CN108163934A - 一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统及方法,系统包括原水箱、NaCl加药装置、电源、电解槽;以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为进水置于原水箱内,进水在原水箱内加热混合均匀后,通过进水计量泵输送至电解槽内;电解槽入口处设置有NaCl加药装置,用于按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;电解槽内装填有颗粒活性炭填料,颗粒活性炭填料内固定设置有阳极和阴极;电解槽中间设置有隔膜,用于将阳极和阴极分隔开来;阳极采用经过氧化钌涂层处理过的钛棒,阴极采用铑电极;阳极和阴极分别与电源的正负极相连接。本发明反应速度快、脱氮效率高、加药量小、无二次污染、工艺简单、容易操作、占地面积小。硝酸盐氮去除率可达到80%以上,总氮去除率可达到65%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域,涉及一种脱氮的系统及方法,具体涉及一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统及方法。
背景技术
随着社会工业的发展,水体氮污染日趋严重,氮污染引起的主要危害有:干扰水体正常的溶解氧平衡;加速富营养化过程;对人和生物产生毒害作用等。氮以有机氮和无机氮两种形态存在于水体中,有机氮有蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸和尿素等,它们经微生物分解后转为无机氮,水中无机氮指氨氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮。各种形态氮的相对含量,根据污水的性质而有所不同。
目前,污水脱氮常用的工艺有:物理吹脱法、电渗析和反渗透法、化学混凝法、化学电解法、离子交换法、生物硝化反硝化法等,吹脱法处理时PH过高易产生水垢,游离氨逸散造成二次污染;电渗析法和反渗透法虽然脱氮效果好,但对水质要求高,处理成本高,较少使用;混凝法产生的污泥量较大,脱氮效果不理想,一般不单独采用;离子交换法脱氮成本高、不经济,还存在再生液处理等问题;生物硝化反硝化法虽然技术成熟稳定,但存在停留时间长、碳源不足的问题,且部分工业废水中含有的重金属、有毒有害的有机污染物会对反硝化菌种的生长有一定影响,从而影响脱氮效率。而化学电解法凭借操作易、效率高等优势成为该领域的研究热点。
采用化学电解法脱氮是在外加直流电压条件下,将电流通过污水水体,在阴极和阳极上发生氧化还原反应,将污水中硝酸盐氮最终转化为N2的过程。传统的化学电解法存在能耗大、电流效率低、成本高及易发生析氧、析氢副反应等问题。
基于传统化学电解脱氮法,通过调整合适的电源条件、筛选催化活性较好的电极、选取合适的填料、调整进水含盐量、合理控制电解反应时间等因素,可形成一套脱氮效率高、能耗低、反应快速、比传统电解法更具有优势的电解脱氮系统。
发明内容
为了解决传统化学电解脱氮法工艺中存在的技术问题,本发明提供了一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统及方法。
本发明的系统所采用的技术方案是:一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:包括原水箱、NaCl加药装置、电源、电解槽;
以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为系统进水置于所述的原水箱内,进水在所述原水箱内加热混合均匀后,通过进水计量泵输送至所述电解槽内;所述电解槽入口处设置有所述NaCl加药装置,用于按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;
所述电解槽两端分别设置有进水口和出水口,底部设置有排水口;所述电解槽内装填有颗粒活性炭填料,所述颗粒活性炭填料内固定设置有阳极和阴极;所述电解槽中间设置有隔膜,用于将所述阳极和阴极分隔开来;所述阳极采用经过氧化钌涂层处理过的钛棒,所述阴极采用铑电极;所述阳极和所述阴极分别与所述电源的正负极相连接。
本发明的方法所采用的技术方案是:一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为系统进水置于所述的原水箱内,废水装填容积为100~150L,其中NO3 -离子含量为50~100mg/L,开启加热器和浆式搅拌器,加热混合均匀后开启进水计量泵,将进水输送至所述电解槽内;
步骤2:开启NaCl加药装置,按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;
步骤3:开启电源,原水流经颗粒活性炭填料,颗粒活性炭之间会形成微小的电解池,原水在所述的电解槽内发生电解反应,NO3 --N被还原为NH4 +离子和N2,实现硝酸盐氮的去除,同时,Cl-被氧化生成强氧化物质HClO,进一步将水中的NH4 +离子氧化成N2,实现总氮的去除;
步骤4:处理后的污水通过出水蠕动泵排出系统。
与传统的脱氮法相比,本发明的有益成果是:
(1)采用催化活性非常高的铑电极作为阴极,比常用的金属电极(如钯Pd和铂Pt)催化效果更好,更有利于电极与污水之间催化氧化还原反应的发生,较大程度上提高了硝酸盐氮的去除率;
(2)进水处设置了NaCl投加系统,增加了原水氯离子含量,在电场作用下产生强氧化物质HClO,可将污水中已被还原的部分NH4 +离子重新氧化为N2从水中脱除,提高了总氮去除率;
(3)电解槽内装填了大量颗粒活性炭填料,可形成微小的电解池,有利于提高电流效率,颗粒表面还会电解产生CO2溶于水,对电解反应槽内部起到缓冲作用;
