CN108165197B - 一种光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108165197B CN108165197B CN201711449599.7A CN201711449599A CN108165197B CN 108165197 B CN108165197 B CN 108165197B CN 201711449599 A CN201711449599 A CN 201711449599A CN 108165197 B CN108165197 B CN 108165197B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带及制备方法,阻水修补胶带包括空气面基膜层、中间阻水胶粘层和离型膜层。其中空气面基膜层是由聚酯薄膜或聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜外表面的氟碳涂层或聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层组成,起到绝缘、耐候等保护作用。而中间阻水胶粘层是以烯烃聚合物为基料混炼后经螺杆挤出机挤出得到的阻水胶粘层,具有良好的粘结性能和优秀的阻水性能,水汽透过率低于1g/m2day。本发明同时也公开了阻水修补胶带的制备方法,所制得的胶带具有优良的绝缘性、阻水性、耐候性和粘结性,而且便于施工。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胶带及制备方法,尤其涉及一种光伏组件背板用修补胶带及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着光伏行业的发展,光伏技术的应用越来越多样化、大众化和差异化。从大型地面电站发展到现在星罗棋布的分布式电站,人们可以很直观地观察到太阳能电池板的实况。而光伏电站所用的光伏组件必须具有较长的户外使用寿命,位于光伏组件背面的太阳能背板对电池片起到保护和支撑的作用,必须具有可靠的电气绝缘线、阻水性和耐候性。
而绝大部分的太阳能背板都是含氟或非氟聚合物背板,经过一段时间的户外使用,这些太阳能背板可能会出现粉化、开裂、发黄、受风沙磨损减薄和脱层等失效情况,从而导致光伏组件功率损失或不能正常运行,甚或有漏电起火等危险。此外,还有部分是玻璃背板,在一些双玻组件的使用中,可能出现玻璃背板的钢化度不足,在户外受温度变化或外力冲击时玻璃出现裂纹,严重的可能出现爆裂等情况。如果这些可能的失效发生在分布式电站,则可能导致严重的后果,因为这些是直接和经营使用者的生命财产相关的。然而,目前对于这些太阳能背板可能出现的失效情况并没有有效的处理方式,除了进行光伏组件的替代,而替代的太阳能背板要进行有效回收是比较困难的并且伴随着比较大的环境污染。因此,需要一种可以修补这些出现失效情况的太阳能背板的修补胶带,既可以起到修补的作用,而且还具有太阳能背板的特性,从而保证这些光伏组件在剩余的户外使用期限内能继续正常运作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种光伏组件背板用修补胶带及制备方法。本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:一种光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,它由空气面基膜层、中间阻水胶粘层和离型膜层依次粘结组成;所述的空气面基膜层为聚酯薄膜,或者由聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜外表面的氟碳涂层组成,或者由聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层组成;所述的中间阻水胶粘层是以烯烃聚合物为基料混炼后经螺杆挤出机挤出得到的阻水胶粘层。
进一步地,所述的阻水修补胶带厚度为170-400um;优选为250-350um;所述的空气面基膜层厚度为50-350um,优选为100-250um。
进一步地,所述的聚酯薄膜选自聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯薄膜;所述的聚酯薄膜厚度在50-290um,优选为100-200um。
进一步地,所述的氟碳涂层是由氟碳树脂、助剂、无机填料、有机溶剂、催化剂、固化剂按照质量比100:1-5:30-70:20-50:0.1-2:5-25混合后涂覆而成;所述的氟碳涂层厚度在3-28um。
进一步地,所述的氟碳树脂由聚偏氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟化丙烯共聚体、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚体、乙烯/三氯氟乙烯共聚体、四氟乙烯/过氟化乙烯共聚体、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物的一种或几种按任意配比混合组成。所述的助剂是由分散剂、流平剂、偶联剂、消泡剂、紫外吸收剂、光稳定剂及抗氧剂的一种或几种按任意配比混合组成。所述的无机填料是由滑石粉、煅烧高岭土、蒙脱土、云母粉、钛白粉、氧化锌、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、硅酸镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、抗划粉、玻璃纤维粉、陶瓷微珠、碳化硅、炭黑及白炭黑的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的无机填料的粒径在0.3-25um。所述的有机溶剂由甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、丁酮、乙酰丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、乙醇、异丙醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的催化剂是有机锡类的催化剂。所述的固化剂由甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体、甲苯二异氰酸酯预聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯缩二脲、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯预聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷甲醇物、甲苯二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷加成物、甲苯二异氰酸酯-二元醇加成物的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述的热风烘干固化的温度在120-200℃。