CN108210560B - 一种治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物及其制法 - Google Patents
一种治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物及其制法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物及其制法,该中药组合物是由如下重量配比的原料药组成:黄芪480~520份、灯盏细辛480~520份、朱砂根170~190份、丹参310~350份、葛根270~310份、地龙120~130份、水蛭40~50份;本发明的中药组合物具有化瘀通络利水之功效。该方用于气虚血瘀,脉络瘀阻所致的中风恢复期,症见半身不遂,肢体麻木,口眼歪斜,言语不清或不语,感觉减退或消失等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物及其制法,属于中药领域。
背景技术
中风即现代医学所称急性脑血管疾病,具有很高的发病率、致残率、病死率和复发率,严重影响人类的身心健康和生活质量。我国每年新发脑血管疾病150万人次,急性脑血管疾病患者总数达600万。据统计,城市中脑血管疾病死亡居各种死亡首位。有报道,缺血性中风占全部急性脑血管疾病患者的86%。中风每年造成的直接和间接经济损失高达100亿元以上。
对于中风患者中,气虚血瘀在该病的病因病机中占有重要的地位。气虚血行无力,阴血滞涩、瘀阻脉络脑窍,气虚为本,血瘀为标,瘀血内停,阻滞脉络,可加剧气机阻滞,同时“瘀血不去新血不可生”。瘀血既是病理产物,又是致病因素,血瘀既是缺血的结果,又是缺血的根本原因所在。大量研究表明活血化瘀药能有效地改善血液流变状态,清除自由基,保护血管内皮,减轻临床症状,降低病死率和病残率。对于中风的病机有:风(肝风)、火(肝火、心火)、痰(风痰、痰湿、痰热)、瘀(血瘀)、虚(气虚、血虚、阴虚)、气(气逆)、液(脱液)七端。为本虚标实证,本虚为气血阴阳的亏虚,标实为风火痰瘀。在缺血中风中血瘀、气虚、阴液亏损表现突出,尤以血瘀表现最为突出。七端病机中瘀是最终导致发病的病理因素。缺血中风基本病机为脑络血瘀脉中或脑络络脉闭塞。因此,缺血中风急性期重在驱邪,重症者宜在活血化瘀的基础上予以开窍醒神、熄风降火、涤痰祛雍、清热解毒、通腑泄热等法。缓解期应重视补虚,宜佐以益气养阴、祛风通络止痛等法。
中医治疗中风有数千年的临床实践,临床经验丰富,疗效好,毒副反应小,治疗费用低,显示了中医药治疗中风的优势和良好的发展前景。本项目技术方案创新以“顿宝生教授”为核心的课题组“二根龙蛭汤”为基本方进行改进,但由于“二根龙蛭汤”临床使用中的提取工艺为全部药味水提。水提活性成分不能有效提取,发挥不了药味处方的较好效果,服用不方便。改进提取工艺,提高临床的治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物及其制法,本发明中药组合物具有疗效显著,制备工艺方法科学合理可行,其质量稳定可控,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
本发明专利申请的技术方案如下:
本发明治疗气虚血瘀症中药组合物,它是由如下重量配比的原料药组成:黄芪480~520份、灯盏细辛480~520份、朱砂根170~190份、丹参310~350份、葛根270~310份、地龙120~130份、水蛭40~50份。
作为本发明中药组合物的优选,它是由如下重量配比的原料药组成:黄芪500份、灯盏细辛500份、朱砂根180份、丹参333份、葛根290份、地龙125g份、水蛭45份。
本发明所述治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物的制备方法,它是由如下操作步骤组成:
⑴、取朱砂根、地龙、水蛭药材,干燥温度40~65℃,并粉碎为细粉,过筛,混合均匀后,灭菌,备用;
⑵、将丹参和黄芪药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比8-12倍量,60~80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1~2次,每次回流时间1~3小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量4~8倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度50~70℃,煎煮次数1~3次,煎煮时间1~3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛、葛根药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比8-12倍量60~80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1~2次,每次回流时间1~3小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴混合细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
