CN108243754A - A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243754A CN108243754A CN201810117908.9A CN201810117908A CN108243754A CN 108243754 A CN108243754 A CN 108243754A CN 201810117908 A CN201810117908 A CN 201810117908A CN 108243754 A CN108243754 A CN 108243754A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree, including：Prepare scion, sealing wax storage, grafting, adopt first tree crown southeastern direction and in, the annotinous branch on top peripheral branch make scion, store sth. in a cellar clammy after the full branch sealing wax of scion, 35 years big saplings of raw stock are selected as graft stock, scion bottom is whittled into wedge-shaped bevel and in nutrient solution in the rootstock opening-cleaving of the quickly dipped rear previously prepared completion of insertion, interface has been bound with plastic film strip and has completed grafting.It has the beneficial effect that：With clammy cellar storage scion, it can effectively prevent that fringe bar fever is gone rotten or dehydration air-dries, the quickly dipped nutrient solution of bevel be helped speed up into scion growth during grafting, nutrient solution can effectively prevent the oxidation of tannin, it prevents tannin from forming isolation film after aoxidizing, improves graft survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to persimmon tree breeding field, more particularly, to a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree.
Technical background
Persimmon is Ebenaceae Diospyros fallen leaves megaphanerophyte.Typically up to 10-14 meters or more, brerast-height diatmeter is up to 65 centimetres；Bark is dark-grey
Color is to grey black or yellow taupe to brown；Tree crown spherical shape or prolate spheroidal.Branch is carried out, band green to brown, hairless, dissipates
The oblong of raw lobe or long and narrow round hole skin；Spray has rib at the beginning, there is brown pubescence or villus or hairless.Leaf papery, ovate
Ellipse is to obovate or subcircular；Petiole is 8-20 millimeters long.Flower dioecism, inflorescence axillary are cyme；Bennet is about
3 millimeters.Fruit shape has spherical shape, oblate spheroid etc.；Seed brown, ellipticity are flat-sided；Carpopodium is sturdy, 6-12 millimeters long.The month at florescence 5-6,
The fruiting period 9-10 months.Yangtze River in China basin is originated in, to the east of Taiwan Province, there is cultivation in each province, area more.Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, ocean
There is cultivation in continent, the Algeria in north African, France, the Soviet Union, U.S. etc..Fruit Chang Jing makees fruit after taking away the puckery taste, by proper treatment,
It can store the several months, it all can feeding at any time in 1 year.Persimmon can also be processed into dried persimmon.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of engrafting methods of persimmon tree, this engrafting method is simple and practicable, of low cost,
Can effectively reduce the oxidation of persimmon scion incision tannin, the thickness of the isolation film after reduction tannin oxidation, so as to prevent every
From influence of the film to wound healing, accelerating wound healing improves graft survival rate.
The problem of present invention in background technology for mentioning, the technical solution taken is：A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree,
Including：Scion, sealing wax storage, grafting are prepared, specifically includes following steps：
Prepare scion：Scion growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm, bud are full, has early real, high yield, is high-quality, introducing grafting generation
Number less, the healthy and strong elite stand of production, adopt tree crown southeastern direction and in, the annotinous branch on top peripheral branch make scion, cut
It is 10-15cm to cut out scionwood segment length, retains 3-4 bud, and top has full bud；The southeastern direction of tree crown is in, top peripheral
The illumination of branch part is sufficient, and development is healthy and strong, and vegetative storage is more, and degree of lignification is high, and vitality is strong, and survival rate is high, is suitable as
Scion；
Sealing wax is stored：Industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in deep container, when wax temperature rises to 93-98 DEG C, the scion that will shear
