CN108956220B - Portable soil field detection device and treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Portable soil field detection device and treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108956220B CN108956220B CN201810311528.9A CN201810311528A CN108956220B CN 108956220 B CN108956220 B CN 108956220B CN 201810311528 A CN201810311528 A CN 201810311528A CN 108956220 B CN108956220 B CN 108956220B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a portable soil field detection device and a treatment method thereof. The detection device comprises a detection cylinder, a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle, a fourth baffle and a fifth baffle which are sequentially arranged in the detection cylinder from top to bottom and respectively matched with the detection cylinder in a drawing manner, and a cover plate and a bottom plate which are respectively arranged at openings at the upper end and the lower end of the detection cylinder. The detection cylinder comprises a soil crushing chamber, a soil water content detection chamber, a weighing chamber, a stirring and leaching chamber, a filtering chamber and a detection chamber, wherein the soil crushing chamber is used for soil crushing, the soil water content detection chamber is used for soil water content measurement, the weighing chamber is used for soil weighing, the stirring and leaching chamber is used for soil leaching, the filtering chamber is used for soil leaching liquid fine filtration, and the detection chamber is used for soil leaching liquid detection. The soil detection device is suitable for being carried to the field by a single person for soil detection, and has the characteristics of light movement, no need of additional alternating current power supply, simple operation, easy use and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil field detection, in particular to a portable soil field detection device and a processing method thereof.
Background
Soil environment monitoring is an important component of environmental protection monitoring, and soil detection work always receives wide attention due to the characteristics of special complexity, diversity and the like of soil. The change index of rich and short nutrients in soil has important significance for agricultural and farmer production, application of fertilizer dosage and the like. Soil pollution directly affects the sustainable development of soil ecosystem, and causes irreversible threat to environmental system and function, more importantly harms ecological safety and people's health and beautiful life.
General soil monitoring includes technical contents such as design of sampling point distribution, point distribution sampling, sample pretreatment, detection and analysis methods, result analysis, data statistics, result evaluation and the like. Soil is formed and evolved for a long time due to the comprehensive action of a plurality of soil forming factors, so that the soil is complex in composition and generally consists of mineral substances, animal and plant decay and digestion to generate organic matters, water, gas and other components. China has abundant soil resources, complex geographical environment and various types, and soil contains different nutrient elements and different pollution degrees due to natural environments such as climate and environment and artificial factors such as industrialization process in various places, and the processes of collecting, preprocessing, analyzing, detecting and the like of soil samples need to be carried out according to local actual conditions. In each season, particularly in the crop seed application process, rapid soil collection, pretreatment and other sample collection are urgently needed, and detection and analysis can be rapidly carried out to obtain results to guide production.
The existing soil monitoring has the problems that the work of sample collection, pretreatment, detection, analysis and the like is disjointed, the collection time of general soil samples is longer, secondary cross contamination and the like are easily caused by the collection and storage of the samples, the detection period is longer, the cost is higher and the like. Therefore, aiming at the actual soil detection requirement, the soil field portable detection device and the treatment method thereof which are time-saving, efficient, convenient to move, convenient to carry by a single person, free of additional alternating current power supply, simple to operate and easy to use are urgently needed to be researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a portable soil field detection device and a treatment method thereof, which are suitable for being carried to the field by a single person for soil detection and have the characteristics of light movement, no need of additional alternating current power supply, simple and easy operation and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a portable soil field detection device comprises a detection cylinder, a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle, a fourth baffle and a fifth baffle which are sequentially arranged in the detection cylinder from top to bottom and are respectively matched with the detection cylinder in a drawing way, and a cover plate and a bottom plate which are respectively arranged at openings at the upper end and the lower end of the detection cylinder; detect a section of thick bamboo and include from last to down set gradually be used for the kibbling soil of soil crushing room, be used for soil moisture content volume measuring soil moisture content to detect the room, be used for the room of weighing that soil was weighed, be used for the stirring leaching room of soil leaching, be used for the soil leaching solution to become more meticulous filterable filter chamber and be used for the detection room that soil leaching solution detected.
Specifically, the soil pulverizing chamber for soil pulverization includes a soil pulverizing mechanism; soil rubbing crusher constructs including installing the shaft coupling on the apron, through the handle that first connecting rod and shaft coupling upper end link to each other, the pivot that links to each other with the shaft coupling lower extreme and install the epaxial broken blade of commentaries on classics.
A soil water content detection room for soil water content volume measurement is including setting up the screen cloth in first baffle below, installing the moisture detector on detecting a section of thick bamboo outer wall and the sensor probe who installs in detecting a section of thick bamboo that links to each other with the moisture detector.
The weighing chamber for weighing the soil comprises a weight sensing platform arranged below the second baffle and a weighing device which is arranged on the outer wall of the detection barrel and is connected with the weight sensing platform.
