CN114353161A - Stepped storage and supply regulation and control method for solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system - Google Patents
Stepped storage and supply regulation and control method for solar energy-heat storage type pulsating heat pipe heating system Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
Description
(一)技术领域(1) Technical field
本发明涉及室内热环境调控领域，尤其涉及一种太阳能-蓄热式脉动热管供热系统梯级蓄供调控方法，包括集热装置、脉动热管、相变材料、散热箱体、保温型可调风口、系统调控等。The invention relates to the field of indoor thermal environment regulation, in particular to a method for cascade storage and supply regulation of a solar energy-regenerative pulsating heat pipe heating system, comprising a heat collector, a pulsating heat pipe, a phase change material, a heat dissipation box, and a thermal insulation type adjustable air outlet , system control, etc.
(二)背景技术(2) Background technology
目前太阳能供热系统存在较多不足，主要原因是太阳能资源与能源需求在时间、空间和强度上不匹配，为维持相对稳定的室内温度，常需要大量的辅助能源或者大容量的蓄热装置。常见的蓄热水箱受到蓄热密度和容量的限制，一方面体积过大增加了建筑构件的载荷，另一方面散热损耗较高，降低了太阳能热利用效率。再者，蓄热装置和散热末端一般单独使用，蓄换热环节的增加导致系统耗能大、传热慢、热效低、用水量大等缺陷。At present, there are many deficiencies in the solar heating system. The main reason is that the solar energy resources and energy demand do not match in time, space and intensity. In order to maintain a relatively stable indoor temperature, a large amount of auxiliary energy or a large-capacity heat storage device is often required. The common hot water storage tank is limited by the heat storage density and capacity. On the one hand, the excessive volume increases the load of building components, and on the other hand, the heat dissipation loss is high, which reduces the efficiency of solar thermal utilization. In addition, the heat storage device and the heat dissipation terminal are generally used alone, and the increase of heat storage and exchange links leads to defects such as large energy consumption, slow heat transfer, low thermal efficiency, and large water consumption.
本发明考虑将可再生太阳能作为热源，将具有强导热性的脉动热管作为散热主体，将高潜热性的相变材料作为蓄热主体，实现波动性可再生能源高效蓄供热功能一体化。The present invention considers renewable solar energy as a heat source, a pulsating heat pipe with strong thermal conductivity as the main body for heat dissipation, and a phase change material with high latent heat as the main body for heat storage, so as to realize the integration of high-efficiency heat storage and supply functions of fluctuating renewable energy.
(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
本发明采用蓄热式脉动热管散热器作为太阳能供热系统的蓄热+散热装置构件，将蓄存的热量直接散到室内，避免了从蓄热装置提取热量再传递到散热装置的环节，降低了热量的损耗；其次，优化脉动热管周围的相变材料热量蓄存方式，可利用脉动热管和高温热水进行梯级蓄热，提高相变材料的储热效率；最后，设计了一种保温型可调风口和热量梯级蓄供相结合的系统调控方式，以使热量得到合理的分配利用，并使室内温度维持在合理区间内。The invention adopts the heat storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator as the heat storage + heat dissipation device component of the solar heating system, and directly dissipates the stored heat into the room, avoiding the process of extracting heat from the heat storage device and then transferring it to the heat dissipation device, reducing the energy consumption. Secondly, the heat storage method of the phase change material around the pulsating heat pipe is optimized, and the pulsating heat pipe and high-temperature hot water can be used for cascade heat storage to improve the heat storage efficiency of the phase change material. Finally, a thermal insulation type can be designed. The system control method that combines the air outlet and the heat cascade storage supply, so that the heat can be reasonably distributed and utilized, and the indoor temperature can be maintained within a reasonable range.
