CN108178319B - Application of hybrid wedelia chinensis in treatment of cadmium-polluted water body and treatment method - Google Patents
Application of hybrid wedelia chinensis in treatment of cadmium-polluted water body and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108178319B CN108178319B CN201810016173.0A CN201810016173A CN108178319B CN 108178319 B CN108178319 B CN 108178319B CN 201810016173 A CN201810016173 A CN 201810016173A CN 108178319 B CN108178319 B CN 108178319B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses an application of hybrid wedelia chinensis in treating a cadmium-polluted water body and a treatment method, wherein the hybrid wedelia chinensis is a new species generated by hybridization by using a south American wedelia chinensis as a male parent and a wedelia chinensis as a female parent. The treatment method comprises the following steps: and (3) absorbing cadmium by using a hybrid wedelia plant floating bed, wherein the hybrid wedelia plant floating bed is a planting bed for transplanting and planting the hybrid wedelia onto the cadmium-polluted water body. The treatment method of the invention has low cost, simple operation and obvious treatment effect, can be suitable for the water body with cadmium concentration as high as 200 mu mol/L, does not produce secondary pollution, and can also maintain water and soil and beautify the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal pollution treatment and restoration, in particular to application of hybrid wedelia chinensis in treatment of a cadmium-polluted water body and a treatment method.
Background
Cadmium is a heavy metal and is widely applied to the fields of electroplating industry, chemical industry, electronic industry, nuclear industry and the like, wherein a considerable amount of cadmium enters a water body to cause cadmium pollution of the water body, and the cadmium pollution in the water body mainly comes from surface runoff and industrial wastewater. The common treatment methods for cadmium-polluted water bodies are precipitation methods (sulfides and hydroxides), adsorption methods, electrolysis, ion exchange, membrane separation, biological flocculation and the like. However, the methods have various disadvantages, for example, the precipitation method only forms insoluble cadmium hydroxide under an alkaline condition, and the cadmium pollution remediation effect is poor for a slightly acidic water body; the activated carbon adsorption method has the characteristics of strong adsorption force, large specific surface area and high removal efficiency, but is expensive; the method selects the substitute articles such as plant ash, weathered coal, sulfonated coal and the like, has high treatment efficiency, but removes cadmium, and simultaneously relates to the problem of secondary pollution to the water body and the problem of difficult implementation to the large-area polluted water body.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a novel plant for repairing cadmium pollution, namely the hybrid wedelia chinensis, and discloses application of the hybrid wedelia chinensis in treating a cadmium-polluted water body. The hybrid wedelia chinensis not only has strong cadmium enrichment capacity, but also has the capacity of absorbing cadmium in water bodies with severe cadmium pollution, and can treat the water bodies with cadmium pollution.
The invention also aims to provide a method for treating the cadmium-polluted water body. The treatment method has low cost and simple and convenient operation, can be suitable for the water body with the cadmium concentration as high as 200 mu mol/L, does not generate secondary pollution, and can also maintain water and soil and beautify the environment.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the application of the hybrid wedelia plants in treating cadmium-polluted water bodies is characterized in that the hybrid wedelia is a new species generated by hybridization by taking the south American wedelia as a male parent and the wedelia as a female parent.
The hybrid Wedelia chinensis is a new species generated by hybridization by using Wedelia chinensis (L.) Hitchc) as a male parent and Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr) as a female parent, the habitat of the hybrid Wedelia chinensis is highly overlapped with the Wedelia chinensis, and multiple chaperones are distributed beside a lake and other wetter habitats. Reports show that the wedelia chinensis is irrigated by using leachate of the refuse landfill, has stronger resistance to the leachate, has better purification and repair capacity to the soil polluted by the leachate, and is suitable for serving as a vegetation reconstruction material of the refuse landfill. The method is characterized in that the sludge with different volume ratios is used for planting the wedelia trilobata, the wedelia trilobata has stronger tolerance to heavy metals in the sludge, and the leaves have a super-enrichment effect on Ni, Cu and Cr, but no plant variety for effectively treating the cadmium-polluted water body is found. According to the invention, researches show that a new hybrid wedelia plant produced by hybridization by using south American wedelia as a male parent and wedelia as a female parent can effectively treat the cadmium-polluted water body.
In one embodiment, the hybridization is natural hybridization.
In one embodiment, the cadmium is absorbed using a hybrid wedelia plant floating bed, which is a planting bed for transplanting hybrid wedelia onto a cadmium-contaminated water body.
