CN215644590U - Hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system for fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system for a fuel cell, and belongs to the field of fuel cells. The utility model comprises an electric pile, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pipeline, a hydrogen outlet pipeline, a cooling liquid outlet pipeline, a hydrogen control valve and a heat exchange device, wherein the electric pile is provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a cooling liquid outlet, the hydrogen inlet pipeline is connected to the hydrogen inlet from the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipeline from the hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen control valve is arranged at the joint of the hydrogen inlet pipeline and the heat exchange device, the heat exchange device is arranged in the cooling liquid outlet pipeline, and the hydrogen inlet pipeline is selectively communicated with the heat exchange device through the hydrogen control valve. According to the utility model, the gas from the hydrogen storage device is subjected to efficient heat exchange through the serpentine pipe section of the heat exchange device, so that the heat exchange efficiency is obviously improved, no additional complex device is added, the space and the weight of the engine in the practical application process are saved, and the performance parameters of the system are improved.

Description

Hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system for fuel cell

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system of a fuel cell.

Background

With the development of hydrogen fuel cell technology, higher requirements are provided for the hydrogen supply technology of a fuel cell engine, in the prior art, liquid water cannot exist in the whole process of requiring hydrogen to enter the fuel cell engine, and meanwhile, certain mixed humidity is required to achieve a better reaction effect. In winter, the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen bottle is low temperature gas, and when the hydrogen gas is mixed with the humid heat gas from the hydrogen circulation path of the fuel cell, condensed water is generated, so that in order to avoid the problem, the hydrogen gas supplied by the hydrogen bottle needs to be treated, the temperature of the hydrogen gas is increased, and the condition that the generated condensed water enters the galvanic pile to damage the engine is avoided.

In the prior art, a heat preservation device and a heating device are provided in the CN112582642A patent, wherein a heat preservation unit is arranged between a cooling liquid outlet pipeline and a hydrogen outlet pipeline, and is used for preserving heat of hydrogen in the hydrogen outlet pipeline by using cooling liquid in the cooling liquid outlet pipeline; the heating unit is arranged between the cooling liquid outlet pipeline and the hydrogen inlet pipeline and heats the hydrogen of the hydrogen inlet pipeline by using the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid outlet pipeline. The system utilizes the waste heat of the cooling liquid to heat and heat the hydrogen path, thereby reducing the additional parts of the system and the additional power consumption of the system; and the flow of the cooling liquid can be adjusted through the three-way adjusting valve, so that the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen at the inlet of the fuel cell stack are controlled, and the requirements on the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen at the inlet under different fuel cell stacks and different working conditions are met. In the CN112713285A patent, one side of fuel cell is provided with hydrogen heating dehumidification mechanism, and the opposite side is provided with oxygen heating dehumidification mechanism, the inlet end of hydrogen heating dehumidification mechanism is provided with the hydrogen pipe, and the end of giving vent to anger of heating dehumidification mechanism is provided with the hydrogen intake pipe, and the intermediate position department of hydrogen intake pipe is provided with the hydrogen backward flow valve, and one side sealing connection of hydrogen backward flow valve has the hydrogen back flow, and the inlet end of oxygen heating dehumidification mechanism is provided with the oxygen pipe, and the end of giving vent to anger of oxygen heating dehumidification mechanism is provided with the oxygen intake pipe, and one side of hydrogen cell below is provided with heat absorption mechanism. The purpose of reaching the standard of the temperature and the humidity is achieved by jointly regulating and controlling the temperature and the humidity. The fuel cell system in the CN112713286A patent includes the pile, positive pole gas mixture cavity and coolant liquid cavity, heat transfer device includes first heat exchange unit and second heat exchange unit, first heat exchange unit is located positive pole gas mixture cavity indoor, the second heat exchange unit is located the coolant liquid cavity indoor, the second heat exchange unit can carry out the heat transfer with the high temperature coolant liquid that comes out in the pile, and pass to first heat exchange unit with the heat, and then first heat exchange unit can heat the hydrogen gas mixture before getting into the pile. The temperature of the hydrogen mixed gas before the anode of the fuel cell enters the galvanic pile is close to the proper temperature of the system, and the risk that excessive condensed liquid water of the anode hydrogen mixed gas enters the galvanic pile is avoided. And the scheme has high energy utilization rate, does not need an external heat source, optimizes the water heating management mode of the electric pile, integrates the whole heat exchange device with the electric pile end plate, and has compact structure and high space utilization rate. In the patent of CN211320222U, a circulating water inlet pipe is connected between a water outlet of a water pump and a cooling liquid inlet of a galvanic pile; the circulating water outlet pipe is connected between a water return port of the water pump and a cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile; the heat exchanger is arranged on a hydrogen inlet pipe in front of the pile of the electric pile, and the intercooler is arranged on an air inlet pipe in front of the pile of the electric pile and is positioned at the downstream of an air compressor of the air inlet pipe; the water outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a circulating water outlet pipe, and the water return port of the heat exchanger is communicated with the water outlet of the intercooler; and a water return port of the intercooler is communicated with a circulating water inlet pipe. The hydrogen heating water circulation system avoids the problems that the environmental temperature of hydrogen before stacking and air entering the stack have large temperature difference, the reaction efficiency is influenced, and the galvanic pile has adverse effect.