本发明提供了一种太阳能-蓄热式脉动热管供热系统梯级蓄供调控方法，其特征在于，所述太阳能-蓄热式脉动热管供热系统包括蓄热式脉动热管散热器(1)、太阳能集热器(2)、水泵(3)、PLC控制器(4)和辅助电加热器(5)，所述蓄热式脉动热管散热器包括脉动热管(6)及箱体(7)，脉动热管分为蒸发段(8)、绝热段(9)和冷凝段(10)，在绝热段周围设置相变材料填充区(13)，箱体外围设保温层(14)，从下至上分为加热区(15)、蓄热区(16)、散热区(17)，相变材料填充区(13)位于蓄热区内，辅助电加热器位于加热区内，散热区设置可调控风口(19)，通过调整风口角度控制散热量；箱体蓄热区一侧设第一进水口(22)，另一侧设第一出水口(23)，箱体加热区靠近第一出水口的下方设第一回流口(24)，第一回流口下方设第二进水口(25)，加热区同时设第二出水口(26)，第一出水口(23)与第一回流口(24)相连；The invention provides a step-by-step storage and supply control method for a solar-regenerative pulsating heat pipe heating system, characterized in that the solar-regenerative pulsating heat pipe heating system comprises a regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator (1), a solar collector (2), a water pump (3), a PLC controller (4) and an auxiliary electric heater (5), the thermal storage type pulsating heat pipe radiator comprises a pulsating heat pipe (6) and a box (7), The pulsating heat pipe is divided into an evaporation section (8), an adiabatic section (9) and a condensation section (10). A phase-change material filling area (13) is arranged around the adiabatic section, and a thermal insulation layer (14) is arranged on the periphery of the box. It is a heating area (15), a heat storage area (16), a heat dissipation area (17), the phase change material filling area (13) is located in the heat storage area, the auxiliary electric heater is located in the heating area, and the heat dissipation area is provided with an adjustable air outlet ( 19), the heat dissipation is controlled by adjusting the angle of the tuyere; a first water inlet (22) is arranged on one side of the heat storage area of the box body, and a first water outlet (23) is arranged on the other side, and the heating area of the box body is close to the bottom of the first water outlet. A first return port (24) is provided, a second water inlet (25) is provided below the first return port, and a second water outlet (26), a first water outlet (23) and a first return port (24) are also provided in the heating zone. connected;
设置循环水泵开启的最低温度阈值T1′、相变温度为T2′、室内设计温度最低阈值T3′、室内设计温度最高阈值T3″，室内设置感温探头T3，太阳能集热器内安装感温探头T1、在蓄热区内设置感温探头T2，三者的温度分别用T3、T1、T2表示，Set the minimum temperature threshold T1' for turning on the circulating water pump, the phase transition temperature is T2', the minimum indoor design temperature threshold T3', the maximum indoor design temperature threshold T3", the temperature sensor T3 is installed indoors, and the temperature sensor is installed in the solar collector. T1. Set the temperature probe T2 in the heat storage area, and the temperature of the three is represented by T3, T1, and T2 respectively.
具体运行模式如下：The specific operation mode is as follows:
模式一：当T1′＜T1＜T2′时，热水从第二进水口流入箱体加热区，从第二出水口流出，脉动热管蒸发段吸收热量。当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，蒸发段吸收的热量主要用于冷凝段的散热；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口储存热量，蒸发段吸收的热量主要用于绝热段的蓄热。Mode 1: When T1'<T1<T2', the hot water flows into the heating area of the box from the second water inlet and flows out from the second water outlet, and the evaporating section of the pulsating heat pipe absorbs heat. When T3<T3′, the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of the indoor design temperature, open the air outlet for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat dissipation in the condensation section; when T3>T3″, the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum indoor design temperature. Then close the tuyere to store the heat, and the heat absorbed in the evaporation section is mainly used for the heat storage in the adiabatic section.
模式二：当T1＞T2′时，热水先从第一进水口流入箱体蓄热区，将高温热水先用于相变材料蓄热，被吸收热量后的热水温度仍能保持在T2′左右，热水从第一出水口流出后，再经第一回流口回流到箱体加热区，此时的热水热量主要被脉动热管蒸发段吸收。当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，蒸发段吸收的热量用于冷凝段的散热；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口储存热量，包括蓄热材料直接吸收的热水传递来的热量和蒸发段吸收的热量。Mode 2: When T1>T2', the hot water first flows into the heat storage area of the box from the first water inlet, and the high-temperature hot water is first used for heat storage of the phase change material, and the temperature of the hot water after the absorbed heat can still be maintained at Around T2', after the hot water flows out from the first water outlet, it returns to the heating area of the box through the first return port, and the heat of the hot water at this time is mainly absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe. When T3<T3′, the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of indoor design temperature, open the air outlet for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is used for heat dissipation in the condensation section; when T3>T3″, the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum indoor design temperature. Threshold, then Close the tuyere to store heat, including the heat transferred from the hot water directly absorbed by the heat storage material and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section.
模式三：当T1＜T1′，蓄热区T2＞T2′，循环水泵关闭，辅助电加热设备处于关闭状态。当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，热量主要来自于蓄热材料蓄存的热量；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口减少热量的散失。Mode 3: When T1<T1', the heat storage area T2>T2', the circulating water pump is turned off, and the auxiliary electric heating equipment is turned off. When T3<T3′, the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of the indoor design temperature, open the air outlet to dissipate heat, and the heat mainly comes from the heat stored by the heat storage material; when T3>T3″, the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum indoor design temperature threshold, then Close the vents to reduce heat loss.
模式四：当T1＜T1′，蓄热区T2＜T2′，循环水泵关闭，启动辅助电加热设备进行加热。当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，热量主要来自于辅助电加热提供的热量；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口减少热量的散失。Mode 4: When T1<T1', the heat storage area T2<T2', the circulating water pump is turned off, and the auxiliary electric heating equipment is started for heating. When T3<T3′, the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of indoor design temperature, open the air outlet to dissipate heat, and the heat mainly comes from the heat provided by the auxiliary electric heating; when T3>T3″, the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold of indoor design temperature, it will be closed Air vents reduce heat loss.
上述方案中，所述脉动热管的传热介质可以使用水、FC-72、乙醇、丙酮、R123、R141b等。In the above scheme, water, FC-72, ethanol, acetone, R123, R141b, etc. can be used as the heat transfer medium of the pulsating heat pipe.
