CN108223026A - 涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108223026A
CN108223026A CN201711389777.1A CN201711389777A CN108223026A CN 108223026 A CN108223026 A CN 108223026A CN 201711389777 A CN201711389777 A CN 201711389777A CN 108223026 A CN108223026 A CN 108223026A
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turbine
nozzle ring
plug
housing
unit
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B·霍斯巴赫
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/165—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for radial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/28—Arrangement of seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F01D17/143—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path the shiftable member being a wall, or part thereof of a radial diffuser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/24—Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
    • F05D2230/53—Building or constructing in particular ways by integrally manufacturing a component, e.g. by milling from a billet or one piece construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

一种涡轮增压器(1)，具有用于膨胀第一介质的涡轮机(2)，具有用于利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮机(2)中提取的能量压缩第二介质的压缩机(3)，其中涡轮机(2)具有涡轮机壳体(4)和涡轮机转子(5)，其中压缩机(3)具有压缩机壳体(6)和压缩机转子(7)，该压缩机转子经由轴(8)被联接到涡轮机转子(5)，其中涡轮机壳体(4)和压缩机壳体(6)每一个都被连接到布置在它们之间的轴承壳体(9)，轴(8)被安装在该轴承壳体中，其中涡轮机壳体(4)具有流入壳体(11)、带有导向叶片(16)的喷嘴环(15)和插件(13)，并且其中喷嘴环(15)被居中并且在轴承壳体(9)上经由突起(17)被径向引导。