作为本发明治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物的制备方法,它是由如下操作步骤组成:
⑴、取朱砂根、地龙、水蛭药材,干燥温度50℃,并粉碎为细粉,过筛,混合均匀后,采用钴-60灭菌,得混合细粉,备用;
⑵、将丹参和黄芪药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量,70%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量6倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度为60℃,煎煮次数2次,煎煮时间2小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛、葛根药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴混合细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
脑中风的病机分为气虚、血虚、气虚血瘀、气血逆乱,故在在治疗上以调理气血为核心,根据病因病机治法分为补益气血、益气活血化瘀、活血祛瘀、调理气机。二根龙蛭汤是顿宝生教授在临床治疗缺血性脑中风的经验方,缺血性脑中风分为短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、可逆性神经功能障碍(RIND)、进展性卒中(SIE)、完全性卒中(CS)。顿宝生教授在治疗缺血性脑中风中提出了“化瘀通络利水”理论,认为不管缺血性脑中风的那一型,均离不开血瘀的本质,故治疗以化瘀通络利水作为治疗的根本,以二根龙蛭汤为基本方,以水蛭、地龙、丹参、葛根为核心药味,根据病人的情况进行加减划裁。
本申请的发明人顿宝生教授,根据中医药理论为指导,结合多年临床经验总结的疗效显著的处方。本方由水蛭、地龙、丹参、葛根、朱砂根、灯盏细辛、黄芪等七味药组成,能益气活血利水、化瘀通络。水蛭地龙共为君药,水蛭咸、苦、平而归肝经,破血、逐瘀、通经,地龙咸、寒归肝、脾膀胱经,息风通络、利水,二药共用使瘀血消散,闭阻之经络畅通;臣以丹参、朱砂根、灯盏细辛,丹参苦、寒,归心、肝经,具有活血调经、凉血安神之功效,朱砂根微苦、辛、平,归肺、肝经,具有解毒消肿、活血止痛、祛风除湿之功效,二者相须为用,功专于化瘀,再加活血通络止痛、祛风散寒之灯盏细辛,能上行头目,旁通络脉,使瘀血去、经脉通,头痛止,意识清;佐以葛根,甘辛凉,解肌退热,扩管通脉,使药黄芪甘,微温,归肺、脾经,使邪有出路;全方共奏化瘀通络利水之效。用于气虚血瘀,脉络瘀阻所致的中风恢复期,症见半身不遂,肢体麻木,口眼歪斜,言语不清或不语,感觉减退或消失等。
处方地龙、水蛭、丹参、葛根、红花、川芎、白茅根治疗缺血性脑中风的过程中,重在治标,活血逐瘀通经,以改善患者脑缺血的症状。在大范围临床使用的过程中,出现了许多不显效的病例,为更广泛的治疗病症,需要对处方进行优化。课题组研究认为,缺血性脑中风属于气虚血瘀型,原方中地龙、水蛭、丹参、葛根、红花、川芎、白茅根主要作用是活血化瘀通络利水,没有用到补气血的药物,方中应该加入补气血的药物,以提高原方的疗效。课题组提出了在原方的基础上,进行加减划裁,去掉红花、川芎、白茅根。红花辛、温。归心、肝经。能活血通经,散瘀止痛。川芎辛、温。归肝、胆、心包经。能活血行气,祛风止痛。白茅根甘、寒,归肺、胃、膀胱经。能凉血止血,清热利尿。在有方中红花、川芎味辛燥,有伤阴血不利血行之弊;白茅根性寒,能凉血,葛根辛凉,不宜再用辛凉之品,阴虚生热,葛根就能去热,太过寒凉有留瘀之弊,故需去掉红花、川芎和白茅根。课题组研究加入黄芪、灯盏细辛、朱砂根。黄芪,甘,微温,归肺、脾经。能补气升阳。灯盏细辛,微辛,微温。归心、肝经。能活血通络止痛。朱砂根,微辛,平。归肺、肝经。能活血止痛。黄芪补气,气能生血,灯盏细辛、朱砂根活血通络止痛,黄芪、灯盏细辛、朱砂根联合使用,促进气血生,气血行,经络通,促进缺血性脑中风患者的症状改善。修改后的处方体现出中医治病的特点,急则治标,标本兼治,治标的同时,对本也进行根本性的治疗。修改处方后的处方,在进行大范围的治疗时,发现治标效果更好,作用显效更明显,对于认知功能的改善作用也更明显。
1.本发明申请技术方案的有益效果:
⑴、本发明处方在原有处方的基础上进行创新改进,将原方中的臣药、朱砂根、灯盏细辛替换红花和川芎,朱砂根微苦、辛、平,归肺、肝经,具有解毒消肿、活血止痛、祛风除湿之功效,再加活血通络止痛、祛风散寒之灯盏细辛,能上行头目,旁通络脉,使瘀血去、经脉通,头痛止,意识清,将上述两味中药调整后,本发明中药组合物在治疗气滞血瘀证的患者有明确的疗效。
⑵、本发明制备工艺改进的技术优势