The plant floating bed technology takes aquatic plants as a main body, applies the technical principle of soilless culture, takes high polymer materials and the like as carriers and substrates, utilizes the soilless culture technology to plant the plants on the water surface, and reduces organic substances and the like in eutrophic water body through the absorption and adsorption action of the roots of the plants, thereby achieving the effects of water quality purification and water surface beautification. Experiments show that the cadmium in the water body can be greatly enriched and absorbed by placing the hybrid wedelia chinensis plant in the cadmium-polluted water body in the floating bed form of the hybrid wedelia chinensis plant, and the concentration of the cadmium in the water body is remarkably reduced.
In one embodiment, the body of the hybrid wedelia plant floating bed is a hybrid wedelia and the carrier is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
In one embodiment, the method for treating the cadmium polluted water body comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting hybrid wedelia chinensis, removing leaves, trimming stems into small segments with the length of 10 +/-2 cm, ensuring that each segment has two internodes, placing the internodes at the morphological lower end of the segments into ABT rooting powder solution, soaking for 4-5h, taking out, and transferring to water to enable the segments to take roots and sprout;
s2, transferring the hybrid wedelia chinensis seedlings into Hoagland nutrient solution for culturing when the seedlings grow buds and root segments are 2-3cm, changing the nutrient solution every 3-5 days, and culturing for 20-30 days until 3-4 pairs of leaves grow out from the hybrid wedelia chinensis;
s3, transplanting the cultured hybrid wedelia to a planting bed on the cadmium-polluted water body, constructing a floating bed of the hybrid wedelia plant, and ensuring that the root system is immersed in the water body;
s4, when the plant is transplanted to 30-40 days, the whole hybrid wedelia chinensis is removed from the plant floating bed;
and S5, repeating the steps 1-4, and realizing the restoration of the cadmium polluted water body.
In one embodiment, the cadmium content in the cadmium-polluted water body is not more than 200 mu mol/L.
In one embodiment, step S3 is: transplanting the cultivated hybrid wedelia chinensis to a planting bed fixedly planted on a cadmium-polluted water body, constructing and fixing a floating bed of the hybrid wedelia chinensis plant, ensuring that a root system is immersed in the water body, ensuring the distance between adjacent floating beds by 100cm-150cm and ensuring that the root system of the hybrid wedelia chinensis has sufficient oxygen supply.
In one embodiment, step S4 further comprises detoxifying the removed wedelia trilobata. The hybrid wedelia chinensis is required to be regularly cleaned when being planted, cadmium can not be adsorbed in the water body after 30 days, and the hybrid wedelia chinensis is required to be cleaned and subjected to harmless treatment so as to avoid negative influence on the environment.
In one embodiment, the harmless treatment is incineration or compression and then harmless landfill.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a novel cadmium pollution remediation plant, namely wedelia cross, which has the advantages of strong cadmium enrichment capacity, cadmium absorption capacity in water body polluted by severe cadmium, strong stress resistance such as barren resistance and the like; the method for treating the cadmium polluted water body has the advantages of low cost, simple and convenient operation, obvious treatment effect, no secondary pollution, water and soil conservation, environment beautification and the like; the used hybrid wedelia chinensis plant is easy to pull out, the post-treatment is simple and convenient, and the feasibility is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the three wedelia chinensis contain 200 mu mol/LCd2+The leaf phenotype changes after 15 days of growth in the water body.
FIG. 2 shows the contents of three wedelia chinensis in a concentration of 200. mu. mol/LCd2+The root phenotype of the plants grows for 15 days.
FIG. 3 shows the contents of three wedelia chinensis in a concentration of 200. mu. mol/LCd2+The picture grows for 40 days in the water body.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showingThe three wedeloa chinensis contain 200 mu mol/LCd2+The biomass of 40 days in the water body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1.1 materials and methods
In the experiment, the south American wedelia chinensis and the wedelia chinensis are used as contrast, the cadmium resistance of the hybrid wedelia chinensis is researched, and all the used materials are collected from south China botanical garden areas (23 degrees 10 'N and 113 degrees 21' E) of Chinese academy of sciences.
The experiment shows that the hybrid wedelia is a species which is produced by natural hybridization by using south American wedelia as a male parent and wedelia as a female parent.
A method for treating cadmium polluted water comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting hybrid wedelia chinensis, removing leaves, trimming stems into small segments with the length of 10 +/-2 cm, ensuring that each segment has two internodes, placing the internodes at the morphological lower end of the segments into ABT rooting powder solution, soaking for 4-5h, taking out, and transferring to tap water to treat rooting and sprouting;
s2, transferring the hybrid wedelia chinensis seedlings into Hoagland nutrient solution for culturing when the seedlings grow buds and root segments are 2-3cm, changing the nutrient solution every 4 days, and culturing for 20-30 days until 3-4 pairs of leaves grow out from the hybrid wedelia chinensis;
s3, transplanting and planting the cultivated hybrid wedelia chinensis to a planting bed with the concentration of about 200 mu mol/L polluted water body, constructing and fixing a floating bed of the hybrid wedelia chinensis plant, ensuring that the root system is completely immersed in the water body, ensuring the distance between adjacent floating beds to be 100cm-150cm, and ensuring that the root system of the hybrid wedelia chinensis has sufficient oxygen supply;
and S4, when the plant is transplanted to 40 days, removing the whole hybrid wedelia from the plant floating bed, and measuring the related indexes.