The stirring and leaching chamber for soil leaching comprises a soil stirring mechanism, a first liquid adding port and a first discharge port, wherein the first liquid adding port and the first discharge port are sequentially arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder from top to bottom and are communicated with the interior of the detection cylinder; soil rabbling mechanism includes stirring vane, the direction pivot that one end and stirring vane lower extreme link to each other and the rocking handle that links to each other through the other end of second connecting rod with the direction pivot.
And the filtering chamber for finely filtering the soil leaching liquor comprises a coarse filtering screen arranged below the fourth baffle plate, and a vent hole and a second discharge port which are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the detection barrel and communicated with the interior of the detection barrel.
The detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor comprises a fine filter screen arranged below the fifth baffle, a sensor arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder, a sensor probe arranged in the detection cylinder and connected with the sensor, and a second liquid adding opening and a third discharge opening which are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder and communicated with the interior of the detection cylinder.
Furthermore, the crushing blades comprise N first crushing blades and N second crushing blades which are uniformly and crossly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the first crushing blades and the second crushing blades are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the vertical distance between the first crushing blade and the cover plate, the vertical distance between the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade, and the vertical distance between the second crushing blade and the first baffle plate are equal; the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade are identical in structure and respectively comprise a plurality of V-shaped blades which are sequentially connected, and the bottom angle of each V-shaped blade is 30-60 degrees; the crushing blade is a knife edge made of metal or high polymer materials.
Further, sealing rubber rings are respectively adopted between the cover plate and the wall of the detection barrel, between the five baffle plates and the wall of the detection barrel, between the sensor probe and the wall of the detection barrel, between the weight sensing platform and the wall of the detection barrel, between the second connecting rod and the wall of the detection barrel, and between the sensor probe and the wall of the detection barrel for sealing.
Furthermore, the surfaces of the detection cylinder, the cover plate, the five baffle plates, the bottom plate and the weight sensing platform are all made of high polymer materials.
Furthermore, the screen, the coarse filter screen and the fine filter screen are all made of metal or high polymer nylon materials; the vertical distance between the screen and the first baffle, the vertical distance between the coarse screen and the fourth baffle, and the vertical distance between the fine screen and the fifth baffle are all 5-10 cm; the aperture of the screen is 100-800 meshes; the aperture of the coarse filter screen is 300-1000 meshes; the aperture of the fine filter screen is 1200-2000 meshes.
Further, the sensor probe comprises three metal probes with equal length and uniformly distributed; the length of the metal probe is 20-40 cm; the vertical distance between adjacent metal probes is 5-12 cm.
Furthermore, the moisture detector, the weighing device and the sensor all comprise self-powered energy storage devices, and the self-powered energy storage devices are powered by lithium batteries or solar energy; the moisture detector, the weighing device and the sensor all comprise wireless modules, and have the transmission capabilities of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and 2G/3G/4G data. The moisture detector, the weighing device and the sensor have the capabilities of data detection, processing, emission and the like.
Further, the liquid adding port is positioned at the 1/3-1/5 height of the stirring leaching chamber for soil leaching, and a switch cover is arranged on the liquid adding port; the first discharge port is located on the side wall of the detection cylinder at the bottom of the stirring leaching chamber for leaching soil, and a switch faucet is arranged on the first discharge port.
Further, the vent hole is positioned at the height of 1/3-1/5 of a filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor, and a one-way conduction valve switch is arranged on the vent hole; the second discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the detection cylinder at the bottom of the filtering chamber for finely filtering the soil leaching liquor, and a switch tap is arranged on the second discharge port.
Further, the second liquid adding opening is located at the 1/3-1/5 height of the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and a switch cover is arranged on the second liquid adding opening; the third discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the detection cylinder at the bottom of the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and a switch tap is arranged on the third discharge port.
Furthermore, a weight sensor is arranged in the weight sensing platform; the weight sensing platform is matched with the wall of the detection barrel in a drawing manner; the weight sensing platform and the weighing device are connected together through metal contact buckles.
Furthermore, the sensor probe is located 5-10 cm above the bottom plate, and the sensor probe and the sensor are connected through a shielding signal line.
The invention also relates to a processing method of the portable soil field detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) obtaining a soil sample at a soil field sampling point, opening the cover plate, putting the soil sample into a soil crushing chamber for crushing soil, and closing the cover plate. The first connecting rod and the handle can be detached and stored when not in use, and the rotating shaft is directly assembled on the coupler when in use.
(2) According to actual soil sample physical properties and relevant national standards, the rotating shaft is driven by the manual rotating handle through the coupler, so that the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade are fully contacted with the soil sample and then crush the soil sample.
(3) After the soil sample is smashed and finishes, take first baffle out from one side of detecting a section of thick bamboo, drive first broken blade and the broken blade of second through rotating the pivot, make the soil sample after smashing fall the screen cloth, the soil that accords with screen cloth aperture passes and falls to the soil water content that is used for soil moisture content to measure and detects the room behind the screen cloth, as the soil that awaits measuring, opens the apron simultaneously and takes out the remaining soil in screen cloth top.
