CN108223080B - 排气后处理系统的混合设备、排气后处理系统和内燃机 - Google Patents
排气后处理系统的混合设备、排气后处理系统和内燃机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于内燃机的SCR排气后处理系统,即用于混合前还原剂的前身物质与排气的混合设备,具有壳体,其中壳体提供混合腔室和消音器,其中壳体在入口侧处包括用于供给管线的入口连接件,排气可经由供给管线而引入到壳体中,其中壳体在与入口侧相对的出口侧处包括用于排出管线的出口连接件,排气和与排气混杂的还原剂可经由排出管线从壳体中排出,其中入口连接件和出口连接件的纵向轴线相对于彼此偏移且彼此平行地延伸,其中壳体接收引入装置以在排气中引入还原剂的前身物质,引入装置在入口侧处定位在出口连接件的纵向轴线的区域中,其中在壳体的入口侧和出口侧之间的壳体的长度以及因而混合腔室的长度等于入口连接件的直径的至少1.9倍且最大7倍。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于排气后处理系统的混合设备、内燃机的排气后处理系统和具有排气后处理系统的内燃机。
背景技术
在例如在发电站中采用的固定内燃机中的燃烧过程中,以及在例如在轮船上采用的非固定内燃机中的燃烧过程,产生氮氧化物,其中,这些氮氧化物典型地在燃烧诸如煤、沥青煤、褐煤、原油、重燃油或柴油的含有硫磺的矿物燃料的期间产生。由于这个原因,对这样的内燃机分派排气后处理系统,它用来清洁内燃机的排气,特别是使排气脱氮。
为了减少排气中的氮氧化物,根据实践,主要在排气后处理系统中采用所谓的催化转换器。在SCR催化转换器中,氮氧化物发生选择性催化还原(SCR),其中,对于氮氧化物的还原,需要氨(NH3)作为还原剂。将诸如例如尿素的氨前身物质以液体形式在SCR催化转换器上游引入到排气中,其中,氨前身物质在SCR催化转换器上游与排气混合且掺合而形成还原剂。为此,根据实践,在氨前身物质的引入装置和SCR催化转换器之间提供混合和分解区段。
根据DE 10 2015 103 303 B3,了解到一种混合设备用于内燃机的排气后处理系统,它被称为混合箱,它用来将添加剂混合到排气流中。这个混合设备包括壳体,壳体提供用于排气和添加剂的混合腔室,其中,壳体在入口侧处包括用于供给管线的入口连接件,排气可经由供给管线引入到壳体中,以及其中,壳体在与入口侧相对的出口侧处包括用于排出管线的出口连接件,排气和与排气混合的添加剂可经由排出管线而从壳体中排出。入口连接件或供给管线和出口连接件或排出管线的纵向轴线相对于彼此偏移且彼此平行。壳体接收形成为喷射喷嘴的引入装置,以将添加剂引入到排气中,引入装置在壳体的入口侧处定位在出口连接件的纵向轴线的区域处。
虽然根据实践可容易用包括SCR催化转换器的排气后处理系统成功地实现排气,特别是氮氧化物的还原,但需要进一步改进排气后处理系统。特别地,需要能够以紧凑的设计使得低噪声且有效的排气后处理可行。
发明内容
从这里开始,本发明的目标基于建立一种用于排气后处理系统的新型混合设备、排气后处理系统和具有排气后处理系统的内燃机,其以紧凑的设计使得低噪声且有效的排气后处理是可行的。
此目标通过根据本公开的混合设备解决。
根据本发明,混合设备的壳体提供混合腔室和消音器,其中,壳体在入口侧处包括用于供给管线的入口连接件,排气可经由供给管线而引入到壳体中,其中,壳体在与入口侧相对的出口侧处包括用于排出管线的出口连接件,排气和与排气混合的还原剂可经由排出管线而从壳体中排出,其中,入口连接件和出口连接件的纵向轴线相对于彼此偏移且彼此平行或成直角地延伸,其中,壳体接收引入装置,以将还原剂的前身物质引入到排气中,引入装置在入口侧处定位在出口连接件的纵向轴线的区域中,其中,在壳体的入口侧和出口侧之间的壳体的长度以及因而混合腔室的长度等于入口连接件或供给管线的直径的至少1.9倍且最大7倍,以及其中,在壳体的入口侧和出口侧之间延伸的壳体的壁之间的壳体的宽度等于入口连接件或供给管线的直径的最大3倍。根据本发明的混合设备以紧凑的尺寸允许有效混杂氨前身物质与排气且因此有效的排气后处理。混合设备的提供混合腔室的壳体此外提供消音器,以便减小排气后处理的噪声。利用紧凑的设计,使得低噪声且有效的排气后处理成为可能。
