CN112880074B - Active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control - Google Patents
Active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
The invention provides an active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and an intelligent control strategy thereof. The system mainly comprises a solar ventilation wall system integrated with Phase Change Materials (PCM), a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system, a radiation inner wall cold and hot mixing unit and the like. The PCM can effectively store natural cooling energy, can effectively reduce indoor temperature fluctuation by combining with an active PCM radiation inner wall system, and has good comfort performance and energy-saving potential. In addition, in order to ensure the indoor air quality, the system can also provide fresh air for the room in a mixed ventilation mode. The system combines the active cooling technology and the phase change energy storage technology to be beneficial to the heat dissipation of the solar cell, the power generation efficiency is improved, the PCM can collect waste heat generated by the cell for users to use, the output current of the cell can be stabilized, and the service life of the photovoltaic system is prolonged. In addition, the electric energy generated by the system can be stored by the storage battery, and a stable power supply is provided for the equipment operation of the whole system, so that the zero-energy-consumption efficient operation of the system is really realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of phase change energy storage, ventilation technology and solar photovoltaic photo-thermal application, and particularly relates to a novel building integrated system with phase change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling and intelligent control.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of population and the improvement of indoor thermal comfort requirement, the new technology of renewable energy utilization has been paid high attention to the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by the traditional non-renewable energy sources. In the past decades, the utilization of renewable energy has been increasing due to the continuous development of energy saving technology for buildings, and different energy sources, such as solar energy, as well as diversified energy conversion and advanced energy storage technology, have been studied by scientists around the world. However, solar technology is ubiquitous with intermittency and instability in both temporal and spatial distribution. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize renewable energy such as solar energy has become a problem to be solved in the industry.
Because the semiconductor material releases electrons after absorbing photons in sunlight, the photovoltaic cell can directly convert solar radiation into electric energy for building energy management. However, the photovoltaic efficiency is inversely related to the solar cell temperature, and the photovoltaic efficiency will drop by 0.4% for every 1 ℃ increase in the solar cell temperature. Much of the solar radiation that penetrates the photovoltaic panel is discarded in the form of waste heat, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the solar cells resulting in a decrease in photovoltaic efficiency. In order to solve the overheating problem of solar cells and to improve the energy performance of photovoltaic systems, several technical solutions have been studied in the literature, such as photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems and Thermoelectric (TE) technologies. Technical solutions to improve the energy performance of PV/T systems have mainly focused on structural design and operational control. If researchers have proposed a structural design for a photovoltaic power generation system integrated with a roof, from their results, photovoltaic efficiency can be improved to 15% by providing uniform cooling to the cooled photovoltaic system. In addition, ventilation solutions may also be used to mitigate extreme solar cell temperatures. For example, some researchers have investigated the effects of air gap size and forced ventilation on cell temperature and electrical efficiency of photovoltaic modules. According to their results, the output power can be increased by more than 19% when the natural draft flow is increased from 0.5 to 6 m/s. With regard to active cooling technology, many studies are currently focused on cooling media, and compared with air-based photovoltaic cooling systems, water-based photovoltaic cooling systems have effectively improved electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency, and have better energy performance. To reduce the extreme temperatures of solar cells, PCMs may be passively or actively integrated with solar cells due to their large energy storage density. In addition, the PCM may also collect waste heat generated by the solar cells to compensate for intermittent use of household solar energy. From the existing data, active cooling water, ventilation cooling and combination with phase change energy storage technology to improve the efficiency and utilization rate of solar photovoltaic are rarely considered by previous researchers.
The solar ventilation wall and the PCM wall body are used for adjusting the fluctuation of the indoor temperature, and the optimization analysis is carried out on the related structure and the operation strategy, so that the solar ventilation wall and the PCM wall body have the advantages of good energy-saving effect, good comfort performance and great application potential. However, the layered phase change material arrangement for improving the efficiency of the solar ventilation wall and the integration application with the active cooling radiation inner wall system has not been related by researchers, and the combination mode of mixed ventilation and radiation cooling is not considered. Furthermore, there is no mention in the literature of the integration of active photovoltaic cooling systems with PCM solar ventilation walls and radiant cooling interior walls involving different forms of energy, different energy conversion and thermal energy storage.