(4)该工艺无需添加其他的氧化还原药剂,避免引起二次污染,具备能量效率高、反应条件温和、设备占地面积小等优点。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例的系统结构图。
图中,1.原水箱,2.浆式搅拌器,3.投入式加热器,4.进水计量泵,5.NaCl药液桶,6.NaCl蠕动泵,7.阳极,8.阴极,9.石棉绒隔膜,10.温度计,11.电解槽,12.支架,13.颗粒活性炭填料,14.排水口,15.出水蠕动泵,16.稳压直流电源。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域普通技术人员理解和实施本发明,下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述,应当理解,此处所描述的实施示例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
请见图1,本发明提供的一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:包括原水箱1、NaCl加药装置、稳压直流电源16、电解槽11;以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为系统进水置于原水箱1内,其中NO3 -离子含量为50~100mg/L;进水在原水箱1内加热混合均匀后,通过进水计量泵4输送至电解槽11内;电解槽11入口处设置有NaCl加药装置,用于按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;电解槽11两端分别设置有进水口和出水口,底部设置有排水口14;电解槽11内装填有颗粒活性炭填料13,颗粒活性炭填料13内固定设置有阳极7和阴极8;电解槽11中间设置有石棉绒隔膜9,用于将阳极7和阴极8分隔开来;阳极7采用经过氧化钌涂层处理过的钛棒,阴极8采用铑电极;阳极7和阴极8分别与稳压直流电源16的正负极相连接。
本实施例的原水箱1采用PE材质,有效容积200L,其内设置有浆式搅拌器2和投入式加热器3;投入式加热器3直接放置于原水箱1底部,提升系统进水温度至25-35℃之间;浆式搅拌器2采用支架固定于的原水箱1的顶部,使浆叶位于液面以下。
本实施例的电解槽11长、宽、高分别为35cm、20cm、30cm,材质为有机玻璃,电解槽11距底部5cm处设置有支架12,用于固定颗粒活性炭填料13、阳极7和阴极8;颗粒活性炭填料13装填高度为15cm;电解槽11内设有的温度计10。
本实施例的NaCl加药装置包含NaCl药液桶5和蠕动泵6。
本实施例的阳极7和阴极8均为圆柱形,直径0.8cm,长度20cm,通过支架12固定于的颗粒活性炭填料13内,阳极7和阴极8的顶部均浸入液面以下,支架12及连接管阀均为耐腐蚀材质。
本实施例的电源16为国产直流稳压稳流电源,输入电压220V,输出电压0-30V,频率50Hz。
本发明的技术原理为:含有硝酸盐氮的污水进入电解反应槽,在直流电源的作用下,于电极表面发生氧化还原反应,N03 --N在阴极铑电极的催化作用下,受电解体系还原剂H*攻击,逐步还原为NH4 +离子(大部分)和N2(少部分),由于系统中设置了NaCl投加装置,进水中Cl-含量较高,Cl-在阳极(经氧化钌涂层处理过的钛棒)表面失去电子被氧化生成Cl2,溶于水生成强氧化物质HClO,可将水中剩余的NH4 +离子继续氧化为N2,从而大大的提高了脱氮效率。同时,电解槽内装填了大量颗粒活性炭填料,可形成微小的电解池,有利于提高电流效率,一定程度上促进了氧化还原反应的发生并降低了运行电耗。
本发明的具体实现包括以下步骤:
步骤1:以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为系统进水置于所述的原水箱内,废水装填容积为100~150L,其中NO3 -离子含量为50~100mg/L,开启加热器和浆式搅拌器,加热混合均匀后开启进水计量泵,将进水输送至所述电解槽11内;
步骤2:开启NaCl加药装置,按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;
步骤3:开启直流电源,电压设定为30V,原水流经所述的颗粒活性炭填料,所述的颗粒活性炭之间会形成微小的电解池,有利于提高电流效率,原水在所述的电解槽内发生电解反应,NO3 --N被还原为NH4 +离子和N2,实现硝酸盐氮的去除,同时,Cl-被氧化生成强氧化物质HClO,进一步将水中的NH4 +离子氧化成N2,实现总氮的去除;
步骤4:经过1.5~2.0h的电解反应,大部分硝酸盐氮及总氮被去除,处理后的污水通过出水蠕动泵排出系统。
本实施例中,颗粒活性炭填料13使用前必须进行预处理以确保最佳的使用效果,所述的预处理工艺为:取500g颗粒活性炭至于1L烧杯内加入10%HCl溶液300mL,加热煮沸10min并超声处理30min,倒掉废液以去离子水冲洗3次;加入10%NaOH溶液300mL并超声处理30min,倒掉废液以去离子水冲洗3次;加入去离子水300mL并超声处理30min,重复最后1个步骤直至烧杯中上层液体无明显悬浮物,将颗粒活性炭取出于烘箱内100℃烘干待用。
本实施例的系统进水温度控制在25-35℃之间,进水计量泵4流量设定为10.0-12.0L/h,NaCl配制浓度为1%,蠕动泵6流量设定为100~150mL/h,投加的NaCl与进水硝酸盐氮的含量比设定为2:1~3:1;电解槽11内运行时电流密度设置为8~10mA/cm2,电解反应时间为1.5~2.0h。
经采用铑电极进行电解脱氮处理后的含氮废水对于硝酸盐氮的去除率可达到90%以上。
