CN108200999B - Yeast composition for ruminants, feed, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Yeast composition for ruminants, feed, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention relates to a ruminant feed additive, and in particular relates to a yeast composition for ruminants, a feed, a preparation method and application. The yeast composition for ruminant animals comprises yeast special for ruminant animals and saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls. The yeast composition containing the yeast special for rumination provided by the invention can be directly used for feeding dairy cows, shows positive effects, not only can increase the milk yield, but also can improve the milk quality, has moderate additive amount, is convenient to use and has higher cost performance. Meanwhile, the pure yeast source composition provided by the invention can not only avoid the defect of single efficacy of live bacteria, but also avoid the defects of unstable quality, unobvious effect and high cost caused by using a large amount of culture products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ruminant feed additive, in particular to a yeast composition for ruminants, a feed, a preparation method and an application.
Background
In order to meet the growing requirements of safe and reliable nutritional products, the facing increase of feed cost and the sustainable agricultural development promoted at present, the method has the key requirements of no antibiotics, quality improvement, cost reduction and animal breeding efficiency improvement. Over the past several decades, both live yeast and yeast cultures in yeast-derived products have been demonstrated to improve ruminant rumen environment, improve feed conversion efficiency, and increase milk production.
Live yeast and yeast cultures differ completely in product composition and mechanism of action. The live yeast is a pure live yeast strain, is a facultative anaerobe, and regulates and controls a rumen microflora mainly by consuming oxygen and providing metabolic factors, including lactic acid metabolic bacteria and fiber decomposing bacteria, so as to prevent acidosis, improve the digestibility of forage grass and improve the production performance. Yeast cultures are quite different from pure live yeast products, which are a yeast fermentation product formed by allowing yeast cells to produce metabolites under the control of a particular fermentation process. The core value is the fermentation metabolites it contains. In the feed material catalog of the Ministry of agriculture 2038 publication, the mandatory markers for yeast cultures include crude protein, crude ash, water and mannan, and the specific metabolic factors and contents are not specifically required, so that the quality is relatively difficult to monitor.
The improvement of the production performance of the ruminant by the live yeast focuses on the regulation of the environment in the rumen, and the yeast culture focuses on the supply of additional nutritional factors, which are related and distinguished from each other. Both live yeast and yeast cultures can improve ruminant production performance to varying degrees, live yeast focuses on the regulation of the rumen microflora, and the efficacy depends on whether the yeast strain is ruminant specific. The yeast culture is more important than providing additional nutrition for rumen microorganisms, and the efficacy depends on the amount of provided yeast metabolic factors and not the content of other non-yeast carriers.
The live yeast or yeast culture products which are actually verified in production are more specific to the milk yield, but have no obvious effect on improving the milk quality such as milk fat and milk protein.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems of the prior art solved by the invention are as follows: the existing feed additive for ruminants has single effect of live bacteria products and is inconvenient to use; the quality of the components of the non-yeast source carrier in the culture product is relatively difficult to control, so that the actual using effect is uneven, and the using cost is overhigh. The comprehensive effects of increasing milk yield and improving milk quality cannot be achieved.
After keen research, the inventor finds a yeast composition for the ruminant, which directly takes pure yeast source raw materials as ingredients and is used as a composite functional additive for the ruminant.
Specifically, the invention provides a yeast composition for ruminants, which comprises special yeast for ruminants and saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls.
Preferably, the viable count of the yeast special for ruminants is more than 200 hundred million cfu/g, the action temperature range is 37-42 ℃, and the preferred action temperature range is 39-41 ℃.
Preferably, the starting material of the yeast composition is of yeast origin.
Preferably, the yeast special for ruminants is Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) d5.12cctcc NO: m2016460, deposited in the China center for type culture Collection.
Preferably, the content of mannan in the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than 20%, and the content of beta-glucan is more than 20%.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the yeast special for rumination to the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 5: 95-10: 90.
The invention also provides a feed comprising the yeast composition of any of the above.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the yeast composition, which is characterized in that the yeast composition is prepared by uniformly mixing the cell walls of the yeast special for ruminants and the saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides application of the yeast composition or the feed in the field of feed or cultivation.
Preferably, the application is the application in the fields of increasing milk yield and improving milk quality.
Preferably, the application is in the field of increasing milk production in the middle and late lactation.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the yeast composition containing the yeast special for rumination provided by the invention can be directly used for feeding dairy cows, shows positive effects, not only can increase the milk yield, but also can improve the milk quality, has moderate additive amount, is convenient to use and has higher cost performance. Meanwhile, the pure yeast source composition provided by the invention can not only avoid the defect of single efficacy of live bacteria, but also avoid the defects of unstable quality, unobvious effect and high cost caused by using a large amount of culture products.
