CN110549638A - 纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案 - Google Patents

纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案 Download PDF

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CN110549638A
CN110549638A CN201910840467.XA CN201910840467A CN110549638A CN 110549638 A CN110549638 A CN 110549638A CN 201910840467 A CN201910840467 A CN 201910840467A CN 110549638 A CN110549638 A CN 110549638A
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fiber
fiber reinforced
scheme
composite material
technical
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骆恩浩
刘毅
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Hangzhou Youkai Ship Co Ltd
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Hangzhou Youkai Ship Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/18—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length in the form of a mat, e.g. sheet moulding compound [SMC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/308—Heat stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种以纤维增强塑料为基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，是在纤维增强材料中按比例加入高延伸性的氨纶纤维丝束，经后续加工成的复合材料在撞击时不容易脆断，采用氨纶纤维丝束加入到纤维增强丝层中的技术方案，具有加工容易，能适应不同厚薄规格的丝层，材料成本低等优点。

Description

纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合材料的加工技术方案，尤其是一种以纤维增强，塑料为基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案。
背景技术
现有以纤维增强，塑料为基材的复合材料，其中增强纤维，例如碳纤维、玻璃纤维等呈脆性，制造成载人设备，在撞击时产生的瞬间脆性断裂，加重乘员伤害。为解决脆断问题，增加延伸性，例如申请号为CN2018106875414的中国发明专利，公开了“一种多功能长丝布”，其通过按比例在丝层中放置入螺旋形丝条，是单根长丝或长丝束沿芯材轴向，外周螺旋形包缠成缠绕层，单向丝层中还包括按比例放置入弹性橡胶条，此种方式存在着缺陷。螺旋丝线加工制造技术要求高，成本高，直径较粗，橡胶条直径较粗，拉伸强度差，加工性差。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中螺旋线加工难，直径较粗，橡胶条直径较粗，拉伸强度差的缺陷，本发明提供一种氨纶纤维长丝束，包括氨纶纤维单根丝，加入所述的增强纤维各方向单丝层中，包括部分单轴向丝层中，还包括增强纤维铺层中铺设氨纶纤维布、片、毡。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，其特征是纤维增强材料中按比例加入氨纶纤维，包括氨纶纤维丝束、单根丝。
上述的纤维增强材料是纤维机织布、编织布、无纺布、单轴向布、单向片材、单向丝束。
上述的纤维增强材料在铺层中包括铺设氨纶纤维多向布、单向布、单向片材、单向丝束、毡。
上述的纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，其特征在于所述的氨纶纤维可以采用其他延伸性较好的纤维丝、线替代，包括氨纶纤维与其它纤维的混合丝、线。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明利用氨纶纤维丝的高延伸性，达到所述的复合材料防脆断的效果，氨纶纤维丝具有中等的热稳定性，软化温度约在200℃以上，染色和整理容易，适应各种厚薄纤维增强材料丝层中加入，耐海水，单根丝直径加工可粗可细，丝束直径加工可粗可细，加工容易，加工成本低，材料成本低。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】多轴向碳纤维无纺布的各轴向丝层或者部分轴向丝层中按一定的间隔比例加入氨纶纤维长丝束，也包括单根丝采用不同规格D的丝束或单根丝是根据所加入的轴向丝层的厚度，选择丝束或单根丝的D数，再加工成无纺干布或无纺预浸布，如是干布需涂树脂铺层后固化成复合材料，如是预浸布，铺层后固化成复合材料。
【实施例2】交织布、编织布、单轴向布、单向片材，单向丝束中，按一定排列比例在丝层中加入氨纶纤维长丝束或单根丝，再涂抹树脂或预浸树脂，之后铺层固化成复合材料。
【实施例3】在上述所述的各种丝层中，不加入氨纶纤维丝，是在铺层中铺设一层及以上层氨纶纤维布、毡、网。再涂抹树脂或预浸树脂之后铺层固化成复合材料。
【实施例4】对复合材料防脆断程度要求不高的，对生产成本要经济性的，可以将高延伸性的氨纶纤维换成具有较好延伸性的其它材质纤维替代，如锦纶纤维丝、线，包括氨纶纤维与其它纤维混合丝、线。

Claims (4)

1.纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，其特征是纤维增强材料中按比例加入氨纶纤维，包括氨纶纤维丝束、单根丝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，其特征在于所述的纤维增强材料是纤维机织布、编织布、无纺布、单轴向布、单向片材、单向丝束。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，其特征在于所述的纤维增强材料在铺层中包括铺设氨纶纤维多向布、单向布、单向片材、单向丝束、毡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案，其特征在于所述的氨纶纤维可以采用其他延伸性较好的纤维丝、线替代，包括氨纶纤维与其它纤维的混合丝、线。
CN201910840467.XA 2019-09-06 2019-09-06 纤维增强塑料基材的复合材料防脆断的技术方案 Pending CN110549638A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

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CN111016301A (zh) * 2020-01-10 2020-04-17 杭州友凯船艇有限公司 纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案

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CN101775177A (zh) * 2010-02-11 2010-07-14 哈尔滨工业大学 氨纶纤维增强形状记忆聚合物复合材料
CN103043213A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-17 连云港神鹰碳纤维自行车有限责任公司 碳纤维复合飞行器
CN206968123U (zh) * 2017-06-22 2018-02-06 嘉兴墨虹纺织科技有限公司 一种阻燃化纤面料
CN108162514A (zh) * 2018-01-18 2018-06-15 惠安县大林鞋服有限公司 一种用于复合板材的三明治网布
CN109836807A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-06-04 天津市大邱庄泡沫塑料有限公司 一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其加工方法

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CN101775177A (zh) * 2010-02-11 2010-07-14 哈尔滨工业大学 氨纶纤维增强形状记忆聚合物复合材料
CN103043213A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-17 连云港神鹰碳纤维自行车有限责任公司 碳纤维复合飞行器
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CN109836807A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-06-04 天津市大邱庄泡沫塑料有限公司 一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其加工方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111016301A (zh) * 2020-01-10 2020-04-17 杭州友凯船艇有限公司 纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案
CN111016301B (zh) * 2020-01-10 2023-11-17 杭州友凯船艇有限公司 纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案

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