CN108223379A - 支撑螺杆式压缩机转子的轴承组和压缩机的装配方法 - Google Patents

支撑螺杆式压缩机转子的轴承组和压缩机的装配方法 Download PDF

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CN108223379A
CN108223379A CN201711319158.5A CN201711319158A CN108223379A CN 108223379 A CN108223379 A CN 108223379A CN 201711319158 A CN201711319158 A CN 201711319158A CN 108223379 A CN108223379 A CN 108223379A
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bearing
axis
angular contact
contact ball
cylinder roller
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汤姆·德·罗斯特
托马斯·格鲁鲍尔
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/02—Arrangements of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/542—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/545—Systems comprising at least one rolling bearing for radial load in combination with at least one rolling bearing for axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/061—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing mounting a plurality of bearings side by side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/063—Fixing them on the shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2230/00—Manufacture
    • F04C2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F04C2240/52—Bearings for assemblies with supports on both sides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/26—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations
    • F16C2240/34—Contact angles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/43—Screw compressors

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于支撑螺杆式压缩机的轴承组，包括至少一个角接触球轴承(10)、至少一个圆柱滚子轴承(12)和供这两轴承设置于其上的轴(14)。提出的是，所述角接触球轴承距离所述轴的质量中心(16)的间距比所述圆柱滚子轴承短。