Preservation information
The yeast special for ruminants used in the invention is Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) d5.12CCTCC NO: m2016460, belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, having Latin name Saccharomyces cerevisiae and strain preservation number CCTCC NO: m2016460, China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC for short) deposited in 5/9/2016, and the address of Wuhan university, eight paths 299 in Wuhan district, Wuhan City, Hubei, zip code: 430072.
Detailed Description
As described above, the present invention is directed to improving milk yield and milk quality of cows by designing a feed additive for ruminants, which contains yeast specific for ruminants and cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The yeast special for ruminants in the invention is a yeast strain screened from the rumen of ruminants. Wherein, the yeast strains selected from rumen are screened, the treated fermentable cane molasses is used as a liquid culture medium, active yeast is enriched by three-stage amplification culture, and then the high-activity pure yeast is obtained after centrifugal washing and drying. The special yeast for rumination is different from the common yeast in that: the number of viable bacteria is not less than 200 hundred million cfu/g, and the yeast can normally survive in the rumen environment temperature of 37-42 ℃, particularly in the rumen environment temperature of 39-41 ℃, and the optimal effect of the yeast is achieved. Wherein cfu/g refers to the total number of bacterial colonies grown per gram of sample under certain conditions. The yeast special for ruminants is one of pure yeast source composition components and is used for regulating and controlling a rumen microflora, improving the daily ration digestibility and mainly improving the milk yield.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) d5.12cctcc NO: m2016460 is a viable strain deposited in China center for type culture Collection (MCCCTCC) and addressed in Wuhan university school with eight paths 299 of Wuhan district, Wuhan City, Hubei province, and has a zip code: 430072. wherein the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is a product obtained by concentrating and drying the cell wall obtained by carrying out autolysis or exogenous enzyme catalytic hydrolysis or mechanical crushing on thalli obtained by fermenting the saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main components of the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae are mannan and beta-glucan, so that pathogenic bacteria and mycotoxin can be adsorbed, the rumen function is stabilized, the growth efficiency of rumen microorganisms is promoted, the yield of microbial protein and volatile fatty acid is increased, and milk fat and milk protein synthesis preconditions are increased, so that the milk fat and milk protein content can be increased in production, and the milk somatic cell count can be reduced. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the content of mannooligosaccharides in the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae used in the invention is more than or equal to 20%, and the content of beta-glucan is more than or equal to 20%.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the yeast special for rumination is 95: 5-90: 10.
The method of mixing the components of the composition is conventional and requires only thorough mixing of the components in a stirred vessel at a suitable temperature, typically room temperature.
Wherein, the raw materials used in the invention are all the raw materials commonly used in the field and can be purchased. Prepared by adopting the method commonly used in the field. All of the materials used in the examples of the present invention were purchased from Angel Yeast Inc. The saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are purchased from Angel Yeast GmbH, and the product types are: PW 120.
Example 1
Experimental group 1: preparation of Yeast-derived composition
10 parts by weight of yeast special for ruminants and 90 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls are stirred and mixed uniformly in a high-efficiency mixer to obtain the pure yeast source composition product of the experimental group 1.
Experimental group 2: preparation of Yeast-derived composition
8 parts by weight of yeast special for ruminants and 92 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls are stirred and mixed uniformly in a high-efficiency mixer to obtain the pure yeast source composition product of the experimental group 2.
Experimental group 3: preparation of Yeast-derived composition
6 parts by weight of yeast special for ruminants and 94 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls are stirred and mixed uniformly in a high-efficiency mixer to obtain the pure yeast source composition product.
Experimental group 4: preparation of Yeast-derived composition
5 parts of yeast special for ruminants and 95 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls are stirred and mixed uniformly in a high-efficiency mixer to obtain the pure yeast source composition product.
Control group 1: preparation of Yeast-derived composition
And (3) uniformly stirring and mixing 20 parts by weight of yeast special for ruminants and 80 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls in a high-efficiency mixer to obtain the product of the comparative example 1.
Control group 2: preparation of yeast special for rumination
100 parts by weight of yeast special for rumination is taken to obtain the product of comparative example 2.
Control group 3: preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall
And taking 100 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls to obtain the product of the comparative example 3.
Control group 4: yeast culture
100 parts by weight of yeast culture (Yikangwo XP, Danongwei, USA) was stirred and mixed in a high-efficiency mixer to obtain the product of comparative example 4. The yeast culture is a product which is prepared by performing solid state fermentation on a specific culture medium by using saccharomycetes, reserving a fermentation product and a culture substrate and drying.