2.1新工艺设计的思路:新工艺设计的思路是根据药物中治疗脑中风活性成分的理化性质,采用适当的提取方法和提取溶剂,尽可能多的提出药效活性成分。2.2新工艺各药味的提取设计
2.2.1灯盏细辛和葛根 灯盏细辛和葛根中治疗脑中风的活性成分是黄酮类,黄酮类易溶于有机溶剂,在前期实验中,考察了不同提取方法对提取率的影响,结果表明加热回流提取法提取效果较好,故灯盏细辛和葛根的提取,采用加热回流的提取方法,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间对提取效果的影响,采用多指标进行优化。
2.2.2黄芪和丹参 黄芪中治疗脑中风的活性成分是多糖类和皂苷类,多糖类溶于水,皂苷类既溶于水也溶于有机溶剂。丹参中治疗脑中风的活性成分有脂溶性的丹参酮类和水溶性的丹酚酸类,丹参中的丹酚酸类不耐高温,受热易分解。实验中首先采用乙醇提取脂溶性活性成分,考察乙醇溶度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间对提取率的影响,采用多标志进行优化。再采用加热回流法提取水溶性活性成分,考察料液比、提取次数、提取时间、提取温度对提取率的影响。
2.2.3地龙和水蛭 地龙和水蛭中的活性成分为酶类、蛋白类和氨基酸类,不耐高温,遇热会灭活,故采取生粉入药的方法。
2.2.4朱砂根 朱砂根的基础研究薄弱,研究出的主要化学成分有三萜皂苷类、香豆素类和甾醇类等。实验主要研究脂溶性性成分的药理活性,朱砂根在二根龙蛭汤的使用中,临床应用的是水煎汤剂,故朱砂根也采取生粉入药。
⑶、本方采用现代中医药提取,纯化技术,可以将传统中药提取液中的有效成分含量得到提高。①、为了将丹参和黄芪中有效成分的提取完全,以总黄酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷为指标,优选最佳醇提工艺;以总皂苷、总多糖、迷迭香酸及丹酚酸B为指标,优选出丹参和黄芪中脂溶性成分和水溶性成分的最佳提取工艺。②、葛根及灯盏细辛中主要成分为黄酮类,采用醇提方法对活性成分进行提取,以总黄酮、野黄芩苷和葛根素含量作为评价指标,优选葛根和灯盏细辛中活性成分提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为80%,每次加醇量为药材10倍量,回流提取1次,提取时间1小时;通过上述制备工艺改进,本发明中药组合物中的活性成分的含量有明显提高。
⑶、药理学实验结果表明,与对照组比较,本发明中药组合物逃避潜伏期较模型组明显缩短,且大鼠穿越平台次数较模型组明显增加,这些药理实验数据表明,本发明中药组合物是一种治疗中风恢复期的药物,值得在临床上推广和应用。2.本发明中药组合物制备工艺优选:
2.1丹参、黄芪提取的工艺优选
2.1.1丹参、黄芪醇溶性成分提取工艺优选
①、工艺步骤方案
取黄芪药材50g,丹参药材33.3g,除杂、洗净、烘干,精密称定,加乙醇浸泡2小时,按正交条件进行醇提,药液用350目滤布滤过,滤液减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)浓缩至相对密度为1.30(50℃)的稠膏,减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)干燥,将干膏粉碎过100目筛,得干膏细粉。
②、因素水平设计
选择乙醇浓度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间4个因素,进行L9(34)正交设计。并以总黄酮、隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量为指标,优选丹参、黄芪醇提工艺条件见表1
表1丹参、黄芪醇提正交试验因素水平表
③、正交试验设计
根据标准曲线计算丹参和黄芪药味中总黄酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量。以丹参和黄芪药味中总黄酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的得率(%)作为指标,确定最佳提取条件,正交试验结果见表2。
表2醇提L9(34)正交试验结果
④、实验结果分析:
以隐丹参酮含量为指标,极差(R)最大的为乙醇浓度,对隐丹参酮含量影响排序是乙醇浓度>料液比>提取时间>提取次数;同时隐丹参酮方差分析显示,乙醇浓度对总黄酮含量具有显著性影响;以丹参酮ⅡA含量为指标,极差(R)最大的为乙醇浓度,对总黄酮含量影响排序是乙醇浓度>提取次数>提取时间>料液比;同时丹参酮ⅡA方差分析显示,乙醇浓度、提取次数及提取时间对丹参酮ⅡA含量具有显著性影响;以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量为指标,极差(R)最大的为乙醇浓度,对毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量影响排序是乙醇浓度>提取次数>料液比>提取时间;同时毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷方差分析显示,乙醇浓度、提取次数及提取时间对丹参酮ⅡA含量无显著性影响。
