CN108181443B - Multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection, which comprises a shell, wherein a soil sample feeding hopper, a soil grinding device and a soil shunt device are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom, the soil shunt device comprises a rectangular main pipe and three rectangular branch pipes, soil conveying belts are arranged at the bottom ends of the three rectangular branch pipes, a soil component detection device, a soil moisture detection device and a soil pH value detection device are respectively arranged below the three conveying belts, the soil component detection device comprises a near-infrared soil nutrient rapid detector, and a gas chromatograph is arranged at one side of the soil moisture detection device.

Description

Multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil detection, in particular to a multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection.

Background

The superficial rock of the earth undergoes weathering and is progressively destroyed into loose mineral particles of varying sizes (called the matrix). The soil is formed and evolved under the comprehensive action of various soil forming factors such as parent material, climate, biology, terrain, time and the like. The soil is complex in composition and generally consists of mineral substances, organic matters generated by decomposition of animal and plant residues, water, air and other solid, liquid and gas phases.

Soil is a loose surface layer on the land surface which has fertility and can grow plants. It is a special component in the environment between the atmospheric space, rock space, water space and biosphere. The soil is composed of mineral substances, organic substances generated by decomposition of animal and plant residues, soil organisms, water, air and other solid, liquid and gas phases, and is a material basis on which animals, plants and human beings live.

Soil environment detection means determining environmental quality or a degree of pollution and a variation tendency thereof by measuring a representative value of factors affecting soil environment quality. Soil detection generally refers to soil environment monitoring, and generally comprises technical contents of stationing sampling, sample preparation, analysis methods, result characterization, data statistics, quality evaluation and the like.

The main detection contents of the soil comprise: soil pH, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel, dry matter, moisture, sulfate, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the like.

The general situation of soil pollution in China is not optimistic, soil pollution in parts of regions is serious, and soil heavily-polluted regions and high-risk regions appear in heavily-polluted enterprises or industrial intensive regions, industrial and mining areas and peripheral regions, cities and suburban regions; the soil pollution types are various, and the situation of coexistence of new and old pollutants and inorganic and organic composite pollution is presented; the soil pollution approaches are multiple, the reasons are complex, and the control difficulty is high; the soil environment supervision and management system is not sound, the investment of soil pollution prevention and control is insufficient, and the consciousness of soil pollution prevention and control in the whole society is not strong; the quality safety problem of agricultural products and the mass events caused by soil pollution increase year by year, and become important factors influencing the health and social stability of the masses.

Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the detection of the environmental soil, which can guide farmers to select proper fertilizers to make the saplings and crops grow better, and can also develop unknown fields for planting, so that the soil resources can be fully utilized. In areas with severe soil pollution, management and pollution control are enhanced, so that the soil pollution is gradually relieved.

The invention with the application number of 201710458223.6 is named as an environmental soil detection device, which comprises a base, wherein the lower surface of the base is provided with a supporting leg, the front side of a detection box on the upper surface of the base is provided with an opening, one side of the opening is hinged with a sealing plate through a hinge, a workbench is supported on a supporting column at the bottom end inside the detection box, the middle part of the upper surface of the workbench is provided with a groove, the middle part of the lower surface of the workbench is provided with a heating device, an electric telescopic rod at the top end inside the detection box is connected with a pressure plate through a movable rod, the input end of a heating switch and the input end of the electric telescopic rod switch are both electrically connected with the output end of an external power supply, the output end of the electric telescopic rod switch is electrically connected with the input end of the electric telescopic rod, an air inlet of a gas, the efficiency of organic matter volatilization is greatly improved, and the sealing effect is good. But only can detect volatile organic compounds in the soil, but not other substances in the soil, and has great limitation.