Example 2 influence of Yeast-derived composition on milk production in Dairy cows
180 cows at the later lactation period (Chinese Holstein cows, lactation days 170-. The daily ration formula is unchanged during the test period, and the daily ration formula of each cow comprises the following components: 20kg of whole silage corn, 4kg of alfalfa, 2.5kg of Chinese wildrye, 2kg of pressed corn, 11kg of concentrate, 1kg of cottonseed and 0.2kg of baking soda. On the basis, 50g of the yeast composition prepared from the experimental group and the control group in the example I or the cell wall of the yeast special for ruminants or the cell wall of saccharomyces cerevisiae or the yeast culture is added to each cow. The rearing management is carried out according to the conventional method of cattle farms, and the test is carried out for 21 days. The milk yield of each cow is monitored and recorded by a computer every day, and the effect is compared by calculating the change of the milk yield before and after the test.
TABLE 1 test grouping
TABLE 2 milk yield change before and after the test (kg) for each treatment group
| Average value before test | Mean value during the test | Variation in milk production | |
| Blank control group | 31.21 | 27.65 | -3.56 |
| Experimental group 1 | 30.88 | 29.35 | -1.53 |
| Experimental group 2 | 30.92 | 29.43 | -1.49 |
| Experimental group 3 | 31.11 | 29.77 | -1.34 |
| Experimental group 4 | 31.18 | 29.62 | -1.56 |
| Mean value (experimental group) | 31.02 | 29.54 | -1.48 |
| Control group 1 | 31.19 | 29.42 | -1.77 |
| Control group 2 | 30.93 | 29.01 | -1.92 |
| Control group 3 | 31.05 | 28.65 | -2.40 |
| Mean value (control group) | 31.06 | 29.03 | -2.03 |
| Experimental group-control group 1-3 | - | - | +0.55 |
| Control group 4 | 31.20 | 28.37 | -2.83 |
| Experimental group-control group 4 | - | - | +1.35 |
As can be seen from Table 2: as the number of lactation days of the test cows approaches 200 days, the milk yield of the cows in the middle and later lactation period is in a decline stage. As can be seen from the blank control group, the average milk yield per cow decreased by 3.56 kg. When the feed of the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 4 in the example 1 or the feed of the control group 1, the control group 2, the control group 3 and the control group 4 is fed, the milk yield of the cows is higher than that of the blank control group, namely, the average milk yield reduction value of each cow is lower. The problem of the later-period milk yield reduction of the dairy cows can be solved by adding exogenous yeast source compositions, simple yeast special for ruminants, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls or yeast cultures on the basis of basic daily ration. More importantly, it was found by comparison that the addition of the yeast-derived composition of experiment group 1, experiment group 2, experiment group 3 and experiment group 4 in example 1 increased (decreased) by 0.55kg in average milk yield as compared to the feeding of control group 1, control group 2 and control group 3, and increased (decreased) by 1.35kg in milk yield as compared to the feeding of control group 4. The comparison result shows that the pure yeast source product processed by the yeast special for rumination and the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more helpful for improving the milk yield than the milk yield by singly using the yeast special for rumination or the cell wall of the yeast or the yeast culture, and the yield of the milk cow is greatly improved for the weak change of the milk yield of the milk cow in the middle and later periods, so that great economic benefit is brought.
Example 3 Effect of Yeast-derived compositions on milk quality in Dairy cows
The milk quality is an important index for measuring the quality and the nutritional value of milk. Wherein, two indexes of the milk fat rate and the milk protein rate are measured by an infrared analyzer, and the milk fat rate and the milk protein rate are main indexes of the milk pricing standard. The milk fat rate is low, the rumen function is possibly poor, metabolic diseases exist, the proportion of coarse feed is improper, or the feed processing has problems. If the milk protein rate is too low in the early lactation period, the unreasonable formula of daily ration in the dry period, poor condition of fat during calving, insufficient protein in the feed in the early lactation period and the like are indicated. Somatic Cell Count (SCC) refers to the amount of leukocytes (macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, etc.) per ml of milk. When a cow breast is invaded by a germ or is damaged, a large amount of white blood cells are secreted into the breast, and bacteria are enclosed and phagocytosed. The number of somatic cells increases sharply with the progress of inflammation, and gradually decreases as inflammation disappears. The number of somatic cells is therefore an important indicator of breast health. In addition, inflammation in other parts of the body also causes a certain increase in the number of somatic cells. In addition, the high number of somatic cells also reduces the quality of milk. The milk fat rate is reduced, the calcium content is reduced, the sodium and chlorine content is increased, and the nutritional value and the dairy product flavor of the milk are influenced.