⑤、醇提工艺参数结果
实验各个指标显示,本发明技术方案中,丹参和黄芪药味醇提主要成分的最优工艺为:加70%乙醇10倍量回流提取1次,每次2h,即A1B1C1D3。
2.1.2丹参、黄芪醇溶性成分提取工艺优选
①、工艺步骤方案
取丹参,黄芪醇提药渣水提,药液用350目滤布滤过,滤液减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)浓缩至相对密度为1.30(50℃)的稠膏,将水提稠膏减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)干燥,将干膏粉碎过100目筛,得干膏细粉。
②、因素水平设计
选择以料液比、提取次数、提取时间、提取温度4个因素,进行L9(34)正交设计。并以总皂苷、总多糖及迷迭香酸与丹酚酸B含量为指标,优选丹参、黄芪水提工艺条件见表3。
表3丹参、黄芪药材水提正交试验因素水平表
③、正交试验设计
根据标准曲线计算丹参和黄芪药味中总皂苷、总多糖、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的含量。以丹参和黄芪中总皂苷、总多糖、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的得率(%)作为指标,确定最佳提取条件,正交试验结果见表4。
表4丹参、黄芪药材水提L9(34)正交试验结果
④、从表直观分析可知,以总皂苷含量为指标,极差(R)最大的为提取温度,对总皂苷含量影响排序是提取温度>提取时间>提取次数>料液比;同时总皂苷方差分析显示,提取温度和提取时间对总皂苷含量具有显著性影响;以总多糖含量为指标,极差(R)最大的为料液比,对总多糖含量影响排序是料液比>提取温度>提取时间>料液比;同时总多糖方差分析显示,料液比对总多糖含量具有显著性影响;含量影响排序是料液比>提取温度>提取时间>提取次数;同时迷迭香酸方差分析显示,料液比、提取时间对迷迭香酸含量具有显著性影响;以丹酚酸B含量为指标,极差(R)最大的为料液比,对丹酚酸B含量影响排序是料液比>提取次数>提取时间>提取温度;同时丹酚酸B方差分析显示,料液比、提取次数对丹酚酸B含量具有显著性影响。
⑤、丹参和黄芪水提结果
丹参和黄芪药味水提成分的最佳工艺为醇提后药渣加水6倍量60℃提取2次,每次2小时。即A2B2C3D1。
2.2灯盏细辛、葛根的工艺优选
3.2.2提取工艺的优选
①、工艺设计
按照处方比例称取药材79g,共9份,按照正交表安排实验,药液用350目滤布趁热过滤,滤液回收乙醇,减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)浓缩至相对密度为1.30(50℃)的稠膏,减压(60℃,-0.08MPa),干燥,粉碎过100目筛,得干膏细粉,精密称定干膏细粉总量。
②、因素水平设计
根据方中各药的主要有效成分的性质,采用醇作为提取溶剂,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间对提取的影响,因素水平见表5。
表5灯盏细辛、葛根提取工艺因素水平表
③、正交设计
按四因素三水平9次实验,正交设计表见表6。
表6L9(34)正交实验表
④、实验结果分析:通过对总黄酮提取得率表及方差分析表进行分析得到:在A因素下K2>K3>K1,说明在A2水平下影响效果显著;在B因素下K2>K1>K3,说明在B2水平下影响效果显著;在C因素下K1>K3>K2,说明在C1水平下影响效果显著;在D因素下K3>K2>K1,说明在D3水平下影响效果显著。通过极差比较,得到D>A>B>C,最终得到总黄酮最优提取工艺为A2B2C1D3;通过对野黄芩苷提取得率表及方差分析表进行分析得到:在A因素下K2>K3>K1,说明在A2水平下影响效果显著;在B因素下K1>K3>K2,说明在B1水平下影响效果显著;在C因素下K3>K1>K2,说明在C3水平下影响效果显著;在D因素下K2>K3>K1,说明在D2水平下影响效果显著。通过极差比较,得到A>D>C>B,最终得到野黄芩苷最优提取工艺为A2B1C3D2;葛根素提取得率及方差分析,通过对葛根素提取得率表及方差分析表进行分析得到:在A因素下K3>K2>K1,说明在A3水平下影响效果显著;在B因素下K2>K1>K3,说明在B2水平下影响效果显著;在C因素下K1>K2>K3,说明在B2水平下影响效果显著;在D因素下K1>K2>K3,说明在D1水平下影响效果显著。通过极差比较,得到A>C>D>B,最终得到葛根素最优提取工艺为A3B2C1D1。
⑤、灯盏细辛、葛根的最佳工艺
根据各个指标提取得率的方差分析综合评价,乙醇浓度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间都有显著影响。并从节约成本,保护环境的角度考虑,确定最佳的提取工艺为A2B2C1D2,即乙醇浓度80%,料液比1:10,提取次数为1次,提取时间2h。
