CN108198747A - 一种二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)依次在衬底材料上生长出缓冲层、非故意掺杂的GaN外延层;(2)在GaN外延层上淀积一层介质掩蔽膜,光刻并通过湿法腐蚀方法去除部分掩蔽膜,形成二次外延生长区域;(3)将步骤(2)形成的材料进行等离子体处理,形成含有5~25%空位缺陷的GaN表层;(4)二次外延生长出由氮化镓系二元、三元和四元化合物半导体材料构成的同质或者异质结构。本发明在二次外延生长前,先将生长区域进行等离子体处理,引入满足条件的表面空位缺陷分布,从而诱导GaN材料在二次外延生长初期的层状生长,并且实施工艺简单,适合在氮化镓光电器件和电子器件制造领域应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体材料生长领域,尤其涉及一种二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料的方法。
背景技术
钎锌矿结构的氮化镓系二元、三元和四元化合物半导体材料,可以通过金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)和分子束外延(MBE)等方法来获得。外延生长的AlGaN/GaN、AlGaN/AlN/GaN、InGaN/GaN和AlInGaN/GaN等异质结构,可以在界面附近产生大量迁移率高的二维电子气,十分适合于制作大功率节能型的光电器件和电子器件。
原生的GaN材料,一般能够满足如发光二极管(LED)、异质结构场效应晶体管(HFET)等的需要。但是,要进一步提高材料的生长质量或实现某些特殊的器件结构,需要在原生材料上进行二次外延生长。
1994年,Kato等人为了改善GaN外延材料的晶体质量,首次引入了二次外延生长方法。该方法又被称为侧向外延生长技术,首先在衬底上生长AlN缓冲层,并外延预生长GaN层,然后沉积非晶态的SiO2掩膜,并利用光刻和刻蚀技术,形成规则的掩膜图形;最后进行二次外延生长。该方法可以有效减少GaN生长过程中的穿透位错,从而提高生长材料的质量。参考文献:O. Nam, M. D. Bremser, T. S. Zheleva and R. F. Davis, “Lateralepitaxy of low defect density GaN layers via organometallic vapor phaseepitaxy,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 2638(1997)。
1998年,Chen等人先在蓝宝石衬底上生长了AlGaN/GaN异质结,再通过等离子体刻蚀,去除源、漏电极位置的二维电子气结构,并用 MOCVD方法在刻蚀区域二次外延生长重掺杂的n型GaN层,最后通过器件工艺制作出AlGaN/GaN HFET,获得低导通电阻、高跨导的器件。参考文献:C. Chen, S. Keller, G. Parish, R. Vetury, P. Kozodoy, E. L. Hu,Steven P. Denbaars, U. K. Mishra, and Y. F. Wu, “High-transconductance self-aligned AlGaN/GaN modulation-doped field-effect transistors with regrownohmic contacts,” Appl. Phys. Lett. , 73, 3147(1998)。
2011年,Yuhua Wen等通过选择区域生长方法,首先对栅极区域进行SiO2掩膜,然后在其他区域进行GaN材料的二次生长,制作了凹栅结构的GaN基常关型场效应晶体管。参考文献:Yuhua Wen, Zhiyuan He, Jialin Li, Ruihong Luo, Peng Xiang, QingyuDeng, Guangning Xu,Zhen Shen, Zhisheng Wu, Baijun Zhang, Hao Jiang, Gang Wangand Yang Liu. Enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effecttransistors fabricated by selective area growth technique. Appl. Phys. Lett.,98,072108(2011)。
GaN材料二次外延生长前,需要经过掩膜图形的制作和化学清洗等过程,材料的表面情况无疑会影响到二次生长材料的质量。尤其当需要二次外延生长距离生长界面很近的二维电子气结构时,引入合理的表面处理技术来提高仅数十纳米厚度的GaN薄膜生长质量显得格外重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能诱导GaN材料二次外延生长初期的层状生长模式,并且实施工艺简单的二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:一种二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)依次在衬底材料上生长出缓冲层、非故意掺杂的GaN外延层;
(2)在GaN外延层上淀积一层介质掩蔽膜,光刻并通过湿法腐蚀方法去除部分掩蔽膜,形成二次外延生长区域;
(3)将步骤(2)形成的材料进行等离子体处理,形成含有5~25%空位缺陷的GaN表层;
(4)二次外延生长出由氮化镓系二元、三元和四元化合物半导体材料构成的同质或者异质结构。
步骤(1)中,所述衬底材料为Si、蓝宝石、SiC和GaN等;所述缓冲层为低温GaN或AlN插入层。
步骤(2)中,所述介质掩蔽膜为SiO2、SiN等。
步骤(3)中,等离子体处理为将材料暴露在氩气或者氮气的等离子体中,在表面产生物理刻蚀,形成随机分布的空位缺陷。