In this example, 90 cows in the peak lactation period (average number of lactation days 92.41, of holstein cows, china) were selected for the test, and the test was divided into 9 treatment groups according to the principle that the milk yield is close and the number of lactation days is close, 10 cows in each treatment group were treated, and the specific feeding treatment was the same as that in table 1. The daily ration formula is unchanged during the test period, and the daily ration formula of the dairy cows every day comprises the following components: 22kg of whole silage corn, 3kg of alfalfa, 3kg of Chinese wildrye, 2kg of pressed corn, 10.5kg of fine material and 2kg of vinasse. The rearing management is carried out according to the conventional method of cattle farms, and the test is carried out for 21 days. On the basis, 50g of the yeast composition prepared from the experimental group and the control group in the example I or the cell wall of the yeast special for ruminants or the cell wall of saccharomyces cerevisiae or the yeast culture is added to each cow. And (3) collecting milk samples of all test cows every 1 week, detecting and analyzing the milk fat rate, the milk protein rate and the somatic cell number in the milk by DHI (cow production performance determination system), and counting the milk quality change condition during the test. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of milk quality during the test for each treatment group
| Milk fat (%) | Milk protein (%) | Number of somatic cells (ten thousand/ml) | |
| Blank control group | 3.77 | 3.08 | 45.88 |
| Experimental group 1 | 3.95 | 3.26 | 26.35 |
| Experimental group 2 | 4.02 | 3.22 | 25.45 |
| Experimental group 3 | 4.01 | 3.28 | 27.11 |
| Experimental group 4 | 3.99 | 3.27 | 32.27 |
| Mean value (experimental group) | 3.99 | 3.26 | 27.80 |
| Control group 1 | 3.85 | 3.12 | 37.33 |
| Control group 2 | 3.84 | 3.04 | 39.67 |
| Control group 3 | 3.81 | 3.16 | 37.88 |
| Mean value (control group) | 3.83 | 3.11 | 38.29 |
| Experimental group-control group 1-3 | +0.16 | +0.15 | -10.50 |
| Control group 4 | 3.87 | 3.17 | 38.03 |
| Experimental group-control group 4 | +0.12 | +0.09 | -10.23 |
From the test results in table 3, it can be seen that: after 21 days of feeding, the milk fat and milk protein of the whole milk cow are improved and the number of somatic cells of the milk cow is reduced compared with the blank control group by feeding the feed of the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 4 of the example 1 and feeding the feed of the control group 1, the control group 2, the control group 3 and the control group 4. The results show that the addition of the yeast-derived composition in the experimental group of example 1, the addition of the yeast-derived composition only for ruminants or saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls, or the addition of the yeast culture, can increase the milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage of cows and reduce the somatic cell count of cows compared with the blank control group. More importantly, the average milk fat rate of the products fed to the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 4 is improved by 0.16 percent, the milk protein is improved by 0.15 percent, and the number of somatic cells is reduced by 10.50 ten thousand compared with the products fed to the control group 1, the control group 2 and the control group 3. Compared with the product fed to the control group 4, the whole product fed to the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 4 has the advantages that the milk fat rate is improved by 0.12 percent, the milk protein is improved by 0.09 percent, and the somatic cell number is reduced by 10.23 ten thousands. The above comparative experimental data show that the pure yeast source product processed by the yeast special for rumination and the cell wall of saccharomyces cerevisiae is more helpful for improving the milk quality than the milk quality which is obviously enhanced by singly using the yeast special for rumination, the cell wall of yeast or the yeast culture, and the milk quality is improved, and the flavor of the milk product is improved.
The accurate feeding experiments on the dairy cows prove that the pure yeast source composition can not only increase the milk yield, but also improve the milk fat rate and the milk protein rate, reduce the somatic cell count of milk and improve the milk quality. The profitability of the pasture is comprehensively improved from the aspects of yield and quality. The present invention thus overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art, acting on both yield and milk quality, and achieving beneficial results.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and all such modifications, equivalents and improvements that come within the spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (9)
1. A yeast composition for ruminants is characterized by consisting of yeast special for ruminants and saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls; wherein the weight ratio of the yeast special for rumination to the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 5: 95-10: 90, and the yeast special for rumination is saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae)Saccharomyces cerevisiae) d5.12CCTCC NO: m2016460, deposited in China center for type culture Collection, the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains mannan more than 20% and beta-glucan more than 20%; wherein the viable count of the yeast special for ruminants is more than 200 hundred million cfu/g.
2. The yeast composition according to claim 1, wherein the rumination specific yeast has an action temperature in the range of 37-42 ℃.
3. The yeast composition according to claim 2, wherein the action temperature is in the range of 39-41 ℃.
4. The yeast composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the starting material of the yeast composition is of yeast origin.
5. A feed comprising the yeast composition of any of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method for preparing a yeast composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the yeast composition is prepared by uniformly mixing yeast cells walls of yeast for ruminants and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7. Use of the yeast composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the feed according to claim 5 in the field of feed or farming.
8. Use according to claim 7, in the field of increasing milk production, improving milk quality.
9. Use according to claim 7, in the field of increasing milk production in the mid-late lactation period.
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