The existing soil detection device has the following defects and problems:

(1) most of the existing devices which are convenient to carry and can be detected in the field can only detect certain performance of soil, such as certain organic matters, moisture and the like of the soil, due to small volume, the functions are few, and if most functions of the soil are to be detected, a plurality of detection devices are required to be combined, so that the error is large, and the consumed time is long;

(2) at present, relatively comprehensive detection on soil is carried out in a laboratory, firstly, a soil sample needs to be stored in the laboratory, if the soil is not well stored, the difference between a detection result and a true value is large, and in the detection process in the laboratory, because a plurality of attributes of the soil need to be detected, the detection takes long time, long waiting time is needed, the detection efficiency is low, the cost of various reagents is relatively high, and the agricultural power paid by detection personnel is relatively large.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the multifunctional rapid detection device for detecting the environmental soil, which can simultaneously detect the pH value of a soil solution, the nutrients of soil solids, the moisture content of the soil and the properties of gases in the soil, has comprehensive functions, greatly improves the detection efficiency of the soil by the grinding device and the heating device, saves the human resources and the detection cost by semi-automatic detection, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection comprises a shell, wherein a soil sample feeding hopper is arranged at the top of the shell, a soil grinding device is arranged under the soil sample feeding hopper, and a soil shunting device is arranged under the soil grinding device;

the soil shunting device comprises a rectangular main pipe and three rectangular branch pipes arranged at the bottom ends of the rectangular main pipes, wherein soil conveying belts are arranged at the bottom ends of the three rectangular branch pipes, an air drying mechanism and a soil component detection device are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of one of the soil conveying belts, a soil moisture detection device and a soil pH value detection device are respectively arranged below the other two soil conveying belts, and the soil component detection device, the soil moisture detection device and the soil pH value detection device are respectively positioned in three independent spaces at the bottom in the shell;

soil composition detection device includes near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter, near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter top is equipped with the detection feeder hopper that is located soil conveyer belt one end below, soil moisture detection device one side is equipped with gas chromatograph.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the soil grinding device comprises two rolling wheels which are arranged in a shell through a rotating shaft, the two rolling wheels are opposite in rotation direction and parallel to each other, the rectangular main pipe is positioned right below a gap between the two rolling wheels, and a screen is arranged at the top end of the rectangular main pipe.

As a preferable technical scheme, two sides of the soil conveying belt are provided with protection plates.

As a preferred technical scheme, the air drying mechanism comprises a horizontal plate which is fixedly installed in the shell and located above the soil conveying belt, a plurality of motors are installed on the horizontal plate, the motors penetrate through the horizontal plate through motor shafts and are connected with fan blades, and a heating net installed at the bottom of the horizontal plate is arranged below the fan blades.

According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a gas leakage-proof cover is arranged on the outer side of the soil moisture detection device, the soil moisture detection device comprises a weighing device positioned below one end of a soil conveying belt, a containing box is supported at the top of the weighing device, a drying device is arranged at the top of the containing box, and an air supply mechanism is arranged above one side of the containing box.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the drying device includes a fixing plate suspended in a housing by a vertical fixing rod, and a far infrared drying lamp is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a conical reflecting lampshade arranged at the bottom of the fixing plate is arranged on the outer side of the far infrared drying lamp, and a plurality of protective wires are arranged at the bottom of the conical reflecting lampshade.

As a preferable technical scheme, the soil pH value detection device comprises a reaction cylinder positioned below one end of a soil conveying belt, a water discharge pipe is connected to the bottom side of the reaction cylinder, a water storage tank fixed in a shell is arranged above the reaction cylinder, a water pipe is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank, the bottom of the water pipe extends into the reaction cylinder, and electromagnetic valves are mounted on the water pipe and the water discharge pipe.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a stirring device is inserted in the reaction cylinder, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a roller.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) after the soil sample is poured into the shell, the soil can respectively flow to three directions, so that the soil is detected by the soil component detection device for detecting solid components and nutrients of the soil, the soil moisture detection device for detecting the moisture content of the soil and the soil pH detection device for detecting the pH of the soil, and the gas in the soil can be detected by the gas chromatograph, so that the multifunctional detection of the soil is realized, and the detection is more comprehensive;