The prior art has the following technical problems:

in CN112582642A, waste heat of the cooling liquid is used to heat and preserve heat of the gas, which is not efficient, and only can regulate and control the temperature, which does not meet the requirement of the fuel cell. Meanwhile, the range is not large aiming at the regulation and control of the flow, and the outlet temperature of the fuel cell is probably increased to damage the engine.

In CN112713285A, by arranging more peripheral devices, such as a heating and dehumidifying mechanism, a hydrogen gas return valve, and a heat absorbing mechanism, for a fuel cell engine, the overall weight and volume are increased, the cost is higher, the arrangement of practical application scenarios is not convenient, and the performance parameters of the engine are also reduced due to the increase of the weight and volume.

In CN112713286A, a heat exchange element and a stack end plate are integrated, so that the structure is simplified, but due to the structural arrangement, hydrogen is always in a heated state, and humidity cannot be regulated, so that the structure is a passive response structure, and in summer or other high-temperature environments, the gas supplied by a hydrogen bottle and the high-temperature heated hydrogen are merged, so that the hydrogen is excessively dry.

In CN211320222U, the overall structure of galvanic pile has carried out the arrangement again, and the mode of thermal cycle changes, and the influence of bringing has improved the complexity of system, has reduced the stability of system, and this utility model can't carry out the regulation and control of temperature, only can have the heating effect, can't satisfy actual humiture regulation and control demand, and this utility model's a starting point is too big in order to avoid the difference in temperature of hydrogen and air simultaneously.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a hydrogen temperature and humidity control system for a fuel cell to solve the above technical problems in the prior art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system which has higher heat exchange efficiency, can effectively increase the temperature of hydrogen and avoid the generation of condensed water in winter.

In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:

the utility model provides a hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system of a fuel cell, which comprises: the hydrogen control valve is arranged at the joint of the hydrogen inlet pipeline and the heat exchange device, the heat exchange device is arranged in the cooling liquid outlet pipeline, and the hydrogen control valve is selectively communicated with the heat exchange device.

Further, the hydrogen control valve is a three-way valve.

Further, the fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulating system further comprises a water circulation outlet, and the water circulation outlet is arranged at the tail end of the cooling liquid outlet pipeline.

Further, the heat exchange device comprises a coil pipe section arranged in the cooling liquid outlet pipeline, and the hydrogen inlet pipeline is communicated with the coil pipe section.