Branch Duan Yitou is dipped in rapidly in wax liquor, dips in the wax time as 0.1-0.5 seconds, then to change other end quickly dipped；Scion surface wax layer drop
After warming to room temperature, it is stored in scion is bundled in clammy cellar, cellar temperature is maintained at 1-4 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 90-95%,
When being stored in cellar for storing things, fringe bar lower half should be embedded in wet sand, the upper half exposes, and is isolated between bundle and bundle with wet sand, and entrance of cellar will
It covers tightly, keeps clammy environment in cellar for storing things；Sealing wax can effectively prevent branch moisture content, nutrient evaporation, while can also completely cut off air, prevent
Oxidation completely cuts off microorganism, prevents germ from infecting, and the too low then wax layer of wax temperature is thick, easy to fall off, excessively high then easy scald scion；With clammy
Cellar storage scion, can effectively prevent fringe bar fever go rotten or dehydration air-dry, can increase substantially graft survival rate with into
The robustness of branch living；
Grafting：The raw big saplings of stock of 3-5 are selected as graft stock, in the thick 6-8cm of stock, away from earth's surface 60-100cm major branches
Grafting, is rived stock from cross section intermediate vertical with knife, splits mouthful depth as 4-4.5cm；In scion bottom, the left and right two of terminal bud
The bevel of long 3-4cm is respectively cut in side, wedgewise, there is that terminal bud side is thicker, and opposite side is slightly thin, by the bevel of scion in nutrient solution middling speed
Rapid taking-up is dipped in, wide face outwardly of scion is inserted into rootstock opening-cleaving, makes forming layer aligned with each other, scion bevel upper end is higher by
Stock notch 0.3-0.5cm has bound interface with plastic film strip and has completed grafting；After having grafted nursery stock, after strengthening nursery stock
Period management, inspection survive situation, while lighten restrictions on or release plastic film in time, erase the sprout tillers on stock, keep grafting nursery stock
Growth potential.
Preferably, in nutrient solution the glucan containing 1-2%, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1.0-1.5%, 45-60ppm indoles
Acetic acid, the gibberellin of 20-30ppm, the brassin lactones of 20-25ppm, single silicic acid of 0.2-0.3%, 0.05-0.06% it is anti-bad
Hematic acid, 8-9ppm（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4- formaldehyde, surplus is water；Nutrient solution can be carried for scion
For sufficient nutriment, accelerate scion growth, improve graft survival rate；Persimmon scion incision contains tannin, and tannin is easily
It aoxidizes and one layer of isolation film is simultaneously formed between scion and stock, influence wound healing, reduce survival rate, the Vitamin C in nutrient solution
Acid can seize oxidation material, prevent excessive oxidation of the oxidation material to tannin, meanwhile, it is micro in nutrient solution（4S）- 2,2-
Dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4- formaldehyde can form water-soluble hydrate, which can be in the presence of single silicic acid
Phenol-formaldehyde reaction occurs with tannin, so as to reduce the oxidation of tannin, the thickness of the isolation film after reduction tannin oxidation, so as to accelerate to hinder
Mouth healing, improves survival rate.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：1）With clammy cellar storage scion, fringe can be effectively prevent
Item fever is gone rotten or dehydration air-dries, and can increase substantially graft survival rate and survive the robustness of branch；2）Nutrient solution can be with
Sufficient nutriment for scion is provided, accelerates scion and grows, the ascorbic acid in nutrient solution can seize oxidation material, prevent
Oxidation material prevents tannin from forming isolation film after aoxidizing, improves graft survival rate to the excessive oxidation of tannin；3）It is micro- in nutrient solution
Amount（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4- formaldehyde can form water-soluble hydrate, and the hydrate is in single silicon
Phenol-formaldehyde reaction can occur with tannin in the presence of acid, so as to reduce the oxidation of tannin, weaken the isolation film after tannin oxidation
Thickness so as to accelerating wound healing, improves survival rate.