(2) according to the soil detection device, the soil is firstly ground by the soil grinding device, the reaction area is enlarged, then the soil flows to three areas where different detection devices are placed, the soil can be detected by the soil component detection device, the soil moisture detection device and the soil pH value detection device simultaneously, the detection process and steps are greatly reduced, the soil moisture content is detected by adopting a far infrared ray soil drying and weighing method, the soil solid components and nutrients are detected by a near infrared ray soil nutrient tachymeter, the experiment time is greatly shortened, gas generated by drying the soil can directly enter a gas chromatograph, the soil detection process is connected, the detection efficiency is high, the consumed reagent is less, the detection cost is low, and the burden of detection personnel is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the rectangular branched pipe of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a soil sample composition detection device according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a soil moisture detecting device according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil ph detection device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a housing; 2-a soil sample feed hopper; 3-a soil grinding device; 4-a soil diversion device; 5-a soil component detection device; 6-a soil moisture detection device; 7-a soil pH value detection device; 8-air drying mechanism; 9-gas chromatography;

101-a roller; 102-a battery;

301-a rotating shaft; 302-rolling wheels;

401-rectangular main tube; 402-rectangular pipe distribution; 403-soil conveyer belt; 404-a screen; 405-protective plate; 406-a tapered drainage block; 407-weighing plate; 4071-a weighing sensor; 408-ring magnet; 4081-electromagnetic seat; 4082-control means; 409-a flow control valve;

501-infrared soil nutrient rapid detector; 502-detecting the feed hopper; 503-solid soil component display screen;

601-a weighing device; 6011-quality display screen; 602-a container; 603-a drying device; 604-vertical fixation rods; 605-a fixed plate; 606-far infrared drying lamp; 607-a conical light reflecting shade; 608-protective filament;

701-a reaction cylinder; 702-a water drain pipe; 703-a water storage tank; 7031-water separation tank; 7032-water-stop sheet; 7033-bleeder valve; 704-a water pipe; 705-electromagnetic valve; 706-stirring means; 707-PH automatic detector; 708-PH display screen; 709-PH probe;

801-horizontal plate; 802-electric machine; 803-motor shaft; 804-fan blades; 805-heating a mesh; 806-temperature control relay;

901-gas leakage prevention cover; 902-an air supply mechanism; 903-gas composition display.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection, which comprises a shell 1, wherein rollers 101 are arranged at the bottom of the shell 1, so that the whole soil detection device is easier to carry, when the soil detection device is used for field detection, the device is carried out after the device is carried to a place needing detection by a carrying vehicle, the carrying of the detection device on the ground is easier by the rollers 101, a soil sample feeding hopper 2 is arranged at the top of the shell 1, a soil sample is poured into the soil sample feeding hopper 2, and then various indexes of the soil can be detected through a series of steps. For making this detection device detect more stably in the field, still install battery 102 in this device, after every turn is full of the battery 102 of this device and charges, in the field detection, battery 102 just can supply power for devices such as soil grinder 3, soil diverging device 4, soil composition detection device 5, soil moisture detection device 6, soil pH valve detection device 7, air-dry mechanism 8, gas chromatograph 9 to guarantee that detection device can detect soil steadily.

As shown in fig. 1, a soil grinding device 3 is arranged under the soil sample feeding hopper 2, the soil grinding device 3 comprises two rolling wheels 302 installed in the housing 1 through a rotating shaft 301, and the distance between the two rolling wheels 302 is 0.2-0.8mm, so that the soil is ground to be finer and more broken, and the soil reacts faster and the detection speed is faster. The two rolling wheels 302 are opposite in rotation and parallel to each other, and the two rolling wheels 302 generate a pressing force between each other to press the soil sample.

As shown in fig. 1, be equipped with soil diverging device 4 under soil grinder 3, soil diverging device 4 includes that the rectangle is responsible for 401, is located the screen cloth 404 that the rectangle was responsible for 401 top and installs three rectangle minute pipes 402 in rectangular pipe 401 bottom, the rectangle is responsible for 401 and is located under the gap between two rolling wheels 302, and the area of the top of rectangle is responsible for 401 and is bigger than the area in gap to make the soil sample all can fall on the screen cloth 404, the top surface shape of screen cloth 404 is the arc of undercut, makes the soil sample not fall out outside the screen cloth 404, and the mesh aperture of screen cloth 404 is about 2mm, and screen cloth 404 screens the soil sample granule of suitable diameter size, makes the soil sample that falls into the rectangle is responsible for 401 more meticulous, makes the soil detection more smooth.