(4) And (3) covering all the sensor probes by the soil falling into a soil water content detection chamber for measuring the water content of the soil, starting a water content detector switch, selecting the water temperature for measurement, starting a detection key, and waiting for 1-5min to obtain the final stable unchanged value of the water content detector, namely the water content and the temperature of the soil to be measured.
(5) And (4) after the step (4) is finished, drawing the second baffle out of one side of the detection cylinder, enabling the soil to be detected in the soil water content detection chamber for soil water content measurement to fall into the weighing chamber for soil weighing, drawing the third baffle out of one side of the detection cylinder, enabling the soil to be detected to fall onto the weight sensing platform, starting a switch of the weighing device, and after the soil is stabilized for 0.5-1min, obtaining the weight of the soil to be detected when the numerical value displayed by the weight sensing platform is stabilized.
(6) And (5) after the step (5) is finished, the weight sensing platform is drawn out from one side of the detection cylinder, the soil on the weight sensing platform is made to fall into a stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction, then corresponding extraction liquid is added into the stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction from the first liquid adding port according to the detection requirement and the national standard, then the rocking handle is rotated to drive the second connecting rod and the direction rotating shaft to move, and further the stirring blade is driven to fully stir and mix the soil to be detected and the extraction liquid, so that the soil extraction liquid is obtained. The second connecting rod, the direction rotating shaft and the stirring blade are all made of corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant materials.
(7) After the step (6) is finished, the fourth baffle plate is drawn out from one side of the detection cylinder, soil leaching liquor in the stirring leaching chamber for soil leaching falls onto a coarse filter screen for filtering, the soil leaching liquor meeting the aperture of the coarse filter screen passes through the coarse filter screen and then enters a filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor to obtain filtrate, then the third baffle plate and the fourth baffle plate are pushed back into the detection cylinder from one side of the detection cylinder, and residual soil leaching liquor in the stirring leaching chamber for soil leaching is sucked and discharged through a first discharge port; and adding cleaning liquid into the stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction from the second liquid adding port, repeatedly washing the stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction for multiple times, and sucking and discharging the washed waste liquid through the first discharge port.
(8) And (7) after the step (7) is finished, pumping out the fifth baffle plate from one side of the detection cylinder, filtering the filtrate in the filtering chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor into the detection chamber for detection of the soil leaching liquor through a fine filtering net, ventilating and pressurizing the filtering chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor through a vent hole by using a manual pressure pump, continuously ventilating for 1-5min, accelerating the speed of filtering the filtrate into the detection chamber for detection of the soil leaching liquor through the fine filtering net, simultaneously sucking and discharging the residual filtrate in the filtering chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor through a third discharge port, and pushing the fifth baffle plate back into the detection cylinder after the filtration is finished.
(9) And immersing the sensor probe by the filtrate entering the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and starting a sensor switch to obtain a measured value required by the soil leaching liquor to be detected after the numerical value of the sensor is stable. The sensor probe and the sensor type can be changed as required.
(10) And (5) after the step (9) is finished, discharging the soil leaching liquor in the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor through a second discharge port, bottling, collecting and marking to finish soil sample detection.
According to the technical scheme, the soil detection device is suitable for being carried to the field by a single person for soil detection, and has the characteristics of light movement, no need of additional alternating current power supply, simplicity in operation, easiness in use and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable soil field detection device in the invention.
Wherein:
1. a handle, 2, a first connecting rod, 3, a coupler, 4, a rotating shaft, 5, a cover plate, 6, a first crushing blade, 7, a second crushing blade, 8, a first baffle, 9, a screen, 10, a soil crushing chamber for soil crushing, 11, a sensor probe, 12, a moisture detector, 13, a second baffle, 14, a soil moisture content detection chamber for soil moisture content measurement, 15, a third baffle, 16, a weight sensing platform, 17, a weigher, 18, a weighing chamber for soil weighing, 19, a stirring blade, 20, a rotating shaft, 21, a second connecting rod, 22, a rocking handle, 23, a direction rotating shaft, 24, a first liquid filling opening, 25, a first discharge opening, 26, a rough filter screen, 27, a stirring and leaching chamber for soil leaching, 28, a fourth baffle, 29, an air vent, 30, a fifth baffle, 31, a filter chamber for soil leaching liquor fine filtration, 32. the device comprises a fine filter screen 33, a sensor probe 34, a sensor 35, a detection chamber for detecting soil leaching liquor 36, a second discharge port 37, a bottom plate 38, a detection cylinder 39, a third discharge port 40 and a second filling port.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the portable soil field detection device shown in fig. 1 comprises a detection barrel 38, a first baffle 8, a second baffle 13, a third baffle 15, a fourth baffle 28 and a fifth baffle 30 which are sequentially arranged in the detection barrel 38 from top to bottom and respectively matched with the detection barrel 38 in a drawing way, and a cover plate 5 and a bottom plate 37 which are respectively arranged at openings at the upper end and the lower end of the detection barrel 38. The detection cylinder 38 comprises a soil crushing chamber 10 for soil crushing, a soil water content detection chamber 14 for soil water content measurement, a weighing chamber 18 for soil weighing, a stirring and leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching, a filtering chamber 31 for soil leaching liquor fine filtration and a detection chamber 35 for soil leaching liquor detection, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The soil crushing chamber 10 for soil crushing and the soil water content detection chamber 14 for soil water content detection are separated by a first baffle plate 8 and a screen 9. The soil water content detection chamber 14 for soil water content detection and the weighing chamber 18 for soil weighing are separated by a second baffle 13. The weighing chamber 18 for soil weighing and the agitation leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching are separated by a third baffle plate 15 and a weight sensing platform 16. The stirring leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching and the filtering chamber 31 for soil leaching liquor fine filtration are separated by a fourth baffle 28. The filtering chamber 31 for finely filtering the soil leaching liquor and the detection chamber 35 for detecting the soil leaching liquor are separated by a fifth baffle 30.