Aiming at the technical challenge, the invention provides a novel building integrated hybrid power system based on phase-change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling, and provides a technical solution and an intelligent control mode for improving energy performance. The proposed system integrates solar hybrid ventilation, active photovoltaic cooling, photovoltaic power generation, photo-thermal development, radiative cooling, and efficient utilization of PCM systematically. The PCM external wall panel can effectively store natural cooling energy sources such as convection heat exchange of outdoor air and night radiation cooling of the sky and the ground, and the PCM wall panel combined with the active cooling water system can provide radiation cooling, effectively reduce the fluctuation range of indoor temperature, reduce local heat discomfort and have good energy-saving potential. In addition, in order to ensure the quality of indoor air, fresh air can be provided for indoor residents in a mixed ventilation mode. The water-based active cooling technology and the phase change energy storage technology are combined, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved, and the PCM layer can be designed to increase the heat transfer area so as to facilitate the heat dissipation of the solar cell. The waste heat generated by the solar cell will be collected by the PCM and then extracted by the active cooling water for domestic use, which will take full advantage of the PCM's large thermal density characteristics to compensate for the intermittency of solar energy. In addition, the integration of the PCM-based heat reservoir can stabilize the output current of the solar cell, reduce the temperature of the solar cell, and improve the efficiency of the solar cell. The electric quantity generated by the solar photovoltaic system can provide power for the operation of equipment in the whole system, and redundant electric quantity can be stored by the storage battery to be used by a user at other times. In addition, the provided integrated system can provide enough heat and fresh air indoors in winter, so that the indoor thermal environment is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a building integrated system based on phase change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling and intelligent control, aiming at overcoming the problems in the application of the traditional phase change energy storage wall, hybrid ventilation, solar photovoltaic photo-thermal technology and the coupling system thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the integrated system is mainly composed of a PCM-integrated solar ventilation wall system, a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system, a radiation inner wall cold-hot mixing unit and the like. The integrated PCM solar ventilation wall system comprises a glass cover, a wall air duct cavity, a cavity multi-layer PCM unit, an electric roller shutter coated with a high-reflection coating, a wall air inlet/outlet, high-heat-absorption-layer coating, a wall heat-insulation layer and the like; the integrated PCM photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system comprises a glass cover, a solar cell module, a solar cell bottom plate, a roof PCM module, an active cooling water pipe, a roof air duct cavity, a roof heat insulation layer, a roof air inlet, a roof air outlet, a ceiling and the like; the integrated PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system comprises a wall surface body, a heat insulation layer, a PCM wall plate, an inner wall air port, an active cold and hot water pipe and the like; the operation and the start-stop of the integrated system in different modes such as summer daytime (fresh air, cold supply, hot water and power generation), summer night (fresh air and cold supply) and winter daytime (fresh air, heating, hot water and power generation) are controlled by intelligent systems such as a temperature and humidity sensor, a light sensor and each subunit switch controller.
A silent fan is arranged in a cavity at the joint of the upper port of the wall air duct cavity and the roof air duct cavity, so that air in the cavity is driven to flow; and the glass cover corresponding to the lower end of the wall air duct cavity and the wall are respectively provided with an air port and a corresponding air valve.
The electric roller shutter equipment with the high-reflection coating layer is arranged in the cavity of the wall air duct, and the problem of overheating in the cavity in the daytime is solved by shading; the electric roller shutter with the high-reflection coating layer reflects solar radiation in the daytime and does not influence the cold accumulation effect at night.