上述方案中，所述相变材料可以使用有机相变材料(如石蜡、脂肪酸、醇等)，无机相变材料(如水合盐、单质盐)等，以及有机-无机复合相变材料等。In the above scheme, the phase change material can use organic phase change materials (such as paraffin, fatty acid, alcohol, etc.), inorganic phase change materials (such as hydrated salts, elemental salts), etc., and organic-inorganic composite phase change materials, etc.
本发明提供了一套梯级蓄供调控方式。在供热系统中，将此蓄热式脉动热管散热器作为蓄供热末端与太阳能集热器、水泵等通过循环管路连接。设置三通闸阀G1在第一进水管路与第二进水管路的交接处，设置闸阀G2在连接第二进水口的管路的上，设置闸阀G3在连接第一出水口与第一回流口的管路上，闸阀均采用电动闸阀。设置感温探头T1在太阳能集热器内，设置感温探头T2在箱体蓄热区、设置感温探头T3在室内空间。设置PLC控制器，与水泵、辅助电加热设备、风口调控装置、感温探头及闸阀连接。The present invention provides a set of cascade storage and supply regulation methods. In the heating system, this regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator is used as the end of heat storage and is connected with solar collectors, water pumps, etc. through circulation pipelines. Set the three-way gate valve G1 at the junction of the first water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet pipeline, set the gate valve G2 on the pipeline connecting the second water inlet, and set the gate valve G3 at the connection between the first water outlet and the first return port. On the pipeline, the gate valve adopts electric gate valve. The temperature sensing probe T1 is set in the solar collector, the temperature sensing probe T2 is set in the heat storage area of the box body, and the temperature sensing probe T3 is set in the indoor space. Set up PLC controller to connect with water pump, auxiliary electric heating equipment, tuyere control device, temperature probe and gate valve.
上述方案中，感温探头用于实时采集各点温度，并将采集到的温度信号传输到PLC控制器，PLC控制器对接收到的温度信号进行处理和分析，并将生成的指令发送至水泵、辅助电加热设备、风口调控装置及闸阀。In the above scheme, the temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature of each point in real time, and transmit the collected temperature signal to the PLC controller. The PLC controller processes and analyzes the received temperature signal, and sends the generated instructions to the water pump. , Auxiliary electric heating equipment, tuyere control device and gate valve.
设置循环水泵开启的最低温度阈值T1′；相变温度为T2′；室内设计温度最低阈值T3′，最高阈值T3″。具体的温度值可根据实际情况调整。Set the minimum temperature threshold T1′ for turning on the circulating water pump; the phase transition temperature is T2′; the minimum threshold value of the indoor design temperature is T3′, and the maximum threshold value is T3″. The specific temperature value can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
上述方案中，所述室内热环境调控逻辑如下：太阳能集热器中的热水温度T1小于循环水泵开启的最低温度阈值T1′时，循环水泵不运行，系统若需要进行蓄散热，由辅助电加热设备提供热量。太阳能集热器中的热水温度T1大于循环水泵开启的最低温度阈值T1′且小于相变材料的相变温度T2′时，低温热水通过箱体加热区，热量被脉动热管蒸发段吸收，然后在绝热段和冷凝段释放。当热水温度T1大于相变材料的相变温度T2′时，高温热水先通过箱体蓄热区用于相变材料的蓄热，被吸收热量的热水温度小幅度降低，再回流到箱体加热区，加热脉动热管蒸发段，然后热量在绝热段和冷凝段释放。在上述过程中，若室内温度T3高于室内设计温度最高阈值T3″，可关闭风口以提高储热效率，若室内温度T3低于室内设计温度最低阈值T3′，则打开风口以保证散热效果。In the above scheme, the indoor thermal environment control logic is as follows: when the hot water temperature T1 in the solar collector is less than the minimum temperature threshold T1' for turning on the circulating water pump, the circulating water pump does not operate, and if the system needs to store and dissipate heat, the auxiliary power Heating equipment provides heat. When the hot water temperature T1 in the solar collector is greater than the minimum temperature threshold T1' for the circulating water pump to be turned on and less than the phase change temperature T2' of the phase change material, the low temperature hot water passes through the heating area of the box, and the heat is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe. It is then released in the adiabatic section and the condensation section. When the hot water temperature T1 is greater than the phase change temperature T2' of the phase change material, the high temperature hot water first passes through the heat storage area of the box for heat storage of the phase change material, and the temperature of the hot water absorbed by the heat decreases slightly, and then flows back to the The heating area of the box heats the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, and then the heat is released in the adiabatic section and the condensation section. In the above process, if the indoor temperature T3 is higher than the maximum indoor design temperature threshold T3″, the air outlet can be closed to improve the heat storage efficiency. If the indoor temperature T3 is lower than the lowest indoor design temperature threshold T3′, the air outlet can be opened to ensure the heat dissipation effect.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)本发明在可再生太阳能供热系统方面，将蓄热装置与散热装置一体化，改善了额外使用蓄热装置所造成的占地面积大、散热损耗高、热利用率低及水泵功耗等问题；在蓄热式脉动热管散热器装置方面，通过设计合理的蓄热结构，利用脉动热管和高温热水进行梯级蓄热，提高了相变材料的利用效率；在供热系统控制方面，设计了保温型可调风口和热量梯级蓄供相结合的调控方式，在保证室内温度处于合理区间的前提下，最大化系统的蓄散热效果。1) In the aspect of the renewable solar heating system, the present invention integrates the heat storage device and the heat dissipation device, which improves the large floor space, high heat dissipation loss, low heat utilization rate and water pump power consumption caused by the additional use of the heat storage device. In terms of regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator device, by designing a reasonable heat storage structure, using pulsating heat pipes and high-temperature hot water for cascade heat storage, the utilization efficiency of phase change materials has been improved; in terms of heating system control, A control method combining the thermal insulation adjustable air outlet and the heat cascade storage and supply is designed to maximize the storage and heat dissipation effect of the system on the premise of ensuring that the indoor temperature is in a reasonable range.