优选地,壳体的长度等于入口连接件或供给管线的直径的至少2.2倍,优选地至少3.3倍。壳体的宽度等于入口连接件或供给管线的直径的最大2.5倍,优选地最大1.8倍。这些特性以紧凑的尺寸允许有效且低噪声的排气后处理。
根据另一个有利改进,出口连接件或排出管线的直径在尺寸上设置成使得出口连接件的区域中的流速度等于最大70 m/s,优选地最大60 m/s,特别优选地至少50 m/s。这些特征特别是用于进一步降低噪声。
根据另一个有利改进,壳体的高度在尺寸上设置成使得入口连接件和出口连接件的纵向轴线的偏移等于入口连接件或供给管线的直径的至少1倍,优选地至少1.5倍,特别优选地至少2倍。这些特征同时还用来提供紧凑的设计以及有效且低噪声的排气后处理。
附图说明
从以下描述中获得本发明的另外的优选改进。通过图(但不限于此)更详细地阐明本发明的示例性实施例。其中:
图1显示根据本发明的内燃机的透视图,内燃机具有根据本发明的排气后处理系统和根据本发明的混合设备;
图2显示图1的内燃机的侧视图;
图3显示根据本发明的混合设备的区域中的图1的细节的侧视图;
图4显示图3的细节的平面图;以及
图5显示排放控制装置的区域中的图1的细节的透视图。
部件列表:
10内燃机
11发动机块
12汽缸
13汽缸组
14汽缸组
15排气后处理系统
16排气涡轮增压器
17排气涡轮增压器
18混合设备
19混合设备
20排放控制装置
21排放控制装置
22烟囱
23排出管线
24排出管线
25排出管线
26排出管线
27壳体
28入口侧
29入口连接件
30出口侧
31出口连接件
32纵向轴线
33纵向轴线
34引入装置
35侧壁
36侧壁
37底侧
38顶侧
39壳体
40SCR催化转换器。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于内燃机的排气后处理系统的混合设备、具有这种混合设备的排气后处理系统和具有这种排气后处理系统的内燃机。
图1和2显示内燃机10的优选实施例的不同视图,其中,内燃机10包括具有多个汽缸12的发动机块11,在显示的示例性实施例中,多个汽缸12形成两个汽缸组13、14。此外,内燃机10包括排气后处理系统15,它用来对离开汽缸12的排气进行排气后处理。
在图1和2中显示的内燃机中,各个汽缸组13、14相应地分派有至少一个排气涡轮增压器15和16,其中,离开相应的汽缸组13、14的汽缸12的排气最初被引导通过相应的排气涡轮增压器15、16的涡轮,以便使排气在相应的排气涡轮增压器15、16的涡轮中膨胀,并且在该过程中抽取能量。在相应的排气涡轮增压器15和16的涡轮中抽取的这个能量用在相应的排气涡轮增压器15、16的压缩机中,以压缩待馈送到内燃机的排出空气。
离开相应的排气涡轮增压器15、16(即,其涡轮)的排气随后被引导通过排气后处理系统17的另一个组件,即,通过混合设备18、19和排放控制装置20、21。
在图1和2的内燃机10的显示的优选示例性实施例,在各种情况下,各个汽缸组13、14相应地分派有单独的混合设备18和19和单独的排放控制装置20、21,其中,被引导通过单独的混合设备18、19和单独的排放控制装置20、21的两个汽缸组13、14的排气在排放控制装置20、21的下游合并,并且经由公共烟囱或烟筒21排到环境中。
图1和2显示了相应地在相应的涡轮增压机15、16和相应的混合设备18、19之间延伸的排出管线23和24具有最大180°的转向,优选地最大150°,特别优选地最大120°。
因此,在各种情况下,离开汽缸组13、14的涡轮增压器16、17排气经由在汽缸12和混合设备18、19之间延伸的排出管线23、24从竖向流引导变成水平流引导而转向大约90°一次,而且在各种情况下,如果接下来需要的话,在水平流引导中转向最大60°,优选地转向最大30°至少一次,以便将从排气涡轮增压器16、17发出的排气馈送到混合设备18、19。
在图1和2中,另外的排出管线25、26在相应的混合设备18、19和相应的排放控制装置20、21之间延伸(即,在图1和2的优选示例性实施例中),使得在相应的混合设备18、19和相应的排放控制装置20、21之间延伸的这个排出管线25、26是无转向的,备选地具有最大100°,优选地最大60°,特别优选地最大30°的转向。
排出管线25和26的长度有利地设计成使得在混合设备18和19和排放控制装置20、21之间实现相对于点火频率或它们的模式的延伸长度γ/4。通过这个实施例,尤其可阻抑这些频率。
