CN108178445A - 一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,采用先两次减压蒸馏浓缩高浓度有机废液,分离出溶剂、水及轻组分并脱去溶液中无机盐,再加入强碱回流后,减压蒸馏分离出经碱降解得到的有机小分子结构的轻组分,最后加入高分子絮凝剂,絮凝沉淀出剩余少量的高分子有机物,集中以强氧化剂处理,将高分子有机物降解成小分子有机物,进入生化池深度处理。本发明完全实现了高浓度有机废液的降解,提升了经济效益,能够切实有效的满足环境保护需求,并降低了废水处理的成本,为工业生产三氯蔗糖过程中产生的高浓度有机废液提供了新的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工生产废弃物处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法。
背景技术
三氯蔗糖生产工艺中产生的废水是高浓度有机化工废水,其水质成分复杂、浓度高、可生化性差,处理难度较大。废水中含有N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、三氯蔗糖-6-乙酸酯、二甲铵盐、硫酸盐、氯盐、氯代副产物(三氯蔗糖氯代过程产生一氯、二氯、四氯代物等)、蔗糖碳化物等难降解物质,对生化处理的微生物有很强的抑制作用。如果废水处理不达标,不仅严重阻碍三氯蔗糖产业发展,而且对生态环境带来危害。因此,三氯蔗糖工业废水的完善处理,对于推进三氯蔗糖产业连续化生产、创建环境友好型企业具有重要意义。
目前,针对三氯蔗糖生产过程中产生的高浓度有机废液,所采用的处理方主要为单一工艺处理,即单级浓缩后,得到的馏底含有大量无机盐和有机物的膏状混合物,然后将其外送焚烧处理。该处理工艺,单级浓缩分离出的废液水量大,处理所需试剂繁多,处理过程能耗较大;同时,单级浓缩工艺后处理成本大。此外,焚烧法处理作为高浓度有机物的主要处理方法,针对三氯蔗糖生产过程中乙酸乙酯萃取后高浓度有机废液的处理存在局限性,易产生二次污染。其原因在于:首先,高浓度有机废液中有机物燃烧值较低,常以甲醇、汽油等助燃剂辅助燃烧才能完成,增加了焚烧成本且易产生燃烧不完全的废渣;其次,废液中含有大量的无机盐及有机溶剂残留,焚烧过程产生大量的烟及有毒有害气体,形成二次污染废气。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,以经济并切实有效地处理三氯蔗糖生产过程中乙酸乙酯萃取后产生的高浓度有机废液,满足环境保护需求,为三氯蔗糖工业生产中产生的高浓度有机废液处理提供新的途径。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将收集的高浓度有机废液置于浓缩器内进行一级浓缩,浓缩完成后获得馏分A和馏底A;所述馏分A直接回用于生产;
(2)所述馏底A置于浓缩器内进行二级浓缩,浓缩完成后进行一次脱盐,获得馏分B和馏底B;
(3)在所述馏底B内加入强碱进行回流处理,完成后进行三级浓缩,浓缩完成后进行二次脱盐,获得馏分C和馏底C;
(4)在所述馏底C内加入高分子絮凝剂,搅拌后静置沉淀,获得上清液和膏状有机质;
(5)在所述膏状有机质内加入强氧化剂进行氧化处理,处理完毕再加入强碱进行吹脱处理后,加入水进行稀释;
(6)所述馏分B、馏分C和上清液合并,加入强碱进行吹脱处理;
(7)步骤(5)和步骤(6)处理后的废水均匀混合,进入生化池深度处理后,获得合格的排放水。
本发明采用先两次减压蒸馏浓缩高浓度有机废液,分离出溶剂、水及轻组分并脱去溶液中无机盐,再加入强碱回流后,减压蒸馏分离出经碱降解得到的有机小分子结构的轻组分,最后加入高分子絮凝剂,絮凝沉淀出剩余少量的高分子有机物,集中以强氧化剂处理,将高分子有机物降解成小分子有机物,进入生化池深度处理。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(1)中,一级浓缩的温度为80~95℃、真空度为-0.09~-0.095MPa,浓缩比例占有机废液总体积的40~50%。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(2)中,二级浓缩的温度为100~130℃、真空度为-0.09~-0.095MPa,浓缩比例占馏底A总体积的35~40%。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(3)中,所述强碱的用量为馏底B总体积的15~25%,所述回流处理时间为2~5h;所述三级浓缩的温度为100~130℃、真空度为-0.09~-0.095MPa,浓缩比例占馏底B总体积的28~45%。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(4)中,所述高分子絮凝剂的用量为馏底C总体积的0.3~0.5%,所述搅拌时间为1~3h。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(5)中,所述强氧化剂的用量为膏状有机质总体积的1~5%,所述氧化处理时间为3~10h;所述强碱的用量为有机质总体积的10~30%,所述吹脱处理时间为3~5h;按照质量比有机质∶水=1∶10~50加入水进行稀释。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤(6)中,所述强碱的用量为馏分B、馏分C和上清液合并后总体积的5~10%,所述吹脱处理时间为1~12h。