Description

涡轮增压器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涡轮增压器。
背景技术
图1显示了从惯例中已知的涡轮增压器1的基本结构。涡轮增压器1包括用于膨胀第一介质的涡轮机2，特别是用于膨胀内燃机的废气，其中在第一介质的膨胀期间能量被提取。而且，涡轮增压器1包括用于压缩第二介质的压缩机3，特别是压缩被供给到内燃机的增压空气，也就是使用在涡轮机2中膨胀第一介质期间所提取的能量。
涡轮机1包括涡轮机壳体4和涡轮机转子5。压缩机3包括压缩机壳体6和压缩机转子7。涡轮机转子5和压缩机转子7经由轴8被联接，该轴被安装在轴承壳体9中。轴承壳体9一方面被连接到涡轮机壳体4上，并且另一方面被连接到压缩机壳体6上。
而且，图1显示了可选的消音器10，其被连接到压缩机壳体6上，其中增压空气经由消音器10被引导。
涡轮机壳体4包括流入壳体11和流出壳体12。通过流入壳体11，将被膨胀的第一介质被供给到涡轮机转子，这里是在径向方向上。通过流出壳体12，膨胀的第一介质能够从涡轮机转子5被排出，这里是在轴向方向上。
作为涡轮机壳体4的一部分，图1还显示了插件13和喷嘴环15。插件13在径向外侧沿着涡轮机转子5的动叶片14走向，并且至少部分地界定流入壳体11的流动管道。喷嘴环15包括导向叶片16，其被定位在涡轮机转子5的上游并且用于在涡轮机转子5的上游的流动控制。
到目前为止，插件和喷嘴环的定位产生了困难，特别是考虑到由于在涡轮机壳体4的流入壳体11的区域中的操作所导致的变形。因此，由于在从惯例已知的废气涡轮增压器中在涡轮机壳体4的流入壳体11的区域中的操作所导致的变形影响了插件和喷嘴环的定位，因此在涡轮机2的转子侧组件和定子侧组件之间的间隙经受相同的变化，其能够在转子5中激励振动，并且在极端的情形下能够导致涡轮机转子5的动叶片14撞到定子侧组件，特别是撞到插件13或者摩擦该插件。
发明内容
从这里开始，本发明是基于创造新型的涡轮增压器的目的。这个目的通过根据权利要求1的涡轮增压器得以解决。根据本发明，喷嘴环被居中并且经由突起在轴承壳体上被径向引导。
由于喷嘴环被居中并且经由突起在轴承壳体上被径向引导的事实，喷嘴环的定位不受涡轮机壳体的流入壳体的约束，并且因此也不受由于操作所导致的流入壳体的变形的约束。
根据本发明的进一步的发展，喷嘴环和插件被整体地实施并且形成单个组件。本发明的这种进一步的发展具有的优点是与喷嘴环一起形成单个组件的插件也被居中并且在轴承壳体上经由喷嘴环的突起被径向引导。因此，插件的定位也不受涡轮机壳体的流入壳体的约束，并且因此也不受由于操作所导致的流入壳体的变形的约束。
根据本发明的进一步的发展，弹簧元件作用在流入壳体的一部分上以及插件的一部分上，弹簧元件轴向地在轴承壳体的方向上推动喷嘴环和插件。弹簧元件轴向地定位插件和喷嘴环。通过作用在插件和流入壳体上的弹簧元件，优选地形成单个组件的插件和喷嘴环被推动抵靠着轴承壳体并且因此在轴向方向上被定位。同时，弹簧抵消了在流入壳体的区域中由于操作所导致的变形。
附图说明
通过从属权利要求和下面的描述来获得本发明优选的进一步的发展。通过附图，但不局限于此，更详细地解释本发明的示范性实施例。其中图示了：
图1：通过从惯例已知的涡轮增压器的截面图；
图2：通过根据本发明的涡轮增压器在涡轮增压器的涡轮机的区域中的截面图；
图3：根据本发明的涡轮增压器的细节。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种涡轮增压器。
涡轮增压器1包括用于膨胀第一介质的涡轮机2，特别是用于膨胀内燃机的废气。而且，涡轮增压器1包括用于压缩第二介质的压缩机3，特别是增压空气，也就是利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮机2中所提取的能量。
涡轮机2包括涡轮机壳体4和涡轮机转子5。压缩机3包括压缩机壳体6和压缩机转子7。压缩机转子7经由轴8被联接到涡轮机转子5，该轴被安装在轴承壳体9中，其中轴承壳体9被定位在涡轮机壳体4和压缩机壳体5之间，并且还被连接到涡轮机壳体4和压缩机(原文涡轮机，有误)壳体5。
涡轮机壳体4包括流入壳体11和流出壳体12。通过流入壳体11，其被连接到轴承壳体9，将被膨胀的第一介质能够在涡轮机转子5的径向方向上被引导。通过流出壳体12，其与流入壳体11相连接，膨胀的第一介质能够在轴向方向上从涡轮机转子5被排出。
此外，涡轮机壳体4包括插件13和喷嘴环15。插件13部分地界定用于第一介质的流动管道，其中插件13在径向外侧沿着涡轮机转子5的动叶片14。在涡轮机转子5的上游，喷嘴环15被定位，其包括导向叶片16，其中导向叶片16用于在涡轮机转子5的上游的将被膨胀的第一介质的流动控制。
在这里根据本发明，喷嘴环被居中并且经由突起17在轴承壳体上被径向引导，该突起形成在喷嘴环15的面向轴承壳体9的第一盖环18上。喷嘴环15的这个突起17接合轴承壳体9中的对应的凹槽19。因此，喷嘴环15的居中和径向引导不受涡轮机壳体4的流入壳体11的约束，并且因此也不受流入壳体11的由于操作所导致的变形的约束。
根据本发明的有利的进一步的发展，喷嘴环15和插件13被整体地实施并且根据图3形成单个组件。在这种情形下，喷嘴环15于是包括除了面向轴承壳体9的第一盖环18以外的第二盖环20，其中喷嘴环15的导向叶片16在两个盖环18，20之间延伸，该两个盖环在轴向方向上彼此间隔。
通过喷嘴环15和插件13的整体、单个的实施例，不仅喷嘴环被居中并且在轴承壳体9上被径向引导，而且插件13与喷嘴环15在一起。
根据本发明的另一个有利的进一步的发展，弹簧元件21作用在涡轮机壳体4的流入壳体11的一部分上以及在插件13的一部分上，在所示的图2的示范性实施例中，作用在喷嘴环15的第二盖环20上，该喷嘴环15与插件13一起形成了单个组件，弹簧元件21在轴向方向上抵靠轴承壳体9推动插件13并且因此推动喷嘴环15，也就是，将喷嘴环15的第一盖环18上的突起17轴向推到轴承壳体9的凹槽19中。弹簧元件21因此在轴向方向上定位插件13和喷嘴环15。弹簧元件21在流入壳体11的销状突起22上被引导。
根据图2，密封元件23在插件13和流入壳体11的邻接部分之间被定位在涡轮机转子5的下游，以便密封插件13，特别地在涡轮机转子5的动叶片14的下游抵靠着流入壳体11，密封由插件13和喷嘴环15组成的单个组件。
根据本发明的特别优选的实施例，插件13和喷嘴环15因此被具体化为单个组件，其中这个单个组件被居中并且经由喷嘴环15的突起17在轴承壳体9上被径向引导，并且其中弹簧元件21在轴向方向上定位这个单个组件，也就是在轴向方向上抵着轴承壳体9推动该单个组件。于是涡轮机壳体4的流入壳体11的由于操作所导致的变形不会影响喷嘴环15和插件13的位置，以致特别地在涡轮机转子5的动叶片14和插件13之间因而能够一直保持精确的间隙，因此避免了涡轮机转子5的动叶片14在插件13中的摩擦。
附图标记
1涡轮增压器
2涡轮机
3压缩机
4涡轮机壳体
5涡轮机转子
6压缩机壳体
7压缩机转子
8轴
9轴承壳体
10消音器
11流入壳体
12流出壳体
13插件
14动叶片
15喷嘴环
16导向叶片
17突起
18盖环
19凹槽
20盖环
21弹簧元件
22突起
23密封元件