2.3本发明中药组合物处方工艺的确定
2.3.1黄芪、丹参提取工艺考查
取黄芪、丹参,除杂,洗净,润透,切片3mm片,烘干,精密称定,加水浸泡2小时,按正交条件进行醇提,药液用350目滤布滤过,滤液减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)浓缩至相对密度为1.30(50℃)的稠膏,药渣水提,水提温度80℃,药液用350目滤布滤过,滤液减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)浓缩至相对密度为1.30(50℃)的稠膏,合并二次浸膏,减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)干燥,粉碎过100目筛,得干膏细粉,精密称定干膏细粉总量。
2.3.2灯盏细辛、葛根提取工艺
取两味药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉,过2号筛,精密称定,混合后加入不同提取浓度和不同药材重量倍数的乙醇,浸泡2小时,按正交条件进行三次不同时间的加热回流提取,药液用350目滤布趁热过滤,滤液回收乙醇,减压(60℃,-0.08MPa)浓缩至相对密度为1.30(50℃)的稠膏,减压(60℃,-0.08MPa),干燥,粉碎过100目筛,得干膏细粉,精密称定干膏细粉总量。由于苷元在热乙醇中溶解度大,故要采用趁热过滤。
2.3.3地龙、水蛭、朱砂根的粉碎工艺
2.3.3.1地龙药材的粉碎工艺
将地龙除去杂质,洗净,低温(45℃)干燥,粉碎,过六号筛,称重后用75%乙醇制粒,过二号筛,低温干燥,经钴-60辐照灭菌,即为地龙中间体。
2.3.3.2水蛭药材的粉碎工艺
将水蛭除去杂质,洗净,低温(45℃)干燥,粉碎,过六号筛,低温干燥,经钴-60辐照灭菌,即为地龙中间体。
2.3.3.3朱砂根的粉碎工艺
将朱砂根除去杂质,洗净,低温(60℃)以下干燥,粉碎,过六号筛,低温干燥,经钴-60辐照灭菌,即为朱砂根中间体。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明内容的具体实施例,用于阐述本申请文件中所要解决技术问题的技术方案,有助于本领域技术人员理解本发明内容,但本发明技术方案的实现并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
⑴、取朱砂根180g、地龙125g、水蛭45g,干燥温度50℃,粉碎成细粉,过六号筛,经钴-60辐照灭菌,混合均匀后,备用;
⑵、将黄芪500g、丹参333g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量,70%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量6倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度为60℃,煎煮次数2次,煎煮时间2小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛500g、葛根290g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
实施例2
⑴、取朱砂根190g、地龙130g、水蛭40g,干燥温度60℃,粉碎成细粉,过六号筛,经钴-60辐照灭菌,混合均匀后,备用;
⑵、将丹参350g,黄芪520g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比12倍量,80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取2次,每次回流时间3小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量8倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度50℃,煎煮次数3次,煎煮时间3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛480g、葛根310g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比8倍量80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取2次,每次回流时间3小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
实施例3
⑴、取朱砂根170g、地龙120g、水蛭50g,干燥温度40℃,粉碎成细粉,过六号筛,经钴-60辐照灭菌,混合均匀后,备用;
