CN108162514A - 一种用于复合板材的三明治网布 - Google Patents

一种用于复合板材的三明治网布 Download PDF

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CN108162514A
CN108162514A CN201810049198.0A CN201810049198A CN108162514A CN 108162514 A CN108162514 A CN 108162514A CN 201810049198 A CN201810049198 A CN 201810049198A CN 108162514 A CN108162514 A CN 108162514A
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cloth
heat resistance
composite board
sandwich screen
spandex fibre
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丁小伟
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Hui'an County Dalin Shoes & Garment Co Ltd
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Hui'an County Dalin Shoes & Garment Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV

Abstract

本发明涉及纺织生产技术领域，提供一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，可以与板材复合，耐高温,有效增强板材的强度及耐冲击力、剪切应力，由表层、底层和连接于二者之间的支撑纱构成；表层、底层和支撑纱以经编方式织成三维立体的三明治网布；所述表层由耐热性氨纶纤维和碳纤维织成相互平行结构；所述底层由耐热性氨纶纤维和涤纶纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱为耐热性氨纶纤维织单丝。

Description

一种用于复合板材的三明治网布
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织生产技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于复合板材的三明治网布。
背景技术
三明治网布是一种双针床经编网布，由网孔表面,支撑纱，平布底面组成，因其立体网布的结构，很像西方的三明治汉堡,故取名为三明治网布。三明治网布因其独特的三维立体结构,使其具有回弹性,可以提供缓冲保护。
复合板材指的是由两种或者两种以上的材料组合而成的板材，以弥补单一的板材无法满足具体的使用需求和条件的缺陷，增强自身的性能，经复合后的板材具有隔热、保温、减震等性能，广泛应用于建筑、机械、制造、民用等领域。因此结合三明治网布的特点，研究出一种能与板材进行复合的三明治网布，具有耐高温性能好，可以有效增强板材的强度及耐冲击力，增强板材的剪切应力,很有商业价值。
专利文件CN201410417639公布了一种耐候性的三层网布及其制备方法，所述三层网布由面纱、底纱和连接于二者之间的支撑纱构成；面纱，底纱和支撑纱以经编方式织成三维立体的耐候性三层网布；所述的面纱由耐候性涤纶复丝和棉纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的底纱由耐候性涤纶复丝和尼龙丝织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱为耐候性涤纶单丝织成。该发明解决了网布的耐候性问题，但对网布应用在复合板材中需要的耐高温,有效增强板材的强度及耐冲击力、剪切应力等性能不足。
氨纶是一种弹性纤维，学名聚氨酯纤维(Polyurethane)，简写(PU)，具有优异的抗张强度、抗撕裂强度；耐紫外线照射能力强；耐化学品强，具有高度弹性，能够拉长6～7倍，但随张力的消失能迅速恢复到初始状态，缺点是耐高温性能较差。
发明内容
因此，针对以上内容，本发明提供一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，可以与板材复合，耐高温,有效增强板材的强度及耐冲击力、剪切应力。
为达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，由表面、底面和连接于二者之间的支撑纱构成；表层、底层和支撑纱以经编方式织成三维立体的三明治网布；所述的表面由耐热性氨纶纤维和碳纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的底面由耐热性氨纶纤维和涤纶纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱为耐热性氨纶纤维织单丝。
三层网布的制造方法的工艺流程主要包括以下步骤：整经、上轴、穿纱、织造、坯布，检查、入库、出仓、配缸、缝头、坯定、精炼(去除腊质)、水洗、脱水、染色、水洗、脱水、定型、成品检验、包装、成品入库。