Three PCM units with different temperatures are arranged at the end, close to the wall, of the wall air duct cavity, and the PCM units are mainly used for enabling air in the cavity to form temperature stratification, and floating force caused by temperature difference can drive air flow in the cavity to flow; the PCM is inorganic water and CaCl salt with better economical efficiency2·6H2O, the phase transition temperatures corresponding to the PCM units from bottom to top are respectively 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃; the PCM unit is packaged by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 6-8 mm, fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container, the distance between the fins is 15-20 mm, the thickness of the fins is 1-2 mm, and the height of the fins is 3-5 mm, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the phase change material is further improved.
The PCM packaging container is coated with the coating of the high absorption layer, so that more sky radiation cold energy is absorbed at night and more solar radiation is absorbed under the condition of winter heating.
The heat insulation plate is arranged between the PCM of the outer wall and the wall body, so that the transfer of cold and heat between the indoor space and the outdoor space is avoided, the indoor thermal environment is more controllable, and the material plate of the heat insulation layer is made of polyurethane and has the thickness of 50 mm.
The solar cell bottom plate is closely attached to the roof PCM module, and the PCM module is internally provided with an active cooling water pipe, so that the temperature rise of the solar cell can be effectively reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is improved; the cooling water pipe can be connected with a domestic hot water system of a user, and can also supply heat to the indoor environment in winter.
The roof PCM module is integrally manufactured by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 8mm-10mm, a groove and a chuck are arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy container, the radian of the groove is consistent with the pipe diameter of the active cooling water pipe, the groove and the active cooling water pipe are tightly combined, and fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container.
The roof ventilation cavity is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and electric air valves corresponding to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air inlet can be opened and closed according to different operation modes; a polyurethane heat-insulating material plate with the thickness of 50mm is arranged at the lower part of the cavity; the heat insulation board is tightly attached to the indoor ceiling, so that the loss of indoor cold and heat and the influence of the external environment on the indoor environment are reduced.
The PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system is formed by coupling an aluminum alloy phase change energy storage module and an active cold and hot water pipe, and the PCM adopted by the phase change energy storage module is inorganic water and CaCl2·6H2O, the active cold and hot water pipe is wrapped in the PCM module and is connected with the solar photovoltaic active cold water pipe and other cold source systems through different pipe networks, so that the effects of indoor radiation refrigeration in summer and radiation heating in winter can be realized; the PCM wall body module can reduce indoor temperature fluctuation and improve indoor thermal comfort.
The outer wall body has good heat insulation performance, the density and the thickness of the outer wall body meet the heat insulation requirements of a used area, and the influence of temperature change on an indoor thermal environment is reduced.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention organically combines a Terambry wall based on phase change energy storage, a roof air duct cavity, solar photovoltaic photo-heat and an active cold and hot water pipe wall radiation system. In summer, PCM outside the cavity of the wall air duct can store cold energy at night, the cold energy is brought into a room in a mechanical ventilation mode, and meanwhile fresh air can be provided for the room; the cooled fresh air is combined with the active cold water pipe inner wall system to actively reduce the indoor temperature in a radiation and convection mode, and the phase change wall body can reduce the fluctuation of the indoor temperature at the same time, so that the comfort level of the indoor environment is improved. In addition, PCM combines with active condenser tube to be applied to the temperature that can effectual reduction panel among the solar photovoltaic system to improve solar cell's generating efficiency, the cooling water after the heat transfer can be regarded as user's life hot water after being heated. In winter, the wall air duct cavity and the roof air duct cavity can absorb heat of solar energy in daytime to form a chimney effect to heat air in the cavity so as to convey fresh hot air indoors, the layered PCM design in the wall air duct cavity can not only more effectively utilize the solar energy, but also form a larger temperature difference in the height direction, further enhance the chimney effect, and reduce the use of devices such as fans. One part of electricity generated by the solar cell can be used for driving power supply equipment in the system, and the other part of electricity can be stored by the storage battery and used by a user at other time, so that zero-energy-consumption operation of the system is really realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a phase change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation, photovoltaic coupled building integrated system;