⑵、将黄芪480g、丹参310g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比8倍量,60%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间1小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量4倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度70℃,煎煮次数1次,煎煮时间1小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛520g、葛根270g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比12倍量60%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间1小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
为了进一步验证本发明成品制剂的疗效,我们将上述具体实施例1,2,3中制备的中药洗液,进行了相应的临床试验,现将结果报告如下。
3对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠脑组织微循环影响的比较
3.1动物及分组
选用SD成年大鼠50只,体质量(200±50)g,雌雄各半,由陕西中药研究院实验动物中心提供。将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、对照组、治疗处方1组、治疗处方2组,每组10只。
3.2实验药物
吡拉西坦片,宜昌人福药业有限责任公司生产;治疗处方1组:二根龙蛭汤(葛根15g、白茅根15g、地龙6g、水蛭6g、丹参12g、红花6g、川芎12g),水煎取汁,浓缩。均由陕西国际商贸学院医药学院药物制剂中心实验室提供。治疗处方2组:⑴、取朱砂根180g、地龙125g、水蛭45g,干燥温度50℃,粉碎成细粉,过六号筛,经钴-60辐照灭菌,混合均匀后,备用;
⑵、将黄芪500g、丹参333g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量,70%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量6倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度为60℃,煎煮次数2次,煎煮时间2小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛500g、葛根290g,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,混合均匀,用0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液溶解制成治疗组药物。
3.3实验方法及结果
3.3.1动物造模
动物购回后在药理实验室饲养7d,术前12h禁饮食,不禁水。称质量后用10%水合氯醛(3.5mL/kg)腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,麻醉成功后将大鼠固定在鼠板上,颈部剃毛,皮肤消毒后,取正中切口,仔细分离右侧颈外动脉、颈内动脉,用丝线结扎颈外动脉,颈内动脉远端放置动脉夹;将头皮针端口打磨光滑,把头端涂油石蜡油的尼龙渔线从颈外动脉靠近分叉处导入血管内,去掉动脉夹,在直视下缓慢推进渔线入颅,遇到阻力后停止,入颅约1.8cm;将颈内动脉连同渔线一起结扎,缺血30min,将造模成功(成功标准:苏醒后出现左侧前肢屈曲、内收、左侧转圈、或向右侧倾倒)大鼠放开颈外动脉结扎线,将留在外面的线拔除1cm,使大脑中动脉再通。假手术组只切开颈部皮肤、暴露血管后缝合皮肤。3.3.2治疗方法
所有动物术后给予红霉素软膏涂抹伤口,假手术和模型组术后6h开始给予进食进水。对照组术后6h在进食进水的基础上予吡拉西坦片,按人与实验用鼠比为1:10进行换算后以3.6g/(kg·d)量灌胃;治疗组术后6h进食进水,给予二根龙蛭汤,根据体质量按人正常用量的10倍浓缩煎剂灌胃治疗。
3.3.3Morris水迷宫实验
大鼠购回后第3d开始进行水迷宫训练,连续3d;术后第4天再次进行训练,3d。术后第7天进行水迷宫实验。放置一直径1.3m、深0.5m的圆形水池,池壁为白色,标明Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4个象限,在任何一象限内放置一个直径10cm、高25cm的安全平台,水面没过平台5cm,水中注入适量奶粉,以目视看不见平台为宜,水温控制在25℃左右。记录大鼠寻找到安全平台时间,即逃避潜伏时间;再撤去平台,选第Ⅱ象限入水点将大鼠面向池壁放入水中,记录90s内大鼠跨越原平台次数。死亡大鼠为模型组共1只。结果见表7。由结果可知,当а=0.05,和对照品组,治疗处方1组和治疗处方2组,都有显著性差异,治疗处方1组和治疗处方2组之间也有显著性差异。
表7治疗后7d水迷宫实验结果比较
