CN108295908A - 一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法 - Google Patents
一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical class [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010485 C−C bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLJNHYLEOZPXFW-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-prolinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 VLJNHYLEOZPXFW-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003147 proline derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/50—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
- B01J38/56—Hydrocarbons
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/184—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine mixed aromatic/aliphatic ring systems, e.g. indoline
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- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
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- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
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- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,包括:不对称Aldol反应后分离出固体催化剂ZZnBMMs,将固体催化剂ZZnBMMs置于石油醚中洗涤,经过滤、干燥后得到回收固体催化剂,回收的固体催化剂ZZnBMMs可再次用于不对称Aldol反应。本发明的回收方法具有操作方便,工艺简单等特点;所回收的固体催化剂在不对称Aldol反应中可循环使用6次,产率最高可达92%,ee值68%,dr值82:18,并且保持了载体BMMs有序的双模型介孔结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法。
背景技术
不对称Aldol反应(醛醇缩合反应)被广泛认为是有机合成中最重要、最受欢迎的碳-碳键形成反应之一,已经受到人们的广泛关注。脯氨酸及其衍生物作为均相催化剂在不对称羟醛缩合反应领域具有潜在的应用价值,但使用后产物的纯化过程复杂且分离困难。为此,近年来相继报道了许多有关脯氨酸催化剂的多相化反应体系,其中将其固载化并得到固体催化剂可实现催化剂的循环利用,简化产物的纯化过程。
Dhar等人(Journal of Chemical Sciences,2003,115(5-6):365-372)将脯氨酸衍生物接枝到介孔分子筛(MCM-41)制备出有机-无机杂化催化剂用于丙酮与4-硝基苯甲醛的不对称羟醛缩合反应中,反应结束后过滤固体催化剂分别用水和甲苯充分洗涤,真空干燥后可以循环利用。此方法得到的回收催化剂可重复使用三次且没有显着的活性损失。Yan等人(Chirality,2009,21(4):413-420)将具有两个L-脯氨酸单位的肽负载于二氧化硅上制备出可用于丙酮与芳香醛分子间羟醛缩合反应的催化剂,反应结束后固体催化剂必须通过二氯甲烷,乙醚,乙醇和正己烷等多种溶剂分别洗涤处理后才可以循环使用。Zamboulis等人(Tetrahedron Asymmetry,2009,20(24):2880-2885)等人通过二氧化硅负载L-脯氨酸甲硅烷基化衍生物得到固体催化剂,并应用于对硝基苯甲醛与丙酮的不对称羟醛缩合反应。反应结束后回收固体催化剂的方法是必须经过丙酮和二氯甲烷洗涤,并在真空下干燥2小时后才可循环使用。Monge-Marcet等人(Green Chemistry,2012,14(6):1601-1610)同样采用二氧化硅固载脯氨酰胺后应用于环己酮与4-硝基苯甲醛的不对称羟醛缩合反应中,反应结束后固体催化剂通过乙酸乙酯洗涤干燥后才可循环使用。最近Kong等人(Cheminform,2014,45(3):2422-2433)将L-脯氨酸负载于离子液体功能化的磁性纳米粒子上,从而制备出新型L-脯氨酸固体催化剂(L-proline-IL-SiO2@Fe3O4),并应用于丙酮与芳香醛的不对称羟醛缩合反应中。反应结束后通过外部磁场可以回收固体催化剂,重复使用五次以上而产率与选择性没有明显降低,显示了该类催化剂优异的性能稳定性。