wherein: 1-inner wall active cold and hot water pipe; 2-air inlet of inner wall; 3-inner wall PCM energy storage plate; 4-lower body of inner wall 1; 5, insulating layer of wall; 6-inner wall upper main body 2; 7-roof ceiling; 8, a roof insulation board; 9-roof air duct cavity; 10-roof active cooling water pipe; 11-roof PCM energy storage panels; 12-solar cell backplane; 13-roof air inlet blast gate; 14-roof air outlet air valve; 15-solar photovoltaic glass; 16-solar cell module; 17-solar cell module cavity; 18-solar cell backplane; 19-a silent fan; 20-air inlet air valve of wall air duct cavity; 21-an electric roller shutter coated with a high-reflection coating; 22-PCM on the upper layer of the air duct cavity of the wall body; 23-wall air duct cavity air inlet air valve; 24-PCM in the middle layer of the air duct cavity of the wall body; 25-high heat absorption coating layer; 26-wall air duct cavity glass cover; 27-PCM in the lower layer of the air duct cavity of the wall body; 28-wall air duct cavity; 29-air inlet air valve of inner wall; 30-wall air duct cavity lower air port air valve; 31-wall air duct cavity outer wall module; 32-temperature sensor in the cavity of the wall air duct; 33-wall air duct cavity solar radiation sensor; 34-indoor temperature sensor.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operation conditions of the integrated system during cooling of the wall and roof cavities in summer and daytime.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the operation conditions of the integrated system during the cooling of fresh air in summer at night and the heating of fresh air in winter.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the operation condition of the integrated system during the summer circulation cooling and the winter circulation heating.
FIG. 5 shows the operation control logic of the integrated system in different modes in summer.
Fig. 6 shows the operation control logic of the integrated system in different modes in winter.
Detailed Description
The integrated system based on phase change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling and the intelligent control strategy are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific implementation mode.
With reference to the attached figure 1:
the integrated system is mainly composed of a PCM-integrated solar ventilation wall system, a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation roof system, a radiation inner wall cold and hot mixing unit and the like. The integrated PCM solar ventilating wall system comprises a wall air duct cavity glass cover 26, a wall air duct cavity 28, a wall air duct cavity upper layer PCM 22, a wall air duct cavity middle layer PCM 24, a wall air duct cavity lower layer PCM 27, an electric roller shutter 21 coated with a high-reflection coating, a wall air duct cavity upper air port air valve 20, a wall air duct cavity middle air port air valve 23, an inner wall air inlet air valve 29, a wall air duct cavity lower air port air valve 30, a high heat absorption layer coating layer 25, a wall heat insulation layer 5 and the like; the integrated PCM photovoltaic/thermal ventilation roof system comprises solar photovoltaic glass 15, a solar cell module 16, a solar cell bottom plate 18, a roof PCM energy storage plate 11, a roof active cooling water pipe 10, a roof air duct cavity 9, a roof heat insulation plate 8, a roof air inlet air valve 13, a roof air outlet air valve 14, a roof ceiling 7 and the like; the integrated PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system comprises an inner wall lower main body 4, an inner wall upper main body 6, a wall heat insulation layer 5, an inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3, an inner wall air inlet 2, an inner wall active cold and hot water pipe 1 and the like; the operation and start-stop of the integrated system in different modes such as summer day, summer night, winter day and the like are controlled by intelligent systems such as a wall air duct cavity inner temperature sensor 32, a wall air duct cavity solar radiation sensor 33, an indoor temperature sensor 34, subunit switch controllers and the like.
A silent fan 19 is arranged in the cavity at the joint of the upper port of the wall air duct cavity 28 and the roof air duct cavity 9, so that the air in the cavity is driven to flow; the wall air duct cavity glass cover 26 corresponding to the lower end of the wall air duct cavity 28 and the wall are respectively provided with an air port and a corresponding air valve.
