CN108236950A - 一种用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用作甲醛去除剂的Pd‑B/C粉末的制备方法,包括如下步骤:配制含络合剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂的PdCl2分散液;加入炭载体,超声振荡并搅拌,得原料炭浆;在惰性气保护的状态下,于80℃下在原料炭浆中逐滴加入可引入硼元素的还原剂,搅拌0.5‑24h,使Pd还原沉积在载体表面。该用作甲醛去除剂的Pd‑B/C粉末的性能较好,在40℃左右即可以催化甲醛氧化,生成二氧化碳和水。该甲醛去除剂的使用方式灵活,可处理的气体浓度范围较宽,可以与室内的暖气片、太阳能集热器等联用高效的去除室内甲醛。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于用于大气污染治理的材料技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法。
背景技术
甲醛是室内大气中常见的一种污染物,它具有较高的毒性。短期接触低浓度的甲醛就会刺激眼睛及呼吸道而引起过敏反应,长期接触微量的甲醛会增加患癌的可能性。甲醛已经被世界卫生组织确定为致畸形和致癌物质。我国2003年开始实施的《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T18883-2002)规定室内空气中甲醛的最高允许浓度为0.10mg每立方米(1小时均值)。
目前,消除甲醛的方法有多种,如①吸附法、②化学吸收法、③光催化法、④等离子体催化法、⑤催化燃烧法(高低温)。①吸附法是一种最常用的消除甲醛的方法,该方法使用大比表面积的强吸附性材料吸附甲醛,如常用的大比表面积的强吸附性材料为多孔碳材料、活性炭、层状粘土、分子筛、活性氧化铝、硅胶等,此种方法简单,但其不足之处是吸附剂的吸附容量有限,需要定期更换,增加了消除甲醛的成本;②化学吸收法是将甲醛与某些活性物质相作用生成不挥发物质,从而将甲醛从净化对象中移除,例如甲醛与硫酸羟胺水溶液作用生成不挥发的硫酸及肟,甲醛与咪唑烷作用生成不挥发性物质,此方法需要定期更换活性物质,不仅增加消除甲醛的成本,同时会产生新的潜在的污染物;③光催化法是使用二氧化钛类催化剂将甲醛氧化消除,基本原理是光照激发二氧化钛产生强氧化性的空穴,空穴将甲醛氧化为二氧化碳与水的产物,产物中多余的氧源自光电子激活的氧分子,这种方法的不足之处在于受光照条件的影响,难以处理大量的甲醛;④等离子体催化法可以在常温常压条件下进行,但是过程中可能产生臭氧及氮氧化物,并且等离子体设备昂贵,能耗高;⑤催化燃烧法是指在有催化剂条件下甲醛被氧分子氧化生成水与二氧化碳,通常的过渡金属氧化物都可以催化甲醛氧化,但是甲醛的完全氧化温度与催化剂种类密切相关。
经检索发现专利号200610011398.4,公开号为CN101028595,专利名称为:“一种锰铈复合氧化物催化剂及制备方法和应用”的发明专利。其说明书公开了Mn-Ce-O纳米复合氧化物,该甲醛去除剂不使用贵金属,成本较低,但其催化活性不高,需要在100℃左右才能将甲醛完全氧化,使用时需要提供能量加热催化剂,造成能源的浪费。
经检索还发现专利号CN200710121423.9,公开号为CN101380574,专利名称为:“一种室温催化完全氧化甲醛的催化剂”的发明专利。其说明书公开了Pt/TiO2催化剂在室温条件下就可以高效的将甲醛完全氧化,但该催化剂采用较高载量的贵金属Pt,成本较高,而且Pt作为催化剂容易被空气中的SO2、NO2等污染失去活性。
发明内容
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题,提供一种无二次污染、无需更换材料、成本较低并且不易失去活性的用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将络合剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂加入去离子水中,充分溶解后在搅拌的条件下加入0.047mol/L的PdCl2的溶液,其中,Pd与络合剂的摩尔浓度比为1∶2;Pd与缓冲剂的摩尔浓度比为1∶2;Pd与稳定剂的摩尔浓度比为1∶0.005;使用氨水或稀盐酸调节混合液的pH值至3-10,使Pd离子得到络合;然后加入炭载体,控制PdCl2和炭载体的质量比为1%~5%;超声振荡并搅拌,使Pd活性物质在炭表面均匀分散,即得原料炭浆。
(2)在惰性气保护的状态下,于80℃下在原料炭浆中逐滴加入可引入硼元素的还原剂,搅拌0.5-24h,使Pd得到还原沉积在载体表面。
(3)还原过程结束后,经过离心、清洗后,在惰性气体保护的条件下对步骤(2)制得的固体物质进行干燥,即可得到用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末。
本发明还可以采用如下技术措施:
所述步骤(1)中所述的络合剂采用柠檬酸钠或乙二胺;
所述步骤(1)中所述的缓冲剂采用氯化铵或硼酸;
所述步骤(1)中所述稳定剂采用巯基苯骈噻唑或3-3-硫代二丙腈;
