CN218385290U - Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of fuel cell - Google Patents
Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN218385290U CN218385290U CN202221829706.5U CN202221829706U CN218385290U CN 218385290 U CN218385290 U CN 218385290U CN 202221829706 U CN202221829706 U CN 202221829706U CN 218385290 U CN218385290 U CN 218385290U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of a fuel cell, which comprises a galvanic pile, a cooling liquid pump, a radiator, a phase-change hot end, a phase-change cold end and a phase-change material liquid storage tank; the electric pile cooling liquid outlet is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of a cooling liquid pump, a cooling liquid outlet of the cooling liquid pump is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of a radiator, a cooling liquid outlet of the radiator is connected with a primary side inlet of the phase-change hot end, and a primary side outlet of the phase-change hot end is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the electric pile to form cooling liquid circulation of the fuel cell; and the outlet of the phase-change material storage tank is connected with the inlet of the secondary side of the phase-change hot end to form a phase-change material cooling circulation. The utility model discloses a galvanic pile thermal management system combines the heat dispersion requirement to improve, utilizes phase change material latent heat to increase the heat-sinking capability by a wide margin, combines phase change material heat exchanger performance to strengthen the heat dissipation, improves fuel cell's working property under high temperature, high-altitude, dry adverse circumstances.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cell, especially, relate to a heat dissipation system is reinforceed in fuel cell phase transition.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell has the advantages of high energy density, low noise and zero emission, and the product is only water, so the hydrogen fuel cell is considered to be the best mode for utilizing hydrogen energy. Among them, proton Exchange Membrane Fuel (PEMFC) has become a research focus due to its advantages of low working temperature, fast start, high power density, convenient modularization and the like, and is the most widely Fuel Cell in the current application field.
Reliability and durability are always important factors for restricting further application and commercialization of the PEMFC, and thermal management is regarded as an important influence factor for performance and durability of the fuel cell, wherein heat dissipation is a main challenge facing high-power operation in a high-temperature environment, particularly, heat dissipation capacity often cannot meet requirements under high-temperature, high-altitude and dry severe environments, and the heat dissipation parasitic energy consumption is high, so that the performance of the fuel cell is poor and the operation efficiency is low.
For a high-power water-cooled fuel cell system, a liquid cooling heat dissipation mode is generally adopted, and heat generated by a galvanic pile is taken out through liquid cooling working media such as deionized water, glycol solution, nano fluid containing nano particles, phase-change materials and the like, and then released to the external environment or utilized. The existing phase-change material cooling is to take a liquid phase-change material with a boiling point close to the normal working temperature of the galvanic pile as a cooling working medium, introduce the liquid phase-change material into a galvanic pile cooling flow channel, and realize the purpose of heat dissipation by utilizing the phase-change heat absorption principle and the galvanic pile heat exchange. In addition, the heat pipe technology is also applied to heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack, and in the prior art, the hot end of the heat reducing pipe is integrated in the stack through a special process to realize heat dissipation of the stack.
However, the existing phase-change material is directly used as a cooling working medium to be cooled, phase change occurs, the heat conductivity coefficient and pressure balance can be influenced, and even the design of the expansion water tank is difficult; the hot end of the existing heat pipe technology is integrated in the galvanic pile, the galvanic pile structure is changed, the volume and the weight of the galvanic pile are increased, and the problems of cooling liquid sealing and solid-solid heat conduction difficulty caused by the contact of the heat pipe and the galvanic pile are solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the not enough of prior art method, the utility model discloses a purpose is in proposing a fuel cell phase transition and strengthening cooling system, combines the heat dispersion requirement to improve through fuel cell pile system, utilizes phase change material latent heat to increase the heat-sinking capability by a wide margin, combines phase change material heat exchanger performance to strengthen the heat dissipation, improves fuel cell at high temperature, high-altitude, the working property under the dry adverse circumstances.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: a phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of a fuel cell comprises a fuel cell stack, a cooling liquid pump, a radiator, a phase-change hot end, a phase-change cold end and a phase-change material liquid storage tank;
the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the cooling liquid pump, the cooling liquid outlet of the cooling liquid pump is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, the cooling liquid outlet of the radiator is connected with the primary side inlet of the phase-change hot end, and the primary side outlet of the phase-change hot end is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack to form a cooling liquid circulation of the fuel cell;
and the outlet of the phase-change material liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the phase-change hot end secondary side to form a phase-change material cooling circulation.