An electric roller shutter 21 with a high-reflection coating layer is arranged in the cavity of the wall air duct, and the problem of overheating in the cavity in the daytime is solved by shading; the electric roller shutter 21 coated with the high-reflection coating layer reflects solar radiation in the daytime and does not influence the effect of cold accumulation at night.
The inner part of the wall air duct cavity 28 is attached to the upper end, the middle end and the lower end of a wall and is respectively provided with three PCM units with different temperatures, and the corresponding numbers are respectively 22, 24 and 27, so that the temperature of air in the cavity is layered, and the floating force caused by temperature difference can drive the air flow in the cavity to flow; the PCM is inorganic water and CaCl salt with better economical efficiency2·6H2O, the phase transition temperatures corresponding to the PCM units from bottom to top are respectively 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃; the PCM unit is packaged by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 6-8 mm, fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container, the distance between the fins is 15-20 mm, the thickness of the fins is 1-2 mm, and the height of the fins is 3-5 mm, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the phase change material is further improved.
The high heat absorption coating layer 25 is coated on the packaging containers of the upper PCM unit (22), the middle PCM unit (24) and the lower PCM unit (27) of the wall air duct cavity, so that more sky radiation cold energy is absorbed at night and more solar radiation is absorbed under the heating condition in winter.
And a wall heat-insulating layer 5 is arranged between the upper PCM unit (22), the middle PCM unit and the lower PCM unit (24, 27) of the wall air duct cavity and the lower main body (4, 6) of the inner wall, so that the transfer of cold and heat between the indoor space and the outdoor space is avoided, the indoor heat environment is more controllable, and the wall heat-insulating layer 5 is made of polyurethane and has the thickness of 50 mm.
The solar cell bottom plate 18 is closely attached to the roof PCM energy storage plate 11, and the roof PCM energy storage plate 11 is internally provided with the roof active cooling water pipe 10, so that the temperature rise of the solar cell module 16 can be effectively reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module is improved; the roof active cooling water pipe 10 may be connected to a domestic hot water system of a user, and may also provide heat to an indoor environment in winter.
The roof PCM energy storage plate 11 is integrally manufactured by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 8mm-10mm, a groove and a chuck are arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy container, the radian of the groove is consistent with the diameter of the active cold water pipe, the groove and the active cold water pipe are tightly combined, and fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container.
The roof air duct cavity 9 is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, an electric roof air inlet air valve 13 and a roof air outlet air valve 14 which correspond to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air valves can be opened and closed according to different operation modes; the lower part of the roof air duct cavity 9 is provided with a polyurethane roof insulation board 8 with the thickness of 50 mm; the roof insulation board 8 is tightly attached to the roof ceiling 7, so that the loss of indoor cold and heat and the influence of the external environment on the indoor environment are reduced.
The PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system is formed by coupling an aluminum alloy inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3 and an inner wall active cold and hot water pipe 1, wherein the PCM adopted by the inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3 is inorganic water and CaCl2·6H2The inner wall active cold and hot water pipe 1 is wrapped in the inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3, and the inner wall active cold and hot water pipe 1 is connected with the solar photovoltaic active cold water pipe and other cold source systems through different pipe networks, so that the effects of indoor radiation refrigeration in summer and radiation heating in winter can be realized; the PCM wall body module can reduce indoor temperature fluctuation and improve indoor thermal comfort.