Further, the soil pulverizing chamber 10 for soil pulverization includes a soil pulverizing mechanism; soil crushing mechanism is including installing shaft coupling 3 on apron 5, through handle 1 that head rod 2 and 3 upper ends of shaft coupling link to each other, the pivot 4 that links to each other with 3 lower extremes of shaft coupling and install the broken blade on pivot 4. Specifically, the crushing blades include N first crushing blades 6 and N second crushing blades 7 which are uniformly arranged in a crossed manner along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 4, and the first crushing blades 6 and the second crushing blades 7 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 4. The vertical distance between the first crushing blade 6 and the cover plate 5, the vertical distance between the first crushing blade 6 and the second crushing blade 7, and the vertical distance between the second crushing blade 7 and the first baffle plate are equal. First broken blade 6 is the same with broken blade 7 of second structure, all includes a plurality of consecutive V type blades, and the base angle a of V type blade is 30 ~ 60. The crushing blade is a knife edge made of metal or high polymer materials. Wherein N is a positive integer greater than 0. N first crushing blades 6 and N second crushing blades 7 are uniformly arranged in a crossed manner along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 4, that is, on a projection plane perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating shaft, the first crushing blades and the second crushing blades are arranged in a crossed manner, and included angles between the adjacent first crushing blades and the adjacent second crushing blades are equal. Preferably, N in the present embodiment is 2. The angle between the two first crushing blades and the angle between the two second crushing blades are both 180 degrees. On a projection plane perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating shaft, an included angle between the adjacent first crushing blade and the second crushing blade is 90 degrees.
Further, the soil water content measuring chamber 14 for measuring the water content of the soil includes a screen 9 disposed below the first barrier 8, a water content measuring instrument 12 installed on an outer wall of the measuring cylinder 38, and a sensor probe 11 connected to the water content measuring instrument 12 and installed in the measuring cylinder 38. The sensor probe 11 comprises three metal probes with equal length and uniformly distributed. The length of the metal probe is 20-40 cm; the vertical distance between adjacent metal probes is 5-12 cm. The aperture of the screen 9 includes but is not limited to 100-800 meshes.
Further, the weighing chamber 18 for weighing the soil includes a weight sensing platform 16 disposed below the second shutter 13 and a weigher 17 mounted on an outer wall of the detection cylinder 38 and connected to the weight sensing platform 16. A weight sensor is arranged in the weight sensing platform 16; the weight sensing platform 16 is matched with the wall of the detection barrel 38 in a drawing way; the weight sensing platform 16 and the weighing device 17 are connected together through metal contacts in a snap-fit mode. The drawing matching in the invention means that the detection cylinder is provided with a drawing opening, and the baffle and the weight sensing platform can be drawn out from the drawing opening, so that the baffle and the weight sensing platform can be drawn out from the inside of the detection cylinder to the outside of the detection cylinder, and can also be pushed back from the drawing opening, and the baffle and the weight sensing platform can be returned back to the inside of the detection cylinder from the outside of the detection cylinder.
Further, the agitation leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching includes a soil agitation mechanism, and a first filling opening 24 and a first discharge opening 25 which are sequentially arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder 38 from top to bottom and communicated with the interior of the detection cylinder 38. The soil stirring mechanism comprises a stirring blade 19, a direction rotating shaft 23 with one end connected with the lower end of the stirring blade 19 and a rocking handle 22 connected with the other end of the direction rotating shaft 23 through a second connecting rod 21. The first liquid adding port 24 is located at the 1/3-1/5 height of the stirring leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching, and a switch cover is arranged on the first liquid adding port 24. The first discharge port 25 is located on the side wall of the detection cylinder 38 at the bottom of the agitation leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching. The first discharge port 25 is provided with a switch tap.
