CN108179013B - Saline-alkali soil biological improver and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil biological improver and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil biological improver and a preparation method thereof, wherein the saline-alkali soil biological improver is prepared by uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of a substrate, 120 parts by weight of a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 180-fold, 120 parts by weight of a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 280-fold, 0.05-0.2 part by weight of humic acid, and × 10 parts by weight of the bacteria content of the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1-2 parts by weight of (0.5-1.5 parts by weight of) 8910 parts by weight of8CFU/ml. The conditioner provided by the invention is used for improving the salinized soil, can effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, enhance the biological activity of the soil, release the fertility of the soil, is environment-friendly, has simple preparation method and process steps, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil biological improver.
Background
The salinized soil is widely distributed all over the world, the salinized soil in China is large in area and wide in distribution, and the salinized soil is distributed everywhere from the shore of the east sea along the pacific coast to the Tarim basin in Xinjiang, and from the Hainan island to the inner Mongolia Renlember plateau. According to the second national census statistics of Ministry of agriculture, the total area of saline soil in China is about 5.2 hundred million acres, wherein the total area of saline soil which is reclaimed and used as cultivated land is 8652.58 million acres. The global warming further aggravates the salinization degree of soil in arid and semiarid regions, so that the salinization soil area is continuously enlarged, the severe salinization soil is in a growth trend, and the alkali spot area without utilization value is enlarged. Northwest, northeast and northeast regions and coastal regions are the main concentrated distribution areas of the saline soil in China.
The traditional method for improving the salinized soil mainly comprises water conservancy measures, physical measures, chemical measures and plant measures. In recent years, research on improving saline soil by a microbiological method is increasingly carried out, and beneficial microorganisms, particularly bacteria capable of promoting plant growth, greatly help the growth of plants in the saline soil. Many microorganisms are capable of directly or indirectly promoting plant growth, increasing the stress of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, and studies have shown that Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can alleviate the effects of salt stress on various plants and can enhance the salt tolerance of plants.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement technology has the problems of large engineering quantity, high cost, short effect duration, continuous maintenance, soil destructiveness and the like, and the improvement is limited by various environmental factors, so that the research of a novel saline-alkali soil improvement technology is very important.
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote the growth of plants by two modes, namely direct action and indirect action. Direct growth promotion means the ability to synthesize compounds for plant use or to help plants absorb certain nutrients from the environment, including biological nitrogen fixation, solubilization of inorganic phosphorus in the soil, synthesis of certain plant hormones (such as growth hormone) and plant-required enzymes such as ACC deaminase; the indirect growth promotion function refers to biological control of pathogenic microorganisms, namely the harmful effects of one or more pathogenic microorganisms can be relieved or avoided, and the effects comprise antibiotic generation, siderophore secretion, ecological niche competition, plant resistance induction and the like.
The amount of microorganisms is an index of the soil fertility or saline-alkali soil. The number of microorganisms in the saline-alkali soil is very small because beneficial microbial flora is not easy to survive and propagate under alkaline conditions. The main reason is that the saline-alkali environment is not beneficial to the survival of microorganisms, and no microorganisms can convert organic matters, so that biological protein and amino acid required by plants cannot be generated. Only by greatly increasing microbial systems in saline-alkali soil can saline-alkali soil be improved, organic matters can be activated, and the survival rate of plants can be increased. The more organic matters in the soil, the more beneficial flora microorganisms and the better soil fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the soil conditioner which can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the biological activity of the soil, release the fertility of the soil and is environment-friendly and suitable for saline-alkali soil and the preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a saline-alkali soil biological improver is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
the bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent 1 is (0.5-1.5) × 108CFU/ml；
The bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent 2 is (0.5-1.5) × 108CFU/ml。
Preferably, the biological saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
the bacterium content of the PGPR liquid bacterium agent 1 is 1 × 108CFU/ml；
The bacterium content of the PGPR liquid bacterium agent 2 is 1 × 108CFU/ml。
The PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1), and the preservation number is CCTCC AB 2014337; preservation time: 12 months and 12 days in 2014; the preservation unit: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) for short; and (4) storage address: wuhan university school (the first small facing of Wuhan university), Wuhan university collection, eight Wuhan district 299, Wuhan City, Hubei province.
The PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 is Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37), and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 1.10967; preservation time: year 2011, month 5; the preservation unit: china General Microbiological culture Collection Center (China General Microbiological culture collection Center), CGMCC for short; and (4) storage address: the institute of microbiology, national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, Beijing.