1.1.1 Experimental design
When the plants had grown for 40 days, the biomass of the subject plants was measured using a weighing method. And (3) determining the content of cadmium in the rhizome leaves of the plants by using a microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the harvested plants.
1.1.2 data processing and analysis
Data processing was performed with Excel2007, and sigmaplot12.0 completed the mapping.
1.2 results
1.2.1 phenotypic Change after cadmium treatment
The three wedeloa chinensis changes after 15 days of cadmium treatment are shown in figure 1 and figure 2. The three wedeloides leaves all have yellowing 15 days after the cadmium treatment, the yellowing occurs most first in the young leaves, and the leaf shown in figure 1A is taken from the three wedeloides leaves which have just undergone yellowing, so that the upper end of the leaf can be seen to be greener than the lower end. Comparing fig. 1C with fig. 1B, it can be seen that the closer to the main vein of the leaf, the more severe the yellowing. Of the three wedelia chinensis, obvious brown necrotic spots appear near the main veins of the leaves under cadmium treatment, the area of the necrotic spots becomes large in the later period of culture, the leaves wither and fall in advance (figure 3), and the leaves newly grown under cadmium treatment completely turn yellow as the cadmium treatment time is prolonged. It can be known from figure 1 that, after cadmium treatment, the main vein yellowing of south American wedelia chinensis leaf is the most serious, from figure 2, figure 3, after cadmium treatment, the root systems of three wedelia chinensis, the leaf growth is inhibited to the degree different, wherein the root system inhibition of south American wedelia chinensis is the most obvious, the leaf yellowing is the most obvious, indicate that south American wedelia chinensis is inhibited to the degree the most, the root system growth of hybrid wedelia chinensis is the best, the leaf is the most flourishing, the stress resistance that hybrid wedelia chinensis shows out under cadmium stress is superior to local wedelia chinensis and south American wedelia chinensis.
1.2.2 variation of Biomass
The biomass before and after the treatment of the three wedelo cadmium is shown in figure 4, wherein the change rule of the biomass before the treatment is as follows: wedelia chinensis > hybrid wedelia chinensis > local wedelia chinensis, but not to a significant level; the change rule of biomass after cadmium treatment for 40 days is as follows: the biomass of the hybrid wedelia chinensis is increased maximally and is 479%, the biomass of the local wedelia chinensis is increased 413%, the biomass of the hybrid wedelia chinensis is increased minimally and is 111%, and differences reach an extremely significant level. As can be seen from fig. 4, the biomass of hybrid wedelia chinensis is the highest, and its cadmium resistance is superior to that of local wedelia chinensis and wedelia chinensis.
1.2.3 changes in cadmium content in plants
Table 1 shows that the three wedelia chinensis contain 200 mu mol/LCd2+The cadmium content in the rhizome leaves growing for 15 days in the water body. As can be seen from table 1, the content of south wedelia cadmium in the leaf was slightly higher than that of the local wedelia and the hybrid wedelia, but there was no significant difference. In the stems, the content of hybrid wedelia cadmium is significantly higher than that of south american wedelia and local wedelia. In the roots, the content of the south American wedelia is highest, so that the root is most seriously damaged under the cadmium stress of the south American wedelia, the biomass of the south American wedelia is also lowest, and the south American wedelia begins to die after 40 days of the cadmium stress. Experiments show that the hybrid wedelia is mainly used for storing absorbed cadmium in the stems, so that the damage of the cadmium to plant roots is reduced. In the cadmium content of the whole plant, the cadmium absorption content of the whole plant of the wedelia chinensis is 1087.91mg/kg, and the content of the whole plant of the wedelia chinensis is obviously higher than that of the wedelia chinensis and the hybrid wedelia chinensis. The effect of purifying the water body polluted by the cadmium by using the hybrid wedelia is obviously better than that of the south American wedelia.