双模型介孔二氧化硅(BMMs)具有较高的比表面积(>700m2/g),较大的孔体积(~3.5cm3/g),以及可控的双模型介孔结构(约3nm的小孔和15-50nm的堆积孔),成为固载化的有效载体之一。Tang等人(Microporous&Mesoporous Materials,2017,260)将联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物(Z)固定在双模型介孔二氧化硅(BMMs)表面制备了一系列催化剂Z-BMMs-n,应用于不对称羟醛缩合反应获得可观的产率及dr值与ee值(ee值表示对映体过剩率,dr值表示非对应异构体的比值),但是该催化剂循环使用两次后产率仅有10%,主要原因可能是由于BMMs介孔表面接枝的活性物Z和Si-OH基团之间存在较弱的相互作用力。
现有专利CN105498839A公开了一种通过共价键和配位方法将活性物Z联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物固定在Zn改性的BMMs介孔表面,从而得到了一种新型非均相手性催化剂(ZZnBMMs),在不对称Aldol反应中显示出较高的催化活性,且简化了反应产物的纯化过程。但是该固体催化剂(ZZnBMMs)的回收过程必须采用丙酮、二氯甲烷等溶剂洗涤干燥后才可循环使用,丙酮、二氯甲烷等溶剂的洗涤过程复杂,且上述洗涤溶剂会溶解联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物(Z),在经过2次以上的重复使用后催化活性急剧下降。
发明内容
针对上述问题中存在的不足之处,本发明提供一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,该回收方法用于回收现有专利CN105498839A所制备的固体催化剂ZZnBMMs。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,包括:
不对称Aldol反应后分离出固体催化剂ZZnBMMs,将固体催化剂ZZnBMMs置于石油醚中洗涤,经过滤、干燥后得到回收固体催化剂,回收的固体催化剂ZZnBMMs可再次用于不对称Aldol反应。
作为本发明的进一步改进,固体催化剂ZZnBMMs的用量与石油醚的用量比为(0.1~0.5g):(2~10mL);
每次洗涤时间3~5分钟,连续洗涤3-5次,洗涤温度为室温。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述干燥为置于50℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明选用石油醚对不对称Aldol反应后分离出的固体催化剂ZZnBMMs进行洗涤,石油醚对附着在固体催化剂ZZnBMMs上反应物和产物的溶解性好,对固体催化剂ZZnBMMs的活性成分Z(联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物)的溶解性差;该回收方法具有操作方便,工艺简单等特点;所回收的固体催化剂在不对称Aldol反应中可循环使用6次,产率最高可达92%,ee值68%,dr值82:18,并且保持了载体BMMs有序的双模型介孔结构。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例公开的采用的石油醚作为溶剂,每次不对称Aldol催化反应结束后回收催化剂的XRD图;
图2为本发明一种实施例公开的采用的石油醚作为溶剂,回收催化剂针对不对称Aldol催化反应循环使用6次后的低温氮气吸脱附曲线和对应的孔径分布图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述:
本发明提供一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,该回收方法主要针对以双模型介孔BMMs为载体,Zn为助剂,Z为活性物种,所制备的固体催化剂(ZZnBMMs)应用于不对称Aldol反应后的回收方法。包括以下步骤:
按照专利CN105498839A所提供的方法得到固体催化剂(ZZnBMMs),并用于不对称Aldol催化反应,反应结束后通过石油醚(沸点60~90℃)充分洗涤,过滤、干燥(所得固体于50℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h)后得到可多次循环使用的固体催化剂。该回收方法具有操作方便,工艺简单等特点,所回收的固体催化剂在不对称Aldol反应中可循环使用6次,产率最高可达92%,ee值68%,dr值82:18,并且保持了载体BMMs有序的双模型介孔结构,如图1所示,图1中分别为回收1~6次后固体催化剂ZZnBMMs的XRD图,根据图1可知,固体催化剂ZZnBMMs使用石油醚回收6次后仍具有介孔结构。