The water recycling device comprises a water recycling device, a water recycling device and a water spraying device, wherein an inlet of the water recycling device is connected with a water outlet of the fuel cell stack, an outlet of the water recycling device is connected with an inlet of the water spraying device, and water mist generated by the water spraying device is sent to an inlet of an air flow passage of the radiator.
Furthermore, a bypass with a bypass valve I is arranged between the outlet of the cooling liquid pump and the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
Furthermore, a bypass with a bypass valve II is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the radiator.
Further, an outlet of the phase-change material liquid storage tank is connected with an inlet of the secondary side of the phase-change hot end through an adjusting valve.
Further, a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is provided with a temperature sensor T1, an inlet of the fuel cell stack is provided with a temperature sensor T2, and an outlet of the phase-change cold end is provided with a temperature sensor T3.
The system further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is connected with a temperature sensor T1, a temperature sensor T2, a temperature sensor T3, a bypass valve I, a bypass valve II, a regulating valve, a cooling liquid pump, a radiator, a wastewater recovery device and a spraying device for information interaction; and the controller receives the acquisition signals of the temperature sensor T1, the temperature sensor T2 and the temperature sensor T3 to control the working conditions of the bypass valve I, the bypass valve II, the regulating valve, the cooling liquid pump, the radiator, the waste water recovery device and the spraying device.
The phase-change material storage tank is arranged between the phase-change material storage tank and the phase-change material storage tank, the phase-change material in the phase-change hot end is heated by cooling liquid to change phase, flows to the phase-change cold end to be cooled and then is changed into a liquid state, and flows back to the phase-change material storage tank and the phase-change hot end by self gravity to form phase-change material cooling circulation.
Further, the cold end of the phase change utilizes natural cooling, windward effect cooling, fan forced cooling or air conditioner exhaust cooling to realize cold end heat dissipation.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
the utility model discloses make full use of fuel cell heat management topological structure improves, realizes the material and realizes the comprehensive utilization of energy material, improves the whole energy utilization of fuel cell. The split heat pipe is formed by introducing the phase-change material in a circulating manner, the higher heat exchange efficiency of the heat pipe and the phase-change latent heat of the phase-change material are fully utilized, the heat dissipation capability can be greatly enhanced, and the working performance of the fuel cell in high-temperature, high-altitude and dry severe environments is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top schematic view of a phase change enhanced heat dissipation system of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control connection of the phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of the fuel cell of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system for a fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack, a coolant pump, a heat sink, a phase-change hot end, a phase-change cold end, and a phase-change material storage tank;
the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the cooling liquid pump, the cooling liquid outlet of the cooling liquid pump is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, the cooling liquid outlet of the radiator is connected with the primary side inlet of the phase-change hot end, and the primary side outlet of the phase-change hot end is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack to form a cooling liquid circulation of the fuel cell;
and the outlet of the phase-change material liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the phase-change hot end secondary side to form a phase-change material cooling circulation.
As an optimization scheme 1 of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell stack water recycling system further comprises a spraying device and a water recycling device, wherein an inlet of the water recycling device is connected with a water discharge port of the fuel cell stack, an outlet of the water recycling device is connected with an inlet of the spraying device, and water mist generated by the spraying device is sent to an inlet of the air flow channel of the radiator.
The water recovery device works with the fuel cell stack, and tail gas and waste water generated in the fuel cell stack are treated and stored by the water recovery device and are used for spray cooling by the spraying device when needed.
The atomized water has better cooling effect due to latent heat of vaporization, and the air humidity in the radiator core is increased to increase the specific heat, so that the performance of the radiator can be improved, the parasitic loss of the radiator can be reduced, and the working noise of the radiator can be reduced.