所述的分散剂由含颜料亲和基团的嵌段共聚物类分散剂、含酸性基团共聚物类分散剂、丙烯酸嵌段共聚物类分散剂、高度枝化结构的聚酯类分散剂、羟基官能团羧酸酯类分散剂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的流平剂由聚丙烯酸酯流平剂、氟碳改性聚丙烯酸酯流平剂、氟素表面活性剂、聚酯流平剂、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷流平剂、芳烷基改性聚硅氧烷流平剂、聚酯改性聚硅氧烷流平剂、反应型聚硅氧烷流平剂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的偶联剂由乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、双(二辛氧基焦磷酸酯基)乙撑钛酸酯、植物酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、焦磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、复合磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸脂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的消泡剂由乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙醇胺醚、聚氧丙烯甘油醚和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的紫外吸收剂由2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔苯基)-5-氯化苯并三唑、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-[4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]-5-辛氧基酚、2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2)-5-正己烷氧基苯酚、2-(2-羟基-3-特丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3,5-二特戊基苯基)苯并三唑等的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的光稳定剂由双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-癸二酸酯/单(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯复配物、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、聚{[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-[(2,2,6,6,-四甲基-哌啶基)亚氨、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶硬脂酸酯、聚丁二酸(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇)酯、N-(2-乙氧基苯基)-N’-(4-乙基苯基)乙二酰胺、N-(4-苯甲酸乙酯)-N’,N’-(甲基,苯基)甲脒的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的抗氧剂由四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯、,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、4,4’-二异丙苯基二苯胺、β-十二烷基硫代丙酸季戊四醇酯、三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二磷酸酯、3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、4,4’-对开异丙基二苯基C12-15-醇亚磷酸酯的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述的阻水胶粘层主要由烯烃聚合物、偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物、增粘树脂、补强填料、惰性填料、干燥剂及抗氧剂按照质量比100:5-30:5-25:10-20:20-40:5-10:0.1-0.5捏合混炼后,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到,所述阻水胶粘层的厚度为80um-300um,优选为100-250um。
进一步地,所述的烯烃聚合物由聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚异丁烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚丁烯、异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯共聚物、茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物中的一种或几种按任意比例混合得到。所述的烯烃聚合物的数均分子量在10000-120000。所述的偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物是由偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物。所述的偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物的数均分子量在1000-400000。所述的偶联剂由N-β-(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、双(二辛氧基焦磷酸酯基)乙撑钛酸酯、植物酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、焦磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、复合磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸脂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的增粘树脂由松香树脂、松香衍生物树脂、萜烯树脂、C5石油树脂、C9石油树脂、二环戊二烯树脂、古马隆-茚树脂、苯乙烯系列树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的补强填料由炭黑、白炭黑的一种或两种按任意比例混合组成。所述的炭黑的平均粒径在10-100nm;所述的白炭黑平均粒径在5-80nm。所述的惰性填料是由滑石粉、煅烧高岭土、蒙脱土、云母粉、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、硅酸镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、抗划粉、玻璃纤维粉的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的干燥剂由无水氯化钙、无水硫酸镁、无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸钙、蒙脱石、3A分子筛、4A分子筛、5A分子筛的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。所述的抗氧剂由四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯、,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、4,4’-二异丙苯基二苯胺、β-十二烷基硫代丙酸季戊四醇酯、三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二磷酸酯、3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、4,4’-对开异丙基二苯基C12-15-醇亚磷酸酯的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述的离型膜层选自玻璃纸、格瓦拉离型纸、PET离型膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、CCK离型纸。所述的离型膜层的厚度为20-60um。
一种上述光伏组件背板用修补胶带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在聚酯薄膜上不涂覆氟碳涂层,或者在聚酯薄膜的外表面涂覆氟碳涂层,或者在聚酯薄膜的两个表面均涂覆氟碳涂层,制备得到空气面基膜层;所述氟碳涂层由氟碳树脂、助剂、无机填料、有机溶剂、催化剂、固化剂按照质量比100:1-5:30-70:20-50:0.1-2:5-25混合得到氟碳涂料,氟碳涂料经喷涂、刮涂或流延涂布方式涂覆在聚酯薄膜上,再经热风烘干固化而成;
