CN108236678B - 一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法 - Google Patents
一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108236678B CN108236678B CN201711237710.6A CN201711237710A CN108236678B CN 108236678 B CN108236678 B CN 108236678B CN 201711237710 A CN201711237710 A CN 201711237710A CN 108236678 B CN108236678 B CN 108236678B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/82—Preparation or application process involves sonication or ultrasonication
Abstract
本发明涉及一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其包括以下工艺步骤:将已经粉碎过筛的竹叶粉加入离子液体水溶液A,超声辅助提取后,得到提取液,提取液过滤得到滤液A和固体物料A;将固体物料A加入离子液体水溶液B,超声辅助提取后,得到提取液,提取液过滤得到滤液B;将滤液B加入有机溶剂萃取,静置分层,获得上层有机相萃取液和下层萃余液,将上层有机萃取液减压浓缩,即得竹叶总黄酮。该方法是一种竹叶黄酮成分提取制备的新工艺,所得竹叶黄酮提取率高、纯度品质高,离子液体可以循环使用,操作方便,具有良好的推广应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物提取与分离技术领域,具体地涉及一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法。
背景技术
竹资源作为一种非木质资源,有“世界第二大森林”之称,以实现竹资源开发利用而兴起的竹产业也已经成为全世界公认的绿色产业,具有巨大的经济效益和生态价值。中国是世界上竹资源最丰富的国家之一,享有“竹子王国”的佳誉。研究表明,竹叶中含有许多丰富的化学成分,包括黄酮类、酚酸类、多糖、香豆素内酯、蒽醌类化合物、氨基酸、芳香物质和锰、锌、硒等微量元素。其中竹叶黄酮主要以荭草苷、异荭草苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷等为主,具有抑菌杀菌、消炎、消肿、降血脂以及清除氧自由基等功能。因此,已受到人们的广泛重视和研究,在食品添加剂、天然药物、功能性食品及护肤化妆品等领域市场前景广阔。
现有从竹叶中提取竹叶黄酮的方法一般采用水、乙醇水溶液等极性大的溶剂提取后,再采用大孔吸附树脂或膜过滤等后续精制方法获得。这些方法的不足之处是,由于采用的水、乙醇水溶液等极性大的溶剂溶解性广泛,故选择性不强,提取液中杂质较多(如蛋白质、多糖和鞣质等),对于黄酮的单次提取率不高,一般为40-60%;而且给进一步分离带来很多麻烦,后续精制工艺流程操作相对繁琐、费时。
离子液体是在室温或接近室温( 低于100℃ ) 下完全由离子组成呈液态的盐,一般由体积较大的有机阳离子和体积较小的无机阴离子组成。与传统的有机溶剂相比,离子液体具有一系列突出的优点:几乎无蒸气压,不会造成环境污染且可用于低压条件,因此被称为“绿色溶剂”;不可燃,热稳定性和化学稳定性高;液体状态温度范围宽;还可通过阴阳离子的设计调控其极性及亲水性进而调节对有机化合物、无机化合物及聚合物的溶解性,因而又被称为“可设计性”溶剂;由于离子液体的这些特殊性质,离子液体作为绿色溶剂和功能材料受到人们的广泛关注,目前已有离子液体用于植物提取领域的报道,展现了广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法的技术方案,该方法克服了以往方法提取率较低、提取物杂质较多等问题,该方法具有高效、简单、成本较低、适合一定规模化生产的优点。
所述的一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)将已经粉碎过筛的竹叶粉加入离子液体水溶液A,超声辅助提取后,得到提取液,提取液过滤得到滤液A和固体物料A,所述的离子液体水溶液A中离子液体为1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,离子浓度为0.5~2mol/L,竹叶粉与离子液体水溶液质量体积比为1∶10~100;
(2)将固体物料A加入离子液体水溶液B,超声辅助提取后,得到提取液,提取液过滤得到滤液B,所述的离子液体水溶液B中离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐,离子液体浓度为0.5~2mol/L,固体物料A与离子液体水溶液B质量体积比为1∶10~100;
(3)将滤液B加入有机溶剂萃取,静置分层,获得上层有机相萃取液和下层萃余液,将上层有机萃取液减压浓缩,即得竹叶总黄酮。
所述的一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(1)和(2)中超声辅助提取条件为:超声提取时间为30~90min,超声功率300~500W。
所述的一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(3)中有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯或正丁醇。
所述的一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(3)中下层萃余液用减压浓缩除去上层残余有机溶剂,用水稀释成适当浓度,继续使用;或者将下层萃余液减压浓缩完全去除水和有机溶剂,干燥后,获得回收离子液体,在干燥环境保存,在以后提取分离中循环使用。
根据本发明的方法,利用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮,充分利用了离子液体可设计性,首先应用一种离子液体选择性地除去竹叶中的非黄酮类小分子化学成分,再应用另一种离子液体高效提取竹叶黄酮成分,该方法所得竹叶黄酮提取率大于90%,总黄酮纯度大于70%;同时,所用离子液体通过合适方法可以再次循环使用。该方法是一种竹叶黄酮成分提取制备的新工艺,所得竹叶黄酮提取率高、纯度品质高,离子液体可以循环使用,操作方便,具有良好的推广应用前景。
附图说明
图1 实施例1离子液体提取后滤液A液相色谱图,图中峰1-4 分别绿原酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸及阿魏酸;
图2 实施例1离子液体提取后滤液B竹叶黄酮液相色谱图,图中峰1-4 分别为异荭草苷、荭草苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷;
图3 实施例2离子液体提取后滤液B竹叶黄酮液相色谱图,图中峰1-4 分别为异荭草苷、荭草苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷;
图4 实施例3离子液体提取后滤液B竹叶黄酮液相色谱图,图中峰1-4 分别为异荭草苷、荭草苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
所述竹叶粉末的制备方法为:所用竹叶原料先脱水干燥至水分含量在10% 以下,粉碎机破碎过20目以上筛网,所得粉末密封后,在干燥的环境中储存。
实验采用分析竹叶提取液中酚酸和黄酮的液相色谱条件为:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶C18 色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm, 5μm)为填充剂,0.5%乙酸水溶液(A相)与乙腈(B相)(90:10)为流动相,检测波长为340nm。流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μl。
实施例1
取5g 竹叶粉加入1mol/L 1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液100ml,静置放置1小时,超过功率400W下,超声提取30min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤得到滤液A及固体物料A。经HPLC分析显示,滤液A主要含有竹叶酚酸(如绿原酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸及阿魏酸等)及其少量竹叶黄酮成分(见图1)。
过滤后固体物料A再加入1mol/L 1-己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液100ml(固体物料A与1-己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液质量体积比为1:20),静置放置1小时,超过功率400W下,超声提取60min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤得到滤液B及固体物料B。经HPLC分析显示,滤液B主要为异荭草苷、荭草苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷等竹叶黄酮成分(见图2)。