所述耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法为：
将聚酰亚胺粉末10-20重量份、相容剂5-10重量份、聚氨基甲酸酯切片70-80重量份经高速搅拌机搅拌均匀，置于双螺杆挤出机中，在温度为250～290℃下熔融共混均匀，利用熔融纺丝技术制成耐热性氨纶纤维。
进一步的改进是：所述耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法，螺杆压力为95～105kg/cm2，冷却温度15-25℃。
进一步的改进是：所述的表层和底层均编织网孔，其形状为圆形、正方形、矩形或八边形中的任意一种。
进一步的改进是：所述的耐热性氨纶纤维规格为旦数为40～100旦。D是表示纤维丝粗细的单位。
进一步的改进是：所述底面纵向采用编链组织，横向采用多针距的局部衬纬组织，以确保织物纵横向稳定，即使是在高温情况下不变形、不脱落。
进一步的改进是：所述相容剂为氟改性聚丙烯酸酯或间-异丙烯基-2，2-二甲基苯酰异氰酸酯。
通过采用前述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
1、通过三维经编工艺编织的网布，具有立体的网状结构，结构稳定，具有回弹性,可以为板材提供缓冲保护。
2、所述耐热性氨纶纤维，原材料配方中，聚酰亚胺具有高机械强度和耐高温性(250℃以上)，在相容剂作用下均匀分散在聚氨基甲酸酯中，使共混物同时具有氨纶的高弹性、耐紫外线性和聚酰亚胺的高机械强度、耐高低温特性、阻燃性，适合作为板材复合材料的性能要求。
3、所述表层通过耐热性氨纶纤维与碳纤维织成相互平行结构，具有优异的耐冲击性。
4、底面选用的涤纶纤维，可以增强粘合面的毛型感，增大粘合面纤维与板材的粘合力，使织物复合更牢固。
5、进一步改进的耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法，在所述螺杆压力和冷却温度下，成丝更均匀。
6、进一步改进的网孔形状，有最佳的力学性能，缓冲效果更佳。
7、进一步改进的耐热性氨纶纤维规格为旦数为40～100旦，所编织的三明治网布强度最佳。
8、进一步改进的底面编织组织，尺寸稳定性更佳，与板材结合更牢固。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
若未特别指明，实施例中所采用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段，所采用的试剂和产品也均为可商业获得的。所用试剂的来源、商品名以及有必要列出其组成成分者，均在首次出现时标明。
实施例一
参考图1，一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，由表层1、底层2和连接于二者之间的支撑纱3构成；表层1、底层2和支撑纱3以经编方式织成三维立体的三明治网布，经编比纬编的尺寸稳定性好，不易变形；所述的表层1由耐热性氨纶纤维和碳纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的底层2由涤纶纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱3为耐热性氨纶纤维单丝织成，所述的表层1和底层2均编织网孔，其形状为圆形；所述底层2纵向采用编链组织，横向采用多针距的局部衬纬组织，以确保织物纵横向稳定，即使是在高温情况下不变形、不脱落。所述耐热性氨纶纤维，兼具氨纶的高弹性、耐紫外线性和聚酰亚胺的高机械强度、耐高低温特性、阻燃性，适合作为板材复合材料的性能要求；所述表层通过耐热性氨纶纤维与碳纤维织成相互平行结构，具有优异的耐冲击性；底层选用的涤纶纤维，可以增强粘合面的毛型感，增大粘合面纤维与板材的粘合力，使织物复合更牢固。
三层网布的制造方法的工艺流程主要包括以下步骤：整经、上轴、穿纱、织造、坯布，检查、入库、出仓、配缸、缝头、坯定、精炼(去除腊质)、水洗、脱水、染色、水洗、脱水、定型、成品检验、包装、成品入库。
所述耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法为：
准备聚酰亚胺粉末10重量份、间-异丙烯基-2，2-二甲基苯酰异氰酸酯10重量份、聚氨基甲酸酯切片80重量份，经高速搅拌机搅拌均匀，置于双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混均匀成熔融纺丝体；采用喷丝板组合件，熔融纺丝体从单孔喷丝板组合件的空心针挤出，冷却后形成规格为40旦的单丝纤维。所述双螺杆机挤压的温度为：一区250℃，二区260℃，三区280℃，一至三区为慢慢靠近双螺杆挤出机的头部，螺杆压力为95kg/cm2，冷却温度15℃，可以得到熔融温度达250℃的耐高温纤维。
实施例二
一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，由表层1、底层2和连接于二者之间的支撑纱3构成；表层1，底层2和支撑纱3以经编方式织成三维立体的三明治网布，经编比纬编的尺寸稳定性好，不易变形；所述的表层1由耐热性氨纶纤维和碳纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的底层2由涤纶纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱3为耐热性氨纶纤维单丝织成，所述的表层1和底层2均编织网孔，其形状为正方形。