(2)将烯烃聚合物、偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物、增粘树脂、补强填料、惰性填料、干燥剂和抗氧剂按照质量比100:5-30:5-25:10-20:20-40:5-10:0.1-0.5取材,将烯烃聚合物、补强填料、惰性填料、干燥剂和抗氧剂加入捏合机,将温度升高到145℃,捏合45min;然后再加入偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物,继续捏合30min;最后加入增粘树脂,继续捏合30min,得到均匀的阻水胶粘料;将阻水胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,由机头挤出得到阻水胶粘层;所述螺杆挤出机的螺杆温度为130℃、150℃、170℃、185℃、185℃、185℃,模头温度为205℃、200℃、200℃、200℃、200℃、205℃;
(3)在步骤2制备的阻水胶粘层的两侧分别贴合离型膜层和步骤(1)制备的空气面基膜层,辊压冷却定型,切边收卷,即得光伏组件背板用修补胶带。
本发明具有以下技术效果:
1、本发明针对现有太阳能背板可能出现的失效情况提供了一种修补的解决方案,修补后的光伏组件背板面外观可以接近未失效时所用背板,而且本发明的修补胶带使用方便,便于贴服,有利于快速施工。
2、本发明的修补胶带具有很低的水汽透过率,因为所用的中间阻水胶粘层是一种阻水性很强的材料,而且所贴合的空气面基膜层水汽透过率也较低。同时该修补胶带的粘结强度较大,贴合后不易脱落;经老化过后粘结强度会有所增大,外观仍然完好。此外,本发明的修补胶带所用的中间阻水胶粘层的厚度较厚,对太阳能背板的开裂失效加剧可能有一定的延缓保护作用。
3、本发明的修补胶带空气面基膜层使用耐候的氟碳涂层,在户外使用过程中,能够提高修补胶带的耐紫外、耐黄变等性能,具有长效性。另外,本发明的修补胶带主体是绝缘性较好的空气面基膜层和中间阻水胶粘层,从而可以保证修补后的光伏组件的绝缘性能。
4、本发明的应用不限于光伏组件中可能失效的太阳能背板的修补,还可以对建筑物外墙或屋顶的裂缝等进行应急修补。
附图说明
图1为实施例1-3的结构示意图;
图2为实施例4-6的结构示意图;
图3为实施例7-10的结构示意图;
图中:1为离型膜层,2为阻水胶粘层,3为聚酯薄膜,4为氟碳涂层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
首先准备50um的白色聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜作为空气面基膜层和20um的聚丙烯薄膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:5:5:10:20:5:0.1的配比准备聚丁烯、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、萜烯树脂、炭黑、滑石粉、无水氯化钙和四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在100um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例2
首先准备160um的白色聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯薄膜作为空气面基膜层和50微米的格瓦拉离型纸作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:20:15:30:10:0.4的配比准备聚异丁烯、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性的异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯共聚物、松香树脂、白炭黑、蒙脱土、无水硫酸化钙和双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在150um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例3
首先准备250um的白色聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜作为空气面基膜层和36微米的格瓦拉离型纸作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:25:25:20:40:10:0.5的配比准备聚异丁烯、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性的异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯共聚物、松香树脂、白炭黑、蒙脱土、无水硫酸化钙和双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在100um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例4
先在110um的聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯薄膜外表面涂覆一层20um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由乙烯/三氯氟乙烯共聚体、常用助剂、钛白粉、甲苯、有机锡类催化剂、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2.5:30:40:0.5:15的质量份配制而成;将该聚酯薄膜及形成在所述聚酯薄膜外表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备30微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、C5石油树脂、炭黑、云母粉、3A分子筛和3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在230um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例5
先在60um的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯薄膜外表面涂覆一层10um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、陶瓷微珠、乙酸丁酯、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷甲醇物按照100:1:40:50:2:25的质量份配制而成;将该聚酯薄膜及形成在所述聚酯薄膜外表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备30微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物/聚异丁烯(质量比2/1)、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、C5石油树脂、炭黑、云母粉、3A分子筛和3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在120um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例6