As a preferred embodiment 2 of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a bypass with a bypass valve i (M1) is provided between the outlet of the coolant pump and the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
And a bypass with a bypass valve II (M2) is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the radiator.
The outlet of the phase-change material liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the secondary side of the phase-change hot end through an adjusting valve (M3).
The outlet of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid is provided with a temperature sensor T1, the inlet of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid is provided with a temperature sensor T2, and the outlet of the phase-change cold end is provided with a temperature sensor T3.
The controller is connected with a temperature sensor T1, a temperature sensor T2, a temperature sensor T3, a bypass valve I, a bypass valve II, a regulating valve, a cooling liquid pump, a radiator, a waste water recovery device and a spraying device for information interaction; and the controller receives the acquisition signals of the temperature sensor T1, the temperature sensor T2 and the temperature sensor T3 to control the working conditions of the bypass valve I, the bypass valve II, the regulating valve, the cooling liquid pump, the radiator, the waste water recovery device and the spraying device.
The control strategy controls the bypass valve I, the bypass valve II, the regulating valve, the cooling liquid pump, the radiator and the spraying device through the controller, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack meets the requirement.
As an optimization scheme 3 of the above embodiment, the phase-change hot end is arranged at a low position, the phase-change cold end is arranged at a high position, the phase-change material storage tank is arranged between the phase-change material storage tank and the phase-change material storage tank, and the phase-change material in the phase-change hot end is heated by the cooling liquid to change phase, flows to the phase-change cold end to be cooled and changed into a liquid state, and flows back to the phase-change material storage tank and the phase-change hot end by self gravity to form a phase-change material cooling cycle.
And the cold end of the phase change is cooled by utilizing natural cooling, windward effect cooling or forced cooling of a fan, so that the heat dissipation of the cold end is realized.
The phase-change cold end can be self-regulated, so that the temperature of a port C of the phase-change cold end is lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material;
for better understanding, the utility model discloses, following is to the theory of operation of the utility model make a complete description:
the cooling liquid pump drives the fuel cell cooling liquid to take away the heat of the electric pile, and the cooling liquid flows into the phase-change hot end through the bypass valve and the radiator branch and then flows back to the electric pile; the phase-change material in the phase-change material liquid storage tank flows into the secondary side of the phase-change hot end through the regulating valve M3 to exchange heat with the primary side cooling liquid, flows into the phase-change cold end after phase change vaporization, is cooled under the action of natural air, windward effect, fan and waste air exhaust of an air conditioner, and then flows back to the liquid storage tank to carry out next circulation.
In the process of starting and stopping the fuel cell system, when the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet sides of the fuel cell stack is lower than the rated working temperature of the fuel cell, the cooling liquid pump is started, the bypass valve I is opened, the cooling liquid flows back to the stack through the bypass valve I, the cooling liquid does not pass through a radiator and phase change heat exchange, and the system does not dissipate heat, so that the stack can be started and stopped more efficiently.
After the fuel cell stack reaches the normal working temperature, the bypass valve I is closed, the bypass valve II and the regulating valve are opened, the cooling liquid flows through the phase-change hot end through the bypass of the bypass valve II, and the phase-change material in the phase-change material liquid storage tank flows to the phase-change hot end through the regulating valve M3 and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid on the primary side of the phase-change hot end. And the opening of the regulating valve M3 is regulated, so that more cooling liquid and phase-change material flow to the heat exchanger, the heat exchange capacity of the system is enhanced, and the matching of the flow of the phase-change material and the flow of the cooling liquid on the primary side of the phase-change hot end HE is ensured within a reasonable range.
When the passive heat exchange capacity reaches a certain degree, namely the opening of the regulating valve is fixed, the opening of the bypass valve II needs to be reduced, so that more cooling liquid flows through the radiator to perform active heat dissipation. When the temperature of the outlet side of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid rises, the rotating speed of a fan of the radiator is increased to improve the heat dissipation capacity; and when the temperature of the outlet side of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid is reduced, the rotating speed of a fan of the radiator is reduced.
