CN108297227A - 一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN108297227A
CN108297227A CN201711482851.4A CN201711482851A CN108297227A CN 108297227 A CN108297227 A CN 108297227A CN 201711482851 A CN201711482851 A CN 201711482851A CN 108297227 A CN108297227 A CN 108297227A
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余中驰
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Guangde Spring Village Bamboo Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：S1、将竹材切段，烘烤，浸泡，清洗，得到预处理竹材；S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；S3、将S2中处理得到的竹材进行热处理，然后烟熏。本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，提高了竹材抗腐朽、抗虫害性能，有效延长竹制品使用寿命，减少竹材损耗。

Description

一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及竹制品技术领域，尤其涉及一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法。
背景技术
竹子，又名竹，为多年生植物，是禾本科的一个分支，主要分布在热带、亚热带至暖温带地区。竹材作为性能优良的天然高分子材料，自古以来就得到了人类的广泛使用，虽然目前许多新材料层出不穷，但竹材以其天然具有的优势在人们生活中依然发挥着重要作用。然而作为生物材料，竹材存在天然缺陷，易被菌、虫等生物侵袭，是竹制品容易出现腐朽，加大了竹制品每年损耗量。因此，提高竹制品抗腐朽、抗虫害性能，对延长其使用寿命，减少竹材损耗，具有实际意义。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，提高了竹材抗腐朽、抗虫害性能，有效延长竹制品使用寿命，减少竹材损耗。
本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，烘烤，浸泡，清洗，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；
S3、将S2中处理得到的竹材进行热处理，然后烟熏。
优选地，S1中，将竹材切段，然后在45-55℃烘烤30-45min，然后升温至60-65℃，烘烤1-2h，再置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡2-3h，先用稀盐酸溶液清洗，后用乙醇溶液清洗，干燥，得到预处理竹材。
优选地，草木灰-石灰水溶液按以下工艺进行制备：按重量份将20-30份生石灰与60-80份清水混合，然后加入6-10份草木灰和1-2份食盐，搅拌草木灰-石灰水溶液。
优选地，S2中，防腐液的原料按重量份包括：石蜡乳液10-20份、酚醛树脂5-10份、纳米凹凸棒土1-3份、中草药提取液6-12份、醋酸酐4-6份、壳聚糖2-4份、海藻酸钠0.5-1.2份、四水八硼酸钠0.5-1份、铜唑0.2-0.5份、去离子水100-150份。
优选地，中草药提取液的原料按重量份包括：樟脑3-6份、使君子2-5份、银杏叶2-5份、苦楝叶2-5份、龙胆草2-4份、鱼腥草1-3份、薄荷1-3份。
优选地，S2中，真空度为-0.075～-0.06MPa。
优选地，S2中，浸渍处理温度为45-52℃，浸渍处理时间为45-65min。
优选地，S3中，热处理具体工艺如下：将将S2中处理得到的竹材置于30-35℃，保温30-40min，然后以1-2℃/min的升温速率升温至48-55℃，保温2-3h，再以1-2℃/min的升温速率升温至70-75℃，保温5-10min，空冷至室温。