2)本发明改变相变材料填充区，在蓄热区内设置扰流板和相变材料填充区，相变材料填充区围绕脉动热管，并由外围翅片包裹，除相变材料填充区外的蓄热区内能够供流体流过，并由扰流板进行扰动，可以合理地利用不同温度的热水，高温热水先通过箱体蓄热区，热量直接传热给相变材料进行蓄热，之后热水再回流到箱体加热区用于散热，这样可以大大提高储热效率，而低温热水直接通过箱体加热区直接用于散热。此外，在箱体上设置可调控风口，一方面在蓄热过程可以关闭风口强化蓄热，另一方面可以调控室内温度避免室内温度过高或过低，并在蓄热区增加扰流板，强化热水的传热效果，相变材料放热过程能根据建筑热负荷需求进行实时动态调控，适用于室内热环境调控领域。2) The present invention changes the phase change material filling area, and sets a spoiler and a phase change material filling area in the heat storage area. The phase change material filling area surrounds the pulsating heat pipe and is wrapped by peripheral fins, except for the phase change material filling area. In the heat storage area, the fluid can flow through and be disturbed by the spoiler, so hot water of different temperatures can be used reasonably. The high temperature hot water first passes through the heat storage area of the box, and the heat is directly transferred to the phase change material for storage. The hot water is then returned to the heating area of the box for heat dissipation, which can greatly improve the heat storage efficiency, while the low-temperature hot water is directly used for heat dissipation through the heating area of the box. In addition, a controllable air outlet is set on the box body. On the one hand, the air outlet can be closed during the heat storage process to strengthen the heat storage. Strengthen the heat transfer effect of hot water, and the heat release process of the phase change material can be dynamically regulated in real time according to the building heat load demand, which is suitable for the field of indoor thermal environment regulation.
3)本发明调控方法能充分利用不同温度的热水，高效的进行储热，使储热过程更加的充分，提高了储热效率，避免能量浪费，相变材料所储存的热量能再利用脉动热管进行散热，直接将蓄热装置设置在散热器中，可以通过房间的热负荷决定相变材料的使用量，不用考虑蓄热装置的放置问题，避免了在蓄热装置到散热装置这段距离的热量传输造成的损耗和功耗。3) The control method of the present invention can make full use of hot water at different temperatures, efficiently store heat, make the heat storage process more sufficient, improve the heat storage efficiency, avoid energy waste, and the heat stored by the phase change material can be reused by the pulsating heat pipe. To dissipate heat, the heat storage device is directly placed in the radiator, and the amount of phase change material used can be determined by the heat load of the room, without considering the placement of the heat storage device, avoiding the distance between the heat storage device and the heat sink. Losses and power consumption due to heat transfer.
(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
图1为太阳能供暖系统示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar heating system;
图2为蓄热式脉动热管散热器示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator;
图3为脉动热管示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulsating heat pipe;
图4为散热箱体示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat dissipation box;
图中：1-蓄热式脉动热管散热器；2-太阳能集热器；3-水泵；4-PLC控制器；5-辅助电加热器；6-脉动热管；7-散热箱体；8-脉动热管蒸发段；9-脉动热管绝热段；10-脉动热管冷凝段；11-蒸发段翅片；12-冷凝段翅片；13-相变材料填充区；14-箱体保温层；15-箱体加热区；16-箱体蓄热区；17-箱体散热区；18-扰流板；19-保温型可调风口；20-第一进水管路；21-第二进水管路；22-第一进水口，23-第一出水口，24-第一回流口，25-第二进水口，26-第二出水口。In the picture: 1- Regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator; 2- Solar collector; 3- Water pump; 4- PLC controller; 5- Auxiliary electric heater; 6- pulsating heat pipe; 7- Cooling box; 8- Evaporation section of pulsating heat pipe; 9-insulation section of pulsating heat pipe; 10-condensing section of pulsating heat pipe; 11-fins of evaporation section; 12-fins of condensation section; 13-phase change material filling area; 14-insulation layer of box body; 15- Box heating area; 16 - box heat storage area; 17 - box body heat dissipation area; 18 - spoiler; 19 - thermal insulation adjustable air outlet; 20 - first water inlet pipeline; 21 - second water inlet pipeline; 22-first water inlet, 23-first water outlet, 24-first return outlet, 25-second water inlet, 26-second water outlet.