先在220um的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯薄膜表面外涂覆一层15um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、陶瓷微珠、乙酸丁酯、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2:60:50:1:5的质量份配制而成;将该聚酯薄膜及形成在所述聚酯薄膜外表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备30微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、C5石油树脂、炭黑/白炭黑(质量比1/1)、云母粉、3A分子筛和3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在100um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例7
先在180um的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯薄膜外表面涂覆一层15um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、煅烧高岭土、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2.5:30:40:0.5:15的质量份配制而成;再在该薄膜内表面涂覆一层3um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、陶瓷微珠、乙酸丁酯、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2:60:50:1:5的质量份配制而成。将该聚酯薄膜及形成在所述聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备30微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、C9石油树脂、炭黑、滑石粉、5A分子筛和3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在150um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例8
先在100um的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜外表面涂覆一层28um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、钛白粉/煅烧高岭土(质量比2/1)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2.5:30:40:0.5:15的质量份配制而成;再在该薄膜内表面涂覆一层10um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由由聚三氟氯乙烯、常用助剂、硅酸镁、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、有机锡类催化剂、甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:4:35:45:1.5:11.5的质量份配制而成。将该聚酯薄膜及形成在所述聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备24微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备聚异丁烯、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、松香衍生物树脂、炭黑、滑石粉、4A分子筛和3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在205um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例9
先在130um的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜外表面涂覆一层18um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、煅烧高岭土、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2.5:30:40:0.5:15的质量份配制而成;再在该薄膜内表面涂覆一层6um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由由聚四氟乙烯、常用助剂、抗划粉、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、有机锡类催化剂、甲苯二异氰酸酯-二元醇加成物按照100:3:35:35:1.25:14.5的质量份配制而成。将该聚酯薄膜及形成在所述聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备30微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备聚异丁烯、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物、松香衍生物树脂、白炭黑、滑石粉、蒙脱石和3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在165um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
实施例10
先在100um的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜外表面涂覆一层17um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、常用助剂、煅烧高岭土、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、有机锡类催化剂、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体按照100:2.5:30:40:0.5:15的质量份配制而成;再在该薄膜内表面涂覆一层6um厚的氟碳涂层,该涂层由由聚四氟乙烯、常用助剂、抗划粉、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、有机锡类催化剂、甲苯二异氰酸酯-二元醇加成物按照100:3:35:35:1.25:14.5的质量份配制而成。将该聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层作为空气面基膜层和另准备30微米的PET离型膜作为离型膜层。然后按照质量份100:15:15:15:30:7.5:0.25的配比准备聚异丁烯、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性的异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、C9石油树脂、炭黑、滑石粉、4A分子筛和3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,通过上述中间阻水胶粘层的捏合制备方法制得均匀的胶粘料。再将制备的均匀的胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,在上述的螺杆挤出机加工温度下挤出,控制挤出层厚度在128um,再与基膜层和离型膜两面贴合,经过辊压冷却定型,切边收卷得到。
测试方法
1.剥离强度
测试方法参照标准GB/T2790《胶粘剂180°剥离强度试验方法挠性材料对刚性材料》。
制样尺寸:200mm*15mm。
样品制备:撕去裁好样品的离型膜层,贴合在板材上即可。
2.黄变指数
试验前、后对试样黄变指数(ΔYI)按国标GB 2409《塑料黄色指数试验方法》测定。
3.水汽透过率
测试方法参照标准ASTM F1249《用调制红外线传感器测定塑料膜和薄板水蒸汽透过性的试验方法》。
试验条件:38℃,相对湿度100%。
4.耐候试验
试验方法参照标准GB/T2423.3《高低温湿热试验方法》。试验条件:85±2℃,相对湿度85±2%,老化2000h后进行相应的剥离强度和黄变指数测定,及外观无起泡开裂等观察。
表1:性能测试结果