TABLE 1
Example 2
2.1.1 Experimental design
Transplanting the cultured hybrid wedelia chinensis into glass bottles, wherein 400mL of Cd containing 200 mu mol/L is filled in each glass bottle for planting 1 hybrid wedelia chinensis2+The Hoagland nutrient solution simultaneously uses local wedelia and south American wedelia as contrast. And (4) after 15 days of transplanting, collecting nutrient solution, and measuring the concentration of cadmium ions in the solution by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
2.1.2 results of the experiment
Before planting wedeloa chinensis, the content of cadmium in the solution is measured to be 22.62 mg/L. The average cadmium concentration of the solution for planting the wedelia chinensis, the wedelia chinensis and the hybrid wedelia chinensis is respectively 19.57mg/L, 19.95mg/L and 18.57 mg/L15 days after the wedelia chinensis is planted. As can be seen from the results, the hybrid chrysanthemum absorbed the most cadmium ions, and absorbed 1.62mg of cadmium per plant on average. The absorption of cadmium by the south American wedelia chinensis is minimum, and the average absorption of the cadmium by each plant is 1.07 mg. Therefore, the hybrid wedelia chinensis has better capacity of purifying cadmium in a high-concentration cadmium solution.
From the above experiments and analysis, it can be known that the stress resistance of hybrid wedelia chinensis under cadmium stress is superior to that of local wedelia chinensis and south American wedelia chinensis, the biomass of the hybrid wedelia chinensis is highest under cadmium treatment, and the absorption capacity of the root and stem leaf on cadmium is strong, which indicates that the hybrid wedelia chinensis can be used for effectively treating the cadmium-polluted water body.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The application of the hybrid Wedelia plants in treating cadmium-polluted water is characterized in that the hybrid Wedelia is a new species generated by hybridization by taking Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc as a male parent and Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr as a female parent.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the hybridization is natural hybridization.
3. A method for treating cadmium polluted water is characterized by comprising the following steps: absorbing cadmium by using a hybrid wedelia plant floating bed, wherein the hybrid wedelia plant floating bed is a planting bed for transplanting and planting the hybrid wedelia as claimed in claim 1 or 2 onto a cadmium-polluted water body.
4. The method for treating the cadmium-polluted water body as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main body of the hybrid wedelia plant floating bed is hybrid wedelia and the carrier is high-density polyethylene.
5. The method for treating the cadmium polluted water body as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting hybrid wedelia chinensis, removing leaves, trimming stems into small segments with the length of 10 +/-2 cm, ensuring that each segment has two internodes, placing the internodes at the morphological lower end of the segments into ABT rooting powder solution, soaking for 4-5h, taking out, and transferring to water to enable the segments to take roots and sprout;
s2, transferring the hybrid wedelia chinensis seedlings into Hoagland nutrient solution for culturing when the seedlings grow buds and root segments are 2-3cm, changing the nutrient solution every 3-5 days, and culturing for 20-30 days until 3-4 pairs of leaves grow out from the hybrid wedelia chinensis;
s3, transplanting the cultured hybrid wedelia to a planting bed on the cadmium-polluted water body, constructing a floating bed of the hybrid wedelia plant, and ensuring that the root system is immersed in the water body;
s4, when the plant is transplanted to 30-40 days, the whole hybrid wedelia chinensis is removed from the plant floating bed;
and S5, repeating the steps 1-4, and realizing the restoration of the cadmium polluted water body.
6. The method for treating the cadmium-polluted water body as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cadmium content in the cadmium-polluted water body is not more than 200 μmol/L.
7. The method for treating the cadmium-polluted water body as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3 is: transplanting and planting the cultivated hybrid wedelia chinensis to a planting bed with the concentration of 200 mu mol/L polluted water body, constructing and fixing the floating bed of the hybrid wedelia chinensis plant, ensuring that the root system is completely immersed in the water body, ensuring the distance between the adjacent floating beds to be 100cm-150cm, and ensuring that the root system of the hybrid wedelia chinensis has sufficient oxygen supply.
8. The method for treating the cadmium-polluted water body as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S4 further comprises subjecting the removed hybrid wedeloflower to a harmless treatment.
9. The method for treating the cadmium-polluted water body as claimed in claim 8, wherein the harmless treatment is incineration or compression and then harmless landfill.
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| CN103990647A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-20 | 华南师范大学 | Method of enhancing cadmium absorption of black nightshade from soil by utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| CN107081129A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-22 | 广州大学 | A kind of charcoal and preparation method and application |
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| CN103990647A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-20 | 华南师范大学 | Method of enhancing cadmium absorption of black nightshade from soil by utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| CN107081129A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-22 | 广州大学 | A kind of charcoal and preparation method and application |
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| 三裂叶蟛蜞菊_蟛蜞菊及其杂交种对模拟极端高温的生理生态响应;宋莉英;《生态环境学报》;20170218;全文 * |
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