CN108208414B - 一种猪用饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种猪用饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶100‑500份、稻糠100‑400份、杜仲叶8‑13份、大青叶15‑20份、红枣15‑20份、发酵液400‑510份、防霉剂0.1‑0.3份、脱霉剂0.5‑1份、甜味剂0.5‑1份，本发明提供的猪用饲料添加剂中加入中药成分：艾叶、稻糠、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣配伍后使用可以提高屠宰率和瘦肉率，对猪肉的品质有显著改善，提高猪肉的营养价值，提高养殖户的经济效益，进而降低养殖成本，本发明提供的饲料添加剂还可以显著增强猪自身免疫力，促进生长，进而减少抗生素等化学药品的使用，有效避免了养殖场耐药性过高的问题及猪肉中含有抗生素残留的问题。本发明还提供了上述饲料添加剂的制备方法，简单易操作，便于规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种饲料添加剂，尤其涉及一种猪用饲料添加剂。
背景技术
猪肉是人们日常生活中必不可少的副食品，而养猪是畜牧养殖业的重点产业，为了提高抗病力和生长速度，往往会在饲料中添加一些防病或者促生长的饲料添加剂，饲料添加剂是指在饲料生产加工、使用过程中添加的少量或微量物质，在饲料中用量很少但作用显著。饲料添加剂是现代饲料工业必然使用的原料，对强化基础饲料营养价值，提高动物生产性能，保证动物健康，节省饲料成本，改善畜产品品质等方面有明显的效果。现有饲料添加剂存在各种各样的问题，如在猪肉中有残留从而危害人体健康，或者在提高猪的免疫力、抗病、促生长等方面不能满足养殖户的需求，为了追求养猪效益，养殖户还是会饲喂大量的抗生素、激素或其它抗菌药物，致使猪肉中含有残留的抗生素、激素或其它化学药品，人在食用时健康得不到保证。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，可以显著改善猪的生长状况，提高其免疫力，促进其生长，安全无残留，对环境友好。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种猪用饲料的制备方法。
本发明的目的之一采用如下技术方案实现：
一种猪用饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶100-500份、稻糠100-400份，杜仲叶8-13份、大青叶15-20份、红枣15-20份、发酵液400-510份、防霉剂0.1-0.3份、脱霉剂0.5-1份、甜味剂0.5-1份。
进一步地，上述猪用饲料添加剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶325份、稻糠185份、杜仲叶10份、大青叶15份、红枣15份、发酵液450份、防霉剂0.3份、脱霉剂1份、甜味剂1份。
上述艾叶可采用将艾叶提取过艾绒后剩余的角料，做到废物利用，节约生产成本。
进一步地，所述发酵液组成为：植物蛋白15-25份、氨基酸35-40份、维生素15-20份、活性益生菌20-50份、水60-70份。
进一步地，所述维生素为维生素B2，所述活性益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌。
进一步地，所述防霉剂为苯甲酸钠。
进一步地，所述脱霉剂为黄曲霉素分解酶。加入适量防霉剂和脱霉剂，有效防止饲料添加剂在储运过程中发霉变质，影响产品品质。
进一步地，所述甜味剂为糖精钠，通过加入甜味剂改善饲料添加剂中因加入艾叶产生的苦味，食用时适口性更佳。
本发明的目的之二采用如下技术方案实现：
上述猪用饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)配制发酵液：将植物蛋白、氨基酸、维生素、活性益生菌、水按比例混合后发酵得发酵液；
(2)将艾叶、稻糠、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣粉碎后加入发酵液中搅拌混合均匀后进行发酵；
(3)将步骤(2)中发酵完成的混合物干燥至含水量为35-55％；
(4)向步骤(3)完成干燥的混合物中加入防霉剂、脱霉剂、甜味剂搅拌均匀即得猪用饲料添加剂。
进一步地，上述步骤(1)中发酵温度为30-40℃，发酵时间为24-36h。
进一步地，上述步骤(2)中发酵温度为40-50℃，发酵时间为40-48h。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂中加入中药成分：艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣配伍后使用可以提高屠宰率和瘦肉率，对猪肉的品质有显著改善，提高猪肉的营养价值，提高养殖户的经济效益，进而降低养殖成本，本发明提供的饲料添加剂还可以显著增强猪自身免疫力，促进生长，进而减少抗生素等化学药品的使用，有效避免了猪肉中含有残留的抗生素或者其他激素。本发明还提供了上述饲料添加剂的制备方法，简单易操作，便于规模化生产。
具体实施方式