由表1可以发现本发明的实施例样品具有很低的水汽透过率、良好的剥离性能,而且老化的黄变变化很小、外观正常。虽然初始测得的剥离强度不是特别大,但是老化后的剥离强度有增加,说明本发明的修补胶带在户外使用一段时间后,其剥离强度会表现得更好;而且初始剥离强度不是特别大也有利于胶带贴合过程中如果出现不平整、歪斜或外观皱等问题时胶带的再行撕下及重新贴合。
上述实施例仅为本发明较优的实施例,不能以此来限定本发明的保护范围。本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性改变或替换均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (14)
1.一种光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:它由空气面基膜层、中间阻水胶粘层和离型膜层依次粘结组成;所述的空气面基膜层为聚酯薄膜,或者由聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜外表面的氟碳涂层组成,或者由聚酯薄膜及形成在该聚酯薄膜两表面的氟碳涂层组成;所述的中间阻水胶粘层是以烯烃聚合物为基料混炼后经螺杆挤出机挤出得到的阻水胶粘层;
所述的阻水胶粘层由烯烃聚合物、偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物、增粘树脂、补强填料、惰性填料、干燥剂及抗氧剂按照质量比100:5-30:5-25:10-20:20-40:5-10:0.1-0.5捏合混炼后,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的阻水修补胶带厚度为170-400um;所述的空气面基膜层厚度为50-350um。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的阻水修补胶带厚度为250-350um;所述的空气面基膜层厚度为100-250um。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的聚酯薄膜选自聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯薄膜;所述的聚酯薄膜厚度在50-290um。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的聚酯薄膜厚度为100-200um。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的氟碳涂层是由氟碳树脂、助剂、无机填料、有机溶剂、催化剂、固化剂按照质量比100:1-5:30-70:20-50:0.1-2:5-25混合后涂覆而成;所述的氟碳涂层厚度在3-28um。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的氟碳树脂由聚偏氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟化丙烯共聚体、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚体、乙烯/三氯氟乙烯共聚体、四氟乙烯/过氟化乙烯共聚体、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物的一种或几种按任意配比混合组成;所述的助剂是由分散剂、流平剂、偶联剂、消泡剂、紫外吸收剂、光稳定剂及抗氧剂的一种或几种按任意配比混合组成;所述的无机填料是由滑石粉、煅烧高岭土、蒙脱土、云母粉、钛白粉、氧化锌、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、硅酸镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、抗划粉、玻璃纤维粉、陶瓷微珠、碳化硅、炭黑及白炭黑的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的无机填料的粒径在0.3-25um;所述的有机溶剂由甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、丁酮、乙酰丙酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、乙醇、异丙醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的催化剂是有机锡类的催化剂;所述的固化剂由甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯缩二脲、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷甲醇物、甲苯二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷加成物、甲苯二异氰酸酯-二元醇加成物的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的分散剂由含颜料亲和基团的嵌段共聚物类分散剂、含酸性基团共聚物类分散剂、丙烯酸嵌段共聚物类分散剂、高度枝化结构的聚酯类分散剂、羟基官能团羧酸酯类分散剂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的流平剂由聚丙烯酸酯流平剂、氟碳改性聚丙烯酸酯流平剂、氟素表面活性剂、聚酯流平剂、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷流平剂、芳烷基改性聚硅氧烷流平剂、聚酯改性聚硅氧烷流平剂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的偶联剂由乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、双(二辛氧基焦磷酸酯基)乙撑钛酸酯、植物酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、焦磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、复合磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸脂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的消泡剂由乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙醇胺醚、聚氧丙烯甘油醚和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的紫外吸收剂由2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔苯基)-5-氯化苯并三唑、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-[4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]-5-辛氧基酚、2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2)-5-正己烷氧基苯酚、2-(2-羟基-3-特丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3,5-二特戊基苯基)苯并三唑的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的光稳定剂由双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-癸二酸酯/单(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯复配物、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、聚{[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-[(2,2,6,6,-四甲基-哌啶基)亚氨