Further, the heat exchange device further comprises a heat exchange hydrogen inlet and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen control valve is arranged at the heat exchange hydrogen outlet, and whether the hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve.

Further, the hydrogen control valve is arranged at the heat exchange hydrogen inlet, and whether hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device or not is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve.

Further, the outer wall of the cooling liquid outlet pipeline is coated with a heating film.

Furthermore, a heating element is arranged in the pipe wall of the cooling liquid outlet pipeline.

Further, the heat exchange device is made of metal materials.

Further, the regulating method of the fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulating system comprises the following steps:

s100: judging whether the current environment temperature can cause the generation of condensed water, if so, entering S200, and if not, entering S500;

s200: closing the hydrogen control valve, preheating the hydrogen, and entering S300;

s300: judging whether the content of the stacking condensate water is higher than a standard, if so, entering S400, and if not, entering S500;

s400: raising the heating temperature;

s500: judging whether the current environment humidity reaches the standard, if so, entering S600, and if not, entering S700;

s600: keeping the opening degree of the hydrogen control valve and keeping the current heating temperature;

s700: the environmental humidity reaches the standard by adjusting the hydrogen control valve.

Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system provided by the utility model heats hydrogen by using high-temperature liquid at the outlet of the water circulation pipeline of the fuel cell engine, the heat exchange structure is integrated with the water circulation pipeline through special design, the design on the original system architecture can be ensured as far as possible, the external outline and additional design of the system are not increased, when the engine works, the high-temperature liquid can heat the low-temperature gas coming out of the hydrogen bottle, and the heating efficiency is high. Under the summer condition, the high-temperature gas that the hydrogen bottle came out also can mix with the high-temperature gas of hydrogen backward flow, causes gaseous too dry, consequently just can close through the three-way valve, makes hydrogen direct mixing, avoids hydrogen reheat, causes hydrogen to cross futilely. In the process of humidity regulation, the humidity is not regulated and controlled in a mode of regulating the hydrogen reflux amount, so that the auxiliary power consumption loss caused by the increase of the reflux amount can be effectively avoided, the negative influence possibly caused by the improvement of the metering ratio on the galvanic pile is also avoided, and the working performance of the galvanic pile is ensured. The utility model effectively adjusts the temperature and humidity of hydrogen entering the reactor by matching the hydrogen control valve with the heat exchange device and adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen control valve under different environmental temperatures; no additional complex parts are needed, the weight and the volume of the system are effectively reduced, and the performance parameters of the system are improved; aiming at the change of the environment, the temperature and the humidity are controlled without regulating water flow, and the galvanic pile is protected while the temperature and the humidity of hydrogen entering the galvanic pile are ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen temperature and humidity control system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for regulating hydrogen temperature and humidity of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1-electric pile; 2-hydrogen inlet line; 3-a hydrogen outlet line; 4-a hydrogen circulation line; 5-coolant outlet line; 6-heat exchange device; 7-a hydrogen storage device; 8-water circulation outlet; 9-hydrogen control valve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment provides a fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation system, which comprises: galvanic pile 1, hydrogen storage device 7, hydrogen inlet pipeline 2, hydrogen outlet pipeline 3, coolant outlet pipeline 5, hydrogen control valve 9 and heat transfer device 6, be provided with the hydrogen entry on galvanic pile 1, hydrogen export and coolant outlet, hydrogen inlet pipeline 2 is connected to the hydrogen entry from hydrogen storage device 7, hydrogen outlet pipeline 3 is from hydrogen exit linkage to hydrogen inlet pipeline 2, hydrogen control valve 9 sets up the junction at hydrogen inlet pipeline 2 and heat transfer device 6, heat transfer device 6 sets up in coolant outlet pipeline 5, and hydrogen inlet pipeline 2 communicates with heat transfer device 6 through hydrogen control valve 9 selectivity.

Specifically, the hydrogen outlet line 3 communicates with the hydrogen inlet line 2 through the hydrogen circulation line 4.