尽管本说明书较多地使用了原水箱1、浆式搅拌器2、投入式加热器3、进水计量泵4、NaCl药液桶5、NaCl蠕动泵6、阳极7、阴极8、石棉绒隔膜9、温度计10、电解槽11、支架12、颗粒活性炭填料13、排水口14、出水蠕动泵15、稳压直流电源16等术语,但并不排除使用其他术语的可能性。使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便的描述本发明的本质,把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的。
应当理解的是,本说明书未详细阐述的部分均属于现有技术。
应当理解的是,上述针对较佳实施例的描述较为详细,并不能因此而认为是对本发明专利保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可以做出替换或变形,均落入本发明的保护范围之内,本发明的请求保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:包括原水箱(1)、NaCl加药装置、电源(16)、电解槽(11);
以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为系统进水置于所述的原水箱(1)内,进水在所述原水箱(1)内加热混合均匀后,通过进水计量泵(4)输送至所述电解槽(11)内;所述电解槽(11)入口处设置有所述NaCl加药装置,用于按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;
所述电解槽(11)两端分别设置有进水口和出水口,底部设置有排水口(14);所述电解槽(11)内装填有颗粒活性炭填料(13),所述颗粒活性炭填料(13)内固定设置有阳极(7)和阴极(8);所述电解槽(11)中间设置有隔膜(9),用于将所述阳极(7)和阴极(8)分隔开来;所述阳极(7)采用经过氧化钌涂层处理过的钛棒,所述阴极(8)采用铑电极;所述阳极(7)和所述阴极(8)分别与所述电源(16)的正负极相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:所述原水箱(1)采用PE材质,有效容积200L,其内设置有搅拌器(2)和加热器(3);所述加热器(3)直接放置于所述原水箱(1)底部,提升系统进水温度至25-35℃之间;所述搅拌器(2)采用支架固定于所述的原水箱(1)的顶部,使浆叶位于液面以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:所述电解槽(11)长、宽、高分别为35cm、20cm、30cm,材质为有机玻璃,所述电解槽(11)距底部5cm处设置有支架(12),用于固定所述颗粒活性炭填料(13)、所述阳极(7)和阴极(8);所述颗粒活性炭填料(13)装填高度为15cm;所述电解槽(11)内设有所述的温度计(10)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:所述NaCl加药装置包含NaCl药液桶(5)和蠕动泵(6)。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的系统,其特征在于:所述阳极(7)和阴极(8)均为圆柱形,直径0.8cm,长度20cm,通过支架(12)固定于所述的颗粒活性炭填料(13)内,所述阳极(7)和阴极(8)的顶部均浸入液面以下,所述支架(12)及连接管阀均为耐腐蚀材质。
6.一种采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:以含有一定硝酸盐浓度的污水作为系统进水置于所述的原水箱(1)内,开启加热器(3)和浆式搅拌器(2),加热混合均匀后开启进水计量泵(4),将进水输送至所述电解槽(11)内;
步骤2:开启NaCl加药装置,按进水比例投加NaCl溶液;
步骤3:开启电源(16),原水流经颗粒活性炭填料(13),颗粒活性炭之间会形成微小的电解池,原水在所述的电解槽(11)内发生电解反应,NO3 --N被还原为NH4 +离子和N2,实现硝酸盐氮的去除,同时,Cl-被氧化生成强氧化物质HClO,进一步将水中的NH4 +离子氧化成N2,实现总氮的去除;
步骤4:处理后的污水通过出水蠕动泵(15)排出系统。
7.根据权利要求6所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的方法,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述进水装填容积为100~150L,其中NO3 -离子含量为50~100mg/L;所述进水计量泵(4)流量设定为10.0-12.0L/h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的方法,其特征在于:步骤2中NaCl配制浓度为1%,蠕动泵(6)流量设定为100~150mL/h,使投加的NaCl与进水硝酸盐氮的含量比设定为2:1~3:1。
9.根据权利要求6所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的方法,其特征在于:步骤3中所述颗粒活性炭填料(13)使用前进行预处理以确保最佳的使用效果,首先取500g颗粒活性炭至于1L烧杯内加入10%HCl溶液300mL,加热煮沸10min并超声处理30min,倒掉废液以去离子水冲洗3次;加入10%NaOH溶液300mL并超声处理30min,倒掉废液以去离子水冲洗3次;加入去离子水300mL并超声处理30min,重复最后1个步骤直至烧杯中上层液体无明显悬浮物,将颗粒活性炭取出于烘箱内100℃烘干。
10.根据权利要求6-9任意一项所述的采用铑电极进行电解脱氮的方法,其特征在于:步骤3中,所述电解槽(11)内运行时电流密度为8~10mA/cm2,电解反应时间为1.5~2.0h。
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