3.3.4指标测定
模型动物经治疗7d后将动物处死取脑。10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉后经左心室穿刺,生理盐水冲洗,见肝脏颜色发白后在冰盘上迅速断头取脑,取右侧大脑,去除小脑和延髓部分,距额极2.5mm向后切去10mm脑组织,称质量后移入玻璃匀浆管中,按1:10(W/V)比例加入9倍体积的预冷生理盐水,冰盘上匀浆,充分研碎,组织匀浆后4 000r/min离心10min后提取上清液待测。采用酶联免疫法按VEGF试剂说明书配置洗涤液、标准品、酶结合物工作液等,加样后采用全自动酶标仪测定。结果见下表8。在脑梗死发生后VEGF的表达会上调,促进脑部缺血半暗带区新血管形成,达到缩小梗死体积。治疗处方1组大鼠脑组织VEGF含量较模型组明显升高(t=3.46,P<0.05),治疗处方2组大鼠脑组织VEGF含量较模型组明显升高(t=4.86,P<0.05),较对照组亦升高明显(t=2.94,P<0.05)。治疗处方1组和治疗处方2组比较,t=2.134,v=9,按а=0.05水准,两组之间有显著性差异,表明治疗处方2组优于治疗处方1组。
表8VEGF含量
以上结果表明,治疗处方1组(二根龙蛭汤)能改善脑缺血再灌注损伤后模型大鼠水迷宫实验中的学习记忆能力,提高大鼠脑组织中VEGF的含量,上述结果也提示治疗处方1组能改善脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的学习记忆能力可能与该方能提高脑组织中VEGF含量,改善脑组织微循环状况有关。治疗处方2组的实验结果优于治疗处方1组,进行处方的优化表明是有效果的。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物,它是由如下重量配比的原料药组成:黄芪480~520份、灯盏细辛480~520份、朱砂根170~190份、丹参310~350份、葛根270~310份、地龙120~130份、水蛭40~50份,其特征在于,所述中药组合物是由如下方法制备而成:
⑴、取朱砂根、地龙、水蛭药材,干燥温度40~65℃,并粉碎为细粉,过筛,混合均匀后,灭菌,备用;
⑵、将丹参和黄芪药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比8-12倍量,60~80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1~2次,每次回流时间1~3小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量4~8倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度50~70℃,煎煮次数1~3次,煎煮时间1~3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛、葛根药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比8-12倍量60~80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1~2次,每次回流时间1~3小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴混合细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物,其特征在于,它是由如下重量配比的原料药组成:黄芪500份、灯盏细辛500份、朱砂根180份、丹参333份、葛根290份、地龙125份、水蛭45份。
3.如权利要求2所述治疗气虚血瘀症的中药组合物,其特征在于,它是由如下方法制备而成:
⑴、取朱砂根、地龙、水蛭药材,干燥温度50℃,并粉碎为细粉,过筛,混合均匀后,采用钴-60灭菌,得混合细粉,备用;
⑵、将丹参和黄芪药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量,70%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,药渣备用;
⑶、再将步骤⑵丹参和黄芪药渣,加入药材重量6倍量的水煎煮,煎煮温度为60℃,煎煮次数2次,煎煮时间2小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压浓缩得浸膏;
⑷、再取灯盏细辛、葛根药材,除杂、洗净、烘干,加入药材重量比10倍量80%乙醇浸泡,再加热回流提取1次,每次回流时间2小时,过滤,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇,滤液减压浓缩成稠膏、干燥后,并粉碎成干膏粉,过筛,备用;
⑸、取步骤⑴混合细粉,步骤⑵和⑷干膏粉,步骤⑶浸膏,再加入药用辅料,制成中药制剂。
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