(五)具体实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods
如图1所示的太阳能-蓄热式脉动热管供热系统，主要包括蓄热式脉动热管散热器(1)、太阳能集热器(2)、水泵(3)、PLC控制器(4)、辅助电加热器(5)等设备。太阳能集热器、水泵和蓄热式脉动热管散热器由循环管道连接。The solar-regenerative pulsating heat pipe heating system shown in Figure 1 mainly includes a regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator (1), a solar collector (2), a water pump (3), a PLC controller (4), Auxiliary electric heater (5) and other equipment. The solar collector, water pump and regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator are connected by circulating pipes.
蓄热式脉动热管散热器如图2所示，包括脉动热管(6)和箱体(7)，脉动热管如图3所示，分为蒸发段(8)、绝热段(9)和冷凝段(10)，在蒸发段(8)和冷凝段(10)分别设置蒸发段翅片(11)和冷凝段翅片(12)，在绝热段周围设置相变材料填充区(13)，相变材料填充区(13)内填充相变材料，相变材料填充区(13)的外围使用外围翅片将相变材料包裹起来，在相变材料填充区(13)的中间也设竖直翅片，竖直翅片将绝热段与外围翅片连接形成一个整体，提高传热，使得受热均匀。箱体(7)如图4所示，箱体的外围设保温层(14)，箱体内部从下至上分为加热区(15)、蓄热区(16)、散热区(17)，在加热区(15)内设置辅助电加热器(5)，在蓄热区内设扰流板(18)，在蓄热区内除相变材料填充区外的剩余空间供流体流过，散热区的上表面设置保温型可调控风口(19)，保温型可调控风口由相应的电机控制风口的开启或关闭，呈百叶形状。箱体蓄热区右侧设第一进水口(22)，左侧设第一出水口(23)，箱体加热区(15)左侧上方设第一回流口(24)，左侧下方设第二进水口(25)，右侧设第二出水口(26)，第一出水口(23)与第一回流口(24)相连，闸阀G3设置在第一出水口与第一回流口连接的管路上，用于蓄热区热水的回流。第一进水口(22)和第一进水管路(20)连接，第二进水口(25)和第二进水管路(21)连接，在第二进水管路与第二进水口的连接位置附近设置闸阀G2；闸阀G1设置在第一进水管路与第二进水管路的交接处，闸阀G1同时通过相应管路经水泵(3)与太阳能集热器(2)的出口；蓄热式脉动热管散热器的第二出水口(26)经相应管路连接太阳能集热器(2)的进口。The regenerative pulsating heat pipe radiator is shown in Figure 2, including a pulsating heat pipe (6) and a box (7). The pulsating heat pipe is shown in Figure 3, which is divided into an evaporation section (8), an adiabatic section (9) and a condensation section (10), the evaporation section fins (11) and the condensation section fins (12) are respectively arranged in the evaporation section (8) and the condensation section (10), and a phase change material filling area (13) is arranged around the adiabatic section. The phase change material is filled in the material filling area (13), the periphery of the phase change material filling area (13) is wrapped with the phase change material by peripheral fins, and vertical fins are also arranged in the middle of the phase change material filling area (13). , the vertical fins connect the adiabatic section and the peripheral fins to form a whole, which improves heat transfer and makes the heating uniform. The box body (7) is shown in Figure 4, the outer periphery of the box body is provided with an insulating layer (14), and the inside of the box body is divided into a heating area (15), a heat storage area (16), and a heat dissipation area (17) from bottom to top. An auxiliary electric heater (5) is arranged in the heating zone (15), a spoiler (18) is arranged in the thermal storage zone, the remaining space in the thermal storage zone except the phase change material filling zone is for fluid to flow through, and the heat dissipation zone The upper surface of the heat preservation type adjustable air outlet (19) is arranged, and the heat preservation type adjustable air outlet is controlled by the corresponding motor to open or close the air outlet, which is in the shape of a louver. A first water inlet (22) is arranged on the right side of the heat storage area of the box body, a first water outlet (23) is arranged on the left side, a first return port (24) is arranged on the upper left side of the box body heating area (15), and a first return outlet (24) is arranged on the lower left side of the box body. The second water inlet (25), the second water outlet (26) is provided on the right side, the first water outlet (23) is connected with the first return port (24), and the gate valve G3 is arranged at the first water outlet and connected with the first return port It is used for the return of hot water in the thermal storage area. The first water inlet (22) is connected to the first water inlet pipeline (20), the second water inlet (25) is connected to the second water inlet pipeline (21), and the connection position of the second water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet is A gate valve G2 is arranged nearby; the gate valve G1 is arranged at the junction of the first water inlet pipeline and the second water inlet pipeline, and the gate valve G1 passes through the corresponding pipeline through the outlet of the water pump (3) and the solar collector (2) at the same time; The second water outlet (26) of the pulsating heat pipe radiator is connected to the inlet of the solar collector (2) through a corresponding pipeline.