其中,固体催化剂ZZnBMMs是以双模型介孔二氧化硅纳米材料BMMs为载体,通过助剂Zn将活性物种Z固定的BMMs介孔表面。Z为(2S,2'S)-N,N'-([2,2'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二基)双(吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺),即联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物。分子结构式如下:
实施例1:
本发明提供一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,包括:
步骤1、制备催化剂ZZnBMMs
将20.8968g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、832mL去离子水加入到烧杯中混合搅拌至其完全溶解(40℃水浴)。然后快速加入64mL的正硅酸乙酯、19.2mL的氨水(25%)并保持连续搅拌,最终变成白色凝胶,过滤,洗涤,干燥,得到的白色粉末加热至550℃煅烧5h,得到BMMs;
称取0.5g BMMs加入到50mL圆底烧瓶中,在120℃油浴中真空活化3h,然后在N2保护下自然冷却至室温。同时,按Zn/Si摩尔比为1:2称取0.9109g Zn(OAc)2·4H2O,溶于50mL无水甲醇,加入到50mL圆底烧瓶中并在室温下搅拌10h。旋转蒸发所得沉淀物在60℃真空烘箱中干燥。最后将样品用去离子水、无水甲醇反复洗涤,真空干燥得到样品ZnBMMs;
称取0.3g ZnBMMs加入到25mL圆底烧瓶中,在80℃油浴中真空活化3h。在N2保护下自然冷却至室温后,加入2mL溶解0.1012g活性物Z(联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物)的二氯甲烷溶液(其中Z/Zn摩尔比为1:1),混合物在42℃下回流反应12h。反应结束后,将样品离心,洗涤,干燥得到催化剂ZZnBMMs;
步骤2、将ZZnBMMs作为催化剂用于不对称Aldol反应。
具体步骤如下:依次将底物4-硝基苯甲醛(0.047g,0.3mmol),催化剂(ZZnBMMs,Z为20mol%),环己酮(315μL,3mmol)和石油醚(过量),三氟醋酸(2.4μL)加入到反应瓶中,密封,搅拌,反应3天后通过层析分离(洗脱液:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1),得到顺式和反式醛醇缩合产物,产率为92.1%,ee值68%,dr值为82:18(ee值表示对映体过剩率;dr值表示非对应异构体的比值)。同时回收催化剂。
步骤3、选取8mL石油醚(沸点60~90℃)洗涤步骤2得到的回收催化剂(0.4g),在室温下连续洗涤5次后通过离心分离,所得固体在50℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h后再次用于上述步骤2不对称Aldol反应。通过XRD分析确定催化剂载体BMMs的结构是否坍塌,如图1所示。
步骤4、重复步骤2和步骤3得到的可循环ZZnBMMs称重按比例调整反应物的用量再次用于下一次不对称Aldol反应。。如此步骤催化剂可循环使用6次。
催化剂ZZnBMMs循环使用6次后依然保持载体BMMs有序结构特征(图1)和双模型介孔(图2)。
随着循环次数的增加,反应所需的时间延长,循环反应6次后,所需反应时间6天,催化剂的催化性能有所降低(产率40.26%,ee值为18%,dr值为52:48),但是催化剂ZZnBMMs依然保持载体BMMs有序的介孔结构,如图1、2所示,图2表示回收六次催化剂ZZnBMMs仍具有双孔结构。
本发明选用石油醚对不对称Aldol反应后分离出的固体催化剂ZZnBMMs进行洗涤,石油醚对附着在固体催化剂ZZnBMMs上反应物和产物的溶解性好,对固体催化剂ZZnBMMs的活性成分Z(联吡啶脯氨酸衍生物)的溶解性差;该回收方法具有操作方便,工艺简单等特点;所回收的固体催化剂在不对称Aldol反应中可循环使用6次,产率最高可达92%,ee值68%,dr值82:18,并且保持了载体BMMs有序的双模型介孔结构。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,其特征在于,包括:
不对称Aldol反应后分离出固体催化剂ZZnBMMs,将固体催化剂ZZnBMMs置于石油醚中洗涤,经过滤、干燥后得到回收固体催化剂,回收的固体催化剂ZZnBMMs可再次用于不对称Aldol反应。
2.如权利要求1所述的不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,其特征在于优选沸点在60~90℃范围内的石油醚。
3.如权利要求1所述的不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,其特征在于,固体催化剂ZZnBMMs的用量与石油醚的用量比为(0.1~0.5g):(2~10mL);
每次洗涤时间3~5分钟,连续洗涤3-5次,洗涤温度为室温。
4.如权利要求1所述的不对称Aldol反应后固体催化剂的回收方法,其特征在于,所述干燥为置于50℃真空干燥箱中干燥3h。
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