The substrate is commercial turf, particles with the particle size of 0.35-1.4mm are selected, and the pH value of the particles is adjusted to 6.5-7.5.
The mass content of chloride in the humic acid is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the mass content of sulfate is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the drying weight loss is less than or equal to 2.0 percent, and the ignition residue is less than or equal to 0.5 percent.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil biological improver comprises the following steps:
(1) matrix pretreatment: calcium carbonate is mixed according to the mass ratio of (0.5-2): 9 adding turfy soil, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, grinding the turfy soil into powder, oscillating the powder, screening the powder by a standard sieve with the diameter of 0.35mm and 1.4mm to select particles with the particle diameter of 0.35-1.4mm, sterilizing and drying for later use;
(2) preparing a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum: respectively inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1) and Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37) to the sterilized liquid culture medium, and culturing to obtain a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 and a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2;
(3) mixing: and (3) mixing the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 and the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 in a matrix, uniformly stirring, naturally drying, adding powdery humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the saline-alkali soil biological improver.
The sterilization is carried out at 121 ℃ for 20-30min, and the times are one or two.
The liquid culture medium is L B culture medium, and the L B culture medium is prepared by adding 10g of peptone, 5g of yeast extract and 10g of NaCl into each liter of deionized water and uniformly stirring.
The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1) and the Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37) in the step (2) are cultured under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 200r/min for 20 hours by shaking.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) refers to a useful rhizobacteria that can promote the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrients by plants, or produce metabolites that can promote plant growth, even inhibit harmful microorganisms, and can directly or indirectly promote plant growth. Among plant growth-promoting bacteria, bacteria having a phosphorus solubilizing ability and bacteria capable of secreting a plant growth hormone account for an important proportion. Phosphorus is a major element which is necessary for plants and is second only to nitrogen, but after phosphate fertilizer is applied to soil, 75% of the phosphate fertilizer is converted into insoluble phosphate form and cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants. In the saline soil, the insoluble phosphate is mainly in the form of calcium phosphate, and the phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms can dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil, including inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus, by secreting organic acid, so that the content of the soluble phosphorus in the soil is increased, and the absorption of plants to phosphorus elements is increased.
The humic acid has obvious effect of improving soil, can improve the granular structure of the soil, can ventilate, increase temperature, store water, promote the growth and development of plants and improve the stress resistance of the plants. The humic acid substances can provide sufficient C, N elements for soil microorganisms, so that the metabolism and growth development of the microorganisms are promoted, the microbial biomass of the soil is increased, and the growth of plants and microorganisms is promoted. Humic acid is flocculated in soil, and dispersed soil particles can be cemented to form a granular structure with good water stability, so that the formation of soil aggregates is promoted, and good conditions are provided for the growth and development of plant roots. The grass peat contains a large amount of water, humic acid, plant residues which are not thoroughly decomposed, humus and a part of mineral substances, the content of organic matters is more than 30% (considered to be more than 50% in foreign countries), and the grass peat is environment-friendly. The turf is also a good microbial adsorbent, can effectively adsorb microbes and keep the activity of the microbes. The substrates and humic acid with different contents have closely related effects on the growth and activity of microorganisms. The ability of the turf to adsorb the thalli is reduced along with the increase of the diameter, but as the fermentation liquor contains a large amount of nutrient components, a large amount of mixed bacteria can be generated after the fermentation liquor is stored for one week, the turf with the diameter of 0.35-1.4mm is adopted to prepare the modifying agent.
The saline-alkali soil biological improver is formed by compounding two strains, wherein the bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1 has the effects of soil restoration and plant growth promotion, the pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37 also has the effect of plant growth promotion, and the two strains can effectively enhance the activities of the two strains and the effect of improving the soil and promote the growth of plants. If the amount of a component is too large or too small, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.
The invention can be applied to the field as a base fertilizer when in use. After the biological modifier for the saline-alkali soil is applied, the pH value and the EC value of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced, and the toxicity of high saline and alkali to vegetation is reduced. The soil biological index of the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved. Soil microorganisms play an important role in soil nutrition as degraders of organic matters and active banks of plant nutrients, and are closely related to soil quality. After the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied, the quantity of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes is increased, and the saline-alkali soil conditioner has important significance for maintaining the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil, improving the material circulation and improving the biological diversity.