As shown in figure 1, three rectangles are divided and are mutually independent 402, thereby make subsequent soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil pH valve also mutually independent, thereby make each detection step more reliable, each other does not influence, soil diverging device 4 makes three detection method mutual independence that soil detected, make three detection step of soil both can go on simultaneously, also can alternate and go on, make this device have multiple detection function, the efficiency that soil detected has been improved, and need reagent few, the detection cost has been greatly reduced, soil preliminary treatment before soil detection is mostly accomplished by the machine, the manpower has been saved, can detect more soil samples in the same time.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, a tapered diversion block 406 is inserted into the rectangular main pipe 401 at the top end of the rectangular branch pipe 401, so that soil can be distributed in each rectangular branch pipe 401, and the condition that the soil cannot flow into the rectangular branch pipe 401 does not exist. As shown in FIG. 2, the weighing plates 407 are mounted at the bottom ends of the three rectangular branched pipes 401, the sheet-shaped weighing sensors 4071 are mounted on the weighing plates 407, and the area of each sheet-shaped weighing sensor 4071 is the same as that of the bottom end of the inner side of each rectangular branched pipe, so that the mass measurement is more accurate. The right end of the weighing plate 407 is further provided with a ring-shaped magnet 408, the bottom end of the rectangular branch pipe 401 is provided with an electromagnetic base 4081, the electromagnetic base 4081 is connected with an electromagnetic control device 4082, the control device 4082 is electrically connected with the weighing sensor 4071, the top end of the rectangular branch pipe 401 is further provided with a flow control valve 409, and the flow control valve 409 is electrically connected with the control device 4082.

The working principle that the upper-section rectangular branch pipe 401 is divided into the soil with fixed mass is as follows: as shown in fig. 2, initially, the electromagnetic seat 4081 is energized, and the electromagnetic seat 4081 attracts the ring magnet 408 to close the weighing plate 407, i.e., to block the outlet of the rectangular branch pipe 401, so that soil does not fall out of the branch pipe. Then the control device 4082 controls the flow control valve 409 to be opened, so that the soil drops into the three rectangular branch pipes 401 continuously, the weighing sensor 4071 at the bottom end of each branch pipe 401 can detect the mass of the soil falling onto the weighing plate 407 instantly, when the detected mass reaches a certain preset mass, the weighing sensor 4071 converts the detected signal through a plurality of rows of converters and transmits the converted signal to the control device 4082 to control the signal, the control device 4082 controls the flow control valve 409 in the rectangular branch pipe 401 to be closed firstly, so that the soil does not flow into the branch pipe any more, then the control device 4082 controls the electromagnetic seat 4081 to be powered off, the weighing plate 407 is automatically opened due to the action of gravity, the soil on the weighing plate falls onto the soil conveying belt 403, the accurate mass control of the soil is completed, and the detection result of the soil is more credible. Here the mass of soil falling onto each soil conveyor belt 403 is about 20 g.

As shown in fig. 1, three the rectangle is in charge of 402 the bottom and all is equipped with soil conveyer belt 403, guard plate 405 is all installed to the both sides of soil conveyer belt 403, prevents that the soil sample from dropping out the conveyer belt in the in-process of transportation and causing the loss of sample and the reduction of experimental sample, has guaranteed the accuracy and the stability of detection. A soil moisture detection device 6 and a soil pH value detection device 7 are respectively arranged below the other two soil conveying belts 403, the soil component detection device 5, the soil moisture detection device 6 and the soil pH value detection device 7 are respectively positioned in three independent spaces at the bottom in the shell 1, and the three detection devices are separated by water-stop plates, so that the detection is independent, and the soil detection is orderly carried out.