图3和4显示了排气后处理系统15的混合设备18、19的细节,其中,混合设备是一种装置,其用来混合用于SCR排气后处理的还原剂的前身物质,即,用于混合氨前身物质,诸如尿素,与排气。
混合设备18和19相应地包括壳体27,壳体27一方面提供混合腔室,另一方面提供消音器,即,在图1、2的内燃机中,提供前部消音器,它设计成对高于极限值的频率消声。
在入口侧28处,壳体27包括用于供给管线,即,相应地用于排出管线23和24中的一个的入口连接件29。通过入口侧28的入口连接件29,排气可引入到混合设备18、19的壳体中。此外,壳体27在与入口侧28相对而定位的出口侧30处包括用于排出管线,即,用于排出管线25、26中的一个的出口连接件31,其中,排气和与排气混杂的还原剂可经由出口连接件31而被引导出壳体27。入口连接件29或相应的供给管线的纵向中心轴线32和相应的出口连接件31或相应的排出管线25和26的纵向中心轴线33相对于彼此偏移量ΔX且彼此平行地延伸。
在入口侧28处,壳体28接收引入装置34,引入装置34用来将SCR还原剂的前身物质引入到排气中,其中,这个引入装置34优选地设计成喷射喷嘴,它在入口侧28处定位在出口连接件31的纵向轴线33区域中或者位于那个纵向轴线33上。
混合设备18和19的壳体27相应地具有在壳体27的入口侧28和出口侧30之间的长度l,它等于入口连接件29或连接到入口连接件29上的供给管线的直径(即,相应地在入口连接件29的区域中的排出管线23和24的直径)的至少1.9倍且最大7倍。在入口侧28和出口侧30之间延伸的壁(即壳体27的侧壁35、36)之间的壳体27的宽度b等于入口连接件29的直径的最大3倍,优选地最大2.5倍,特别优选地最大1.8倍。优选地,壳体的长度l等于入口连接件29的直径的至少2.2倍,特别优选地至少3倍且最大7倍。使用这些参数,可确保有效地混杂SCR还原剂的前身物质与排气和分解且因而最终以紧凑的设计确保有效的排气后处理。
如已经阐明的那样,壳体27不仅仅充当混合腔室,而且还用作用于阻抑高于限定极限值的频率的前部消音器。可提供消声,因为在壳体27中形成至少一个消声腔室,即,使得在壳体27中形成赫尔姆霍茨共振器或γ/4-共振器或吸收共振器或反射消音器。
在壳体27的底侧37和顶侧38之间的壳体27的高度h在尺寸上设置成使得入口连接件29和出口连接件31的纵向轴线32、33之间的偏移Δx等于入口连接件29的直径的至少1倍,优选地至少1.5倍,特别优选地至少2倍。这些特征还用来提供具有紧凑设计和形成低噪声的有效排气后处理。
特别是允许入口连接件29的直径且如果合适的话还有出口连接件31的直径等于至少160 mm,优选地至少190 mm,特别优选地至少200 mm。根据另一个特别有利的改进,允许出口连接件31的直径在尺寸上设置成使得出口连接件31的区域中的排气的流速度等于最大170 m/s,优选地最大60 m/s,特别优选地最大50 m/s。通过这样,可避免流噪声,并且从而确保低噪声排气后处理。
穿孔或开槽管可延伸到入口连接件29和出口连接件31中,以便让排气在入口连接件29的区域中经由这个穿孔或开槽管而进入壳体,以及让排气在出口连接件21的区域中经由对应的穿孔或开槽管而离开壳体。通过这些横截面阶差,混合设备充当反射消音器,因此可实现进一步降低噪声。这些单独的穿孔或开槽孔口的自由横截面等于入口连接件29的自由横截面的最大20%,优选地最大10%,最优选地最大5%。
如已经阐明的那样,混合设备18、19一方面用来混合SCR还原剂的前身物质与排气,另一方面用来对高于极限值的频率提供一级消声。在图1和2的示例性实施例中,被引导通过混合设备18、19的排气与和排气混杂且在排气中分解的还原剂共同可经由排出管线25、26,馈送到相应的排放控制装置20和21,其中,相应的排放控制装置20、21包括壳体39,壳体39一方面形成用于接收至少一个SCR催化转换器40的反应器腔室,并且此外提供主要消音器。这种主要消音器则设计成对低于极限值的频率消声。
图5显示了排放控制装置20、21的细节,其中在图5中,在排放控制装置20、21的壳体39中接收总共优选四个SCR催化转换器40,它们定向成彼此平行且在横截面上体现为圆形。在排放控制装置20、21的壳体39中也可接收两个或三个SCR催化转换器40。