The PGPR strain can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil and promote the growth of plants. The product has simple production process, is nontoxic and harmless to the environment and is environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A saline-alkali soil biological improver is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) pretreating matrix by adding calcium carbonate into ground turfy soil powder at a mass ratio of 1:9 to adjust pH to 6.5-7.5, shaking the turfy soil powder through a standard sieve with diameter of 0.35mm, and subjecting to high pressure at 121 deg.C (1.035 × 10)5Pa), sterilizing, 20-30min, twice drying for later use.
(2) Preparing L B culture medium comprising peptone 10g, yeast extract 5g, NaCl 10g, and deionized water 1L, mixing, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min;
(3) preparing PGPR liquid microbial inoculum, wherein PGPR is respectively bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1), (the preservation number is CCTTC AB2014337), and pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37) (the preservation number is CGMCC No.1.10967), respectively picking single colonies of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1 and the pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37 into 50ml of liquid L B culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 20h, measuring 10ml of fermentation liquor into 1000ml of fresh liquid L B culture medium according to 1% of inoculum size, and carrying out shaking culture to logarithmic phase (28 ℃, 200rpm and 20h), wherein the bacterial inoculum content is about 108CFU/ml。
(4) Preparing a saline-alkali soil biological modifier: stirring the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum and a matrix according to the mass ratio of 1:1, naturally drying, adding humic acid, uniformly stirring, and packaging in a plastic packaging bag for storage.
The following describes the improvement of the present invention in detail with reference to the examples:
and (3) setting an inoculation saline-alkali soil biological modifier treatment group and a non-inoculation Control (CK), wherein the inoculation saline-alkali soil biological modifier treatment group is formed by uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil biological modifier and saline-alkali soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 1. Within 2 months, two treatment groups were sprayed with the same amount of sterile water, and after 2 months, various indexes of the soil were measured.
1. The influence of the saline-alkali soil biological modifier on the physical and chemical indexes of the soil is as follows:
the influence of the saline-alkali soil biological modifier on the physical and chemical indexes of the soil is shown in table 1, and the physical and chemical indexes of the saline-alkali soil are obviously improved after the modifier is added. The pH value of the soil is reduced, the EC value is reduced, and the toxicity of high salt and alkali to the vegetation is reduced.
TABLE 1
2. Influence of saline-alkali soil biological modifier on soil biological indexes
After the modifier is added, the soil biological indexes of the saline-alkali soil are obviously improved. Soil microorganisms play an important role in soil nutrition as degraders of organic matters and active banks of plant nutrients, and are closely related to soil quality. Table 2 shows the influence of the saline-alkali soil biological modifier on the number of soil microorganisms, and it can be seen from table 2 that the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes is increased after the saline-alkali soil modifier is applied, and the method has important significance for maintaining the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil, improving the material circulation and improving the biological diversity.
TABLE 2
The soil enzyme activity is an important index for measuring the soil fertility, the table 3 shows the influence of the saline-alkali soil biological modifier on the soil enzyme activity, and the table 3 shows that the activities of soil urease, sucrase and catalase are obviously improved after the modifier is applied. The application of the modifying agent can improve the nitrogen supply capability of rhizosphere soil and provide a nitrogen source for growth; enhancing the conversion of organic carbon in the soil and increasing the soluble nutrient substances in the soil; and can promote the degradation of soil hydrogen peroxide and reduce the toxicity of soil.
TABLE 3
Example 2
The saline-alkali soil biological improver is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent is 1 × 108CFU/ml。
In the embodiment, the PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1), and the preservation number is CCTCC AB 2014337; preservation time: 12 months and 12 days in 2014; the preservation unit: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) for short; and (4) storage address: wuhan university school (the first small facing of Wuhan university), Wuhan university collection, eight Wuhan district 299, Wuhan City, Hubei province.
The PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 is pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37), and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 1.10967; preservation time: year 2011, month 5; the preservation unit: china General Microbiological culture Collection Center (China General Microbiological culture collection Center), CGMCC for short; and (4) storage address: the institute of microbiology, national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, Beijing.
The method for preparing the soil conditioner suitable for saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the obtained conditioner has obvious improvement effects on soil physical and chemical indexes, soil biological indexes and soil enzyme activity indexes.
