CN108290389A - 碳纤维增强的碳化物-陶瓷复合部件 - Google Patents

碳纤维增强的碳化物-陶瓷复合部件 Download PDF

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CN108290389A
CN108290389A CN201680063147.2A CN201680063147A CN108290389A CN 108290389 A CN108290389 A CN 108290389A CN 201680063147 A CN201680063147 A CN 201680063147A CN 108290389 A CN108290389 A CN 108290389A
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carbon
component
fiber reinforced
fiber
ceramic component
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CN108290389B (zh
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曼弗雷德·哥林
托马斯·普茨
卡尔·英格斯特
安德烈亚斯·费尔滕
西蒙·迪特里希
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SGL Carbon SE
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种陶瓷部件,其包含包埋在陶瓷基质中的由至少两层单向不卷曲碳纤维织物构成的至少一个堆叠体,所述陶瓷基质含有碳化硅和元素硅,其特征在于所述至少一个堆叠体内的所有相邻层彼此直接邻接,所述至少一个堆叠体在与所述层的平面垂直的方向上具有1.5mm的最小厚度,并且所述陶瓷基质基本上渗透整个部件。

Description

碳纤维增强的碳化物-陶瓷复合部件
本发明涉及包含单向碳纤维层的陶瓷部件,所述层在所述部件中一层直接平放或堆叠在另一层之上并形成具有至少1.5mm的高度或厚度的层状堆叠体。本发明还涉及制造所述部件的方法以及所述部件作为用于在高温下处理货物的装载架(Chargiergestell)的用途。
装载架是固化货物例如机器部件或汽车工业部件所需的,例如,在将货物支撑在装载架上并暴露于高温的情况下。这样的装载架的材料要求是:机械负载能力高(刚度和强度),耐高温,和重量轻。依照这些标准的一种完美的材料是碳纤维增强碳。这样的装载架通常由单向碳纤维非纺织物制成,所述非纺织物例如以预浸料的形式,所述预浸料用树脂预先浸渍、彼此层叠、在提高的压力和温度下固化并然后经受热解,固化的树脂转化为碳。
所述单向碳纤维非纺织物在这种情况下(并且也在本发明的背景内)由紧密平放的平行连续碳纤维的连续条构成。一旦已经层叠了多层预浸渍碳纤维非纺织物并且一旦树脂已经固化,就产生了碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP),所述固化树脂形成CFRP的基质。当CFRP通常在大约800℃热解时,所述聚合物基质崩解并且其中所含的挥发性组分逸出。留下碳纤维增强碳(CFRC)。