下面，结合具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述，需要说明的是，在不相冲突的前提下，以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
实施例1
一种猪用饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶200份、稻糠280份、杜仲叶10份、大青叶18份、红枣15份、发酵液480份、苯甲酸钠0.1份、黄曲霉素分解酶0.5份、糖精钠0.5份；
上述发酵液由以下重量份的原料组成：植物蛋白20份、氨基酸38份、维生素B2 17份、枯草芽孢杆菌20份、水65份。
上述猪用饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)配制发酵液：将植物蛋白、氨基酸、维生素B2、枯草芽孢杆菌、水按比例混合后于30℃，发酵36h得发酵液；
(2)将艾叶、稻糠、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣粉碎后加入发酵液中搅拌混合均匀，40℃发酵36h；
(3)将步骤(2)中发酵完成的混合物干燥至含水量为35％；
(4)向步骤(3)完成干燥的混合物中加入苯甲酸钠、黄曲霉素分解酶、糖精钠搅拌均匀即得猪用饲料添加剂。
实施例2
一种猪用饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶325份、稻糠185份、杜仲叶8份、大青叶15份、红枣15份、发酵液450份、苯甲酸钠0.3份、黄曲霉素分解酶1份、糖精钠1份；
上述发酵液由以下重量份的原料组成：植物蛋白25份、氨基酸35份、维生素B2 15份、枯草芽孢杆菌50份、水60份。
上述猪用饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)配制发酵液：将植物蛋白、氨基酸、维生素B2、枯草芽孢杆菌、水按比例混合后于35℃，发酵30h得发酵液；
(2)将艾叶、稻糠、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣粉碎后加入发酵液中搅拌混合均匀，45℃发酵45h；
(3)将步骤(2)中发酵完成的混合物干燥至含水量为55％；
(4)向步骤(3)完成干燥的混合物中加入苯甲酸钠、黄曲霉素分解酶、糖精钠搅拌均匀即得猪用饲料添加剂。
实施例3
一种猪用饲料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶100份、稻糠350份、杜仲叶13份、大青叶20份、红枣20份、发酵液510份、苯甲酸钠0.2份、黄曲霉素分解酶0.8份、糖精钠0.8份；
上述发酵液由以下重量份的原料组成：植物蛋白15份、氨基酸40份、维生素B2 20份、枯草芽孢杆菌30份、水70份。
上述猪用饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)配制发酵液：将植物蛋白、氨基酸、维生素B2、枯草芽孢杆菌、水按比例混合后于40℃，发酵24h得发酵液；
(2)将艾叶、稻糠、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣粉碎后加入发酵液中搅拌混合均匀，50℃发酵48h；
(3)将步骤(2)中发酵完成的混合物干燥至含水量为40％；
(4)向步骤(3)完成干燥的混合物中加入苯甲酸钠、黄曲霉素分解酶、糖精钠搅拌均匀即得猪用饲料添加剂。
对比例1
对比例1提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，和实施例1的区别为省去红枣，将艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶的总用量调整为240份，其余均和实施例1相同。
对比例2
对比例2提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，和实施例1的区别为省去杜仲叶，将艾叶、大青叶、红枣的总用量调整为240份，其余均和实施例1相同。
对比例3
对比例3提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，和实施例1的区别为省去艾叶，将杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣的总用量调整为240份，其余均和实施例1相同。
对比例4
对比例4提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，和实施例1的区别为省去杜仲叶和红枣，将艾叶、大青叶的总用量调整为240份，其余均和实施例1相同。
对比例5
对比例5提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，和实施例1的区别为省去艾叶和杜仲叶，将大青叶和红枣的总用量调整为240份，其余均和实施例1相同。
对比例6
对比例6提供一种猪用饲料添加剂，和实施例1的区别为省去艾叶和红枣，将杜仲叶和大青叶的总用量调整为240份，其余均和实施例1相同。
效果对比试验
