CN108184570A - Water-collecting and fertilizer-collecting ridge-planting furrow-planting melon planting method - Google Patents
Water-collecting and fertilizer-collecting ridge-planting furrow-planting melon planting method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 31
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000036905 Benincasa cerifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011274 Benincasa cerifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000302512 Momordica charantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009811 Momordica charantia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009812 Momordica cochinchinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018365 Momordica dioica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-collecting and fertilizer-collecting ridge culture furrow melon planting method, which comprises the following steps: dividing a planting zone, wherein each zone forms ridges, and the ridge surface is arched; firstly, turning all the surface soil in the wide belt zone into the adjacent belt zone; then, ditching is carried out, the raw soil dug out in the ditch is placed on the ridge back and is cultivated into ridges, and the ditch is filled with mellow soil; the furrows are arranged alternately; small ditches are arranged at two sides of the corrugated ditch, two sides of the film are embedded into the small ditches and compacted by soil, so that the film is in an empty state on the ditches, and a water collecting surface can be formed by the corrugated ditch film when rainfall occurs; sowing in the ditch, covering a film in time after sowing, and digging a small hole above each seedling to release the watermelon seedling when the watermelon or pumpkin grows to 4-5 true leaves. The invention can intercept and store runoff generated from hillside on two sides of the river channel of the valley of the mountainous area, reduce water and soil loss, and can plant melons and fruits cash crops, thereby realizing organic combination of ecological benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to melon planting technical field more particularly to a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting sides of polywater collection fertilizer
Method.
Background technology
Melon crop includes pumpkin, watermelon, cucumber, balsam pear, muskmelon, wax gourd etc., and production pipe is carried out mostly as vegetables
Reason, large area high-yield culturing is using facility cultivation and outdoor cropping as principal mode.The melon planting technology variation of different cultivars is very
Greatly.Pumpkin, watermelon, wax gourd individual are larger, and cultivation cultivation technique is close.Facility cultivation is because artificially change natural, ecological
Environment, manual control measure eliminate various barrier factors, therefore can more crops for rotation plantations in production.And in outdoor cropping item
It under part, is then illuminated by the light, the influence of temperature, moisture, foster grading factors.The melon production in south is sufficient because of photo-thermal and moisture condition,
Therefore outdoor cropping also has preferably competitive advantage than Arid Regions of Northern.Vinyl house, Small plastic shed and outdoor cropping may be used
Etc. diversified forms, can be by spring precocity, spring, autumn delay and 4 kinds of cultivation season arrangements such as overwintering.
And in northern China, especially semiarid zone, for average annual precipitation in 200-400mm, water deficient is restricted area
Domain melon crop high yield, good essential condition.Semiarid zone illumination is sufficient, land resource relative abundance, but soil is leaner
Lean, nutrient supply is by the insufficient important limiting factor for also becoming this outdoor cultivation of regional development melon vegetables.Outdoor cropping item
Melon generally to carry out Cultivate administration using the climing ground mode of lying prone of melon under part, this planting type needs to consume more soil money
Source, but can also make full use of abundant care resource.
Therefore, in Semiarid Area of North farmland, development melon vegetables production is badly in need of solving the insufficient difficulty of liquid manure supply
Topic.Northwestern Hebei Bashang plateau is cross region between farmland and grassland, and 2/3rds farmland belongs to Drought sand field in cultivated area, have " cold and cool,
It is arid, barren, soil layer is thin " disorder characteristics.Make in such farmland planting spring wheat, potato, naked oats etc. when landlord plants
Object, unit area output is low, and technical economic benefit is relatively low.Develop the thin plantings industrial crops such as pumpkin, as long as solve " cold, drought,
It is thin, lean " obstacle, it is possible to significantly improve economic benefit.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting methods of polywater collection fertilizer, it is intended to solve in north
Square semiarid region farmland, development melon vegetables production are badly in need of solving the insufficient problem of liquid manure supply.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer, the polywater collection fertilizer
Ridge culture trench planting melon planting method includes the following steps：
Step 1 divides a plantation zone, can specify that the seeding row spacing of melon Lower Density Cultivation Method, to ensure to provide photo-thermal
Source and the efficient utilization of water and soil resources, to reduce resource-inefficient waste, per zone ridging, ridge facebow shape；It first will be in the area of broadband
Table soil is all translated into adjacent zone；
Step 2, then ditching, the raw-soil dug out in ditch are placed on ridge back, and train into ridge as required, are further filled in ditch ripe
Soil；Furrow is spaced；
Step 3 opens ditch in the both sides of row of tiles on a roof shape ditch, and the both sides of film are embedded in ditch, compact with soil, makes film
The phenomenon that being in empty shape on ditch, can guarantee that film covering is solid, the unreal film brought of firming is avoided to be blown away by wind occurs,
Locality has that wind number of days is more, Windy Days are also more, especially in melon planting season, while also assures moisture convergence and heat preservation effect
Fruit, row of tiles on a roof shape furrow membrane can form gathering surface during rainfall；
Step 4 is sowed in ditch, after planting timely overlay film, when watermelon or small pumpkin grow to 4~5 true leaves, every
The top of young plant scratches out a duck eye and releases melon seedling, in seedling root firming.