三层网布的制造方法的工艺流程主要包括以下步骤：整经、上轴、穿纱、织造、坯布，检查、入库、出仓、配缸、缝头、坯定、精炼(去除腊质)、水洗、脱水、染色、水洗、脱水、定型、成品检验、包装、成品入库。
所述耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法为：
准备聚酰亚胺粉末20重量份、氟改性聚丙烯酸酯5重量份、聚氨基甲酸酯切片75重量份，经高速搅拌机搅拌均匀，置于双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混均匀成熔融纺丝体；采用喷丝板组合件，熔融纺丝体从多孔喷丝板组合件的空心针挤出，冷却后形成规格为100旦的复丝纤维。所述双螺杆机挤压的温度为：一区255℃，二区265℃，三区285℃，螺杆压力为100kg/cm2，冷却温度20℃。
实施例三
一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，由表层1、底层2和连接于二者之间的支撑纱3构成；表层1、底层2和支撑纱3以经编方式织成三维立体的三明治网布，经编比纬编的尺寸稳定性好，不易变形；所述的表层1由耐热性氨纶纤维和碳纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的底层2由涤纶纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱3为耐热性氨纶纤维织成单丝，所述的表层1和底层2均编织网孔，其形状为正方形。
三层网布的制造方法的工艺流程主要包括以下步骤：整经、上轴、穿纱、织造、坯布，检查、入库、出仓、配缸、缝头、坯定、精炼(去除腊质)、水洗、脱水、染色、水洗、脱水、定型、成品检验、包装、成品入库。
所述耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法为：
准备聚酰亚胺粉末20重量份、氟改性聚丙烯酸酯10重量份、聚氨基甲酸酯切片70重量份，经高速搅拌机搅拌均匀，置于双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混均匀成熔融纺丝体；采用喷丝板组合件，熔融纺丝体从多孔喷丝板组合件的空心针挤出，冷却后形成规格为75旦的复丝纤维。所述双螺杆机挤压的温度为：一区260℃，二区270℃，三区290℃，螺杆压力为105kg/cm2，冷却温度25℃。
将本发明的三明治网布底面与板材表面在250℃左右复合，可以根据不同的板材选择不同的复合剂涂在板材表面，经复合后的板材强度增加，耐冲击强度提高。在实际生产中，还可以根据板材的应用要求不同，在织造过程中可以调整织物开档，调整织物厚度，以此来改变复合板材的剪切应力，增强抗弯曲强度，复合后的板材广泛应用于机械制造、军工、民用建筑等行业。
以上所记载，仅为利用本创作技术内容的实施例，任何熟悉本项技艺者运用本创作所做的修饰、变化，皆属本创作主张的专利范围，而不限于实施例所揭示者。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，其特征在于：由表层、底层和连接于二者之间的支撑纱构成；表层、底层和支撑纱以经编方式织成三维立体的三明治网布；所述表层由耐热性氨纶纤维和碳纤维织成相互平行结构；所述底层由耐热性氨纶纤维和涤纶纤维织成相互平行结构；所述的支撑纱为耐热性氨纶纤维织单丝；
所述耐热性氨纶纤维的制备方法为：将聚酰亚胺粉末10-20重量份、相容剂5-10重量份、聚氨基甲酸酯切片70-80重量份经高速搅拌机搅拌均匀，置于双螺杆挤出机中，在温度为250～290℃下熔融共混均匀，利用熔融纺丝技术制成耐热性氨纶纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，其特征在于：所述双螺杆挤出机的压力为95～105kg/cm2，冷却温度为15-25℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，其特征在于：所述表层和底层均编织网孔，其形状为圆形、正方形、矩形或八边形中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，其特征在于：所述耐热性氨纶纤维规格为40～100D。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，其特征在于：：所述底面纵向采用编链组织，横向采用多针距的局部衬纬组织。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于复合板材的三明治网布，其特征在于：所述相容剂为氟改性聚丙烯酸酯或间-异丙烯基-2，2-二甲基苯酰异氰酸酯。
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CN111434818A (zh) * 2019-01-15 2020-07-21 穆勒纺织品(天津)有限公司 一种三维针织网布
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