As shown in fig. 3, the upper end and the lower end of one of the soil conveyer belts 403 are respectively provided with an air drying mechanism 8 and a soil component detection device 5, the air drying mechanism 8 includes a horizontal plate 801 fixedly installed in the housing 1 and located above the soil conveyer belt 403, the horizontal plate 801 is provided with a plurality of motors 802, the motors 802 penetrate through the horizontal plate through motor shafts 803 and are connected with fan blades 804, a heating net 805 installed at the bottom of the horizontal plate 801 is arranged below the fan blades 804, heating wires are arranged in the heating net 805, the heating wires heat the heating net 805 by using the principle that current flows through special resistors, and the top end of the heating net 805 is installed at the bottom end of the horizontal plate 801 through a clamping plate, so that the heating net 805 is more stable. The horizontal plate 801 is internally provided with an electric installation layer, a current controller for providing rotating electric energy for the motor 804 and heating the heating net 805 is arranged in the electric installation layer, and the wind speed of the fan blades 804 and the temperature of the heating net 805 are controlled by controlling the current flowing to the motor 804 and the heating net 805, so that the air drying mechanism 8 can better dry soil.

The working process of the air drying mechanism 8 is as follows: as shown in fig. 3, the soil falling on the soil conveyer belt 403 conveyed to the soil component detecting device 5 does not move at the beginning, the motor 802 drives the fan blade 804 to rotate, the fan blade 804 blows air downwards to pass through the heating net 805, the air is blown onto the soil on the soil conveyer belt 403 after being heated, the air drying speed of the soil is accelerated, the temperature of the hot air is not too high, the temperature is controlled to be 40-60 ℃, certain volatile organic compounds in the soil are prevented from being evaporated, and when the electric appliance is cooled to the reset temperature, the contact is automatically closed/opened, and the normal working state is recovered. After the air-drying step is completed, the soil conveyer belt 403 conveys the processed soil into the soil component detection device 5, so that the pretreatment step before soil detection is completed, and the preparation time before detection is saved.

It should be added that, as shown in fig. 3, in order to control the temperature of the hot air in the upper section, the heating net 805 is further connected with a temperature control relay 806, a KSD301 temperature relay is used to control the temperature of the heating net 805, the temperature control relay is a temperature control switch using a bimetallic strip as a temperature sensing component, when the electrical appliance normally works, the bimetallic strip is in a free state, the contacts are in a closed/open state, when the temperature reaches an action temperature, the bimetallic strip is heated to generate an internal stress to rapidly act, the contacts are opened/closed, and the circuit is cut off/connected, so as to play a role of controlling the temperature, the temperature control relay 806 controls the temperature of the heating net 805, so that the heating net 805 is always kept in a range of 40-60 ℃, and the.

As shown in fig. 3, soil composition detection device 5 includes near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter 501, near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter 501 top is equipped with the detection feeder hopper 502 that is located soil conveyer belt 403 one end below, near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter 501 installs in shell 1, and near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter 501's lateral part installs solid soil composition display screen 503, solid soil composition display screen 503 protrudes the surface of shell 1, after soil sample falls into near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter 501 in, solid soil composition display screen 503 just can come out solid soil's composition and content detection immediately, and is convenient and fast, be convenient for to the research and the analysis to soil.

The principle of soil detection by the near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter 501 is as follows: in the near infrared spectrum region, the absorption of organic substances is mainly the absorption of a band by a frequency synthesis and multiplication frequency of contraction, vibration, bending and the like of a certain functional group such as C-H, O-H, N-H and the like. The composition of the organic matter in the soil can be measured through the relation between the spectral absorption characteristic of the soil sample and the composition structure of the soil sample. The near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter applies a spectrum technology, does not need a chemical reagent, saves the cost of a detection experiment, and can directly detect the content of N, P, K organic matters and the like in soil by a soil sample falling into the soil component detection device 5 from the soil conveying belt 403. The detection speed is high, and multiple groups of data can be detected in a short time so as to facilitate comparison and reduce errors.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the soil moisture detecting device 6 includes a weighing device 601 located below one end of the soil conveyer 403, the weighing device 601 is connected with a mass display screen 6011, and can rapidly detect data before soil drying and data after soil drying, and then relevant personnel can record the data, so as to calculate the moisture content of the soil. The weighing device 601 supports a container 602 at the top, and the soil sample on the conveyer belt 403 falls into the container 602. The top of the container 602 is provided with a drying device 603 for drying the soil in the container 602. The drying device 603 comprises a fixing plate 605 suspended in the housing 1 by a vertical fixing rod 604, and a far infrared drying lamp 606 is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate 605.