为了提供主要消音器,壳体可再次包括至少一个消声腔室,它形成赫尔姆霍茨共振器γ/4-共振器或吸收共振器或反射消音器。排放控制装置20、21的壳体39中的这些消声腔室优选体现在彼此平行地延伸的SCR催化转换器40之间。
通过混合设备18、19的消声腔室的设计,在混合设备18、19上调节由排放控制装置20、21的主要消音器提供的联合消声的至少10%的插入损耗,优选地至少20%,特别优选地至少30%。在这种情况下根据ISO 11820来实现计算插入损耗。
优选地允许相应的混合设备18和19的壳体27的入口侧28和接收在排放控制装置20、21的壳体39中的各个SCR催化转换器40的入口前部面之间的距离等于混合设备18、19的壳体27的入口连接件29的直径的至少3倍,优选地至少4倍,特别优选地至少7倍。这个距离一方面由相应的混合设备18和19的壳体27的长度l限定,并且由相应地在混合设备18、19和排放控制装置20、21之间延伸的排出管线25和26的长度限定。
在某些情况下,可完全省略排出管线25、26,使得相应的混合设备18、19的壳体27的出口连接件31然后直接连接到相应的排放控制装置20、21的壳体39的对应的入口连接件上。
在混合设备18、19中,优选地无论怎样都不布置催化转换器。尤其是当完全省略了排出管线25、26时,催化转换器在某些情况下可延伸到混合设备18、19的区域中,然后占据混合设备18、19的最大10%的容积。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于内燃机的选择性催化还原排气后处理系统的混合设备(18、19),即用于混合还原剂的前身物质与排气的混合设备(18、19),所述混合设备(18、19)具有壳体(27),
其中,所述壳体(27)提供混合腔室和消音器,
其中,所述壳体(27)在入口侧(28)处包括用于供给管线的入口连接件(29),所述排气可经由所述供给管线引入到所述壳体(27)中,
其中,所述壳体(27)在与所述入口侧(28)相对的出口侧(30)处,包括用于排出管线的出口连接件(31),所述排气和与所述排气混杂的还原剂可经由所述排出管线从所述壳体(27)中排出,其中,入口连接件(29)和出口连接件(31)的纵向轴线(32、33)相对于彼此偏移,并且彼此平行或彼此成直角地延伸,
其中,所述壳体(27)接收引入装置(34),以将所述还原剂的所述前身物质引入到所述排气中,所述引入装置(34)在所述入口侧(28)处定位在所述出口连接件(31)的纵向轴线(33)的区域中,
其中,所述壳体(27)的在所述壳体(27)的所述入口侧(28)和所述出口侧(30)之间的长度为所述混合腔室的长度,且其等于所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径的至少1.9倍且最大7倍,
其中,在所述壳体(27)的所述入口侧(28)和所述出口侧(30)之间延伸的所述壳体(27)的侧壁(35、36)之间的所述壳体(27)的宽度b等于所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径的最大3倍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合设备,其特征在于,所述壳体(27)的长度等于所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径的至少2.2倍。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合设备,其特征在于,所述壳体(27)的宽度等于所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径的最大2.5倍。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合设备,其特征在于,所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径等于至少160 mm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合设备,其特征在于,所述出口连接件(31)或所述排出管线的直径在尺寸上设置成使得所述出口连接件(31)的所述区域中的所述排气的流速度等于最大70 m/s。