Further, the filtering chamber 31 for fine filtration of soil leaching liquor comprises a coarse filtering screen 26 disposed below the fourth baffle 28, and a vent hole 29 and a second discharge port 36 respectively disposed on the outer wall of the detecting cylinder 38 and communicated with the inside of the detecting cylinder 38. The vent hole 29 is located at the 1/3-1/5 height of the filtering chamber 31 for fine filtration of soil leaching liquor, and a one-way conduction valve switch is arranged on the vent hole 29. The second outlet 36 is located on the side wall of the detection cylinder 38 at the bottom of the filtering chamber 31 for fine filtration of soil leaching liquor, and the second outlet 36 is provided with a switch tap. The aperture of the coarse filter 26 includes but is not limited to 300-1000 meshes.
Further, the detection chamber 35 for detecting the soil leaching liquor comprises a fine filter screen 32 arranged below the fifth baffle 30, a sensor 34 arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder 38, a sensor probe 33 arranged in the detection cylinder 38 and connected with the sensor 38, and a second filling opening 40 and a third discharge opening 39 respectively arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder 38 and communicated with the inside of the detection cylinder 38. The second filling opening 40 is located at the 1/3-1/5 height of the detection chamber 35 for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and a switch cover is arranged on the second filling opening 40. The third outlet 39 is located on the side wall of the detection cylinder 38 at the bottom of the detection chamber 35 for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and a switch tap is arranged on the third outlet 39. The sensor probe 33 is located 5-10 cm above the bottom plate 37, and the sensor probe 33 and the sensor 34 are connected through a shielding signal line. The pore size of the fine filter 32 includes, but is not limited to, 1200-2000 mesh.
Further, sealing rubber rings are respectively adopted between the cover plate 5 and the wall of the detection barrel 38, between the five baffles and the wall of the detection barrel 38, between the sensor probe 11 and the wall of the detection barrel 38, between the weight sensing platform 16 and the wall of the detection barrel 38, between the second connecting rod 21 and the wall of the detection barrel 38, and between the sensor probe 33 and the wall of the detection barrel 38 for sealing.
Further, the surfaces of the detection cylinder 38, the cover plate 5, the five baffle plates, the bottom plate 37 and the weight sensing platform 16 are all made of polymer materials.
Furthermore, the screen 9, the coarse screen 26 and the fine screen 32 are made of metal or polymer nylon materials. The vertical distance between the screen 9 and the first baffle 8, the vertical distance between the coarse screen 26 and the fourth baffle 28, and the vertical distance between the fine screen 32 and the fifth baffle 30 are all 5-10 cm.
Further, the moisture detector 12, the weighing device 17 and the sensor 34 each include a self-powered energy storage device, and the self-powered energy storage device is powered by lithium batteries or solar energy. The moisture detector 12, the weighing device 17 and the sensor 34 all comprise wireless modules, and have transmission capabilities of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and 2G/3G/4G data. The moisture detector 12, the weigher 17 and the sensor 34 all have data detection, processing, transmission and other capabilities.
The invention also relates to a processing method of the portable soil field detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a soil sample is taken at a soil on-site sampling point, the cover plate 5 is opened, the soil sample is placed in the soil crushing chamber 10 for soil crushing, and the cover plate 5 is closed. The first connecting rod 2 and the handle 1 can be detached and stored when not in use, and are directly assembled on the coupling 3 to rotate the rotating shaft 4 when in use.
(2) According to actual soil sample physical properties and relevant national standards, the rotating shaft 4 is driven by manually rotating the handle 1 through the coupler 3, so that the first crushing blade 6 and the second crushing blade 7 are fully contacted with the soil sample and then crush the soil sample.
(3) After the soil sample is smashed and finishes, take out first baffle 8 from one side of detecting a section of thick bamboo 38, drive first broken blade 6 and second broken blade 7 through rotating shaft 4, make the soil sample after smashing fall screen cloth 9, the soil that accords with screen cloth 9 aperture falls to being used for soil moisture content volume measuring soil moisture content to detect the room after passing screen cloth 9, as the soil that awaits measuring, opens apron 5 simultaneously and takes out the remaining soil in screen cloth 9 top. After the above operation in step (3) is completed, the first shutter 8 is pushed back into the detection cylinder 38.
(4) The soil falling into the soil water content detection chamber 14 for measuring the water content of the soil covers the sensor probe 11 completely, the switch of the water content detector 12 is started, the water temperature is selected for measurement, the detection key is started, and after 1-5min, the final stable constant value of the water content detector 12 is the water content and the temperature of the soil to be measured.