Further, a plantation zone is divided into every 2m in the step 1, per zone ridging, ridge facebow shape, ridge is high
15cm, row spacing 150cm, furrow width 50cm first all translate into the table soil of thickness 20cm in the area of 2m broadbands in adjacent zone.
Further, dig width 50cm in the step 2, depth be respectively 40cm ditch；The ripe of 40cm thickness is further filled in ditch
Soil.
Further, the both sides of the film of wide 90cm are embedded in ditch in the step 3.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting method kind using the polywater collection fertilizer
The watermelon of plant.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting method kind using the polywater collection fertilizer
The small pumpkin of plant.
The ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer provided by the invention, the river both sides of cheuch in mountain area, you can
The runoff for storing and being generated from hillside is cut, reduces soil erosion (according to experimental study, sloping upland Planting Crops, in general horizontal slope kind
Under the conditions of plant, the erosion amount of soil erosion is significantly higher than water and protects woods and herbosa processing, and under test conditions, sloping upland is invaded
Lose modulus 203.4t/km2, it is that plant plants processed 8.3 times；Under the conditions of polywater collection fertilizer ridge culture trench planting, sloping upland corrodes
Modulus 40.6t/km2, 80.04%) soil erosion amount reduces, and can plant melon and fruit class industrial crops, improves the warp of peasant
Ji benefit, realizes the combination of ecological benefits, environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Pumpkin thin planting polywater collection fertilizer trench culture, 1.25 ten thousand plants of per hectare small pumpkin, yield can reach 9812.5kg/hm2 -
14829.2kg/hm2, make not coating processing volume increase 53.59%-128.85% than flat；Economic benefit is up to 7078.1 yuan/hm2-
11944.7 member/hm2, increase 72.06%-183.84% than conventional flat planting net earnings, be when landlord plants the crop naked oats output value
2.8-3.02 times, be 1.36-1.47 times of the potato output value, techno-economic effect is notable.Ridge culture trench planting reduces water and soil simultaneously
Number of dropouts, ecological benefits are apparent, and peasant household can extract more funds and carry out hillside fields water and soil conservation in the case where income improves
Input, brings apparent social benefit and ecological benefits.Therefore the melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer thin planting trench culture can obtain aobvious
Economic benefit, ecological benefits and the social benefit of work.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ridge culture trench planting melon planting method flow diagram of polywater collection fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the influence of overlay film provided in an embodiment of the present invention, poly- soil processing to small pumpkin hydrometeor type (PUE)
Schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, the ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes following step
Suddenly：
S101：A plantation zone (wide 2m, long base area block length determine) is divided into every 2m, per zone ridging, ridge
Facebow shape, the high 15cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, furrow width 50cm first all translate into the table soil of thickness about 20cm in the area of 2m broadbands adjacent
Zone in；
S102：Then digging width 50cm, depth are respectively the ditch of 40cm, and the raw-soil dug out in ditch is placed on ridge back, and presses and want
Training is asked to be further filled with the mellow soil of 40cm thickness in ditch into ridge；Furrow is spaced；
S103：Ditch film process is to open ditch in the both sides of row of tiles on a roof shape ditch, and the both sides of the film of wide 90cm are embedded to ditch
It is interior, it is compact with soil, make film on ditch in emptying shape, row of tiles on a roof shape furrow membrane can form the gathering surface of about 70cm during rainfall；
S104：It is sowed in ditch, after planting timely overlay film, when watermelon (or small pumpkin) grows to 4~5 true leaves, every
The top of young plant scratches out a duck eye and releases melon seedling, and a little soil are pressed in seedling root, makes film substantially stationary and keeps row of tiles on a roof shape,
Prevent wind from being scratched.