选取体重(70±2)kg的健康肥育猪共280头，随机分为7组，每组4个重复，每个重复10头，分别饲喂相同的普通全价饲料，在上述全价饲料中分别添加实施例1，以及对比例1-6的饲料添加剂，饲料添加剂的用量为普通全价饲料的3％，实验期60天，猪舍光照充足，干燥通风，每天清粪两次，早晚各一次，在试验实中，除了试验设计所规定的处理间差异外，其它的饲养管理条件和技术措施质量一致。试验动物由同一饲养员负责饲喂，采用自动装置进行饮水。分别于试验开始、试验结束时进行称重，每次称重于早晨空腹定点称重，然后计算肥育期的日增重情况。
平均饲料采食总量＝试验初的饲料量-试验末的剩料量
平均日饲料采食量＝总的饲料消耗量/试验天数
结果如表1所示，统计各组的腹泻率结果如表2所示。
表1
表2
由表1可以看出饲喂含有实施例1的饲料添加剂的试验组平均日增重量高于饲喂含有对比例1至6的饲料添加剂，平均日采食量高于对比例1至6。说明本发明提供的饲料添加剂通过组合使用中药成分艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣明显促进猪的进食量，促进生长，当省去其中一种或者其中两种组分，在保持用量相同的情况下效果仍不及上述四个组分组合使用，说明艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣通过配伍协同配合具有显著的增益效果。
屠宰性能比较：从每组随机选出3头育肥猪，经空腹24小时后进行屠宰，测定屠宰性能和肉质，结果如表3所示。
屠宰率：胴体重/宰前活重
瘦肉率：瘦肉重/(瘦肉+脂肪+皮骨)
表3屠宰性能比较
由表3可以看出实施例1在上述屠宰性能的宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率以及瘦肉率均高于对比例1至6，说明饲料中添加本发明的饲料添加剂能显著改善猪肉的品质，提高养殖的经济效益。
由上述试验结果可以看出本发明采用艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶及红枣配伍后使用可以显著提高屠宰率以及瘦肉率，采用本发明提供的饲料添加剂，其屠宰率和瘦肉率均高于70％，对比例1至6的饲料添加剂的配方为省去艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶及红枣中一种或者两种中药成分后，调整用量后其在效果上仍不及四个组分配合使用，其屠宰率和瘦肉率均低于70％，说明艾叶、杜仲叶、大青叶及红枣四种组分复配后协同作用，相互增益，对猪肉的品质有显著改善，提高猪肉的营养价值，提高养殖户的经济效益，进而降低养殖成本。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种猪用饲料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶100-500份、稻糠100-400份、杜仲叶8-13份、大青叶15-20份、红枣15-20份、发酵液400-510份、防霉剂0.1-0.3份、脱霉剂0.5-1份、甜味剂0.5-1份；所述发酵液组成为：植物蛋白15-25份、氨基酸35-40份、维生素15-20份、活性益生菌20-50份、水60-70份；
所述猪用饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)配制发酵液：将植物蛋白、氨基酸、维生素、活性益生菌、水按比例混合后发酵，发酵温度为30-40℃，发酵时间为24-36h，得发酵液；
(2)将艾叶、稻糠、杜仲叶、大青叶、红枣粉碎后加入发酵液中搅拌混合均匀后进行发酵，发酵温度为40-50℃，发酵时间为40-48h；
(3)将步骤(2)中发酵完成的混合物干燥至含水量为35-55％；
(4)向步骤(3)中干燥完成后的混合物中加入防霉剂、脱霉剂、甜味剂搅拌均匀即得猪用饲料添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述猪用饲料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备而成：艾叶325份、稻糠185份、杜仲叶10份、大青叶15份、红枣15份、发酵液450份、防霉剂0.3份、脱霉剂1份、甜味剂1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述猪用饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述维生素为维生素B2，所述活性益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌。
4.根据权利要求1所述猪用饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述防霉剂为苯甲酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1所述猪用饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述脱霉剂为黄曲霉素分解酶。
6.根据权利要求1所述猪用饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述甜味剂为糖精钠。
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