在室内设置感温探头T3，太阳能集热器内安装感温探头T1、在箱体蓄热区内设置感温探头T2，三者的温度分别用T3、T1、T2表示，PLC控制器(4)与三个感温探头、三个闸阀(G1、G2、G3)、水泵(3)、保温型可调控风口(19)的电机和辅助电加热器(5)连接，PLC控制器通过感温探头监测太阳能集热器(2)、箱体蓄热区(16)和室内的温度，PLC控制器获得上述感温探头的温度信息后，与相应的温度阈值进行比较，进而控制水泵、闸阀、保温型可调控风口和辅助电加热器进行启用或关闭，使得室内温度维持在恒定范围内，提高系统运行的稳定性，避免忽冷忽热现象。The temperature sensor T3 is installed indoors, the temperature sensor T1 is installed in the solar collector, and the temperature sensor T2 is installed in the heat storage area of the box. The temperatures of the three are represented by T3, T1, and T2 respectively. The PLC controller (4 ) is connected with three temperature sensing probes, three gate valves (G1, G2, G3), water pump (3), the motor of the heat-insulating adjustable air outlet (19), and the auxiliary electric heater (5). The probe monitors the temperature of the solar collector (2), the heat storage area of the box (16) and the room. After the PLC controller obtains the temperature information of the above temperature probe, it compares it with the corresponding temperature threshold, and then controls the water pump, gate valve, The thermal insulation type can control the opening or closing of the air outlet and the auxiliary electric heater, so that the indoor temperature is maintained within a constant range, which improves the stability of the system operation and avoids the phenomenon of sudden cold and hot.
所述脉动热管可为圆形管、矩形管等，所述脉动热管蒸发段、冷凝段的翅片形状为圆盘型、平板型、竖直型、螺旋型等。所述脉动热管绝热段的翅片形状为折叠型、圆盘型、平板型以及在绝热段可以填充多孔导热材料等。The pulsating heat pipe can be a circular pipe, a rectangular pipe, etc., and the fin shapes of the evaporating section and the condensing section of the pulsating heat pipe are disc type, flat type, vertical type, spiral type and the like. The shape of the fins of the thermal insulation section of the pulsating heat pipe is a folded type, a disc type, a flat type, and the thermal insulation section can be filled with porous heat-conducting materials.
一种太阳能-蓄热式脉动热管供热系统的梯级蓄供调控方法，设定水泵启动的最低热水温度T1′、室内设计温度最低阈值T3′、室内设计温度最高阈值T3″、相变温度T2′，当太阳能集热器的温度小于相变温度时为低温热水，低温进入加热区，不小于相变温度时为高温热水，高温热水进入蓄热区；具体运行模式如下：A solar-regenerative pulsating heat pipe heating system cascade storage and supply control method, which sets the minimum hot water temperature T1' for pump start, the minimum indoor design temperature threshold T3', the maximum indoor design temperature threshold T3", and the phase transition temperature. T2', when the temperature of the solar collector is lower than the phase transition temperature, it is low temperature hot water, and the low temperature enters the heating zone; when it is not less than the phase transition temperature, it is high temperature hot water, and the high temperature hot water enters the heat storage zone; the specific operation modes are as follows:
模式一，低温热水蓄热：太阳能集热器中的感温探头T1检测到太阳能集热器内水温后传输温度信号到PLC控制器，PLC控制器判断当前太阳能集热器内水温满足T1′＜T1＜T2′时，PLC控制器启动水泵运行，开启三通闸阀G1使热水流进第二进水管路，闸阀G2开启，闸阀G3关闭，热水先经第二进水口流入箱体加热区，热水热量被脉动热管蒸发段吸收；Mode 1, low temperature hot water heat storage: the temperature probe T1 in the solar collector detects the water temperature in the solar collector and transmits a temperature signal to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller judges that the current water temperature in the solar collector meets T1' When <T1<T2', the PLC controller starts the water pump, opens the three-way gate valve G1 to make the hot water flow into the second water inlet pipeline, the gate valve G2 is opened, the gate valve G3 is closed, and the hot water first flows into the tank through the second water inlet for heating. zone, the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporating section of the pulsating heat pipe;
同时感温探头T3实时监测室内温度，并将室内温度信号传输到PLC控制器，PLC控制器将室内温度信号和室内设计温度最低阈值T3′和室内设计温度最高阈值T3″进行比较，当T3＜T3′时，PLC控制器打开保温型可调控风口进行散热，蒸发段吸收的热量主要用于冷凝段的散热，让相变材料放热，以满足建筑热负荷需求；当T3＞T3″时，关闭保温型可调控风口使蓄热式脉动热管散热器储存更多热量实现更好地蓄热，蒸发段吸收的热量主要用于绝热段的蓄热。At the same time, the temperature sensing probe T3 monitors the indoor temperature in real time, and transmits the indoor temperature signal to the PLC controller. The PLC controller compares the indoor temperature signal with the minimum indoor design temperature threshold T3′ and the maximum indoor design temperature threshold T3″, when T3 < At T3′, the PLC controller opens the heat-insulating adjustable air outlet for heat dissipation. The heat absorbed by the evaporation section is mainly used for heat dissipation in the condensation section, allowing the phase change material to release heat to meet the building heat load requirements; when T3>T3″, the The heat-storage pulsating heat pipe radiator can store more heat by closing the heat-insulating adjustable air outlet to achieve better heat storage. The heat absorbed in the evaporation section is mainly used for the heat storage in the adiabatic section.