The application effect of the present invention is explained in detail with reference to experiment.
1 experimental design
Experiment (2004 year) is using ditch ridge implant system, if overlay film, fertilising and poly- native 3 factors.Overlay film is divided into ridge and covers
Film (abbreviation ridge film, R) and ditch overlay film (abbreviation furrow membrane, F) two ways；Fertilising is divided into without fertilizer (N0P0) and fertilising (N60P45) two
Kind.
Dosage；It is horizontal that poly- soil is divided into accumulation mellow soil layer thickness 20cm, 40cm and 60cm3 kind in ditch.Field uses three factors
(2 × 2 × 3) complete scheme, totally 12 processing (being shown in Table 1), often processing are repeated 3 times, totally 36 cells.
Zone leader 6m, wide 4m are often handled, is divided into a plantation zone (2m × 4m) every 2m in long side side, often band
Area's ridging, ridge facebow shape, the high 15cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, furrow width 50cm, this is that the processing of 20cm mellow soil layer thickness (keeps former
Soil layer construction does not change).The processing of 40cm and 60cm mellow soil thickness is first all to translate into the table soil of thickness about 20cm in the area of 2m broadbands
In adjacent zone, then digging width 50cm, depth are respectively the ditch of 40cm and 60cm, and the raw-soil dug out in ditch is placed on ridge back,
And ridge is trained into as required, the mellow soil of 40cm, 60cm thickness is respectively filled in ditch again.Furrow is spaced, per 3 ridge of cell, 3 ditch.Ridge
Film process is that film is covered on ridge, film thickness 0.08mm, wide 160cm, covers the soil of 1.5cm thickness on film again.Ditch film process is
Ditch is opened in the both sides of row of tiles on a roof shape ditch, the both sides of the film of wide 90cm are embedded in ditch, it is compact with soil, make film on ditch
In emptying shape, row of tiles on a roof shape furrow membrane can form the gathering surface of about 70cm during rainfall.Two kinds of coating processings are sowed in ditch, ditch
Film process is in after planting timely overlay film, and when small pumpkin grows to 4~5 true leaves, a duck eye is scratched out in the top of every young plant will
Melon seedling is released, and a little soil are pressed in seedling root, is made film substantially stationary and is kept row of tiles on a roof shape, prevents wind from being scratched.
On the basis of the experiment of 2004 years, ridging not overlay film and a large amount chemical fertilizer (N are increased within 200590P67.5) two classes
Processing.I.e. in experimental design, the overlay film factor is divided into not overlay film (referred to as without film, C), ridge overlay film (abbreviation ridge film, R) and ditch overlay film
(abbreviation furrow membrane, F) three kinds of modes；Fertilising is divided into without fertilizer (N0P0), fertilising (N60P45, F) and high fertile (N90P67.5, HF) three kinds with
Amount；Poly- soil handles same last year.Field uses horizontal (3 × 3 × 3) the incomplete scheme of three factor three, totally 24 processing (being shown in Table 1),
Often processing is repeated 3 times, totally 72 cells, plot area 2m × 4m, one ditch of a ridge.Other experiment arrangements were the same as 2004.
1 experimental design scheme of table
2 materials to be tested
Material to be tested is small pumpkin, selects South Korea's kind " sun ", sowing on May 18th, 2004, spacing in the rows 40cm, August 29
Day harvests.On May 16th, 2005 is sowed, and September harvests on the 3rd.Chemical fertilizer, which is concentrated, to be applied in kind of planting ditch, phosphate fertilizer diammonium, per hectare
Pure phosphorus 45kg is applied, makees base manure and once applies；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, coordinates with diammonium, purity nitrogen dosage is made to reach 60kghm-2, it is divided into
Base manure and top dressing apply (base, chase after respectively account for half dosage) twice, and one piece of application of base manure and phosphate fertilizer, top dressing then grows to 4~5 in seedling
During piece true leaf, with reference to one piece of application of weeding.Ditch film process then first opens film, again that membrane pressure is good after weeding, spraying fertilizer, then
Melon seedling is released under film, seedling root compact with soil, fixed film.Small pumpkin breeding time does not irrigate.