上述方案中,本发明所述强碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙;所述高分子絮凝剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸亚铁;所述强氧化剂为次氯酸钠、臭氧、过氧化氢、次氯酸、浓硫酸中的一种或其组合。
上述方案中,本发明所述浓缩器为球形浓缩器、卧式浓缩器、降膜浓缩器。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所需设备和试剂简单,操作简便、反应条件温和、COD去除率高(废水经处理后,经检测COD<500,氨氮<45,为合格的排放水),工艺运行成本低廉,处理效果佳,适用于三氯蔗糖生产过程中乙酸乙酯萃取后高浓度有机废液处理。
(2)本发明先采用一、二级浓缩分离出水和能够直接被生化降解的轻组分,同时获得更高浓度的有机废液;浓度的提高,不仅可以减少碱的投放量,而且大幅度提高了碱亲核反应的速率和有效率;絮凝剂的加入,使得剩余的高分子有机物絮凝沉淀分离,配合强氧化剂氧化和生化池深度处理,可满足工业大批量生产三氯蔗糖过程中产生的高浓度有机废液处理。
(3)本发明以逐级分离、降解处理的工艺,从高浓度有机废液分离出占主要比例的无需降解溶剂与易降解小分子轻组分后,加碱回流破坏一部分高分子有机物,集中氧化降解少量难降解高分子有机物的工艺,可完全实现高浓度有机废液的降解,提升了经济效益,能够切实有效的满足环境保护需求,并降低了废水处理的成本,为工业生产三氯蔗糖过程中产生的高浓度有机废液提供了新的途径。
下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中高浓度有机废液为工业生产三氯蔗糖工序产生,含有大量有机物(主要为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、三氯蔗糖-6-乙酸酯、二甲铵盐、硫酸盐、氯代副产物(三氯蔗糖氯代过程产生一氯、二氯、四氯代物等)、水、蔗糖碳化物等),COD值高、产出量大,排放后严重破坏水体生态环境。
实施例一:
本实施例一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将收集的50t高浓度有机废液,置于球形浓缩器内进行一级浓缩,浓缩温度为85℃、真空度为-0.09MPa,浓缩比例占有机废液总体积的48%,浓缩完成后获得24t馏分A和26t馏底A;馏分A直接回用于生产;
(2)将上述馏底A置于浓缩器内进行二级浓缩,浓缩温度为120℃、真空度为-0.09MPa,浓缩比例占馏底A总体积的35%,浓缩完成后进行一次脱盐约5t,获得9.6t馏分B和8t馏底B;
(3)在上述馏底B内分三次加入1.5t氢氧化钠,在100℃温度下回流3h,完成后进行三级浓缩,浓缩温度为130℃、真空度为-0.092MPa,浓缩比例占馏底B总体积的32%,浓缩完成后进行二次脱盐约2.5t,获得3.5t馏分C和2t馏底C;
(4)在上述馏底C内加入8Kg阴离子聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌2h,静置沉淀,获得1.6t上清液和0.5t膏状有机质;
(5)在上述膏状有机质内加入10Kg过氧化氢,升温至50℃,通入臭氧氧化处理5h,再加入100Kg氢氧化钠吹脱处理5h后(处理前、后的COD及氨氮值变化情况见表1),加入3t自来水进行稀释;
(6)上述馏分B、馏分C和上清液合并,分批加入1.1t氢氧化钙,升温至100℃回流吹脱处理3h后压滤(处理前、后的COD及氨氮值变化情况见表2);
(7)步骤(5)和步骤(6)处理后的废水均匀混合,进入生化池深度处理(废水经调节池、厌氧池、好氧池、铁碳-芬顿等处理)后,获得合格的排放水(处理前、后的COD及氨氮值变化情况见表3)。
表1实施例一膏状有机质的COD及氨氮值变化情况
表2实施例一馏分B、馏分C和上清液混合液的COD及氨氮值变化情况
表3实施例一生化处理COD及氨氮值降解情况
实施例二:
本实施例一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将收集的50t高浓度有机废液,置于卧式浓缩器内进行一级浓缩,浓缩温度为90℃、真空度为-0.092MPa,浓缩比例占有机废液总体积的45%,浓缩完成后获得22.5t馏分A和27.5t馏底A;馏分A直接回用于生产;