Claims (9)

1.一种涡轮增压器(1)，
具有用于膨胀第一介质的涡轮机(2)，
具有用于利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮机(2)中提取的能量来压缩第二介质的压缩机(3)，
其中所述涡轮机(2)具有涡轮机壳体(4)和涡轮机转子(5)，
其中所述压缩机(3)具有压缩机壳体(6)和压缩机转子(7)，该压缩机转子经由轴(8)被联接到涡轮机转子(5)，
其中涡轮机壳体(4)和压缩机壳体(6)每一个都被连接到布置在它们之间的轴承壳体(9)，所述轴(8)被安装在该轴承壳体中，
其中涡轮机壳体(4)具有流入壳体(11)、带有导向叶片(16)的喷嘴环(15)和插件(13)，
其特征在于，
所述喷嘴环(15)被居中并且在轴承壳体(9)上经由突起(17)被径向引导。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述喷嘴环(15)的突起(17)接合在轴承壳体(9)中的凹槽(19)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述喷嘴环(15)的突起(17)形成在喷嘴环(15)的第一盖环(18)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述喷嘴环(15)具有第二盖环(20)，其中喷嘴环(15)的导向叶片(16)在第一盖环(18)和第二盖环(20)之间延伸。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述喷嘴环(15)和所述插件(13)被整体地实施。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述喷嘴环(15)和所述插件(13)被实施为单个组件。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，弹簧元件(21)作用在流入壳体(11)的一部分上以及在插件(13)的一部分上，所述弹簧元件在轴承壳体(9)的方向上推动插件(13)和喷嘴环(15)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，弹簧元件(21)轴向地定位插件(13)和喷嘴环(15)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，在涡轮机转子(5)的下游，密封元件(23)被定位在流入壳体(11)和插件(13)之间。
CN201711389777.1A 2016-12-21 2017-12-21 涡轮增压器 Pending CN108223026A (zh)

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