3 with reference to result with analysis the invention will be further described.
As a result with analysis
3.1 overlay films, fertilising and influence of the poly- soil to small pumpkin economic flow rate
(1) significance of difference that film mulching method influences small pumpkin yield (fresh weight) with poly- soil
Variance analysis shows (table 2), average to gather the processing of 40cm mellow soil in poly- soil processing under two kinds of Fertilization Levels
Yield highest, the significant difference with the processing of 20cm, 60cm mellow soil.And 20cm and 60cm mellow soil processing volume variance is not notable.
Under two kinds of Fertilization Levels, volume variance significantly (P between two kinds of film mulching methods<0.05), ditch film process yield significantly (P<0.05)
Higher than ridge film process (table 2, table 3).Not to fertilize under the conditions of, ridge film is lower 1520.8kghm than ditch film process average product-2；
Averagely increase 2159.7kghm than ridge film process yield using furrow membrane after chemical fertilizer-2。
Table 2 is without fertilizer and two the lower overlay film of fertilising, poly- native two factor Grouping Variance Analysis result (P<0.05)
Influence (2004) of the film mulching method to small pumpkin yield under 3 identical fertilizer application condition of table
(2) under different fertilization conditions, response (2004) of the small pumpkin yield to film mulching method
As shown in Table 3, under the conditions of no fertilizer, ditch film process small pumpkin yield than ridge film process volume increase 5.33%~
63.44%, and after applying fertilizer, furrow membrane reaches 15.43%~56.82% than the amount of increase in production of ridge film process, the knot with variance analysis
Fruit (table 2) is with uniformity.This is because the effect that collects the rain moisture of ditch overlay film is better than ridge film, and film is covered in kind of a planting ditch
On can improve the emergence stage soil moisture, promote small pumpkin early germination, early emergence, be the formation and raising of small pumpkin yield
Moisture and temperature basis are established.This, which absolutely proves that ditch film mulching method can be used as, improves the soil water, air and heat situation, improves dilute
Plant the important management measure of melon vegetables yield.
(3) fertilising and influence of the poly- native two-factor to small pumpkin yield
By analyzing fertilising with influence (table 4, table 5) of the poly- native two-factor to small pumpkin yield it is found that under the conditions of the film of ridge,
Accumulation
It applies fertilizer under 4 ridge film of table, furrow membrane, two Grouping Variance Analysis result (P of poly- native two factor<0.05)
The poly- soil of table 5 and fertilizer treatment small pumpkin volume analysis
Different-thickness mellow soil makes small pumpkin volume variance reach the level of signifiance (P<0.05) yield, is handled with 40cm thickness
Highest.Compared with the processing of 20cm thickness, 40cm and 60cm thickness processing volume increase 13.63%~14.78% and -11.82% respectively
~-29.55%.And under the conditions of furrow membrane, 40cm and 60cm thickness processing yield is higher, and difference is not notable, and phase is handled with 20cm
Increase by 22.66%~23.01% and 19.79%~25.49% respectively than yield, difference reaches the level of signifiance, it is possible thereby to really
Fixed artificial accumulation mellow soil thickness reaches 40cm, and thickness is further added by, and not only without effect of increasing production, but also increases human and material resources
Put into or even be also possible to the underproduction.
Under ridge, ditch film mulching method, fertilising is more notable (table 4, table 5) than without fertilizer processing production-increasing function.Each poly- soil thickness under the film of ridge
It applies fertilizer than the amount of increase in production without fertilizer processing as 7.39%~18.28%, the amount of increase in production under furrow membrane then reaches 13.49%~
18.89%.And furrow membrane without fertilizer processing compared with the film fertilizer treatment of ridge, except 20cm thickness processing slightly have the underproduction in addition to, 40cm and
The processing of 60cm thickness then has 5.11%~38.18% effect of increasing production, this more illustrates ditch film mulching method afflux, protects water storage point
Effect is preferable, while improves soil temperature early period in small pumpkin fertility, ultimately forms higher economic flow rate, maximum output reaches
To 9812.5kghm2.With reference to the effect of overlay film, poly- native depth and the factor of applying fertilizer, it may be determined that ditch film process is plus 40cm's
Mellow soil layer is built up, then is equipped with the rational application of fertilizer, is that the area sandy chestnut soil farmland obtains the highly efficient and productive optimal cultivation of small pumpkin
Technical measures.