Description

支撑螺杆式压缩机转子的轴承组和压缩机的装配方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于支撑螺杆式压缩机转子的轴承组，所述轴承组包括至少一个角接触球轴承、至少一个圆柱滚子轴承以及供这两种轴承设置于其上的轴。
背景技术
已知一种螺杆式压缩机(screw compressor)，包括轴承组，该轴承组包括轴、角接触球轴承和NJ设计的圆柱滚子轴承。角接触球轴承和圆柱滚子轴承附接于轴，轴支撑螺杆式压缩机的螺杆。圆柱滚子轴承被设置成比角接触球轴承更靠近轴的质量中心。这两个轴承以加工后的状态(in processed state)交付给螺杆式压缩机的制造商，使得轴承在安装在(之前跟轴承匹配的)外壳与(跟外壳和轴承匹配的)轴之间之后，理想的螺杆式压缩机的头部间距(head spacing)被设定。换言之，这两个轴承已经被预先调整好了。满足相同目的的进一步预先调整的轴承组可以为：NU型设计的圆柱滚子轴承加四点轴承(一起)，或者圆柱滚子轴承加两个角接触球轴承。作为一种选择，未被预先调整的轴承也被用于制造螺杆式压缩机，结果是所述调整发生在螺杆式压缩机的组装期间。最后提到的轴承通常是由螺杆式压缩机制造商出于更经济的目的而被购买。
发明内容
本发明的目的特别在于实现高效率。该目的通过本发明的以下特征创造性地加以实现：所述角接触球轴承距离所述轴的质量中心(亦称“质心”)的间距比所述圆柱滚子轴承短；先将角接触球轴承装配在所述螺杆式压缩机的轴上，然后再将圆柱滚子轴承装配在所述轴上。本发明的有益设计和进一步发展可以由从属技术方案获得。
本发明涉及一种用于支撑螺杆式压缩机的轴承组，包括至少一个角接触球轴承、至少一个圆柱滚子轴承和供这两个轴承(在上面)设置的轴。
本发明提出，所述角接触球轴承与所述圆柱滚子轴承相比距所述轴的质量中心(center of mass)的间距(spacing)更短。根据本发明能够实现高效率。特别地，能够实现用于制造轴承组的低成本，特别是用于调整螺杆式压缩机的头部间距能够实现低成本。特别能够实现的是，圆柱滚子轴承的轴向尺寸的精度(accuracies)对于调整螺杆式压缩机的头部间距而言至多产生微小的影响。
附图说明
另外的优点从下面的附图说明得到。附图示出了本发明的示例性实施方式。附图、说明书和权利要求书包含了许多特征组合。本领域技术人员还将有利地以单个的方式以及以另有意义的组合的方式考虑这些特征。
图1显示本发明所述轴承组的局部截面图。
附图标记说明
10 角接触球轴承
12 圆柱滚子轴承
14 轴
16 质量中心(center of mass)
18 端部区域
20 内圈
22 轴向
24 外圈
26 座
28 方向
30 盘
32 头部间距(head spacing)
34 盘
36 螺杆
38 附接元件
40 内圈
具体实施方式
图1显示包括了本发明的轴承组(bearing assembly)的螺杆式压缩机的一部分的局部截面图。轴承组支撑螺杆式压缩机的转子，所述转子包含螺杆。轴承组的轴14是转子的一部分。此外，螺杆组件包括角接触球轴承10和圆柱滚子轴承12。角接触球轴承10的内圈20和圆柱滚子轴承12的内圈40直接设置在轴14上。角接触球轴承10与轴14的质量中心(center of mass)16的间距(spacing)短于圆柱滚子轴承12(与轴14的质量中心16的间距)。此外，圆柱滚子轴承12设置在轴14的端部区域18。
此外，圆柱滚子轴承12具有NJP设计。这意味着圆柱滚子轴承12的外圈包括两个凸缘(flanges)并且内圈40自身不包括凸缘，而是圆柱滚子轴承12的盘(disc)30形成内圈40用的凸缘。
角接触球轴承10的内圈20的端侧(end-side)抵靠轴14的肩部。该内圈20的另外一端抵靠在盘30上。在将这两个轴承安装在轴14上的过程中，先将角接触球轴承10装配在轴14上，在紧随该步骤之后，螺杆式压缩机的头部间距32已经能够被测量，并且被测量。所述头部间距32存在于完全装配状态下的螺杆式压缩机中。为了测量头部间距，轴14在轴向上前后移动。与现有技术中仅当轴承组完全装配时才能进行头部间距的测量相比，这种测量体现出优势。在该装配阶段，头部间距已经确定无疑可以测量。这是因为对于头部间距的限定来说，只有角接触球轴承10完全安装在轴上才是重要的。在该位置状态下，角接触球轴承10的外圈面对质量中心的端侧位置限定出相对于同样面对质量中心的角接触球轴承的内圈端侧的位置的头部间距。
在将角接触球轴承10装配于轴14并且在所述测量之后，将圆柱滚子轴承12(其一部分为盘30)装配于轴14上，并且随后将螺杆36螺接拧入(screwed-in)轴14中，该螺杆36将内圈和盘30压靠在轴14的肩部上。此外，附件(attachment element)38固定于螺杆式压缩机的外壳(housing)26上，用于将两个轴承压靠在盘34上，从而压靠所述外壳的肩部。角接触球轴承10的外圈24抵靠盘34，盘34在轴向28上设置在外圈24与外壳的肩部之间。
在实践中几乎所有的情况下，力都是沿轴向作用在轴14上，并试图使轴14相对于外壳移动。所述力从端部区域18开始面向质量中心16，指向轴向22。如果该力作用在轴14上，则螺杆36将该力传递到内圈20，内圈20进而将力传递到角接触球轴承的外圈24上，从而最终传递到外壳26上。
从零位置开始，通过在与方向22反向的方向28上向轴14施加力的作用，可以使轴14朝向两个轴承移动轴承组相对于外壳的轴向轴承间隙(clearance)所对应的距离。轴向轴承间隙由盘30限定。其可以被端侧研磨(ground)使得合适的轴承间隙被设定。作为另外一种选择，合适的盘还可以简单地选自一系列的盘(a set of discs)。于是，圆柱滚子轴承12的外圈端侧无需被加工。由于头部间距决定了螺杆式压缩机的性能，因此精确地设定头部间距是非常重要的。
角接触球轴承10和圆柱滚子轴承12这两者均为单列的。
所述的装置的一个优点在于，这两个轴承可以在已经设定了正确的轴向轴承间隙的情况下(假设盘34已经设定)交付给螺杆式压缩机的制造商，因此可以在无需得到正确的头部间距的调整过程的情况下安装轴承。因此避免了在调整过程中付出的努力。此外，与现有技术中已知的用于螺杆式压缩机的转子的轴承组相比，在制造轴承方面的努力也较少。
与在轴承先安装圆柱滚子轴承随后安装角接触球轴承的轴承组相比，本发明的轴承组具有以下优点：圆柱滚子轴承的宽度尺寸对头部间距没有影响。与先将圆柱滚子轴承安装在轴上的轴承组相比，本发明的轴承组的另一个优点在于，本发明的轴承组对不对中不敏感(less susceptible to misalignment)，不易受轴承不对中的影响。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于支撑螺杆式压缩机转子的轴承组，包括至少一个角接触球轴承(10)、至少一个圆柱滚子轴承(12)和供这两种所述轴承设置于其上的轴(14)，其特征在于，所述角接触球轴承距离所述轴的质量中心(16)的间距比所述圆柱滚子轴承短。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承组，其特征在于，所述圆柱滚子轴承设置在所述轴的端部区域(18)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组，其特征在于，所述圆柱滚子轴承具有NJ设计、NUP设计或NJP设计。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组，其特征在于，所述角接触球轴承被设置为其传递的力在轴向上(22)朝向所述轴的质量中心作用在所述角接触球轴承的内圈(20)上，通过所述角接触球轴承的外圈(24)作用在所述轴承组的外壳(26)上。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组，其特征在于，当有力沿着远离所述质量中心的轴向(28)作用在所述角接触球轴承的内圈(20)上时存在的所述轴承组的轴向轴承游隙，由形成所述圆柱滚子轴承的凸缘的盘(30)限定。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组，其特征在于，所述角接触球轴承的外圈(24)与所述轴承组的外壳(26)之间在轴向(28)上设置有盘(34)。
7.一种螺杆式压缩机，包括根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组。
8.一种螺杆式压缩机的装配方法，其特征在于，将角接触球轴承装配在所述螺杆式压缩机的轴上，然后将圆柱滚子轴承装配在所述轴上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在装配所述角接触球轴承之后和装配所述圆柱滚子轴承之前，测量所述螺杆式压缩机的头部间距(32)。
CN201711319158.5A 2016-12-12 2017-12-12 支撑螺杆式压缩机转子的轴承组和压缩机的装配方法 Pending CN108223379A (zh)

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