(5) After the step (4) is finished, the second baffle 13 is pulled out from one side of the detection cylinder 38, the soil to be detected in the soil water content detection chamber 14 for soil water content measurement falls into the weighing chamber 18 for soil weighing, then the third baffle 15 is pulled out from one side of the detection cylinder 38, the soil to be detected falls onto the weight sensing platform 16, the switch of the weighing device 17 is turned on, and after the soil is stabilized for 0.5-1min, the value displayed by the weight sensing platform 16 is stabilized, namely the weight of the soil to be detected. After the above operation in step (5) is completed, the second shutter 13 is pushed back into the detection cylinder 38.
(6) After the step (5) is completed, the weight sensing platform 16 is drawn out from one side of the detection cylinder 38, so that the soil on the weight sensing platform 16 falls into the stirring extraction chamber 27 for soil extraction, then corresponding extraction liquid is added into the stirring extraction chamber 27 for soil extraction from the first liquid adding port 24 according to the detection requirement and the national standard, then the rocking handle 22 is rotated to drive the second connecting rod 21 and the direction rotating shaft 23 to move, and further the stirring blade 19 is driven to fully stir and mix the soil to be detected and the extraction liquid, so that the soil extraction liquid is obtained. The second connecting rod 21, the direction rotating shaft 23 and the stirring blade 19 are all made of corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant materials.
(7) After the step (6) is completed, the fourth baffle 28 is drawn out from one side of the detection cylinder 38, the soil leaching liquor in the stirring leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching falls onto the coarse filter screen 26 for filtration, the soil leaching liquor meeting the aperture of the coarse filter screen 26 passes through the coarse filter screen 26 and then enters the filter chamber 31 for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor, so as to obtain filtrate, then the third baffle 15 and the fourth baffle 28 are pushed back into the detection cylinder 38 from one side of the detection cylinder 38, and the residual soil leaching liquor in the stirring leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching is sucked and discharged through the first discharge port 25; cleaning liquid is added into the agitation leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching from the second liquid adding port 40, the agitation leaching chamber 27 for soil leaching is repeatedly rinsed a plurality of times, and the waste liquid after rinsing is sucked and discharged through the first discharge port 25.
(8) After the step (7) is completed, the fifth baffle 30 is pumped out from one side of the detection cylinder 38, the filtrate in the filtering chamber 31 for the fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor is filtered into the detection chamber 35 for the detection of the soil leaching liquor through the fine filtering net 32, a manual pressure pump is used for ventilating and pressurizing the filtering chamber 31 for the fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor through the vent hole 29, the ventilation is continued for 1-5min, the speed of filtering the filtrate into the detection chamber 35 for the detection of the soil leaching liquor through the fine filtering net is increased, meanwhile, the residual filtrate in the filtering chamber 31 for the fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor is sucked and discharged through the third discharge port 39, and after the filtration is completed, the fifth baffle 30 is pushed back into the detection cylinder 38.
(9) And immersing the sensor probe 33 by the filtrate entering the detection chamber 35 for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and starting a switch of the sensor 34 to obtain a measured value required by the soil leaching liquor to be detected after the numerical value of the sensor 34 is stable. The sensor probe 33 and sensor 34 types may be replaced as desired.
(10) And (4) after the step (9) is finished, discharging the soil leaching liquor in the detection chamber 35 for detecting the soil leaching liquor through a second discharge port 36, bottling, collecting and marking to finish soil sample detection.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
according to the invention, the crushing blades are made of metal or high polymer materials, the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade are designed to form a V-shaped included angle of 30-60 degrees, and the crushing blades can be used for treating soil with a large humidity range in the actual soil sample crushing process, so that the soil can be crushed, the soil can not be adhered to the blades, and the actual sample treatment in the field is facilitated. The quantity and length of the sensor probes and the metal material adopted by the invention are all related to the water content detection model, and the three fixed metal probes and the design of equal spacing are more favorable for testing the water content of the soil change covered between the probes with the maximized sensitivity between the transmitting signal sensor and the receiving signal sensor. The design of the filtering chamber for finely filtering the soil leaching liquor is based on the practical situation of filtering the soil leaching liquor, the time is consumed, and incomplete filtering is a common problem of the soil leaching liquor. The design of the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor is to be compatible with most soil leaching liquor detection instruments using a detection probe or a probe as a detection tool, such as pH value measurement, conductivity measurement and the like, which need to be fully contacted with detection liquid and need to continuously clean the detection probe. The design of the five baffles is designed to meet the requirements that each detection chamber and the detection process need to be isolated from each other, but the soil sample in each step needs to be detected layer by layer, so that the structure capable of being drawn and sealed is designed, the problem that the samples cannot be polluted by each other is well solved, and each layer can be independently used or used in a combined manner, so that the application range of the invention is wider.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a portable detection device of soil scene which characterized in that: the device comprises a detection cylinder, a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle, a fourth baffle and a fifth baffle which are arranged in the detection cylinder from top to bottom in sequence and are respectively matched with the detection cylinder in a drawing way, and a cover plate and a bottom plate which are respectively arranged at openings at the upper end and the lower end of the detection cylinder; the detection cylinder comprises a soil crushing chamber for soil crushing, a soil water content detection chamber for soil water content measurement, a weighing chamber for soil weighing, a stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction, a filtering chamber for soil extract fine filtration and a detection chamber for soil extract detection which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the soil crushing chamber for crushing soil comprises a soil crushing mechanism; the soil crushing mechanism comprises a coupler arranged on the cover plate, a handle connected with the upper end of the coupler through a first connecting rod, a rotating shaft connected with the lower end of the coupler and crushing blades arranged on the rotating shaft;