然而,CFRC装载架的缺点在于它们对氧化敏感并且开放孔隙率高。因此这样的装载架必须在无氧的高温下处理。当用于工业固化炉中在保护性气体气氛或真空下固化装载材料(Chargiergut)例如传动齿轮时,通常就是这种情况。然而,待固化的装载材料通常首先被软加工,例如研磨传动齿轮的齿。然后必须从装载材料中除去残留物例如切削液或洗涤液,并将所述材料干燥。为此,在正常的大气条件下,通过气体火焰将整个装料加热到最高500℃,该过程烧掉了所述杂质。然后将装载材料送入实际的热处理系统中或送入固化炉中。这两种热处理过程中的装载材料优选装载在同一装载架上,因为更换装载架会显著增加加工成本,因在这两个过程之间装载物必须冷却到一定程度、转移然后再加热。
然而,由于CFRC的所述氧化敏感性,在预氧化以及随后的热处理和固化阶段期间连续使用CFRC装载架是不利的。
另外,当在热处理过程结束时冷却装载架和装载材料时,如有必要,将它们最后放入含有流体(例如油)的冷却槽中。与空气冷却相比,此时冷却速率可能更快,然而,冷却介质将渗透装载架材料的开放孔隙。所述介质在紧接的下一个固化周期中被再蒸发,因此对材料具有破坏作用。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种改进的部件,其可用作装载架并且更耐氧化并同时具有高机械负载能力(刚度和强度)、耐高温、重量轻以及开放孔隙率小。
例如,碳化硅(SiC)-陶瓷部件作为耐氧化部件是已知的。它们通常可通过用液体使CFRC成型体硅化、即通过液体硅渗入CFRC来生产。在这种情况下,一些碳与元素硅反应而产生SiC。例如,EP 1 340 733 B1描述了SiC-陶瓷复合材料,其中增强纤维(特别是碳纤维)是单向取向的。在这种情况下,单向增强纤维是单个粗纱束(Roving-Bündel)的形式,彼此有一定距离。CFRP碳化形成CFRC体时形成的孔隙结构对于随后将所述成型体硅化并形成SiC基质至关重要,因为合适的孔隙结构是确保液体硅均匀且充分渗透所述CFRC体的唯一途径(参见EP 1 340 733 B1的第6段)。如果所述增强纤维的粗纱(Roving)是平行取向而不固定在平面内,则碳化粘合剂树脂导致在垂直于纤维取向的方向上不受阻碍地收缩,使得CFRC中的粗纱收缩成彼此靠得非常紧密并且达到以最小的开放孔隙百分率彼此紧挨。这使得液体硅化工艺更加困难,因为与用短纤维或织物增强的CFRC预成形品相比,所述材料内的孔隙体积和毛细管(微通道)分布被不利地改变。根据常规技术,因此至今尚不可能获得用单向纤维(“UD纤维”)增强的C/SiC材料的满意性质(参见EP 1 340 733 B1,第8段)。因此,在EP 1 340 733 B1中所述粗纱束之间的距离对于液体硅能够完全渗入或浸渍CFRC成型体而言是必需的。
DE 10 2007 007 410 A1也描述了SiC-陶瓷复合材料,其中碳纤维是单向取向的。在这种情况下单向碳纤维非纺织物与上述CFRC装载架类似地加工。然而,由于在EP 1 340733 B1中提到的困难,在单向碳纤维非纺织物之间提供了以涂层或纬纱系统(Querfadensystem)形式的特定间隔物,以便能够进行完全液体硅化所述组件的最后阶段。所述间隔物优选在热解期间完全挥发,从而提供在液体硅化过程期间所需的孔隙结构。
然而,EP 1 340 733 B1和DE 10 2007 007 410 A1中的解决方案的不利之处在于,由于在这两种解决方案中提出的粗纱或非纺织物之间的距离,存在未被碳纤维增强的区域,其结果使得所述部件不得不相应地更厚,即更重。
也为此原因,本发明的目的涉及提供一种改进的部件。
在本发明的背景下,已经发现,第一次有可能在某些条件下生产包含单向碳纤维非纺织物的碳化物-陶瓷部件,并且其中所述纤维性非纺织物可以一个在另一个上直接堆叠而完全不用隔开,所述堆叠有可能具有实际上任何期望的厚度。无论密集的单向碳纤维,液体硅都可以完全渗入所述CFRC预成形品。