关于表面空位缺陷对GaN材料二次外延生长的影响,发明人研究发现,一定数量随机分布的空位缺陷有利于诱导GaN二次生长初期的层状生长,将提高薄膜的生长质量。本发明在二次外延生长前,先将生长区域暴露在氩气或者氮气的等离子体中,在没有定向电场加速的情况下,等离子体会随机对材料表面进行刻蚀,从而可以有效引入满足条件的表面空位缺陷分布。另外,采用氩、氮或是其他惰性气体的等离子体,不会引入杂质原子,对外延生长影响小。
本发明在二次外延生长前,先将生长区域进行等离子体处理,引入满足条件的表面空位缺陷分布,从而诱导GaN材料在二次外延生长初期的层状生长,并且实施工艺简单,适合在氮化镓光电器件和电子器件制造领域应用。
附图说明
图1为含有一定比例表面空位缺陷的钎锌矿结构GaN材料结构示意图;
图2为图1的基础上分子动力学模拟二次外延生长一个双原子层后的结构
示意图;
图3为图2的表面图;
图4~图8为本发明二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料各个阶段的材料结构示意图;
图中,1是衬底层,2是缓冲层,3是外延层,4是GaN表层,5是GaN外延层,6是AlN插入层,7是AlGaN层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述。
图8为本发明二次外延生长材料的最终材料的结构示意图,包括衬底层1、缓冲层2、非故意掺杂的外延层3、含有随机分布的空位缺陷的GaN表层4、二次外延生长的GaN层5、二次外延生长的AlN插入层6、以及二次外延生长的AlGaN层7。
本发明制备方法的具体过程如下:
(1)钎锌矿结构的原生GaN的外延生长采用金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)方法,依次在衬底层1上生长出缓冲层2、外延层3,其结构如图4所示,外延生长温度在1020℃至1150℃之间,衬底层1为蓝宝石、Si、SiC或者GaN之一,缓冲层2为低温GaN层或者AlN插入层,外延层3为i-GaN层;
(2)在GaN表面制作介质掩膜图形,对未被SiO2或SiN掩蔽的区域用Ar等离子体处理,等离子体用电感耦合等离子(Inductively Couple Plasma)刻蚀机产生,调整等离子体生成的射频电源功率和处理时间,形成含有随机分布的空位缺陷的GaN表层4,其结构如图5所示;
(3)在GaN表层4上二次外延生长GaN外延层5,其结构如图6所示;
(4)在GaN外延层5上二次外延生长0.5至2微米的AlN插入层6,其结构如图7所示;
(5)在AlN插入层6上二次外延生长AlGaN层7,形成AlGaN/AlN/GaN异质结构,其结构如图8所示。
以上对本发明所提供的二次外延生长氮化镓系材料的表面处理技术及其工艺流程进行了详细介绍,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明实施例的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (2)
1.一种二次外延生长制备氮化镓系材料的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)依次在衬底材料上生长出缓冲层、非故意掺杂的GaN外延层;
(2)在GaN外延层上淀积一层介质掩蔽膜,光刻并通过湿法腐蚀方法去除部分掩蔽膜,形成二次外延生长区域;
(3)将步骤(2)形成的材料进行等离子体处理,形成含有5~25%空位缺陷的GaN表层;
(4)二次外延生长出由氮化镓系二元、三元和四元化合物半导体材料构成的同质或者异质结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述等离子体处理为将材料暴露在氩气或者氮气的等离子体中,在表面产生物理刻蚀,形成随机分布的空位缺陷。
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CN101252100A (zh) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种A1GaN/GaN HEMT器件的隔离方法 |
CN101252088A (zh) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种新型增强型A1GaN/GaN HEMT器件的实现方法 |
CN103579330A (zh) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-02-12 | 三星电子株式会社 | 氮化物基半导体器件及其制造方法 |
CN107154338A (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-12 | 北京大学 | 一种提高GaN HEMT钝化效果、降低电流崩塌的表面处理技术 |
CN106024695A (zh) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-10-12 | 成都海威华芯科技有限公司 | 用于GaN晶体管的器件隔离方法 |
CN206301802U (zh) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-07-04 | 中山大学 | 一种选区外延高质量的AlGaN/GaN生长结构 |
CN106328474A (zh) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-11 | 北京大学 | 一种在室温环境下向氮化镓中引入杂质的方法 |
CN107170671A (zh) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-15 | 广东省半导体产业技术研究院 | 一种基于离子注入的GaN功率器件及其制造方法 |
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