the soil water content detection chamber for measuring the soil water content comprises a screen arranged below the first baffle, a water content detector arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder and a sensor probe connected with the water content detector and arranged in the detection cylinder;
the weighing chamber for weighing the soil comprises a weight sensing platform arranged below the second baffle and a weighing device which is arranged on the outer wall of the detection barrel and is connected with the weight sensing platform;
the stirring and leaching chamber for soil leaching comprises a soil stirring mechanism, a first liquid adding port and a first discharge port, wherein the first liquid adding port and the first discharge port are sequentially arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder from top to bottom and are communicated with the interior of the detection cylinder; the soil stirring mechanism comprises a stirring blade, a direction rotating shaft and a rocking handle, wherein one end of the direction rotating shaft is connected with the lower end of the stirring blade, and the rocking handle is connected with the other end of the direction rotating shaft through a second connecting rod;
the filtering chamber for finely filtering the soil leaching liquor comprises a coarse filtering screen arranged below the fourth baffle plate, and a vent hole and a second discharge port which are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder and communicated with the interior of the detection cylinder;
the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor comprises a fine filter screen arranged below the fifth baffle, a sensor arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder, a sensor probe arranged in the detection cylinder and connected with the sensor, and a second liquid adding opening and a third discharge opening which are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the detection cylinder and communicated with the interior of the detection cylinder.
2. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the crushing blades comprise N first crushing blades and N second crushing blades which are uniformly and crossly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the first crushing blades and the second crushing blades are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the vertical distance between the first crushing blade and the cover plate, the vertical distance between the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade, and the vertical distance between the second crushing blade and the first baffle plate are equal; the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade are identical in structure and respectively comprise a plurality of V-shaped blades which are sequentially connected, and the bottom angle of each V-shaped blade is 30-60 degrees; the crushing blade is a knife edge made of metal or high polymer materials.
3. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: sealing rubber rings are respectively adopted between the cover plate and the wall of the detection barrel, between the five baffle plates and the wall of the detection barrel, between the sensor probe and the wall of the detection barrel, between the weight sensing platform and the wall of the detection barrel, between the second connecting rod and the wall of the detection barrel, and between the sensor probe and the wall of the detection barrel for sealing.
4. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the surfaces of the detection cylinder, the cover plate, the five baffle plates, the bottom plate and the weight sensing platform are all made of high polymer materials.
5. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the screen mesh, the coarse filter screen and the fine filter screen are all made of metal or high polymer nylon materials; the vertical distance between the screen and the first baffle, the vertical distance between the coarse screen and the fourth baffle, and the vertical distance between the fine screen and the fifth baffle are all 5-10 cm; the aperture of the screen is 100-800 meshes; the aperture of the coarse filter screen is 300-1000 meshes; the aperture of the fine filter screen is 1200-2000 meshes.
6. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor probes comprise three metal probes which are uniformly distributed and have the same length; the length of the metal probe is 20-40 cm; the vertical distance between adjacent metal probes is 5-12 cm.
7. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the moisture detector, the weighing device and the sensor all comprise self-powered energy storage devices, and the self-powered energy storage devices are powered by lithium batteries or solar energy; the moisture detector, the weighing device and the sensor all comprise wireless modules.
8. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the first liquid adding port is positioned at the 1/3-1/5 height of the stirring leaching chamber for soil leaching, and a switch cover is arranged on the first liquid adding port; the first discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the detection cylinder at the bottom of the stirring and leaching chamber for soil leaching, and a switch tap is arranged on the first discharge port;
the vent hole is positioned at the height of 1/3-1/5 of a filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor, and a one-way conduction valve switch is arranged on the vent hole; the second discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the detection cylinder at the bottom of the filtering chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor, and a switch tap is arranged on the second discharge port;
the second liquid adding port is positioned at the 1/3-1/5 height of the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and a switch cover is arranged on the second liquid adding port; the third discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the detection cylinder at the bottom of the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor, and a switch tap is arranged on the third discharge port.
9. A portable soil field testing device according to claim 1, wherein: a weight sensor is arranged in the weight sensing platform; the weight sensing platform is matched with the wall of the detection barrel in a drawing manner; the weight sensing platform is connected with the weighing device through a metal contact buckle;
the sensor probe is located 5-10 cm above the bottom plate, and the sensor probe and the sensor are connected through a shielding signal line.