因此,本发明的目的是通过提供一种陶瓷部件来实现的,所述陶瓷部件包含包埋在陶瓷基质中的由至少两层单向碳纤维非纺织物构成的至少一个堆叠体,所述陶瓷基质含有碳化硅和元素硅,其特征在于所述至少一个堆叠体内的所有相邻层彼此直接邻接,所述至少一个堆叠体在与所述层的平面垂直的方向上具有至少1.5mm的厚度,并且所述陶瓷基质基本上渗透整个部件。
在本发明的背景下,用语“其中所述至少一个堆叠体内的所有相邻层彼此直接邻接”应理解为是指所述层没有被故意间隔开,如EP 1 340 733 B1和DE 10 2007 007 410A1的方法中那样。然而,本发明涵盖了这样的事实,即在所述邻接层的层之间或纤维之间存在或可以提供基质膜,当预浸渍的纤维层一个直接层叠在另一个之上时,所述基质实际上是始终存在的。
由于所述层一个紧密地平放在另一个之上,本发明的部件的特征在于强度增加。因此,所述部件对于特定的应用、例如作为装载架而言可以设计得更薄并由此总重量更轻。这使得更容易处理所述部件并减少了使用所述装载架的成本,因为由于所需的质量较小,它需要的加热能量较少。
单向碳纤维非纺织物一个直接平放在另一个之上的堆叠体的厚度或高度没有上限。根据DE 10 2007 007 410 A1的碳纤维非纺织物层被间隔物分开,各具有仅约0.1mm的厚度(参见DE 10 2007 007 410 A1的附图),与之相比,根据本发明的相应层或层状堆叠体的厚度为至少1.5mm。这是使用已知方法所达不到的。所述厚度优选为至少2.0mm,更优选为至少2.5mm。最优选地,根据本发明,所述部件内的层状堆叠体与整个部件本身一样厚,即,所述部件优选只由包埋在陶瓷基质中的单向碳纤维非纺织物层的堆叠体构成,所述层彼此直接邻接。
各个单向碳纤维非纺织物层的厚度没有特别限制。层薄到只由一根单丝层构成是可能的,即,所述层的厚度实际上相当于一根碳纤维的直径,所述碳纤维的直径通常在6至9μm的范围内。当使用这样的单丝层时,根据本发明一个直接平放在另一层之上的层的数量使得所述层状堆叠体的高度为至少1.5mm。对于特别厚的层,例如比0.75mm更厚的层,所述部件实际上可以仅包含两个层,它们根据本发明一层直接平放在另一层之上,并因此所述堆叠体的厚度为至少1.5mm。
单向碳纤维非纺织物通常通过一或多束碳纤维粗纱铺展开到一定宽度而获得。碳纤维粗纱是连续的、平行的碳纤维长丝束,没有被绞合或缠绕。在这种情况下,通常使用一束或多束50K粗纱。50K粗纱由大约50,000根单丝组成。这些展开的薄片尤其用树脂预先浸渍并可作为预浸料使用。它们通常具有大约0.25毫米的厚度。例如,下述的本发明方法可以用这种类型的预浸料开始进行。
为了使所述部分适合在氧化气氛中用于高温应用,所述陶瓷基质基本上渗透整个部件是至关重要的。如下面在本发明方法的上下文内将进一步讨论的那样,这意味着在硅化过程期间液体硅完全渗入所述CFRC预成形品,并且所述CFRC预成形品的碳基质至少部分转化为SiC。因此,本发明的部件远比仅在表面上硅化的CFRC部件更耐氧化,例如在后者中大气氧随时间渗透所述部分的内部,并逐渐破坏所述部件的完整性和稳定性。
所述基质优选在整个部件上具有均匀的组成。然而,这并不排除所述部件能够进行特定的表面处理,所述表面处理也能完全渗透所述基质直至表面的特定深度。然而,所述基质的结构组分的组成,即负责其强度的那些组分,优选是均匀的。这导致所述部件统一的均匀性质,例如其强度和抗氧化性。
根据本发明部件的一种优选实施方式,所述至少一个堆叠体内的连续层在它们的纤维的取向方面彼此不同。例如,所述层可以一个位于另一个之上,使得它们的纤维取向在0°和90°之间交替,这是优选的,因为与其中所有单向纤维层仅以一个方向、即0°方向取向的部件相比,这种变化导致所述部件在与0°方向垂直的方向上的稳定性明显改善,而同时在制造上仅仅稍更复杂。0°/60°/120°顺序对于连续的层也是可能的。各层的纤维取向的变化类型没有特别限制,并且可以根据所述部件在其随后使用期间的负载情况来设计。