3.2 overlay films, poly- soil and influence of the fertilising to small pumpkin water use efficiency
Water use efficiency (Water Use Efficiency, WUE) refers to that per hectare farmland consumes every millimeter of soil storage
The small pumpkin economic flow rate that water is produced (based on fresh sample or dry matter).The variation tendency of WUE values and water consumption are substantially opposite
(table 6).It is calculated according to fresh melon data it is found that ditch film process WUE mean values reach 45.13kgmm-1·hm-2, than ridge film process
WUE is averagely higher by 18.78kgmm-1·hm-2, F2 processing water use efficiency be up to 60.72kgmm-1·hm-2；Ridge
Under film, fertilising is higher 1.44kgmm than without fertilizer processing WUE mean values-1·hm-2；Water use efficiency is anti-after applying fertilizer in ditch film process
And have dropped 0.8 kgmm-1·hm-2；Gather under Covering techniques soil processing generally handled with 40cm it is higher (at furrow membrane fertilising
Reason exception).Variation tendency and the fresh sample that the WUE values of calculating are done according to melon are basically identical, the moisture profit that ditch film process is obtained
Be apparently higher than ridge film process with efficiency, but apply fertilizer and without fertilizer handle between water use efficiency difference it is minimum.
It can be seen that ditch overlay film measure significantly improves small pumpkin water use efficiency, and protect stored more in the soil
Moisture, technique effect is very notable.
6 different disposal small pumpkin water consumption of table and water use efficiency (WUE)
Note：Reference character is identical, represents difference not significantly (P<0.05), similarly hereinafter.
For drought-hit area, natural rainfall be agricultural production uniquely to source, the yield of crop is poor under similary precipitation condition
Different just intuitively to reflect utilization power of the cultivating and growing technology for precipitation, size can use hydrometeor type
(Precipitation Use Efficiency, PUE) compares.It was found that hydrometeor type (Fig. 2) changes with yield (table 6)
Unanimously.It is 38.03kgmm with furrow membrane fertilising plus 40cm mellow soil processing (FF2) PUE value highests-1·hm-2, handled most with R3
Low is 20.03kgmm-1·hm-2.Ridge film, ditch film process average PUE values be respectively 27.24kgmm-1·hm-2With
30.91kg·mm-1·hm-2；The PUE average out to 31.21kgmm handled to fertilize-1·hm-2, it is higher than without fertilizer processing
3.86kg·mm-1·hm-2；It is up to 32.27kgmm with 40cm processing PUE mean values in poly- soil measure-1·hm-2Compare respectively
20cm and 60cm processing mean heights 5.09kgmm-1·hm-2And 3.87kgmm-1·hm-2。
Through regression statistical analysis, small pumpkin economic flow rate (y) and water use efficiency (WUEIt is fresh) between have preferable line
Sexual intercourse, equation are as follows：
Y=544.07+223.94*WUE；
F=102.25**R2=0.9109
Then there is curved line relation between yield (y) and water consumption (x), equation is：
Y=-6882637+87231x-367.37x2+0.5147x3；F=2.58*R2=0.4916
By equation it is found that relationship is complicated between small pumpkin yield and farmland water consumption, but the output effect of unit soil water consumption
Rate and the preferable linear relationship of yield composition, yield is higher, and water use efficiency is higher.
The variation of comprehensive analysis water consumption and WUE and PUE it is found that ridge film mulching method make in breeding time small pumpkin water consumption compared with
It is more, and WUE and PUE are relatively low, illustrate have relatively large number of Soil storage water or precipitation to be deactivated and lose.And ditch film process because
Reduce the invalid evaporation of the soil water in kind of planting ditch, Water-saving effect is preferable, consume the output efficiency (WUE) of Soil storage water compared with
Height is also higher to the utilization ratio (PUE) of natural rainfall.Coating processing can also store more water in the soil body in ditch simultaneously
Point.