Specific embodiment
The present invention program is described further below by embodiment：
Embodiment 1：
A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree, includes the following steps：
1）Scion growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm, bud are full, have early reality, high yield, high-quality, introducing grafting algebraically is few, raw
Produce healthy and strong elite stand, adopt tree crown southeastern direction and in, the annotinous branch on top peripheral branch make scion, cut out scionwood
Segment length is 10cm, retains 3 buds, and top has full bud；2）Industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in deep container, treats wax Wen Sheng
During to 93 DEG C, the scionwood Duan Yitou sheared is dipped in rapidly in wax liquor, it is 0.1 second to dip in the wax time, then changes other end speed
It dips in；It after scion surface wax layer is cooled to room temperature, is stored in scion is bundled in clammy cellar, cellar temperature is maintained at 1 DEG C, wet
Degree is maintained at 90%, and when being stored in cellar for storing things, fringe bar lower half should be embedded in wet sand, and the upper half exposes, and wet sand is used between bundle and bundle
Isolation, entrance of cellar will cover tightly, and keep clammy environment in cellar for storing things；3）The big sapling of triennial stock is selected as graft stock, it is thick in stock
6cm, away from being grafted on earth's surface 60cm major branches, stock from cross section intermediate vertical is rived with knife, splits mouthful depth as 4cm；In scion
Bottom, the bevel for each side cutting long 3cm of terminal bud, wedgewise has that terminal bud side is thicker, and opposite side is slightly thin, and scion is wide
It faces outwardly and is inserted into rootstock opening-cleaving, make forming layer aligned with each other, scion bevel upper end is higher by stock notch 0.3cm, thin with plastics
Film item has bound interface and has completed grafting.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree, includes the following steps：
1）Prepare scion：Adopt persimmon tree elite stand tree crown southeastern direction and in, the annotinous branch on top peripheral branch connects
Fringe cuts out scionwood segment length as 15cm, retains 4 buds, and top has full bud；The southeastern direction of tree crown is in, top peripheral
The illumination of branch part is sufficient, and development is healthy and strong, and vegetative storage is more, and degree of lignification is high, and vitality is strong, and survival rate is high, is suitable as
Scion；
2）Sealing wax is stored：Industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in deep container, when wax temperature rises to 98 DEG C, the scionwood that will shear
Duan Yitou is dipped in rapidly in wax liquor, dips in the wax time as 0.5 second, then to change other end quickly dipped；Scion surface wax layer is cooled to room
Wen Hou is stored in scion is bundled in clammy cellar, and cellar temperature is maintained at 4 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 95%, is stored in cellar for storing things
When, fringe bar lower half should be embedded in wet sand, the upper half exposes, and is isolated between bundle and bundle with wet sand, and entrance of cellar will cover tightly, and keeps cellar for storing things
Interior clammy environment；Sealing wax can effectively prevent branch moisture content, nutrient evaporation, while can also completely cut off air, prevent from aoxidizing, isolation is micro-
Biology prevents germ from infecting, and the too low then wax layer of wax temperature is thick, easy to fall off, excessively high then easy scald scion；It is connect with clammy cellar storage
Fringe, can effectively prevent that fringe bar fever is gone rotten or dehydration air-dries, and can increase substantially and graft survival rate and survive the stalwartness of branch
Degree；
3）Prepare nutrient solution：It prepares and contains following substance in nutrient solution：2% glucan, 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60ppm
Heteroauxin, the gibberellin of 30ppm, the brassin lactones of 25ppm, 0.3% single silicic acid, 0.06% ascorbic acid, 9ppm
（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4- formaldehyde, surplus is water；Nutrient solution can provide sufficient nutrients for scion
Matter accelerates scion growth, improves graft survival rate；Persimmon scion incision contains tannin, tannin easily aoxidize and in scion and
One layer of isolation film is formed between stock, influences wound healing, reduces survival rate, the ascorbic acid in nutrient solution can seize oxidation
Substance prevents excessive oxidation of the oxidation material to tannin, meanwhile, it is micro in nutrient solution（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3- dioxy