、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶硬脂酸酯、聚丁二酸(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇)酯、N-(2-乙氧基苯基)-N’-(4-乙基苯基)乙二酰胺、N-(4-苯甲酸乙酯)-N’,N’-(甲基,苯基)甲脒的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的抗氧剂由四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯、,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、4,4’-二异丙苯基二苯胺、β-十二烷基硫代丙酸季戊四醇酯、三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二磷酸酯、3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、4,4’-对开异丙基二苯基C12-15-醇亚磷酸酯的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
9.根据权利要求书1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述阻水胶粘层的厚度为80um-300um。
10.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述阻水胶粘层的厚度为100-250um。
11.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的烯烃聚合物由聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚异丁烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚丁烯、异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯共聚物、茂金属催化的乙烯基共聚物中的一种或几种按任意比例混合得到;所述的烯烃聚合物的数均分子量在10000-120000;所述的偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物是由偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物;所述的偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物的数均分子量在1000-400000;所述的偶联剂由N-β-(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、双(二辛氧基焦磷酸酯基)乙撑钛酸酯、植物酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、焦磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸酯、复合磷酸型单烷氧基类钛酸脂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的增粘树脂由松香树脂、松香衍生物树脂、萜烯树脂、C5石油树脂、C9石油树脂、二环戊二烯树脂、古马隆-茚树脂、苯乙烯系列树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的补强填料由炭黑、白炭黑的一种或两种按任意比例混合组成;所述的炭黑的平均粒径在10-100nm;所述的白炭黑平均粒径在5-80nm;所述的惰性填料是由滑石粉、煅烧高岭土、蒙脱土、云母粉、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、硅酸镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、抗划粉、玻璃纤维粉的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的干燥剂由无水氯化钙、无水硫酸镁、无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸钙、蒙脱石、3A分子筛、4A分子筛、5A分子筛的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成;所述的抗氧剂由四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯、,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、4,4’-二异丙苯基二苯胺、β-十二烷基硫代丙酸季戊四醇酯、三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二磷酸酯、3,9-双十八烷氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧-3,9-二磷螺环[5.5]十一烷、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、4,4’-对开异丙基二苯基C12-15-醇亚磷酸酯的一种或几种按任意比例混合组成。
12.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件背板用阻水修补胶带,其特征在于:所述的离型膜层选自玻璃纸、格瓦拉离型纸、PET离型膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、CCK离型纸;所述的离型膜层的厚度为20-60um。
13.一种权利要求1-12中任一项权利要求所述的光伏组件背板用阻水 修补胶带的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)在聚酯薄膜上不涂覆氟碳涂层,或者在聚酯薄膜的外表面涂覆氟碳涂层,或者在聚酯薄膜的两个表面均涂覆氟碳涂层,制备得到空气面基膜层;所述氟碳涂层由氟碳树脂、助剂、无机填料、有机溶剂、催化剂、固化剂按照质量比100:1-5:30-70:20-50:0.1-2:5-25混合得到氟碳涂料,氟碳涂料经喷涂、刮涂或流延涂布方式涂覆在聚酯薄膜上,再经热风烘干固化而成;
(2)将烯烃聚合物、偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物、增粘树脂、补强填料、惰性填料、干燥剂和抗氧剂按照质量比100:5-30:5-25:10-20:20-40:5-10:0.1-0.5取材,将烯烃聚合物、补强填料、惰性填料、干燥剂和抗氧剂加入捏合机,将温度升高到145℃,捏合45min;然后再加入偶联剂改性的烯烃聚合物,继续捏合30min;最后加入增粘树脂,继续捏合30min,得到均匀的阻水胶粘料;将阻水胶粘料加入螺杆挤出机,由机头挤出得到阻水胶粘层;所述螺杆挤出机的螺杆温度为130℃、150℃、170℃、185℃、185℃、185℃,模头温度为205℃、200℃、200℃、200℃、200℃、205℃;
(3)在步骤(2)制备的阻水胶粘层的两侧分别贴合离型膜层和步骤(1)制备的空气面基膜层,辊压冷却定型,切边收卷,即得光伏组件背板用阻水 修补胶带。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光伏组件背板用阻水 修补胶带的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的热风烘干固化的温度在120-200℃。
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CN106893510A (zh) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-27 | 苏州赛伍应用技术有限公司 | 一种光伏组件背板用高性能修补胶带的制备方法 |
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