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合设备,其特征在于,所述壳体(27)的高度在尺寸上设置成使得入口连接件(29)和出口连接件(31)的所述纵向轴线(32、33)的偏移等于所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径的至少一倍。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合设备,其特征在于,由所述壳体形成的所述消音器被设计成赫尔姆霍茨共振器或γ/4-共振器或吸收共振器或反射消音器。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合设备,其特征在于,穿孔或开槽管从所述入口连接件(29)延伸和/或进入到所述出口连接件(31)中,以便让所述排气在所述入口连接件(29)的所述区域中经由这个穿孔或开槽管而进入所述壳体(27),并且让所述排气在所述出口连接件(31)的所述区域中经由对应的穿孔或开槽管而离开所述壳体,并且这些单独的穿孔或开槽孔口的自由横截面等于所述入口连接件(29)的自由横截面的最大20%。
9.一种用于内燃机(10)的排气后处理系统(15),其具有
排放控制装置(20、21),其壳体(39)提供用于接收至少一个选择性催化还原催化转换器(40)的反应器腔室和主要消音器,
混合设备(18、19),其定位在所述排放控制装置(20、21)的上游,以混合还原剂的前身物质,所述混合设备(18、19)的壳体(27)提供混合腔室和前部消音器,其中,所述混合设备(18、19)根据权利要求1至8中的任一项设计而成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的排气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述主要消音器比所述混合设备(18、19)更好地阻抑低于极限值的频率,并且/或者所述前部消音器比所述主要消音器更好地阻抑高于极限值的频率。
11.根据权利要求9所述的排气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述前部消音器的插入损耗等于所述主要消音器的插入损耗的至少10%。
12.根据权利要求9至11中的任一项所述的排气后处理系统,其特征在于,所述混合设备(18、19)的所述壳体(27)的所述入口侧和所述选择性催化还原催化转换器(40)或各个选择性催化还原催化转换器(40)的入口前部面之间的距离等于所述入口连接件(29)或所述供给管线的直径的至少3倍。
13.根据权利要求9至11中的任一项所述的排气后处理系统,其特征在于,在所述混合设备(18、19)和所述排放控制装置(20、21)之间延伸的排出管线(25、26)是无转向的。
14.根据权利要求9至11中的任一项所述的排气后处理系统,其特征在于,在所述混合设备(18、19)和所述排放控制装置(20、21)之间延伸的排出管线(25、26)具有100°的最大转向。
15.根据权利要求9至11中的任一项所述的排气后处理系统,其特征在于,在涡轮增压器和所述混合设备(18、19)之间延伸的排出管线(23、24)具有180°的最大转向。
16.一种内燃机(10),其具有多个汽缸(12),它们形成多个汽缸组(13、14),其特征在于,各个汽缸组的排气在各种情况下,可被引导通过至少一个单独的根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的混合设备(18、19),或者在各种情况下,可被引导通过单独的根据权利要求9至15中的任一项所述的排气后处理系统(15)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的内燃机,其特征在于,各个汽缸组的排气可在相应的混合设备(18、19)的下游或相应的排放控制装置(20、21)的下游合并,并且被引导通过公共烟筒(22)。
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