Based on the structural characteristics, the invention can realize the aims of energy conservation and comfort to the greatest extent in summer and winter. With reference to fig. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, specific embodiments of the present invention include:
1) example 1:
in summer, when the monitoring value of the temperature sensor 32 in the air duct cavity 28 of the wall body is larger than that of the indoor temperature sensor 34, the gas in the air duct cavity is not suitable for being delivered indoors. And (3) closing the silent fan 19, closing the roof air inlet valve 13 and the inner wall air inlet air valve 29, and opening the roof air outlet air valve 14, the wall air duct cavity upper air inlet air valve 20, the wall air duct cavity middle air inlet air valve 23 and the wall air duct cavity lower air inlet air valve 30. When the monitoring value of the wall air duct cavity solar radiation sensor 33 is higher than a standard set value, in order to reduce further heating of outdoor solar radiation to the gas in the wall air duct cavity 28, the electric roller shutter 21 coated with the high-reflection coating is opened, so that direct irradiation of solar radiation to upper, middle and lower PCM (22, 24 and 27) in the wall air duct cavity can be avoided, redundant solar radiation is returned to the outdoor, and the heating effect is weakened. The air in the wall air duct cavity 28 and the roof air duct cavity 9 is exhausted to the outside through the wind pulling effect, so that the influence of the heated air in the cavities on the indoor environment and the solar photovoltaic system is reduced.
When the indoor temperature can not satisfy the thermal comfort requirement, the indoor active cooling water pipe network radiation system needs to be opened, the inner wall active cooling water pipe 1 transmits the cold energy to the inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3, one part of the cold energy is stored in the PCM, the other part of the cold energy is transmitted indoors in a cold radiation mode through the inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3, the indoor temperature is reduced, meanwhile, the fluctuation of the indoor temperature can be reduced, and the thermal comfort of the indoor environment is improved.
In order to avoid the situation that the temperature of the solar cell module 16 is too high and the solar radiation is high, the active cooling water circulation system needs to be started, the roof active cooling water pipe 10 transmits the cooling energy to the roof PCM energy storage plate 11, and the cooling energy is transmitted to the solar cell module 16 through the solar cell bottom plate 18, so that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module is improved, and the cooling water can be used as hot water for life of a user or a heat source of other heating equipment after being circularly heated. The electric energy generated by the solar cell module 16 can be used by all the power-demand devices of the integrated system, and the redundant electric energy can be stored by the storage battery and used by the user at other times.
2) Example 2:
at night in summer, when the monitoring value of the temperature sensor 32 in the wall air duct cavity 28 is smaller than the monitoring value of the indoor temperature sensor 34, the air in the wall air duct cavity can provide a cold source indoors and can provide enough fresh air. At the moment, the silent fan 19 is started, the roof air outlet air valve 14, the wall air duct cavity upper air inlet air valve 20, the wall air duct cavity middle air inlet air valve 23 and the inner wall air inlet air valve 29 are closed, the roof air inlet air valve 13 and the wall air duct cavity lower air inlet air valve 30 are opened, and the electric roller shutter 21 coated with the high-reflection coating is closed. Air with lower temperature outdoors at night enters the wall air duct cavity 28 through the lower air inlet air valve 30 of the wall air duct cavity under the driving of the silent fan 19, one part of air with lower temperature enters the room through the roof air inlet air valve 13, and the other part of cold energy is stored in the upper, middle and lower PCM (22, 24 and 27) and the roof PCM energy storage plate 11 in the wall air duct cavity.
When the outdoor environment temperature rises and the air temperature is difficult to meet the requirement of the air supply temperature, the PCM (22, 24 and 27) of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the wall air duct cavity and the PCM energy storage plate 11 of the roof can effectively release the cold energy, thereby further reducing the indoor temperature. At the moment, the roof air outlet air valve 14 and the wall air duct cavity upper, middle and lower air inlet air valves (20, 23, 30) are closed, the roof air inlet air valve 13 and the inner wall air inlet air valve 29 are opened, the electric roller shutter 21 coated with the high-reflection layer is closed, indoor air flows into the wall air duct cavity 28 through the inner wall air inlet 2, after heat exchange with the PCM (22, 24, 27) on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the PCM of the wall air duct cavity and the PCM of the roof 11 in sequence, the air enters the room through the air inlet valve 13 of the roof, after the flowing air is circulated for many times, the cold energy in the PCM (22, 24, 27) of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the cavity of the wall air duct and the PCM energy storage plate 11 of the roof is fully released, namely, when the monitoring value of the temperature sensor 32 in the wall air duct cavity 28 is higher than that of the indoor temperature sensor 34, the roof intake damper 13 is closed and the motorized roller blind 21 coated with a highly reflective coating is opened. When the indoor temperature can not satisfy the thermal comfort requirement, an indoor active capillary network radiation system needs to be opened, so that the indoor temperature is further reduced, and the thermal comfort of the indoor environment is improved.