Preferably, the far infrared ray drying lamp 606 has the following advantages: the infrared rays emitted by the far infrared drying lamp 606 have penetrating power and can heat the inside and outside of soil simultaneously, so that the heated objects can be heated uniformly, the soil can meet the expected drying requirement, the soil drying quality can be guaranteed and improved, the heating speed is high, the energy-saving effect is achieved, the heating and drying efficiency is high, the soil drying can be completed in dozens of minutes, the space can be saved, the production flow is shortened, and the soil drying device has the advantages of labor saving, energy saving, cost saving, easiness in temperature control, rapidness in temperature rise, safety and the like.

As shown in fig. 4, a conical light-reflecting lampshade 607 installed at the bottom of the fixing plate 605 is installed at the outer side of the far infrared drying lamp 606, the conical light-reflecting lampshade 607 reflects the infrared light generated by the far infrared drying lamp 606 to the soil in the containing box 602 below the far infrared drying lamp 606, so that the light is more concentrated, and the soil drying speed is faster. A plurality of protective wires 608 are arranged at the bottom of the conical reflecting lamp cover 607, so that the far infrared drying lamp 606 is prevented from falling out of the conical reflecting lamp cover 607, and the stability and the safety of the drying device 603 are ensured.

It is added here that the drying method is adopted to detect the soil moisture content, and the concrete method and steps are as follows: 1. the soil just dropped from the soil conveyer 403 into the housing box 602 is not heated first, and the weight M is weighed, and it is noted that (soil mass) M is (total mass of undried soil and housing box 602) - (initial mass of housing box 602). 2. The soil was heated by the far infrared ray drying lamp 606 at a temperature of 105. + -.2 ℃ until the soil quality was not changed, and the soil mass m after drying the water at this time was measured (m is the mass of the soil containing no water after deducting the mass of the housing case 602). 3. The water content ω of the soil can be calculated by the formula ω (M-M)/M × 100%.

As shown in fig. 4, a gas chromatograph 9 mounted on the inner wall of the housing 1 is arranged on the upper right side of the soil moisture detection device 6, and a gas component display screen 903 is arranged on the right side of the gas chromatograph 9, which penetrates out of the housing 1, so that the detection result of the gas in the soil can be displayed in time. The outer side of the soil moisture detecting device 6 is provided with a gas leakage-proof cover 901, and the gas leakage-proof cover 901 covers the side and the upper part of the containing box 602, so that waste caused by gas turbulence in the process of drying soil can be prevented. The top inner wall of the gas leakage-proof cover 901 is provided with an air supply mechanism 902, and the air supply mechanism 902 is positioned at the upper left of the containing box 602. The sectional shape of the housing 602 here is an inverted trapezoid, that is, the housing is entirely in the shape of a paddle boat, and the entire wind direction generated by the blowing mechanism 902 is parallel to the left wall of the housing 602, that is, the wind is blown obliquely right and downward, so that the gas in the housing 602 flows into the gas chromatograph 9 more easily, and the detection of the soil gas is facilitated.

The detection process of the upper-section soil gas and the volatile organic compounds comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 4, the air blowing mechanism 902 blows the gas generated in the soil heating and drying process from the gas leakage-proof cover 901 to the detection inlet of the gas chromatograph 9, then the gas and some volatile organic compounds in the soil can be detected, and the detection result is displayed on the gas component display screen 903, which is more beneficial for the expert to analyze and judge the soil quality. The soil moisture content detection and the soil gas detection are contained in one flow, so that the sample amount is saved, and the time and the labor amount are saved.

It should be noted here that when the moisture content of the soil is detected, it is preferable to control the heating temperature of the drying device 603 to be 105 ± 2 ℃ for the soil, because the boiling point of water is 100 ℃, at this time, most of the evaporated gas in the soil is water vapor, so that the result of the soil moisture detection is more accurate. When the soil gas component needs to be detected, the heating temperature of the soil can be increased, that is, the intensity of infrared radiation generated by the far infrared drying lamp 606 is increased, the temperature of the far infrared drying lamp 606 is controlled by the temperature controller, so that volatile organic compounds and gas in the soil can overflow the surface of the soil, and then the volatile organic compounds and gas are blown into the gas chromatograph 9 by the blowing mechanism 902, thereby completing the detection of the soil gas.