Further, the fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulating system further comprises a water circulation outlet 8, and the water circulation outlet 8 is arranged at the tail end of the cooling liquid outlet pipeline 5.

Alternatively, the hydrogen control valve 9 is a three-way valve. Preferably, the heat exchange means 6 comprise a serpentine section arranged inside the coolant outlet line 5, the hydrogen inlet line 2 being in communication with the serpentine section. The gas from the hydrogen storage device 7 is subjected to efficient heat interaction through the serpentine pipe section of the heat exchange device 6, the heat exchange efficiency is obviously improved, no complex device is additionally added, the space and the weight in the practical application process of the engine are saved, and the performance parameters of the system are improved. The opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve 9 controls the flow direction of the air flow, and the device has a simple structure, is used and has high efficiency. Specifically, the heat exchanger 6 of this embodiment is made of a metal material with good heat conductivity, preferably stainless steel, and has good corrosion resistance.

Further, the heat exchange device 6 of the present embodiment further includes a heat exchange hydrogen inlet and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen control valve 9 is disposed at the heat exchange hydrogen outlet, and whether the hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device 6 is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve 9. In another embodiment, a hydrogen control valve 9 is provided at the heat exchange hydrogen inlet, and whether hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device 6 is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve 9.

Preferably, in order to keep the high-temperature coolant in the coolant outlet pipe 5 at a high temperature, the outer wall of the coolant outlet pipe 5 of the present embodiment is coated with a heating film. In another embodiment, a heating element, such as an electric heating wire, is arranged in the wall of the cooling liquid outlet line 5.

The embodiment also provides a method for regulating and controlling the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen of the fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:

s100: starting;

s200: judging whether the current environment temperature can cause the generation of condensed water, if so, entering S300, and if not, entering S600;

s300: closing the hydrogen control valve 9, preheating the hydrogen, and entering S400;

s400: judging whether the content of the stacking condensate water is higher than a standard, if so, entering S500, and if not, entering S600;

s500: raising the heating temperature;

s600: judging whether the current environment humidity reaches the standard, if so, entering S700, and if not, entering S810;

s700: the opening degree of the hydrogen control valve 9 is maintained, the current heating temperature is maintained, and the process proceeds to S900;

s810: judging whether the current environment humidity is too low, if so, entering S820, and if not, entering S830;

s820: the opening degree of the hydrogen control valve 9 is decreased, and the process proceeds to S600;

s830: the opening degree of the hydrogen control valve 9 is increased, and the process proceeds to S600;

s900: and (6) ending.

The working mode of the hydrogen temperature and humidity control system for the fuel cell provided by the embodiment is as follows:

the heat exchange means 6 in the coolant outlet line 5 can heat the hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen storage means 7 to a temperature such that no liquid water is present in the reactor gas. The three-way valve can realize the switching function, and when the hydrogen storage device is fully opened, hydrogen passes through the hydrogen storage device 7, the hydrogen inlet pipeline 2 and the three-way valve to reach the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile 1; when the three-way valve is fully closed, hydrogen passes through the hydrogen storage device 7, the hydrogen supply pipeline 5, the heat exchange device 6 and the three-way valve to reach the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile 1.

Under the winter condition, the gas in the hydrogen storage device 7 is close to the ambient temperature, the low-temperature gas from the hydrogen storage device 7 is mixed with the high-temperature gas in the hydrogen outlet pipeline 3 to cause the existence of condensed water, in order to avoid the condensed water entering the pile, the low-temperature hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 7 needs to be heated to a certain temperature, the low-temperature gas can be heated through water circulation by closing the three-way valve, then the low-temperature gas is mixed with the high-temperature gas in the hydrogen outlet pipeline 3 and then enters the pile, the temperature and the humidity of the gas entering the pile are adjusted, and the generation of the condensed water is avoided.