The control mode is based on water circulation, a split type heat pipe which takes the phase-change material as the working medium is adopted as a passive heat dissipation mode, the heat dissipation capacity of the galvanic pile is enhanced, the cooling capacity of the control mode is related to the latent heat of vaporization of water and the phase-change material, and the parasitic loss of the system can be reduced by the passive heat dissipation auxiliary galvanic pile.
The foregoing shows and describes the basic principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that the foregoing embodiments and descriptions are provided only to illustrate the principles of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a fuel cell stack, a cooling liquid pump, a radiator, a phase-change hot end, a phase-change cold end and a phase-change material liquid storage tank;
the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the cooling liquid pump, the cooling liquid outlet of the cooling liquid pump is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, the cooling liquid outlet of the radiator is connected with the primary side inlet of the phase-change hot end, and the primary side outlet of the phase-change hot end is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack to form fuel cell cooling liquid circulation;
and the outlet of the phase-change material liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the phase-change hot end secondary side to form a phase-change material cooling circulation.
2. The phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system for fuel cells as recited in claim 1, further comprising a spraying device and a water recycling device, wherein an inlet of the water recycling device is connected to a water outlet of the fuel cell stack, an outlet of the water recycling device is connected to an inlet of the spraying device, and the water mist generated by the spraying device is sent to an inlet of the air flow passage of the radiator.
3. The phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system for fuel cells according to claim 2, wherein a bypass with a bypass valve i is arranged between the outlet of the cooling liquid pump and the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
4. The phase change enhanced heat dissipation system of claim 3, wherein a bypass with a bypass valve II is disposed between the inlet and the outlet of the heat sink.
5. The phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of claim 4, wherein the outlet of the phase-change material storage tank is connected to the inlet of the secondary side of the phase-change hot end through an adjusting valve.
6. The system for enhancing heat dissipation of phase change of fuel cell of claim 5, wherein the outlet of the fuel cell stack coolant is provided with a temperature sensor T1, the inlet is provided with a temperature sensor T2, and the outlet of the phase change cold end is provided with a temperature sensor T3.
7. The system for phase change enhanced heat dissipation of a fuel cell according to claim 6, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is connected with the temperature sensor T1, the temperature sensor T2, the temperature sensor T3, the bypass valve I, the bypass valve II, the regulating valve, the coolant pump, the radiator, the waste water recovery device and the spraying device for information interaction; and the controller receives the acquisition signals of the temperature sensor T1, the temperature sensor T2 and the temperature sensor T3 to control the working conditions of the bypass valve I, the bypass valve II, the regulating valve, the cooling liquid pump, the radiator, the waste water recovery device and the spraying device.
8. The phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of a fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the phase-change hot end is disposed at a lower position, the phase-change cold end is disposed at a higher position, the phase-change material storage tank is disposed therebetween, the phase-change material in the phase-change hot end is heated by the cooling liquid to change phase, flows to the phase-change cold end to change into a liquid state after being cooled and cooled, and flows back to the phase-change material storage tank and the phase-change hot end by its own gravity to form a phase-change material cooling cycle.
9. The phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of the fuel cell as recited in claim 1 or 8, wherein the cold end of the phase change utilizes natural cooling, windward effect cooling, forced cooling by a fan or waste air exhaust cooling of an air conditioner to realize cold end heat dissipation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221829706.5U CN218385290U (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2022-07-15 | Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202221829706.5U CN218385290U (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2022-07-15 | Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation system of fuel cell |
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| CN218385290U true CN218385290U (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115064726A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-16 | 西南交通大学 | Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation method for fuel cell |
| CN117393797A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-01-12 | 西南交通大学 | Fuel cell stack cooling system and control method |
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2022
- 2022-07-15 CN CN202221829706.5U patent/CN218385290U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115064726A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-16 | 西南交通大学 | Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation method for fuel cell |
| CN115064726B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-03-08 | 西南交通大学 | Phase change reinforced heat dissipation method for fuel cell |
| CN117393797A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-01-12 | 西南交通大学 | Fuel cell stack cooling system and control method |
| CN117393797B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-10-01 | 西南交通大学 | Fuel cell stack cooling system and control method |
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