本发明的部件优选开放孔隙率不超过3.5%,更优选不超过3.0%。所述组件的开放孔隙率越小,暴露于氧化侵袭的表面越少。例如,可以通过使用液体碳供应物一次或多次压制所述CFRC体来降低开放孔隙率。这种过程在后面作为本发明方法的优选实施方式的一部分更详细地描述。
本发明的部件的优选纤维体积比在50-65%范围内。例如,所述纤维体积比可以基于显微照片凭几何学或光学确定。高纤维体积比赋予所述部件相应的高弹性模量。SiC-陶瓷部件中的这种高碳纤维体积比,如同其中本发明的堆叠体的厚度相当于整个部件的厚度的优选实施方式中那样,不能使用已知的方法产生。即使当碳纤维非纺织物被彼此压紧时,纤维体积比也比在织物中低,因为织物内不可避免地存在未被纤维填充的间隙。
根据本发明部件的一种简单实施方式,所述部件是板,在其平面内所述纤维性非纺织物是取向的。本发明的更复杂的实施方式优选由这种类型的单独的板状部件组装而成。如下所述,作为本发明的优选方法的一部分,这种组装过程在硅化过程之前进行。在石墨化CFRC状态下互锁组装的所述部件然后被整体硅化。在这种情况下,所述部件整体地且不可逆地在连接点处彼此连接。本发明的优选实施方式因此涉及一种陶瓷部件,其包含至少两个彼此整体粘结的部件,所述至少两个部件也各自形成为本发明的陶瓷部件。
所述陶瓷部件的互连部件的边界表面之间的整体粘结优选包含元素硅。然而,所述互锁连接的CFRC部件也可以设有粘合剂连接。在这种情况下,所述粘合剂可优选被碳化并因此当所述组装的部件在其被加热而硅化时可转化为碳。由于它的多孔性,这种碳将液体硅从所述两个连接的部件中的一个部件引导到另一个部件。因此,由此生成的陶瓷部件在所述互连部件的边界表面之间的整体粘结处除了元素硅之外还包含SiC。这种用于粘结和接合待硅化材料的技术是已知的并在例如DE 10 2011 007 815 A1中描述。例如,其中包含的粘合剂和填料的类型,没有特别的限制。
在空气中400℃下进行1小时的氧化试验中,本发明的部件优选氧化重量损失不超过0.05%,更优选0.03%。
本发明的部件的优选弹性模量为至少60GPa。本发明的部件优选强度为至少190MPa。众所周知,所述弹性模量和强度根据目前的测试标准EN658-3,在三点弯曲试验中测定。在组装的部件中,这些参数当然也只适用于不被接头断开的单个均匀部件。
本发明的部件的优选密度不超过2.0g/cm3。这种低密度来源于比较高的碳含量,而后者又是由高纤维体积比造成的。因此,所述部件中的碳纤维几乎保持完好,并且只略受硅的侵袭并转化为SiC。所述低密度对用于装载架特别有利,因为较低的密度也与较低的热容量相关联,这降低了使用期间的能量成本。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种制造陶瓷部件的方法,所述方法包含以下步骤:
a)将浸渍有聚合物或聚合物前体的至少两个单向碳纤维非纺织物放置成一个直接置于另一个之上,
b)在增加的压力和升高的温度下将一个置于另一个之上的所述碳纤维非纺织物固结,并获得碳纤维增强聚合物,
c)在600℃和1000℃之间的温度下碳化所述碳纤维增强聚合物,并获得碳纤维增强碳,
d)在至少1800℃的温度下石墨化所述碳纤维增强碳,以及
e)将在步骤d)中石墨化的碳纤维增强聚合物硅化,所述碳以下述方式被硅化:在与液体硅相接触的所述石墨化的碳纤维增强碳的表面上,至少一个所述碳纤维非纺织物的至少一些碳纤维的末端指向所述表面。
上述的本发明部件优选使用本发明的方法制造。结合本发明部件提到的所有特征因此相应地也适用于所述方法,反之亦然。