Under other conditions such as summer, if gaseous through heat transfer device 6, then can lead to the gas temperature too high, the gas that hydrogen storage device 7 came out again with the gas mixture of hydrogen outlet pipe way 3 after, it continues to rise to pile gas temperature, humidity also can reduce, just this moment need be through opening the three-way valve, let the gaseous mixture of the higher temperature that hydrogen storage device 7 came out directly with hydrogen outlet pipe way 3, avoid the overshoot of temperature and humidity.

The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system that this embodiment provided, the high temperature liquid that utilizes the water circulation way export of fuel cell engine heats hydrogen, and this heat transfer structure is as an organic whole through special design and water circulation pipeline, can guarantee to design on original system architecture as far as, does not increase system's outside profile and extra design, and during the engine work, high temperature liquid just can heat the low temperature gas that comes out from the hydrogen bottle, and heating efficiency is high. Under the summer condition, the high-temperature gas that the hydrogen bottle came out also can mix with the high-temperature gas of hydrogen backward flow, causes gaseous too dry, consequently just can close through the three-way valve, makes hydrogen direct mixing, avoids hydrogen reheat, causes hydrogen to cross futilely. In the process of humidity regulation, the humidity is not regulated and controlled in a mode of regulating the hydrogen reflux amount, so that the power consumption loss of accessories caused by the increase of the reflux amount can be effectively avoided, the negative influence possibly caused to the galvanic pile 1 by the improvement of the metering ratio is also avoided, and the working performance of the galvanic pile 1 is ensured. In the embodiment, the temperature and the humidity of hydrogen entering the reactor are effectively adjusted by matching the hydrogen control valve 9 with the heat exchange device 6 and adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen control valve 9 at different environmental temperatures; no additional complex parts are needed, the weight and the volume of the system are effectively reduced, and the performance parameters of the system are improved; aiming at the change of the environment, the temperature and the humidity are controlled without regulating water flow, and the galvanic pile 1 is protected while the temperature and the humidity of hydrogen entering the galvanic pile are ensured.

It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the utility model. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation system is characterized by comprising: a galvanic pile (1), a hydrogen storage device (7), a hydrogen inlet pipeline (2), a hydrogen outlet pipeline (3), a cooling liquid outlet pipeline (5), a hydrogen control valve (9) and a heat exchange device (6), the galvanic pile (1) is provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a cooling liquid outlet, the hydrogen inlet pipeline (2) is connected to the hydrogen inlet from the hydrogen storage device (7), the hydrogen outlet line (3) is connected from the hydrogen outlet to the hydrogen inlet line (2), the hydrogen control valve (9) is arranged at the joint of the hydrogen inlet pipeline (2) and the heat exchange device (6), the heat exchange device (6) is arranged in the cooling liquid outlet pipeline (5), and the hydrogen inlet pipeline (2) is selectively communicated with the heat exchange device (6) through the hydrogen control valve (9).

2. The fuel cell hydrogen gas temperature-humidity regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen control valve (9) is a three-way valve.

3. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system according to claim 1, further comprising a water circulation outlet (8), wherein the water circulation outlet (8) is arranged at the tail end of the cooling liquid outlet pipeline (5).

4. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange device (6) comprises a serpentine pipe section disposed in the coolant outlet pipe (5), and the hydrogen inlet pipe (2) is in communication with the serpentine pipe section.

5. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange device (6) further comprises a heat exchange hydrogen inlet and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen control valve (9) is arranged at the heat exchange hydrogen outlet, and whether hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device (6) is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve (9).

6. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen control valve (9) is arranged at the heat exchange hydrogen inlet, and whether hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device (6) is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen control valve (9).

7. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation system according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the coolant outlet pipe (5) is coated with a heating film.

8. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that a heating element is arranged in the pipe wall of the cooling liquid outlet pipeline (5).

9. The fuel cell hydrogen temperature and humidity regulation system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange device is made of a metal material.

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