本发明中先将竹材切段，烘烤，消除竹制品本身带有的病菌及虫卵，使竹材外表皮迅速干燥且使其部分炭化以及淀粉和其它糖类分解，使竹材减少腐朽菌及害虫所需养分，有效避免虫蛀及霉变现象，再通过置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡，采用稀盐酸溶液和乙醇溶液清洗，进一步消除竹制品本身带有的病菌及虫卵，同时活化竹材表面，使竹材表面疏松，易于防腐液中有益成分进入竹材组织；浸渍处理过程中，选用的防腐液中石蜡乳液、酚醛树脂、纳米凹凸棒土、中草药提取液、醋酸酐、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、四水八硼酸钠和铜唑相互配合，分散性与相容性好，具有杀菌谱广、抗流失性与长效性好，能有效阻碍有害菌代谢，通过真空加压，防腐液中有益成分均匀渗入竹材表面，其固着率高，抗流失效果好，有效隔断有害菌营养源，使竹材内部环境不再适合腐朽菌及虫蚁生存，同时还有效提高竹材阻燃与耐候性，且竹材中亲水的羧基被疏水的乙酰基与氨基所置换，提高竹材抗菌防蛀及尺寸稳定性，从而进一步提高竹制品使用寿命；再通过优化热处理，合理选用加热温度及保温时间，使渗入竹材的防腐液性能稳定，防腐防蛀效果持久，同时降低竹材吸湿性及有效提高竹材尺寸稳定性，再经烟熏，在竹材表面覆盖一层碳质保护膜以隔断空气，有效保护渗入竹材组织中防腐液成分，同时降低竹材含水率，进一步提高竹材尺寸稳定性，有效延长竹制品使用寿命。本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，提高了竹材抗腐朽、抗虫害性能，有效延长竹制品使用寿命，减少竹材损耗。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，烘烤，浸泡，清洗，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；
S3、将S2中处理得到的竹材进行热处理，然后烟熏。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，然后在45℃烘烤45min，然后升温至60℃，烘烤2h，再置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡2h，先用稀盐酸溶液清洗，后用乙醇溶液清洗，干燥，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；其中，真空度为-0.075MPa，浸渍处理温度为52℃，浸渍处理时间为45min；
S3、将将S2中处理得到的竹材置于30℃，保温40min，然后以1℃/min的升温速率升温至55℃，保温2h，再以2℃/min的升温速率升温至75℃，保温5min，空冷至室温，然后烟熏。
其中，草木灰-石灰水溶液按以下工艺进行制备：按重量份将20份生石灰与60份清水混合，然后加入6份草木灰和1份食盐，搅拌草木灰-石灰水溶液；
防腐液的原料按重量份包括：石蜡乳液10份、酚醛树脂10份、纳米凹凸棒土1份、中草药提取液6份、醋酸酐4份、壳聚糖2份、海藻酸钠0.5份、四水八硼酸钠1份、铜唑0.2份、去离子水100份；其中，中草药提取液的原料按重量份包括：樟脑6份、使君子2份、银杏叶5份、苦楝叶2份、龙胆草2份、鱼腥草1份、薄荷3份。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，然后在50℃烘烤38min，然后升温至62℃，烘烤1.5h，再置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡2.5h，先用稀盐酸溶液清洗，后用乙醇溶液清洗，干燥，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；其中，真空度为-0.065MPa，浸渍处理温度为50℃，浸渍处理时间为55min；
S3、将将S2中处理得到的竹材置于32℃，保温35min，然后以1.5℃/min的升温速率升温至52℃，保温2.5h，再以1.5℃/min的升温速率升温至72℃，保温8min，空冷至室温，然后烟熏。
其中，草木灰-石灰水溶液按以下工艺进行制备：按重量份将25份生石灰与70份清水混合，然后加入8份草木灰和1.5份食盐，搅拌草木灰-石灰水溶液；
防腐液的原料按重量份包括：石蜡乳液15份、酚醛树脂8份、纳米凹凸棒土2份、中草药提取液10份、醋酸酐5份、壳聚糖3份、海藻酸钠0.8份、四水八硼酸钠0.8份、铜唑0.4份、去离子水120份；其中，中草药提取液的原料按重量份包括：樟脑4份、使君子4份、银杏叶4份、苦楝叶3份、龙胆草3份、鱼腥草2份、薄荷2份。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，然后在55℃烘烤30min，然后升温至65℃，烘烤1h，再置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡3h，先用稀盐酸溶液清洗，后用乙醇溶液清洗，干燥，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；其中，真空度为-0.06MPa，浸渍处理温度为45℃，浸渍处理时间为65min；