“将一个直接平放在另一个之上”应理解为是指将所述浸渍的单向碳纤维非纺织物一个直接置于另一个之上,即其间没有设置任何东西。如上文结合EP 1 340 733 B1和DE10 2007 007 410 A1所述,液体硅化含有单向碳纤维非纺织物的CFRC体不是轻易可行的,因为所述非纺织物中密集的碳纤维的孔隙结构不足以使液体硅能够渗透CFRC体。在本发明的背景下,已经发现有可能使液体硅完全渗透CFRC体的措施。
使CFRC体石墨化的过程,如步骤d)中提及,对所述CFRC体中合适孔隙系统的形成具有明确影响。在1800℃和更高的石墨化温度下,所述碳纤维经历其几何形状的特定变化:它变得更短并同时更厚,即碳纤维在纤维方向上收缩并在与其垂直的方向上膨胀。这种膨胀导致在冷却后沿着碳纤维形成通道,这对于硅化过程是合适的。在实践中,所述石墨化过程也可以与前述的碳化过程一起在一个步骤中进行,而不必在之间冷却,即待碳化和石墨化的CFRC体可以一步到达选定的石墨化温度。
为了现在让硅到达这些通道,根据本发明,所述石墨化的CFRC体在其被液体硅化时与液体硅接触,使得所述石墨化的碳纤维增强碳的至少一些碳纤维的末端指向与液体硅接触的表面。这些碳纤维面向所述接触表面的精确角度在此没有特别的限制,即它们也可以以某个角度面向所述接触表面。为了将它表达得更清楚,例如在其中所述非纺织物的纤维以0°/90°取向的本发明板状部件中,相应的CFRC板的任何边缘表面都可以被硅化。已变得显而易见的是,一旦硅找到它进入预成形品内部的路径,所述预成形品就被完全浸渍。相反,当打算将作为举例提到的所述板状预成形品例如通过放置在灯芯(Docht)上而在其与非纺织物平行的大表面上进行硅化时,硅化过程变得更加困难。
步骤a)中提到的聚合物或所述聚合物前体没有特别限制。在这种情况下,它可以是溶液、熔融材料或合成树脂粉末、热塑性塑料或其前体,合成树脂是优选的,因为它们通常可以被转化以形成尺寸稳定的热固性聚合物。合适的且因此优选的合成树脂是酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂和氰酸酯。根据一种优选实施方式,所述聚合物或聚合物前体因此包含选自酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂和氰酸酯的合成树脂。可被碳化的热塑性塑料被用作优选的热塑性塑料。在这种情况下,“可被碳化的热塑性材料”表示在不存在氧化材料的情况下当被加热到至少800℃时形成碳渣的热塑性材料,所述碳渣的质量是所用热塑性塑料的质量(在溶液中,干质量)的至少20%。
按照步骤b)的“固结”可理解为意指一个平放在另一个之上的浸渍碳纤维非纺织物被固化而形成CFRP体。在热固性聚合物前体如酚醛树脂,呋喃树脂或氰酸酯中,所述固结步骤包括固化所述合成树脂。在热塑性塑料中,所述固结步骤包括通过熔化所述热塑性塑料将所述层彼此连接。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,对步骤c)的碳纤维增强碳进行至少一次后处理,所述后处理包含以下步骤:
C1)用液体碳供应物浸渍所述碳纤维增强碳,和
C2)将所述浸渍的碳纤维增强碳根据步骤c)碳化。
“碳供应物”可以理解为是指在热解或碳化过程之后留下碳的任何液体物质。此外,在本发明的背景下,术语“热解”和“碳化”可以被理解为同义词。优选的碳供应物是沥青、酚醛树脂和糠醇,因为它们具有高的碳产率。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,浸渍有聚合物或聚合物前体的单向碳纤维非纺织物是选自酚醛树脂预浸料、呋喃树脂预浸料和氰酸酯预浸料的预浸料。它们的特征在于当它们彼此层叠时的有利处理,以及形成尺寸稳定的CFRP体。