模式二，高温热水蓄热：当PLC控制器监测到太阳能集热器温度T1＞T2′时，PLC控制器控制水泵依然运行，并转换三通闸阀G1使热水进入第一进水管路，开启闸阀G3，关闭闸阀G2；热水先经第一进水口流入体蓄热区，热水热量先被相变材料吸收蓄热，被吸收热量的热水温度依然能保持在相变温度左右，热水从第一出水口流出后，再经第一回流口回流到箱体加热区，此时热水热量被脉动热管蒸发段吸收，主要用于冷凝段散热；Mode 2, high temperature hot water heat storage: when the PLC controller monitors the temperature of the solar collector T1>T2', the PLC controller controls the water pump to still run, and switches the three-way gate valve G1 to allow the hot water to enter the first water inlet pipeline. Open the gate valve G3 and close the gate valve G2; the hot water first flows into the body heat storage area through the first water inlet, the heat of the hot water is first absorbed by the phase change material and stored, and the temperature of the absorbed hot water can still be maintained at about the phase change temperature. After the hot water flows out from the first water outlet, it flows back to the heating area of the box through the first return port. At this time, the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, which is mainly used for heat dissipation in the condensation section;
同时当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，蒸发段吸收的热量用于冷凝段的散热；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口储存热量，包括蓄热材料直接吸收的热水传递来的热量和蒸发段吸收的热量。At the same time, when T3<T3′, the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of the indoor design temperature, the air vents are opened for heat dissipation, and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is used for heat dissipation in the condensation section; when T3>T3″, the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum indoor design temperature. Then close the tuyere to store the heat, including the heat transferred from the hot water directly absorbed by the heat storage material and the heat absorbed by the evaporation section.
模式三，相变散热：PLC控制器获得太阳能集热器中的感温探头T1及箱体蓄热区中的感温探头T2的温度数据，当监测到太阳能集热器温度T1＜T1′时，且蓄热区温度T2＞T2′时，PLC控制器控制关闭水泵，关闭闸阀G1、G2、G3，主要利用相变材料储存的热量进行散热，辅助电加热设备处于关闭状态；
同时当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，热量主要来自于蓄热材料蓄存的热量；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口减少热量的散失。At the same time, when T3<T3′, the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of the indoor design temperature, and the air outlet is opened to dissipate heat, and the heat mainly comes from the heat stored by the heat storage material; Then close the tuyere to reduce heat loss.
模式四，电加热散热储热：PLC控制器获得感温探头T1、T2、T3的温度数据，当监测到太阳能集热器温度T1＜T1′、蓄热区温度T2＜T2′，且室内温度T3＜T3′时，循环水泵关闭，启动辅助电加热设备进行散热及储热，当T3＜T3′，室内温度低于室内设计温度最低阈值，打开风口进行散热，热量主要来自于辅助电加热提供的热量；当T3＞T3″，室内温度高于室内设计温度最高阈值，则关闭风口减少热量的散失。Mode 4, electric heating, heat dissipation and heat storage: PLC controller obtains the temperature data of temperature sensing probes T1, T2 and T3. When T3 < T3', the circulating water pump is turned off, and the auxiliary electric heating equipment is started for heat dissipation and heat storage. When T3 < T3', the indoor temperature is lower than the minimum threshold of the indoor design temperature, the air outlet is opened for heat dissipation, and the heat mainly comes from the auxiliary electric heating. When T3>T3″, the indoor temperature is higher than the maximum threshold of indoor design temperature, then close the air outlet to reduce the heat dissipation.
室内设计温度最高阈值和室内设计温度最低阈值可根据实际情况确定，本实施例中分别设置为22℃、18℃。The maximum indoor design temperature threshold and the minimum indoor design temperature threshold can be determined according to actual conditions, and are set to 22° C. and 18° C. respectively in this embodiment.
实施例：以河北石家庄为例，采暖季最冷天最低温度-10℃，最高温度0℃，当天太阳平均辐射照强720W/m2。室内设计温度范围设为18～22℃，相变材料采用水合盐Na2S2O3·5H2O，其熔点为48℃，熔化潜热为201kJ/kg。Example: Taking Shijiazhuang, Hebei as an example, the lowest temperature in the coldest day in the heating season is -10°C, the highest temperature is 0°C, and the average solar radiation intensity on that day is 720W/m 2 . The indoor design temperature range is set to 18-22°C, and the phase change material adopts the hydrated salt Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O, whose melting point is 48° C. and the latent heat of fusion is 201kJ/kg.
