshold value T3' and a maximum threshold value T3' of indoor design temperature, when T3 is less than T3', the PLC opens a heat-preservation type adjustable air port to dissipate heat, heat absorbed by an evaporation section is mainly used for heat dissipation of a condensation section, and a phase-change material releases heat to meet the heat load requirement of a building; when T3 is more than T3', the heat-preservation type adjustable air inlet is closed to enable the heat-accumulating type pulsating heat pipe radiator to store more heat to realize better heat accumulation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat accumulation of the heat insulation section;
when T1 'is more than T1 and less than T2', hot water flows into the heating zone of the box body from the second water inlet and flows out from the second water outlet, and the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe absorbs heat; when T3 is less than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat dissipation of the condensation section; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the highest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to store heat, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat storage of the heat insulation section;
and a second mode: high-temperature hot water heat storage: when the PLC monitors that the temperature T1 of the solar heat collector is larger than T2', the PLC controls the water pump to still operate, and converts the three-way gate valve G1 to enable hot water to enter the first water inlet pipeline, opens the gate valve G3 and closes the gate valve G2; hot water flows into the heat storage area through the first water inlet, heat of the hot water is absorbed and stored by the phase-change material, the temperature of the absorbed hot water can still be kept around the phase-change temperature, the hot water flows out of the first water outlet and then flows back to the heating area of the box body through the first return port, and at the moment, the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe and is mainly used for heat dissipation of the condensation section;
when T1 is larger than T2', hot water flows into the heat storage area of the box body from the first water inlet, high-temperature hot water is used for heat storage of the phase-change material, the temperature of the hot water after heat absorption can still be kept about T2', the hot water flows out of the first water outlet and then flows back to the heating area of the box body through the first return port, the heat of the hot water is mainly absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe at the moment, when T3 is smaller than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air opening is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is used for heat dissipation of the condensation section; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to store heat, including heat transferred by hot water directly absorbed by the heat storage material and heat absorbed by the evaporation section;
and a third mode: phase change heat dissipation: the method comprises the steps that a PLC obtains temperature data of a temperature sensing probe T1 in a solar thermal collector and a temperature sensing probe T2 in a heat storage area of a box body, when the temperature T1 of the solar thermal collector is monitored to be smaller than T1 'and the temperature T2 of the heat storage area is monitored to be larger than T2', the PLC controls a water pump to be closed, gate valves G1, G2 and G3 are closed, heat stored by a phase-change material is mainly utilized for heat dissipation, and an auxiliary electric heating device is in a closed state;
when T1 is less than T1', the heat storage region T2 is greater than T2', the circulating water pump is closed, the auxiliary electric heating equipment is in a closed state, when T3 is less than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat mainly comes from the heat stored in the heat storage material; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to reduce the heat loss;
and a fourth mode: electric heating heat dissipation and heat storage: the PLC acquires temperature data of temperature sensing probes T1, T2 and T3, and when the temperature T1 of the solar thermal collector is monitored to be less than T1', the temperature T2 of the heat storage area is monitored to be less than T2', and the indoor temperature T3 is monitored to be less than T3', the circulating water pump is turned off, and the auxiliary electric heating equipment is started to dissipate and store heat;
when T1 is less than T1', the heat storage region T2 is less than T2', the circulating water pump is turned off, the auxiliary electric heating equipment is started to heat, when T3 is less than T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened to dissipate heat, and the heat mainly comes from the heat provided by the auxiliary electric heating; when T3 is more than T3', the indoor temperature is higher than the highest threshold value of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to reduce heat dissipation.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer medium of the pulsating heat pipe is one of water, FC-72, ethanol, acetone, R123, and R141 b; the phase change material is one of an organic phase change material, an inorganic phase change material and an organic-inorganic composite phase change material; the organic phase-change material is one of paraffin, fatty acid and alcohol, and the inorganic phase-change material is one of hydrated salt and simple substance salt.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein a spoiler is disposed in the heat storage region, the phase-change material filling region is disposed around the heat insulation section of the pulsating heat pipe and is wrapped by the peripheral fins, and fluid can flow through the heat storage region except the phase-change material filling region.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indoor thermal environment control logic is as follows: the hot water temperature in the solar thermal collector is the temperature monitored by a temperature sensing probe T1 arranged in the solar thermal collector, and is represented by T1, when the T1 is less than the lowest temperature threshold T1' for starting the circulating water pump, the circulating water pump does not run, and if the system needs to carry out heat accumulation and dissipation, the auxiliary electric heating equipment provides heat; when T1 is greater than the minimum temperature threshold T1 'of the starting of the circulating water pump and less than the phase change temperature T2' of the phase change material, low-temperature hot water passes through the heating area of the box body, heat is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, and then the heat is released in the heat insulation section and the condensation section; when T1 is greater than the phase-change temperature T2' of the phase-change material, high-temperature hot water firstly passes through the heat storage area of the box body to be used for heat storage of the phase-change material, the temperature of the hot water absorbing heat is reduced by a small degree, then the hot water flows back to the heating area of the box body to heat the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, and then the heat is released in the heat insulation section and the condensation section; in the process, the indoor temperature is the temperature monitored by the indoor temperature sensing probe T3 and is represented by T3, if T3 is higher than the maximum threshold value T3 'of the indoor design temperature, the air port is closed to improve the heat storage efficiency, and if T3 is lower than the minimum threshold value T3' of the indoor design temperature, the air port is opened to ensure the heat dissipation effect.
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