当使用合成树脂并且特别是预浸料时,将一个置于另一个之上的所述碳纤维非纺织物固结包括固化所述合成树脂。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,将所述石墨化的碳纤维增强碳依照所述陶瓷部件的期望形状机械加工,由此制造成型体。在本发明的背景下,成型体被理解为在其被硅化之前的经机械加工的石墨化的CFRC体。与明显更硬的硅化部件的机械加工相比,CFRC体的机械加工明显更不复杂。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,至少两个成型体被互锁连接,使得在这两个成型体上,在所述连接的成型体的彼此接触的各自边界表面上,至少一个碳纤维非纺织物的至少一些碳纤维的末端指向所述边界表面。这有助于硅从一个部件到另一个部件的更有效过渡。在这种情况下,表述“...的末端”具有与上文结合本发明的部件所定义的相同的含义。以这种方式接合的部件是一体的,因此不必通过附加的复杂连接元件如弹簧、夹具等来连接。在这种实施方式的优选变体中,在各个细长板的两个长边中的一个上制造接头,接头的宽度相当于板的厚度。这些接头以直角指向内,远离板的边缘直至板的中心或纵轴。然后将以这种方式接合的板组装而形成类似于井干式构架(Blockhausbauweise)的棋盘状格栅。然后可以将整个格栅硅化。这个例子表明,在部件与另一部件接触的整个边界表面上,不需要提供具有在所述边界表面处终止的末端的纤维。而是仅仅在所述边界表面的区域中提供具有在所述边界表面处终止的末端的纤维就足够了,待连接的部件的相应区域必须至少部分彼此接触。
本发明的另一方面涉及本发明的陶瓷部件作为装载架、优选作为高温应用(至少500℃)中的装载架且更优选地在大气氧存在下的用途。本发明或根据本发明的部件已经在上文中关于这种有利的用途进行了大量描述,为了避免重复,在此对其进行引用。
下面将通过具体实施例来说明本发明。
实施例
将20层UD预浸料一层直接置于另一层之上,使得它们的取向以0°/90°样式交替。在这种情况下,所述UD预浸料由浸渍了尚未固化的酚醛树脂的平行碳纤维构成。根据本发明,所述预浸料在所述碳纤维的纤维方向的横向方向上绝对不包含辅助的线材或其他组分。该预浸料的一个层具有大约0.25mm的高度或厚度和大约1.20m的宽度。该层叠品在平压机模具中在1bar和140℃下固化8小时。从由此生成的CFRP板的表面除去任何逸出的树脂,并将所述板按尺寸切割以形成尺寸为10cm x 10cm的较小试样。
将所述CFRP板在900℃在保护性气体(氮气)下碳化。所述碳化板的一个试样经受2次如下的再压制程序(实施例1),另一个试样经受3次如下的再压制处理(实施例2):
-用沥青浸渍,和
-再碳化(900℃)。
然后将实施例1和实施例2中的试样在大约2000℃下石墨化24小时。将石墨化的CFRC试样放入硅化室中并在大约1700℃下硅化。在这种情况下,将试样插入由石墨制成的架子中,该架子布置在含有用于硅化过程的足量硅粉的石墨坩埚中。在这种情况下,所述石墨架确保了所述部件按照本发明相对于硅浴表面取向,即板的一个边缘在硅化过程期间与Si熔体接触,因为一些碳纤维的末端终止在所述边缘处。
试样实施例1 试样实施例2
AD(g/cm3) 1.90 1.80
开放孔隙率 2% 3%
Si含量 10% 8%
C含量 66% 71%
SiC含量 24% 21%
弹性模量(GPa) 60 65
AD:根据阿基米德(Archimedes)原理用水确定的密度。
开放孔隙率:也是根据阿基米德原理进行确定来测量的。
Si含量:未与碳结合的游离硅。
C含量:未与硅结合的游离碳。
对实施例2的试样进行氧化试验。鉴定在空气中400℃下8小时内重量损失约0.15%,这相当于每小时重量损失约0.02%。