在日间有太阳辐射时，如10：00～16：00，太阳辐射强度大于500W/m2。此时太阳能集热器吸收热量，当集热器中的温度大于45℃时，感温探头T1监测到后，传输信号到PLC控制器，启动水泵运行，开启三通阀G1使热水流入第二进水管路，开启闸阀G2，关闭闸阀G3。热水通过箱体加热区，热水热量被脉动热管蒸发段吸收，主要用于冷凝段向室内散热。当集热器中的温度大于48℃时，感温探头T1监测到后，传输信号到PLC控制器，转换三通阀G1使热水流入第一进水管路，开启闸阀G3，关闭闸阀G2。热水先通过箱体蓄热区，热水热量先被相变材料吸收蓄热，被吸收热量的热水温度还能保持在48℃，热水再回流到箱体加热区，此时热水热量被脉动热管蒸发段吸收，再用于冷凝段向室内散热。在上述过程中风口处于开启状态，随着散热器不断向室内散热，室内温度不断升高，当感温探头T3监测到室内温度达到22℃后，PLC控制关闭散热器风口。When there is solar radiation during the day, such as from 10:00 to 16:00, the solar radiation intensity is greater than 500W/m 2 . At this time, the solar collector absorbs heat. When the temperature in the collector is greater than 45°C, after the temperature probe T1 monitors it, it transmits a signal to the PLC controller, starts the water pump, and opens the three-way valve G1 to allow the hot water to flow into the first In the second water inlet pipeline, open the gate valve G2 and close the gate valve G3. The hot water passes through the heating area of the box, and the heat of the hot water is absorbed by the evaporating section of the pulsating heat pipe, which is mainly used for the cooling section to dissipate heat to the room. When the temperature in the collector is greater than 48°C, after the temperature probe T1 detects it, it transmits a signal to the PLC controller, converts the three-way valve G1 to make the hot water flow into the first water inlet pipeline, opens the gate valve G3, and closes the gate valve G2. The hot water first passes through the heat storage area of the box, the heat of the hot water is first absorbed by the phase change material, and the temperature of the absorbed heat can be kept at 48 °C, and the hot water flows back to the heating area of the box. The heat is absorbed by the evaporating section of the pulsating heat pipe, and then used in the condensing section to dissipate heat into the room. In the above process, the air outlet is in the open state. As the radiator continues to dissipate heat into the room, the indoor temperature continues to rise. When the temperature probe T3 detects that the indoor temperature reaches 22°C, the PLC controls to close the radiator air outlet.
在日间太阳辐射较弱或夜间无太阳辐射时，如16：00～次日10：00，太阳辐射照强度小于500W/m2，当太阳能集热器中的温度逐渐降低，当降低到48℃以下时，感温探头T1监测到后，传输信号到PLC控制器，转换三通阀G1使热水流入第二进水管路，开启闸阀G2，关闭闸阀G3；当降低到45℃以下时，感温探头T1监测到后，传输信号到PLC控制器，关停水泵，关闭闸阀G1、G2、G3。当，感温探头T3监测到室内温度降低到18℃以下后，PLC控制器打开散热器风口，利用相变材料储存的热量进行散热。When the solar radiation is weak during the day or there is no solar radiation at night, such as from 16:00 to 10:00 the next day, the solar radiation intensity is less than 500W/m 2 , when the temperature in the solar collector gradually decreases, and when it decreases to 48 When the temperature is below ℃, after the temperature probe T1 detects it, it transmits a signal to the PLC controller, converts the three-way valve G1 to make the hot water flow into the second water inlet pipeline, opens the gate valve G2, and closes the gate valve G3; when the temperature drops below 45 ℃, After the temperature probe T1 is detected, it transmits a signal to the PLC controller, shuts down the water pump, and closes the gate valves G1, G2, and G3. When the temperature probe T3 detects that the indoor temperature drops below 18°C, the PLC controller opens the radiator air outlet and uses the heat stored by the phase change material to dissipate heat.
当太阳能集热器中的温度低于45℃，箱体蓄热区温度低于48℃且室内温度低于18℃时，启动辅助电加热设备进行加热。当蓄热区温度T2＞T2′时，关闭辅助电加热设备，再继续利用相变材料进行散热。When the temperature in the solar collector is lower than 45°C, the temperature in the heat storage area of the box is lower than 48°C and the indoor temperature is lower than 18°C, the auxiliary electric heating equipment is started for heating. When the temperature of the heat storage area T2>T2', turn off the auxiliary electric heating device, and continue to use the phase change material to dissipate heat.
本发明的梯级蓄供调控方法能够有利于维持室内稳定的恒定，使热量稳定散出，更加舒适。The step-by-step storage and supply regulation method of the present invention can help to maintain a stable and constant indoor environment, so that the heat can be stably dissipated, which is more comfortable.
本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。What is not described in the present invention applies to the prior art.
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