As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the soil ph detecting device 7 includes a reaction cylinder 701 located below one end of the soil conveyer 403, and the soil on the soil conveyer 403 leading to the soil ph detecting device 7 falls into the reaction cylinder 701 when reaching the end of the conveyer conveyance. The bottom side of the reaction cylinder 701 is connected with a water discharge pipe 704 for discharging the detected soil solution, so that the reaction cylinder 701 is ready for detecting the next batch of soil solution.

As shown in fig. 5, a water storage tank 703 fixed in the housing 1 is arranged above the reaction cylinder 701, and preferably, the water storage tank 703 is further divided into a plurality of water distribution tanks 7031 with equal volumes, two adjacent water distribution tanks 7031 are separated by a sealing water-stop plate 7032, and waterproof pipes 704 are installed on the bottom surfaces of the water distribution tanks 7031 on the left and right sides of all the water distribution tanks 7031. The whole water storage tank 703 inclines downwards to the right, so that water in the water diversion tank 7031 can flow out from the waterproof pipe 704, the bottom end of the sealing water-stop plate 7032 is provided with a liquid discharge valve 7033, and the liquid discharge valve 7033 controls the circulation and disconnection of water between two adjacent water diversion tanks 7031. Each water distribution box 7031 contains 20ml of distilled water, and all the liquid discharge valves 7033 are closed initially. The design of a plurality of water distribution boxes 7031 ensures that the waterproof quantity is more accurate, water does not need to be added into the water supply boxes frequently, and the detection preparation time is saved.

As shown in fig. 5, a water pipe 704 is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank 703, the bottom of the water pipe 704 extends into the reaction cylinder 701, distilled water is contained in the water storage tank 703 and used for dissolving soil to form a soil solution, and the distilled water in the water storage tank 703 flows into the reaction cylinder 701 from the water pipe 704 by gravity. A stirring device 706 is inserted into the reaction cylinder 701, and after the distilled water is mixed with the soil, the stirring device 706 accelerates the dissolution speed of the soil in the distilled water, so that the detection speed of the pH value of the soil is accelerated. The water pipe 704 and the water discharge pipe 704 are provided with electromagnetic valves 705 for controlling the outflow and storage of distilled water and soil solution.

As shown in fig. 5, the side of the reaction cylinder 701 is provided with a PH automatic detector 707, the PH automatic detector 707 includes a PH display screen 708 installed on the housing 1, the PH display screen 708 is connected with a PH probe 709, the bottom end of the PH probe is inserted into the reaction cylinder 701, the side of the PH probe is sealed with the side wall contact part of the reaction cylinder 701 by an O-shaped sealing ring, so that the soil solution in the reaction cylinder 701 cannot flow out, the PH probe 709 is also called as a PH sensor, and the principle of detecting PH is as follows: the hydrogen ion glass electrode and the reference electrode form a primary battery, and the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the solution is detected by measuring the potential difference between the electrodes in the process of ion exchange between the glass membrane and the hydrogen ions in the solution to be detected, so that the PH value of the liquid to be detected is detected. After the PH probe 709 detects the PH value of the soil solution, the PH value is transmitted to the PH display screen 708, so that the person can timely receive the PH value of the soil.