3) Example 3:
in winter, when the monitoring value of the wall air duct cavity solar radiation sensor 33 is higher than the standard set value in winter, solar radiation heats air in the wall air duct cavity 28, when the monitoring value of the wall air duct cavity 28 temperature sensor 32 is higher than the monitoring value of the indoor temperature sensor 34, the roof air outlet air valve 14, the wall air duct cavity upper, middle and lower air outlet air valves (20, 23, 30) are closed, the roof air inlet air valve 13 and the inner wall air inlet air valve 29 are opened, the electric roller shutter 21 coated with the high-reflection coating is closed, and after being heated in the wall air duct cavity 28 and the roof air duct cavity 9, outdoor cold air is sent into a room through the roof air inlet air valve 13 under the effect of the hot-pressing air-drawing effect in the cavity, so that the requirements of indoor fresh air and heat comfort are met. Meanwhile, the redundant heat is stored in the PCM (22, 24, 27) on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the wall air duct cavity and the PCM energy storage plate 11 on the roof.
When the outdoor solar radiation is insufficient, the monitoring value of the temperature sensor 32 in the wall air duct cavity 28 is still higher than the monitoring value of the indoor temperature sensor 34, the roof air outlet air valve 14, the wall air duct cavity upper, middle and lower air valves (20, 23 and 30) are closed, the roof air inlet air valve 13 and the inner wall air inlet air valve 29 are opened, the electric roller shutter 21 coated with the high-reflection coating is closed, the indoor air enters the wall air duct cavity 28 through the inner wall air inlet 2 and the inner wall air inlet air valve 29, under the action of the hot-pressing draught effect, the circularly flowing air exchanges heat with the upper, middle and lower PCM (22, 24 and 27) and the roof PCM energy storage plate 11 in the wall air duct cavity, the flowing air is heated by the heat released by the PCM, and the heated air enters the room through the roof air inlet air valve 13, so that a certain amount of heat is provided for the room. When the monitoring value of the temperature sensor 32 in the wall air duct cavity 28 is lower than the monitoring value of the indoor temperature sensor 34, the roof air inlet air valve 13 is closed.
And when the solar radiation meets a set value, the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system is started. The solar photo-thermal system can generate hot water, one part of the generated hot water is used as domestic hot water, the other part of the generated hot water can be conveyed to the inner wall active cold and hot water pipe 1, the inner wall active cold and hot water pipe 1 transmits heat to the inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3, one part of heat is stored in the PCM, the other part of heat is transmitted indoors in a heat radiation mode through the inner wall PCM energy storage plate 3, the indoor temperature is improved, meanwhile, the fluctuation of the indoor temperature can be reduced, and the indoor environment thermal comfort is improved. Meanwhile, the electric energy generated by the solar cell module 16 can be used by all the power-requiring devices of the integrated system, and the redundant electric energy can be stored by the storage battery and used by the user at other times, so that the zero-energy-consumption operation of the proposed integrated system is really realized.