S3、将将S2中处理得到的竹材置于35℃，保温30min，然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至48℃，保温3h，再以1℃/min的升温速率升温至70℃，保温10min，空冷至室温，然后烟熏。
其中，草木灰-石灰水溶液按以下工艺进行制备：按重量份将30份生石灰与80份清水混合，然后加入10份草木灰和2份食盐，搅拌草木灰-石灰水溶液；
防腐液的原料按重量份包括：石蜡乳液20份、酚醛树脂5份、纳米凹凸棒土3份、中草药提取液12份、醋酸酐6份、壳聚糖4份、海藻酸钠1.2份、四水八硼酸钠0.5份、铜唑0.5份、去离子水150份；其中，中草药提取液的原料按重量份包括：樟脑3份、使君子5份、银杏叶2份、苦楝叶5份、龙胆草4份、鱼腥草3份、薄荷1份。
实施例5
本发明提出的一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，然后在52℃烘烤35min，然后升温至62℃，烘烤1.6h，再置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡2.5h，先用稀盐酸溶液清洗，后用乙醇溶液清洗，干燥，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；其中，真空度为-0.07MPa，浸渍处理温度为48℃，浸渍处理时间为60min；
S3、将将S2中处理得到的竹材置于32℃，保温38min，然后以1.2℃/min的升温速率升温至50℃，保温2.8h，再以1.2℃/min的升温速率升温至72℃，保温8min，空冷至室温，然后烟熏。
其中，草木灰-石灰水溶液按以下工艺进行制备：按重量份将22份生石灰与78份清水混合，然后加入7份草木灰和1.2份食盐，搅拌草木灰-石灰水溶液；
防腐液的原料按重量份包括：石蜡乳液12份、酚醛树脂8份、纳米凹凸棒土2份、中草药提取液8份、醋酸酐5份、壳聚糖3份、海藻酸钠1份、四水八硼酸钠0.8份、铜唑0.4份、去离子水140份；其中，中草药提取液的原料按重量份包括：樟脑5份、使君子3份、银杏叶5份、苦楝叶3份、龙胆草4份、鱼腥草1份、薄荷3份。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、将竹材切段，烘烤，浸泡，清洗，得到预处理竹材；
S2、将预处理竹材置于防腐液中进行真空加压浸渍处理；
S3、将S2中处理得到的竹材进行热处理，然后烟熏。
2.根据权利要求1所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，S1中，将竹材切段，然后在45-55℃烘烤30-45min，然后升温至60-65℃，烘烤1-2h，再置于草木灰-石灰水溶液中浸泡2-3h，先用稀盐酸溶液清洗，后用乙醇溶液清洗，干燥，得到预处理竹材。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，草木灰-石灰水溶液按以下工艺进行制备：按重量份将20-30份生石灰与60-80份清水混合，然后加入6-10份草木灰和1-2份食盐，搅拌草木灰-石灰水溶液。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，S2中，防腐液的原料按重量份包括：石蜡乳液10-20份、酚醛树脂5-10份、纳米凹凸棒土1-3份、中草药提取液6-12份、醋酸酐4-6份、壳聚糖2-4份、海藻酸钠0.5-1.2份、四水八硼酸钠0.5-1份、铜唑0.2-0.5份、去离子水100-150份。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，中草药提取液的原料按重量份包括：樟脑3-6份、使君子2-5份、银杏叶2-5份、苦楝叶2-5份、龙胆草2-4份、鱼腥草1-3份、薄荷1-3份。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，S2中，真空度为-0.075～-0.06MPa。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，S2中，浸渍处理温度为45-52℃，浸渍处理时间为45-65min。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述防止竹材腐朽的加工方法，其特征在于，S3中，热处理具体工艺如下：将将S2中处理得到的竹材置于30-35℃，保温30-40min，然后以1-2℃/min的升温速率升温至48-55℃，保温2-3h，再以1-2℃/min的升温速率升温至70-75℃，保温5-10min，空冷至室温。
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