Penta ring -4- formaldehyde can form water-soluble hydrate, which can occur phenolic aldehyde in the presence of single silicic acid with tannin
Reaction, so as to reduce the oxidation of tannin, the thickness of the isolation film after reduction tannin oxidation so as to accelerating wound healing, is improved into
Motility rate；
4）Grafting：5 years big saplings of raw stock are selected as graft stock, in the thick 8cm of stock, away from being grafted on earth's surface 100cm major branches,
Stock from cross section intermediate vertical is rived with knife, splits mouthful depth as 4.5cm；Glucan containing 1-2%, 1.0- in nutrient solution
1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the heteroauxin of 45-60ppm, the gibberellin of 20-30ppm, 20-25ppm brassin lactones,
Single silicic acid of 0.2-0.3%, the ascorbic acid of 0.05-0.06%, 8-9ppm（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4-
Formaldehyde, surplus are water in scion bottom, the bevel for each side cutting long 4cm of terminal bud, wedgewise, there is that terminal bud side is thicker,
Opposite side is slightly thin, the quickly dipped taking-up rapid once in nutrient solution by the bevel of scion, faces outwardly insertion rootstock opening-cleaving by scion is wide
In, make forming layer aligned with each other, scion bevel upper end is higher by stock notch 0.5cm, and it is i.e. complete to have bound interface with plastic film strip
Into grafting；After having grafted nursery stock, strengthen the final-period management of nursery stock, inspection survives situation, while lightens restrictions in time or to release plastics thin
Film erases the sprout tillers on stock, keeps the growth potential of grafting nursery stock.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree, including：Scion, sealing wax storage, grafting are prepared, specifically includes following steps：
Prepare scion：Scion growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm, bud are full, has early real, high yield, is high-quality, introducing grafting generation
Number less, the healthy and strong elite stand of production, adopt tree crown southeastern direction and in, the annotinous branch on top peripheral branch make scion, cut
It is 12cm to cut out scionwood segment length, retains 4 buds, and top has full bud；The southeastern direction of tree crown is in, top peripheral branch portion
Light splitting is according to abundance, and development is healthy and strong, and vegetative storage is more, and degree of lignification is high, and vitality is strong, and survival rate is high, is suitable as scion；
Sealing wax is stored：Industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in deep container, when wax temperature rises to 95 DEG C, the scionwood section that will shear
One is dipped in rapidly in wax liquor, dips in the wax time as 0.3 second, then to change other end quickly dipped；Scion surface wax layer is cooled to room temperature
Afterwards, it being stored in scion is bundled in clammy cellar, cellar temperature is maintained at 2 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 94%, when being stored in cellar for storing things,
Fringe bar lower half should be embedded in wet sand, the upper half exposes, and is isolated between bundle and bundle with wet sand, and entrance of cellar will cover tightly, and keeps in cellar for storing things
Clammy environment；Sealing wax can effectively prevent branch moisture content, nutrient evaporation, while can also completely cut off air, prevent from aoxidizing, completely cut off micro- life
Object prevents germ from infecting, and the too low then wax layer of wax temperature is thick, easy to fall off, excessively high then easy scald scion；It is connect with clammy cellar storage
Fringe, can effectively prevent that fringe bar fever is gone rotten or dehydration air-dries, and can increase substantially and graft survival rate and survive the stalwartness of branch
Degree；
Grafting：4 years big saplings of raw stock are selected as graft stock, in the thick 7cm of stock, away from being grafted on earth's surface 80cm major branches, are used
Knife rives stock from cross section intermediate vertical, splits mouthful depth as 4cm；Long 3cm is each side cut in scion bottom, terminal bud
Bevel, wedgewise has that terminal bud side is thicker, and opposite side is slightly thin, once takes the bevel of scion is quickly dipped in nutrient solution rapidly
Go out, wide face outwardly of scion is inserted into rootstock opening-cleaving, makes forming layer aligned with each other, scion bevel upper end is higher by stock notch
0.4cm has bound interface with plastic film strip and has completed grafting；After having grafted nursery stock, strengthen the final-period management of nursery stock, check into
Situation living, while plastic film is lightened restrictions on or releases in time, the sprout tillers on stock is erased, keeps the growth potential of grafting nursery stock.