The detection steps of the upper soil pH value detection device 7 on the soil are as follows: as shown in fig. 5, after 20g of soil sample enters the reaction cylinder 701, the electromagnetic valve 705 on the water pipe 704 is opened, then the water in the water diversion box 7031 at the rightmost end of the water storage tank 703 enters the reaction cylinder 701, so that the water in one water diversion box 7031 is drained, at this time, 20ml of distilled water and 20g of soil sample are mixed in the reaction cylinder 701, the mixture of distilled water and soil is stirred by the stirring device 706, after the soil is dissolved, the PH of the soil solution is automatically detected by the PH probe 709, and the value on the PH display screen 708 is read, so that the PH value of the soil can be detected. After the soil pH value test is finished, opening the electromagnetic valve 705 of the water discharge pipe 704 to discharge the soil solution, and then opening the drain valve 7033 at the rightmost end to completely discharge the water in the second water distribution box 7031 at the right side, so that the reaction cylinder 701 is washed, and the pH value detection of the next batch of soil is facilitated; when the pH value of the soil of the next batch is detected, fixed 20ml of distilled water can be accurately added into the reaction cylinder 701 by opening the liquid discharge valve 7033 from right to left every time, so that the capacity control is more accurate, and the detection result is more reliable.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (2)

1. A multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection comprises a shell (1), wherein a soil sample feeding hopper (2) is installed at the top of the shell (1), a soil grinding device (3) is arranged under the soil sample feeding hopper (2), and a soil shunting device (4) is arranged under the soil grinding device (3); the method is characterized in that: the soil shunting device (4) comprises a rectangular main pipe (401) and three rectangular branch pipes (402) arranged at the bottom end of the rectangular main pipe (401), soil conveying belts (403) are arranged at the bottom ends of the three rectangular branch pipes (402), an air drying mechanism (8) and a soil component detection device (5) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of one soil conveying belt (403), a soil moisture detection device (6) and a soil pH value detection device (7) are respectively arranged below the other two soil conveying belts (403), and the soil component detection device (5), the soil moisture detection device (6) and the soil pH value detection device (7) are respectively positioned in three independent spaces at the bottom in the shell (1); the soil component detection device (5) comprises a near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter (501), and a detection feed hopper (502) positioned below one end of a soil conveying belt (403) is arranged at the top of the near-infrared soil nutrient tachymeter (501); the soil grinding device (3) comprises two rolling wheels (302) which are arranged in a shell (1) through a rotating shaft (301), the two rolling wheels (302) are opposite in rotation direction and parallel to each other, the rectangular main pipe (401) is located right below a gap between the two rolling wheels (302), and a screen (404) is arranged at the top end of the rectangular main pipe (401); protection plates (405) are mounted on two sides of the soil conveying belt (403); the air drying mechanism (8) comprises a horizontal plate (801) which is fixedly installed in the shell (1) and located above the soil conveying belt (403), a plurality of motors (802) are installed on the horizontal plate (801), the motors (802) penetrate through the horizontal plate through motor shafts (803) and are connected with fan blades (804), and heating nets (805) installed at the bottoms of the horizontal plate (801) are arranged below the fan blades (804); the soil moisture detection device (6) is provided with a gas chromatograph (9) arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1) at the upper right side, a gas leakage-proof cover (901) is arranged on the outer side of the soil moisture detection device (6), the soil moisture detection device (6) comprises a weighing device (601) positioned below one end of a soil conveying belt (403), the top of the weighing device (601) supports a containing box (602), a drying device (603) is arranged at the top of the containing box (602), an air supply mechanism (902) is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the leakage-proof cover (901), and the air supply mechanism (902) is positioned above the left side of the containing box (602); the drying device (603) comprises a fixing plate (605) suspended in the shell (1) through a vertical fixing rod (604), and a far infrared drying lamp (606) is mounted at the bottom of the fixing plate (605); a conical light reflecting lampshade (607) arranged at the bottom of the fixing plate (605) is arranged at the outer side of the far infrared drying lamp (606), and a plurality of protective wires (608) are arranged at the bottom of the conical light reflecting lampshade (607); the soil pH value detection device (7) comprises a reaction cylinder (701) positioned below one end of a soil conveying belt (403), a water drain pipe (702) is connected to the bottom side of the reaction cylinder (701), a water storage tank (703) fixed in a shell (1) is arranged above the reaction cylinder (701), a water pipe (704) is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank (703), the bottom of the water pipe (704) extends into the reaction cylinder (701), and electromagnetic valves (705) are installed on the water pipe (704) and the water drain pipe (702).

2. The multifunctional rapid detection device for environmental soil detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: stirring devices (706) are inserted into the reaction cylinder (701), and rollers (101) are installed at the bottom of the shell (1).

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