所述步骤(1)中所述的可引入硼元素的还原剂采用二甲基氨硼烷或叔丁基氨硼烷。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明采用了低载量、高分散度的Pd作为甲醛氧化催化剂,解决了Pt/TiO2作为催化剂成本过高及Mn-Ce-O纳米复合氧化物需要高温催化的技术问题,制得甲醛去除剂在40℃就具有较高的催化活性,可以与室内的暖气片、太阳能集热器等联用高效的去除室内甲醛。
2、本发明在制备过程中采用了硼元素还原剂进行液相还原,形成成了Pd-B合金催化剂,具有较好的抗催化剂中毒性能。
3、本发明具有工艺简单、可控性高、可处理气体浓度范围宽的特点。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及功效,兹举以下实施例,详细说明如下:
实施例1
(1)取15mL去离子水,将100mg柠檬酸钠(络合剂)、200mg硼酸(缓冲剂)、10μL0.1mol/L的巯基苯骈噻唑溶液(稳定剂)加入其中,超声分散0.5h,待充分溶解后在搅拌的条件下滴入0.047mol/L PdCl2溶液5mL,使用氨水调节混合液的pH值至3,使Pd离子得到充分络合后,加入XC-72活性炭5.2g,超声振荡并搅拌分散得到原料炭浆。
(2)将0.2g三甲基氨硼烷(还原剂)溶解于10mL去离子水中,使用滴液漏斗将其逐滴加入到炭浆当中,滴加时间为2h,滴加过程保持恒温与强搅拌,还原温度为80℃,后续的还原时间为8h。
(3)还原过程结束后,对产物进行离心分离,清洗、干燥,取出后即得用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末。
实施例2.
(1)取15mL去离子水,将50mg乙二胺(络合剂)、40mg氟化铵(缓冲剂)、10μL0.1mol/L的3-3’-硫代二丙腈溶液(稳定剂)加入其中,超声分散1h,待充分溶解后在搅拌的条件下滴入0.047mol/L PdCl2溶液5mL,使用氨水调节混合液的pH值至10,使Pd离子得到充分络合后,加入XC-72活性炭5.2g,超声振荡分散得到原料炭浆,加强搅拌并加。
(2)将0.2g叔丁基氨硼烷(还原剂)溶解于10mL去离子水中,使用滴液漏斗将其逐滴加入到炭浆当中,滴加时间为0.5h,滴加过程保持恒温与强搅拌,还原温度为80℃,后续的还原时间为8h。直至Pd充分还原。
(3)还原过程结束后,对产物进行离心分离,清洗、干燥,取出后即得用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末。
上述方法制得的Pd-B/C粉末可以在40℃左右就高效的催化甲醛氧化,生成CO2和H2O。分别取实施例1和2制得甲醛去除剂100毫克,放置于管式固定床反应器中进行实验,实验条件如下:氧气20%,氦气80%,甲醛气体用甲醛气体发生器产生,由氦气吹入反应体系,控制甲醛浓度为0.01%,反应空速(GHSV)为50,000h-1,反应温度为40℃。活性评价结果表明甲醛消除率分别为91.8%、92.6%。相比之下,采用Mn-Ce-O催化剂,甲醛去除率在60℃不超过30%,在90℃的甲醛去除率在才能达到90%以上。
尽管上面对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,并不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可以作出很多形式。这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将络合剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂加入去离子水中,充分溶解后在搅拌的条件下加入0.047mol/L的PdCl2的溶液,其中,Pd与络合剂的摩尔浓度比为1∶2;Pd与缓冲剂的摩尔浓度比为1∶2;Pd与稳定剂的摩尔浓度比为1∶0.005;使用氨水或稀盐酸调节混合液的pH值至3-10,使Pd离子得到络合;然后加入炭载体,控制PdCl2和炭载体的质量比为0.8%;超声振荡并搅拌,使Pd活性物质在炭表面均匀分散,即得原料炭浆。
(2)在惰性气保护的状态下,于80℃下在原料炭浆中逐滴加入可引入硼元素的还原剂,搅拌8h,使Pd得到还原沉积在载体表面。
(3)还原过程结束后,经过离心、清洗后,在惰性气体保护的条件下对步骤(2)制得的固体物质进行干燥,即可得到用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的络合剂为柠檬酸钠或乙二胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的缓冲剂为氯化铵或硼酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述稳定剂为巯基苯骈噻唑或3-3’-硫代二丙腈。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用作甲醛去除剂的Pd-B/C粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的可引入硼元素的还原剂为二甲基氨硼烷或叔丁基氨硼烷。
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