Example 3
The biological modifier for the saline-alkali soil is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent is 1 × 108CFU/ml。
In the embodiment, the PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1), and the preservation number is CCTCC AB 2014337; preservation time: 12 months and 12 days in 2014; the preservation unit: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) for short; and (4) storage address: wuhan university school (the first small facing of Wuhan university), Wuhan university collection, eight Wuhan district 299, Wuhan City, Hubei province.
The PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 is pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37), and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 1.10967; preservation time: year 2011, month 5; the preservation unit: china General Microbiological culture Collection Center (China General Microbiological culture collection Center), CGMCC for short; and (4) storage address: the institute of microbiology, national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, Beijing.
The method for preparing the soil conditioner suitable for saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the obtained conditioner has obvious improvement effects on soil physical and chemical indexes, soil biological indexes and soil enzyme activity indexes.
Example 4
The biological modifier for the saline-alkali soil is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent is 1 × 108CFU/ml。
In the embodiment, the PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1), and the preservation number is CCTCC AB 2014337; preservation time: 12 months and 12 days in 2014; the preservation unit: china Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) for short; and (4) storage address: wuhan university school (the first small facing of Wuhan university), Wuhan university collection, eight Wuhan district 299, Wuhan City, Hubei province.
The PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 is pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37), and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 1.10967; preservation time: year 2011, month 5; the preservation unit: china General Microbiological culture Collection Center (China General Microbiological culture collection Center), CGMCC for short; and (4) storage address: the institute of microbiology, national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, Beijing.
The method for preparing the soil conditioner suitable for saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the obtained conditioner has obvious improvement effects on soil physical and chemical indexes, soil biological indexes and soil enzyme activity indexes. The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The biological modifier for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by being prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
substrate 100
PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 180-
PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 280-120
0.05 to 0.2 percent of humic acid,
the bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent 1 is (0.5-1.5) × 108CFU/ml；
The bacterial content of the PGPR liquid bacterial agent 2 is (0.5-1.5) × 108CFU/ml；
The PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1 (B.amyloliquefaciens S3-1)Bacillus amyloliquefaciensS3-1), the preservation number is CCTCC AB 2014337; preservation time: 12 months and 12 days in 2014; the preservation unit: china center for type culture Collection;
the PGPR contained in the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 is Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37 (B)Pseudomonas aurantiacaJD37) with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 1.10967; preservation time: year 2011, month 5; the preservation unit: china general microbiological culture Collection center.
2. The biological improver for saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
substrate 100
PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1100
PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2100
0.05 to 0.2 percent of humic acid,
the bacterium content of the PGPR liquid bacterium agent 1 is 1 × 108CFU/ml；
The bacterium content of the PGPR liquid bacterium agent 2 is 1 × 108CFU/ml。
3. The biological improver for saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is commercial turf, particles with the particle size of 0.35-1.4mm are selected, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7.5.
4. A biological improver for saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass content of chloride in the humic acid is less than or equal to 0.05%, the mass content of sulfate is less than or equal to 0.05%, the drying weight loss is less than or equal to 2.0%, and the ignition residue is less than or equal to 0.5%.
5. A method for preparing a biological improver for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps:
(1) matrix pretreatment: calcium carbonate is mixed according to the mass ratio of (0.5-2): 9 adding turfy soil, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, grinding the turfy soil into powder, oscillating the powder, screening the powder by a standard sieve with the diameter of 0.35mm and 1.4mm to select particles with the particle diameter of 0.35-1.4mm, sterilizing and drying for later use;
(2) preparing a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum: mixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciensS3-1) and Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiacaJD37) are respectively inoculated in the sterilized liquid culture medium and cultured to obtain a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 and a PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2;
(3) mixing: and (3) mixing the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 1 and the PGPR liquid microbial inoculum 2 in a matrix, uniformly stirring, naturally drying, adding powdery humic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the saline-alkali soil biological improver.
6. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil biological improver according to claim 5, wherein the sterilization is performed at a temperature of 121 ℃ for 20-30min for one or two times.
7. The method for preparing a biological improver of soil in saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the liquid medium is L B medium, and the L B liquid medium is prepared by adding 10g of peptone, 5g of yeast extract and 10g of NaCl to each liter of deionized water and uniformly stirring.
8. The method for preparing a biological improver for saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S3-1 (in the step (2)) is usedBacillus amyloliquefaciensS3-1) and Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37(Pseudomonas aurantiacaJD37) was cultured at 28 ℃ under shaking at 200r/min for 20 hours.
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| CN113412770A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Structural matrix of nursery stock in saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
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