The foregoing description of the words and drawings merely illustrate the structure of certain embodiments of typical examples of this invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Claims (5)
1. An active cooling and solar energy mixed ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and an intelligent control strategy, wherein the system mainly comprises a PCM (pulse code modulation) -integrated solar ventilation wall system, a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation roof system, a radiation inner wall cold and hot mixing unit and the like; the integrated PCM solar ventilation wall system comprises a glass cover, a wall air duct cavity, a cavity multi-layer PCM unit, an automatic roller shutter coated with a high-reflection coating, a wall air inlet/outlet, high-heat-absorption layer coating, a wall heat-insulation layer and the like; the integrated PCM photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system comprises a glass cover, a solar cell module, a phase-change material layer, a roof active cooling water pipe, a roof air duct cavity, a roof heat-insulating layer, a roof air inlet, a roof air outlet, a ceiling and the like; the upper port of the wall air duct cavity is connected with the roof air duct cavity; the integrated PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system comprises a wall surface body, a heat insulation layer, a PCM wall plate, an inner wall air port, an inner wall active cold and hot water pipe and the like; the integrated system has fresh air, cooling, hot water and power generation modes in summer and daytime, has fresh air and cooling modes in summer and night, has fresh air, heating, hot water and power generation modes in winter and daytime, and the operation and the start and stop in different modes are controlled by intelligent systems such as temperature and humidity sensors, light sensation sensors and all subunit switch controllers.
2. The phase-change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy of claim 1, wherein: a silent fan is arranged in a cavity at the joint of the upper port of the wall air duct cavity and the roof air duct cavity, and an air port and a corresponding air valve are respectively arranged on the glass cover corresponding to the lower end of the wall air duct cavity and the wall; automatic curtain rolling equipment with a high-reflection coating layer is arranged in the cavity of the wall air duct; three PCM units with different temperatures are arranged at the end, attached to the wall, of the wall air duct cavity, and the PCM packaging container is coated with paint of a high-absorption layer.
3. The phase-change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the solar photovoltaic cell bottom plate is closely attached to the roof PCM module, and an active cooling water pipe is arranged in the PCM module; the cooling water pipe can be connected with domestic hot water or other heating systems of users; the roof ventilation cavity is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and electric air valves corresponding to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air inlet can be opened and closed according to different operation modes; the lower part of the cavity is provided with a polyurethane heat-insulating material plate with the thickness of 50mm, and the heat-insulating plate is tightly attached to an indoor ceiling.
4. The phase-change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system is formed by coupling an aluminum alloy phase change energy storage module and an active cold and hot water pipe, wherein the active cold and hot water pipe is wrapped in the PCM module, and the cold and hot water pipe is connected with a solar photovoltaic active cooling water pipe and other cold and hot source systems through different pipe networks.
5. The active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy based on phase change energy storage of claim 1, the intelligent system control operation strategy of the invention comprises: in summer, PCM outside the cavity of the wall air duct can store cold energy at night, the cold energy is brought into a room in a mechanical ventilation mode, and meanwhile fresh air can be provided for the room; the cooled fresh air is combined with an active cold water pipe network inner wall system, the indoor temperature is actively reduced in a radiation and convection mode, and the phase change wall body can reduce the fluctuation of the indoor temperature, so that the comfort level of the indoor environment is improved; in addition, the PCM and the active cold water pipe network are combined and applied to a solar photovoltaic system, so that the temperature of the battery panel can be effectively reduced, the power generation efficiency of the solar battery is improved, and the cooling water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water or other equipment of a user to provide a heat source after being heated; in winter, the wall air duct cavity and the roof air duct cavity can absorb heat of solar energy in daytime to form a chimney effect to heat air in the cavities so as to convey fresh hot air indoors, and the layered PCM design in the wall air duct cavity can not only more effectively utilize the solar energy, but also form a larger temperature difference in the height direction so as to further enhance the chimney effect and reduce the use of equipment such as a fan; one part of electricity generated by the solar cell can be used for driving power supply equipment in the system, and the other part of electricity can be stored by the storage battery and used by a user at other time, so that zero-energy-consumption operation of the system is really realized.
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| CN115033041B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-03-21 | 清华大学 | Passive room environment regulation and control system and environment regulation and control method |
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