(2)将上述馏底A置于浓缩器内进行二级浓缩,浓缩温度为130℃、真空度为-0.092MPa,浓缩比例占馏底A总体积的40%,浓缩完成后进行一次脱盐约5.1t,获得11t馏分B和8.2t馏底B;
(3)在上述馏底B内分三次加入1.7t氢氧化钾,在100℃温度下回流2.5h,完成后进行三级浓缩,浓缩温度为120℃、真空度为-0.09MPa,浓缩比例占馏底B总体积的30%,浓缩完成后进行二次脱盐约2.7t,获得3.4t馏分C和2.1t馏底C;
(4)在上述馏底C内加入10Kg聚合氯化铝,搅拌2.5h,静置沉淀,获得1.5上清液和0.6t膏状有机质;
(5)在上述膏状有机质内加入15Kg次氯酸钠,升温至60℃,通入臭氧氧化处理8h,再加入120Kg氢氧化钠吹脱处理4h后(处理前、后的COD及氨氮值变化情况见表4),加入5t自来水进行稀释;
(6)上述馏分B、馏分C和上清液合并,分批加入1.8t氢氧化钙,升温至100℃回流吹脱处理5h后压滤(处理前、后的COD及氨氮值变化情况见表5);
(7)步骤(5)和步骤(6)处理后的废水均匀混合,进入生化池深度处理(废水经调节池、厌氧池、好氧池、铁碳-芬顿等处理)后,获得合格的排放水(处理前、后的COD及氨氮值变化情况见表6)。
表4实施例二膏状有机质的COD及氨氮值变化情况
表5实施例二馏分B、馏分C和上清液混合液的COD及氨氮值变化情况
表6实施例二生化处理COD及氨氮值降解情况
Claims (9)
1.一种三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将收集的高浓度有机废液置于浓缩器内进行一级浓缩,浓缩完成后获得馏分A和馏底A;所述馏分A直接回用于生产;
(2)所述馏底A置于浓缩器内进行二级浓缩,浓缩完成后进行一次脱盐,获得馏分B和馏底B;
(3)在所述馏底B内加入强碱进行回流处理,完成后进行三级浓缩,浓缩完成后进行二次脱盐,获得馏分C和馏底C;
(4)在所述馏底C内加入高分子絮凝剂,搅拌后静置沉淀,获得上清液和膏状有机质;
(5)在所述膏状有机质内加入强氧化剂进行氧化处理,处理完毕再加入强碱进行吹脱处理后,加入水进行稀释;
(6)所述馏分B、馏分C和上清液合并,加入强碱进行吹脱处理;
(7)步骤(5)和步骤(6)处理后的废水均匀混合,进入生化池深度处理后,获得合格的排放水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,一级浓缩的温度为80~95℃、真空度为-0.09~-0.095MPa,浓缩比例占有机废液总体积的40~50%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,二级浓缩的温度为100~130℃、真空度为-0.09~-0.095MPa,浓缩比例占馏底A总体积的35~40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,所述强碱的用量为馏底B总体积的15~25%,所述回流处理时间为2~5h;所述三级浓缩的温度为100~130℃、真空度为-0.09~-0.095MPa,浓缩比例占馏底B总体积的28~45%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,所述高分子絮凝剂的用量为馏底C总体积的0.3~0.5%,所述搅拌时间为1~3h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,所述强氧化剂的用量为膏状有机质总体积的1~5%,所述氧化处理时间为3~10h;所述强碱的用量为有机质总体积的10~30%,所述吹脱处理时间为3~5h;按照质量比有机质∶水=1∶10~50加入水进行稀释。
7.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中,所述强碱的用量为馏分B、馏分C和上清液合并后总体积的5~10%,所述吹脱处理时间为1~12h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述强碱为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙;所述高分子絮凝剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸亚铁;所述强氧化剂为次氯酸钠、臭氧、过氧化氢、次氯酸、浓硫酸中的一种或其组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的三氯蔗糖生产中高浓度有机废液的处理方法,其特征在于:所述浓缩器为球形浓缩器、卧式浓缩器、降膜浓缩器。
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