在这两种试样中,明显游离碳的含量都极高,这是由高纤维体积比造成的。这最终引起高弹性模量和低密度,与低氧化敏感性相结合,胜过了已知的陶瓷材料。此外,显然按照实施例2的额外再压制过程导致更高的弹性模量。这大概是因为碳纤维由此受到更好的保护,因此保全了更多的纤维。实施例2中的C含量或SiC含量也表明了这一点。

Claims (15)

1.陶瓷部件,其包含包埋在陶瓷基质中的由至少两层单向碳纤维非纺织物构成的至少一个堆叠体,所述陶瓷基质含有碳化硅和元素硅,其特征在于所述至少一个堆叠体内的所有相邻层彼此直接邻接,所述至少一个堆叠体在与所述层的平面垂直的方向上具有至少1.5mm的厚度,并且所述陶瓷基质基本上渗透整个部件。
2.权利要求1的陶瓷部件,其特征在于所述基质在整个部件中具有均匀的组成。
3.权利要求1的陶瓷部件,其特征在于所述至少一个堆叠体内的连续层在它们的纤维的取向方面彼此不同。
4.权利要求1的陶瓷部件,其特征在于所述部件的开放孔隙率不超过3.5%。
5.权利要求1的陶瓷部件,其特征在于所述部件的纤维体积比在50-65%的范围内。
6.权利要求1的陶瓷部件,其特征在于所述部件包含彼此整体粘结的至少两个部件,所述至少两个部件也各自形成为权利要求1的陶瓷部件。
7.权利要求1的陶瓷部件,其特征在于所述部件的密度不超过2.0g/cm3
8.制造陶瓷部件的方法,所述方法包含以下步骤:
a)将浸渍有聚合物或聚合物前体的至少两个单向碳纤维非纺织物放置成一个直接置于另一个之上,
b)在增加的压力和升高的温度下将一个置于另一个之上的所述碳纤维非纺织物固结,并获得碳纤维增强聚合物,
c)在600℃和1000℃之间的温度下碳化所述碳纤维增强聚合物,并获得碳纤维增强碳,
d)在至少1800℃的温度下石墨化所述碳纤维增强碳,以及
e)将在步骤d)中石墨化的碳纤维增强碳硅化,所述碳以下述方式被硅化:在与液体硅相接触的所述石墨化的碳纤维增强碳的表面上,至少一个所述碳纤维非纺织物的至少一些碳纤维的末端指向所述表面。
9.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于对步骤c)的碳纤维增强碳进行至少一次后处理,所述后处理包含以下步骤:
C1)用液体碳供应物浸渍所述碳纤维增强碳,和
C2)将浸渍的碳纤维增强碳根据步骤c)碳化。
10.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于所述聚合物或所述聚合物前体包含选自酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂和氰酸酯的合成树脂。
11.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于浸渍有聚合物或聚合物前体的单向碳纤维非纺织物是选自酚醛树脂预浸料、呋喃树脂预浸料和氰酸酯预浸料的预浸料。
12.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于将一个置于另一个之上的所述碳纤维非纺织物固结包括固化所述合成树脂。
13.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于将所述石墨化的碳纤维增强碳依照所述陶瓷部件的期望形状进行机械加工,由此制造成型体。
14.权利要求13的方法,其特征在于至少两个成型体被互锁连接,使得在连接的成型体的彼此接触的各自边界表面上,相应成型体的至少一些碳纤维的末端指向所述边界表面。
15.权利要求1的陶瓷部件作为装载架的用途。
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