In nutrient solution containing 1.5% glucan, 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the heteroauxin of 50ppm, 25ppm it is red mould
Element, the brassin lactones of 22ppm, 0.25% single silicic acid, 0.05% ascorbic acid, 8ppm（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3-
Dioxolanes -4- formaldehyde, surplus are water；Nutrient solution can provide sufficient nutriment for scion, accelerate scion growth, improve
Graft survival rate；Persimmon scion incision contains tannin, and tannin easily aoxidizes and one layer of isolation is formed between scion and stock
Film, influences wound healing, reduces survival rate, and the ascorbic acid in nutrient solution can seize oxidation material, prevent oxidation material pair
The excessive oxidation of tannin, meanwhile, it is micro in nutrient solution（4S）- 2,2- dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4- formaldehyde can be formed
Water-soluble hydrate, which can occur phenol-formaldehyde reaction in the presence of single silicic acid with tannin, so as to reduce tannin
Oxidation, the thickness of the isolation film after reduction tannin oxidation, so as to accelerating wound healing, improves survival rate.
Routine operation in operating procedure of the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art, herein without repeating.
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that the above is only
For specific embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, all any modifications made in the spirit of the present invention,
Supplement or similar fashion replacement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree, including：Prepare scion, sealing wax storage, grafting, it is characterised in that：The grafting step
Suddenly it is：Select the raw big saplings of stock of 3-5 that stock is rived from cross section intermediate vertical with knife as graft stock；In scion
Bottom, terminal bud are each side whittled into bevel, wedgewise, there is that terminal bud side is thicker, and opposite side is slightly thin, and the bevel of scion is existed
Wide face outwardly of scion is inserted into rootstock opening-cleaving, makes forming layer aligned with each other, scion is cut by quickly dipped taking-up rapid once in nutrient solution
Face upper end is higher by stock notch 0.3-0.5cm, and having bound interface with plastic film strip completes grafting.
2. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the grafting step, transferred
The thick 6-8cm of stock is met, graft position is the major branch away from earth's surface 60-100cm.
3. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the grafting step, stock
Mouthful depth is split as 4-4.5cm, scion bevel length is 3-4cm.
4. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Nutrition in the grafting step
Glucan containing 1-2% in liquid, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1.0-1.5%, the heteroauxin of 45-60ppm, 20-30ppm it is red mould
Element, the brassin lactones of 20-25ppm, single silicic acid of 0.2-0.3%, the ascorbic acid of 0.05-0.06%, 8-9ppm（4S）- 2,
2- dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane -4- formaldehyde, surplus is water.
5. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described preparation scion step be：
Scion growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm, bud are full, have early real, high yield, is high-quality, introducing grafting algebraically is few, production is healthy and strong
Elite stand, adopt tree crown southeastern direction and in, the annotinous branch on top peripheral branch make scion, scion top tool is full
Bud.
6. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In the preparation scion step,
Scionwood segment length is cut out as 10-15cm, retains 3-4 bud.
7. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sealing wax stores step：
Industrial paraffin is placed on heating and melting in deep container, when wax temperature rises to 93-98 DEG C, the scionwood Duan Yitou sheared is existed rapidly
It is dipped in wax liquor, dips in the wax time as 0.1-0.5 seconds, then to change other end quickly dipped；After scion surface wax layer is cooled to room temperature, it will connect
Fringe is bundled to be stored in clammy cellar, and when being stored in cellar for storing things, fringe bar lower half should be embedded in wet sand, and the upper half exposes, bundle
It is isolated between bundle with wet sand, entrance of cellar will cover tightly.
8. a kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：In the sealing wax storage step,
Cellar temperature is maintained at 1-4 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 90-95%.
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| CN109744001A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-14 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | A kind of broad-leaved forest fruit-tree grafting method |
| CN110149837A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-23 | 金华市泽雨园艺技术有限公司 | A kind of pomegranate engrafting method of high survival rate |
| CN110521413A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-03 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | A kind of calamander epicormic branch cutting method |
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| CN110149837A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-23 | 金华市泽雨园艺技术有限公司 | A kind of pomegranate engrafting method of high survival rate |
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