所得滤液B加入水饱和乙酸乙酯萃取5次,每次100ml,合并乙酸乙酯液,用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,即得竹叶总黄酮,测得乙酸乙酯萃取黄酮回收率接近100% (对滤液B计算得率为99.9%,黄酮含量采用HPLC法以异荭草苷、荭草苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷等4种黄酮的含量总和计,下同),总黄酮含量为81.1%。下层水液用旋转蒸发仪除去残余乙酸乙酯后,可用调配成适当浓度,继续使用。如结束该提取进程,可减压浓缩蒸干,得到1-己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体回收率为95.2%。
实施例2
取5g 竹叶粉加入1mol/L 1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液100ml,静置放置1小时,超过功率500W下,超声提取60min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤得到滤液A及固体物料A。
固体物料A再加入1mol/L 1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液100ml(固体物料A与1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液质量体积比为1:20),静置放置1小时,超过功率500W下,超声提取90min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤后得到滤液B及固体物料B。
所得滤液B加入水饱和正丁醇萃取5次,每次100ml,合并正丁醇液,用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,即得竹叶总黄酮,测得萃取黄酮回收率为99.5% ,总黄酮含量为80.6%(见图3)。下层水液用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,得到1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体回收率为96.2%。
实施例3
取5g 竹叶粉加入1.5 mol/L 1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液100ml,静置放置1小时,超过功率300W下,超声提取90min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤得到滤液A及固体物料A。
固体物料A再加入1mol/L 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐水溶液100ml(固体物料A与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐水溶液质量体积比为1:20),静置放置1小时,超过功率300W下,超声提取30min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤后得到滤液B及固体物料B。
所得滤液B加入水饱和乙酸乙酯萃取5次,每次100ml,合并乙酸乙酯液,用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,即得竹叶总黄酮,总黄酮含量为71.9%(见图4)。下层水液用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,得到1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐回收率为94.3%。
实施例4
取5g 竹叶粉加入1.5 mol/L 1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液500ml,静置放置1小时,超过功率500W下,超声提取60min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤得到滤液A及固体物料A。
固体物料A再加入1mol/L 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液500ml(固体物料A与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液质量体积比为1:100),静置放置1小时,超过功率500W下,超声提取60min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤后得到滤液B及固体物料B。
所得滤液B加入水饱和乙酸乙酯萃取5次,每次100ml,合并乙酸乙酯液,用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,即得竹叶总黄酮,测得萃取黄酮回收率为96.8% ,总黄酮含量为71.4%。下层水液用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,得到1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐回收率为90.3%。
实施例5
取5g 竹叶粉加入1.5 mol/L 1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液250ml,静置放置1小时,超过功率300W下,超声提取60min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤得到滤液A及固体物料A。
固体物料A再加入1mol/L 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液250ml(固体物料A与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐水溶液质量体积比为1:50),静置放置1小时,超过功率300W下,超声提取60min后,得到提取液,滤纸过滤后得到滤液B及固体物料B。
所得滤液B加入水饱和正丁醇萃取5次,每次100ml,合并正丁醇液,用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,即得竹叶总黄酮,测得萃取黄酮回收率为95.9% ,总黄酮含量为73.9%。下层水液用旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩蒸干,得到1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐回收率为91.6%。
Claims (3)
1.一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于由以下工艺步骤组成:
(1)将已经粉碎过筛的竹叶粉加入离子液体水溶液A,超声辅助提取后,得到提取液,提取液过滤得到滤液A和固体物料A,所述的离子液体水溶液A中离子液体为1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,离子浓度为0.5~2mol/L,竹叶粉与离子液体水溶液质量体积比为1∶10~100;
(2)将固体物料A加入离子液体水溶液B,超声辅助提取后,得到提取液,提取液过滤得到滤液B,所述的离子液体水溶液B中离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐,离子液体浓度为0.5~2mol/L,固体物料A与离子液体水溶液B质量体积比1∶10~100;
(3)将滤液B加入有机溶剂萃取,有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯或正丁醇,静置分层,获得上层有机相萃取液和下层萃余液,将上层有机相萃取液减压浓缩,即得竹叶总黄酮。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(1)和(2)中超声辅助提取条件为:超声提取时间为30~90min,超声功率300~500W。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种应用离子液体提取制备竹叶黄酮的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(3)中下层萃余液用减压浓缩除去上层残余有机溶剂,用水稀释成适当浓度,继续使用;或者将下层萃余液减压浓缩完全去除水和有机溶剂,干燥后,获得回收离子液体,在干燥环境保存,在以后提取分离中循环使用。
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