3.3 different overlay films, poly- soil processing small pumpkin biological yield
As shown in Table 7, overlay film, fertilising and poly- native measure makes that small pumpkin is fresh, dry biological yield (maturity period small pumpkin and stem
The sum of the fresh of leaf, dry weight) significant difference (P<0.05), between different disposal it is fresh, dry biological yield variation tendency is basically identical,
Amplitude of variation is slightly different.Under the conditions of the film of ridge, fertilising without fertilizer processing dry biomass than increasing -3.00%~44.50%；Two kinds
Under Fertilization Level, accumulation 40cm, 60cm mellow soil increase by 12.69%~67.87% and than 20cm mellow soil processing dry biomass respectively
21.24%~31.51%.Under the conditions of furrow membrane, fertilising without fertilizer processing dry biomass than increasing -14.91%~30.95%；Two kinds
Under Fertilization Level, simple poly- soil can make dry biomass increase by 1.65%~64.40%, and three kinds of poly- soil are thick under fertilizer application condition
The difference that degree handles fresh biomass is not but notable.Illustrate that poly- native measure is combined with concentrating using chemical fertilizer, can preferably promote small
The growth of pumpkin, dry biomass reach as high as 4638.6kghm-2。
The influence (2004) of fertilising and poly- soil to small pumpkin biological yield under 7 ridge of table, ditch overlay film
For furrow membrane compared with the film of ridge, each dry biomass that handles has a different degrees of increase, increasing degree -11.97%~
Between 64.14%, illustrate that ditch overlay film Water-saving effect is preferable, moisture supply is more sufficient, and dry biomass is accordingly higher.But F2 processing
Economic flow rate is higher than R2 processing (table 6), and fresh biomass is less than R2 processing.Comparative analysis economic flow rate (small pumpkin weight) and
Total biomass illustrates different disposal measure to small pumpkin it is found that high processing its economic flow rate of Stem-leaf biomass is not high yet
Biological character produces differentia influence, and the growth of relatively vigorous cauline leaf provides it is possible that consuming moisture relatively on the high side with nutrient
Source, makes that reproductive growth postpones or phenomena such as poor pollination occurs, and affects the final economic flow rate of small pumpkin and is formed.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer, which is characterized in that the ridge culture trench planting melon of the polywater collection fertilizer
Class implantation methods include the following steps：
Step 1 divides a plantation zone, per zone ridging, ridge facebow shape；The table soil in the area of broadband is all first translated into phase
In adjacent zone；
Step 2, then ditching, the raw-soil dug out in ditch are placed on ridge back, and train into ridge as required, mellow soil are further filled in ditch；Ridge
Ditch is spaced；
Step 3 opens ditch in the both sides of row of tiles on a roof shape ditch, and the both sides of film are embedded in ditch, compact with soil, makes film in ditch
It is upper in emptying shape, row of tiles on a roof shape furrow membrane can form gathering surface during rainfall；
Step 4 is sowed in ditch, after planting timely overlay film, when watermelon or small pumpkin grow to 4~5 true leaves, in every young plant
Top scratch out a duck eye and release melon seedling, in seedling root firming.
2. the ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1
A plantation zone is divided into every 2m, often zone ridging, ridge facebow shape, the high 15cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, furrow width 50cm first will
The table soil of thickness 20cm is all translated into adjacent zone in the area of 2m broadbands.
3. the ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2
Digging width 50cm, depth are respectively the ditch of 40cm；The mellow soil of 40cm thickness is further filled in ditch.
4. the ridge culture trench planting melon planting method of polywater collection fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3
It will be in the both sides embedment ditch of the film of wide 90cm.
5. a kind of west that ridge culture trench planting melon planting method using polywater collection fertilizer described in 4 any one of Claims 1 to 4 is planted
Melon.
6. a kind of ridge culture trench planting melon planting method using polywater collection fertilizer described in 4 any one of Claims 1 to 4 is planted small
Pumpkin.
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| CN110583196A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-20 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | Water-collecting fertilizer-collecting ridge culture melon planting automatic ditch water injection device |
| CN111295966A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Efficient water collecting method for dry farmland ridge culture |
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