10. The method for processing the portable soil field detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a soil sample at a soil field sampling point, opening a cover plate, putting the soil sample into a soil crushing chamber for crushing soil, and closing the cover plate;
(2) according to the physical properties of an actual soil sample and relevant national standards, a manual rotating handle drives a rotating shaft through a coupler, so that a first crushing blade and a second crushing blade are fully contacted with the soil sample, and then the soil sample is crushed;
(3) after the soil sample is crushed, the first baffle is pulled out from one side of the detection cylinder, the rotating shaft is rotated to drive the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade, so that the crushed soil sample falls to the screen, the soil which meets the aperture of the screen passes through the screen and then falls into a soil water content detection chamber for measuring the water content of the soil, the soil is used as the soil to be detected, and meanwhile, the cover plate is opened to take out the residual soil above the screen;
(4) the soil falling into a soil water content detection chamber for measuring the water content of the soil covers all the probes of the sensor, a switch of a water content detector is started, water temperature measurement is selected, a detection key is started, and after 1-5min, the final stable constant value of the water content detector is taken as the water content and the temperature of the soil to be measured;
(5) after the step (4) is finished, the second baffle plate is pulled out from one side of the detection cylinder, the soil to be detected in the soil water content detection chamber for measuring the water content of the soil is dropped into the weighing chamber for weighing the soil, then the third baffle plate is pulled out from one side of the detection cylinder, the soil to be detected is dropped onto the weight sensing platform, a switch of the weighing device is started, and after the soil is stabilized for 0.5-1min, the value displayed by the weight sensing platform is stabilized to be the weight of the soil to be detected;
(6) after the step (5) is finished, the weight sensing platform is drawn out from one side of the detection cylinder, soil on the weight sensing platform is made to fall into a stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction, then corresponding extraction liquid is added into the stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction from a first liquid adding port according to detection requirements and national standards, then a rocking handle is rotated to drive a second connecting rod and a direction rotating shaft to move, and further a stirring blade is driven to fully stir and mix the soil to be detected and the extraction liquid, so that soil extraction liquid is obtained;
(7) after the step (6) is finished, the fourth baffle plate is drawn out from one side of the detection cylinder, soil leaching liquor in the stirring leaching chamber for soil leaching falls onto a coarse filter screen for filtering, the soil leaching liquor meeting the aperture of the coarse filter screen passes through the coarse filter screen and then enters a filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor to obtain filtrate, then the third baffle plate and the fourth baffle plate are pushed back into the detection cylinder from one side of the detection cylinder, and residual soil leaching liquor in the stirring leaching chamber for soil leaching is sucked and discharged through a first discharge port; adding cleaning fluid into the stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction from the second liquid adding port, repeatedly washing the stirring extraction chamber for soil extraction for multiple times, and sucking and discharging the washed waste liquid through the first discharge port;
(8) after the step (7) is finished, the fifth baffle plate is pumped out from one side of the detection cylinder, filtrate in a filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor is filtered into a detection chamber for detection of the soil leaching liquor through a fine filter screen, a manual pressure pump is used for ventilating and pressurizing the filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor through a vent hole, ventilation is continuously carried out for 1-5min, the speed of filtering the filtrate into the detection chamber for detection of the soil leaching liquor through the fine filter screen is increased, and meanwhile, residual filtrate in the filter chamber for fine filtration of the soil leaching liquor is sucked and discharged through a third discharge port; after filtering, pushing the fifth baffle back into the detection cylinder;
(9) immersing a sensor probe in filtrate entering a detection chamber for detecting soil leaching liquor, and starting a sensor switch to obtain a measured value required by the soil leaching liquor to be detected after the numerical value of the sensor is stable;
(10) and (5) after the step (9) is finished, discharging the soil leaching liquor in the detection chamber for detecting the soil leaching liquor through a second discharge port, bottling, collecting and marking to finish soil sample detection.
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| CN109738259B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2024-04-12 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Environment monitoring sample processing equipment and processing method thereof |
| CN110987921B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-05-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | Portable device and method for rapidly and qualitatively determining heavy metal ions in soil |
| CN111505244B (en) * | 2020-05-01 | 2022-04-29 | 杜大庆 | Soil detection case for environmental protection |
| CN111707807A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-25 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Rapid detection device and detection method for soil water-soluble salt |
| CN111948007B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2023-04-07 | 中国环境监测总站 | Method for measuring various metal elements in soil |
| CN114097549B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-10-04 | 衡水学院 | Efficient utilization production method of evaporation-reducing salt-inhibiting straw in wheat field of saline-alkali double cropping area |
| CN114264528B (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2023-10-20 | 湖北省地质局第一地质大队 | Resin treatment cylinder for detecting available phosphorus in soil and sample liquid preparation device |
| WO2023240930A1 (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-21 | 中科合肥智慧农业协同创新研究院 | Soil nutrient field test device, test method thereof, and micro-fluidic chip |
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