CN111016301B - 纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案 - Google Patents

纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案 Download PDF

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CN111016301B
CN111016301B CN202010025434.2A CN202010025434A CN111016301B CN 111016301 B CN111016301 B CN 111016301B CN 202010025434 A CN202010025434 A CN 202010025434A CN 111016301 B CN111016301 B CN 111016301B
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connecting hole
composite material
plate
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head shaft
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CN111016301A (zh
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骆恩浩
骆大凯
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Hangzhou Youkai Boat Co ltd
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/545—Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括叠加铺层中连接孔是采用锥头轴杆穿孔，连接孔沿复合材料板材边沿方向部分的丝束剪断后再补强，锥头轴杆穿孔过程中采用左右转动和压板振动相结合的方案，锥头轴杆穿孔完成后在其中放置套筒，之后加温固化的技术方案，锥头轴杆穿孔使纤维丝束向连接孔周边两侧分开并加强在两侧，连接孔周边的丝束向开口处延伸，使受力分散，而丝束开口处受上下丝层的不同方向的丝层和基材固定，减少了产生疲劳及裂缝的可能性，还可减少连接孔数量，也减少了耗材，延长了部件的使用寿命，省去了维修、更换部件耗费的时间及费用，使安全得到保障。

Description

纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以纤维增强的复合材料连接孔的制造，尤其是一种以纤维增强，塑料或金属为基材的复合材料板材连接孔周边増强及制备技术。
背景技术
现有以纤维增强的复合材料板材的机械连接方式，主要是采用钻孔，通过孔洞进行铆接或螺栓连接。例如，公告号为CN205086002U 的中国实用新型专利，公开了“一种蜂窝碳纤维复合材料连接件”，解决现有工业机器人末端连接件重量大，增加了额外负载，有效载荷利用率低，应用成本高的问题，进而提出一种蜂窝碳纤维复合材料连接件。其通过上碳纤维层、蜂窝层、下碳纤维层、两组铆接衬环之间通过多个空心铆钉铆接。 此种通过铆接方式或其它的螺栓连接方式，都不能解决孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及出现裂缝的问题，因钻孔方式将孔洞部分的纤维丝除去、经过孔洞部分的丝束全部断掉，增加了钻孔周边丝束的受力，导致孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及容易出现裂缝的问题，上述问题造成维修、更换部件而耗费时间，增加费用及造成安全隐患。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中以纤维增强的复合材料板材，包括平面板材、曲面板材，板材中连接孔的钻孔方式使孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及裂缝问题，本发明提供一种采用锥头轴杆穿孔方案，使纤维丝在穿孔过程中向孔洞两侧分开并加强在两侧，纤维丝的丝束由孔洞两侧形成开口并向开口处延伸，受力也从孔洞边向开口处延伸分散，开口处受上下丝层不同方向的丝层和基材的固定，减少了产生疲劳及裂缝的可能性。连接孔周边产生了叠层凸缘，通过在复合材料板材一面采用模具设置凹槽，控制叠层凸缘直径与厚度，有凸缘的一面与主体结构或框架相连接，另一面是平面，对产品几乎无影响。本发明解决了钻孔的孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及裂缝的缺陷问题，增强了连接孔周边的承受力，延长了部件的使用寿命，省去了维修、更换部件需耗费时间及增加的费用，使安全得到保障。
本发明纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括纤维增强，塑料或金属为基材的复合材料板材，板材包括平面板材、曲面板材，其特征在于所述的复合材料板材的连接孔（1）周边的加强方案，加强方案是板材的纤维丝层铺层过程中开始进行，是纤维丝层预浸或涂抹基材后进行叠加铺层，铺层至板材边沿（5）附近设置连接孔（1）的位置，将沿板材边沿（5）方向相临两个连接孔（1）中间距离位置，按连接孔（1）的直径宽度丝束剪断，再在剪断位置（15）补强，在设置的各个连接孔（1）位置通过锥头轴杆（12）进行穿孔，穿孔完成后，在孔中放置套筒（6），在后续的固化中，套筒（6）使连接孔（1）不变形。
上述的剪断位置（15）补强，补强丝层条（11）采用宽度与剪断宽度相同，长度是两个相临的连接孔（1）的丝束开口处（3）的中间距离长度。
上述的锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，包括单个穿孔，多个一组穿孔，多组穿孔。
上述的锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，锥头轴杆（12）可左右转动，还包括附加压板（13），压板（13）中有压板孔（14），通过压板（13）振动和锥头轴杆（12）左右转动增加穿孔周边丝束蠕变移动。
上述的锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，在穿孔过程中，孔洞周边的丝束产生挤压凸起，采用在模具上设置圆型凹槽，圆型凹槽的直径宽度等于连接孔两端丝束(2)的丝束开口处(3)之间的距离，凹槽的直径宽度和厚度根据产品情况自由设定。
上述的复合材料板材不但边沿设置连接孔（1），中部也可以设置连接孔（1），中部的连接孔（1）采用将锥头轴杆（12）设置在模具上，在铺层中进行穿孔，并且用高弹性泡沫块施压周围，逐渐至板材边沿（5）附近，使穿孔涉及的丝束蠕变和滑动，保持板面中部平整。
上述的复合材料板材的叠加铺层，还包括采用绕丝机，铺带机进行铺层。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明纤维增强的复合材料板材连接孔采用锥头轴杆穿孔，使纤维丝向孔洞两侧分开并加强在两侧，开口由连接孔周边向外延伸至初始开口处，受力也从连接孔周边向外延伸至初始开口处逐渐分散，而开口部分受不同方向的上下丝层和基材固定，减少了产生疲劳及裂缝的可能性。本发明解决了钻孔式连接孔容易产生疲劳及裂缝的缺陷问题，增强了穿孔式连接孔周边的承受力，而且可将原钻孔方式的双排连接孔改为穿孔式单排连接孔，减少了铆钉或螺栓，也减轻了该金属材料连接件的的重量，本发明延长了部件的使用寿命，不容易产生疲劳及裂缝，省去了复合材料板材钻孔式连接孔的维修、更换部件耗费的时间及费用，安全得到保障，钻孔式的板材因连接孔周边的疲劳问题而采取的增加铺层补强，本发明的铺层还可减少，铺层减少也就减少了材料和减轻了重量。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为本发明示意图；
图2为多轴向连接孔周边平面示意图；
图3为锥头轴杆侧面示意图；
图4为板材边沿方向两连接孔间剪断丝束位置示意图；
图5为板材边沿方向两连接孔间剪断处补强示意图；
图6为穿孔压条示意图。
图中1. 连接孔，2. 丝束，3. 开口处，4.开口的最大宽度，5. 板材的边沿，6. 套筒，7. 边沿方向0°丝束，8.+45°丝束，9. 90°丝束，10. -45°丝束，11. 补强丝束条，12. 锥头轴杆， 13. 压板，14.压板孔，15. 剪断位置。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】
纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括平面板材和曲面板材，板材包括叠加铺层中连接孔1是采用锥头轴杆12穿孔，连接孔1周边沿复合材料板材边沿5方向部分丝束2剪断及补强，锥头轴杆12穿孔过程中采用左右转动和压板13振动，锥头轴杆12穿孔完成后在其中放置套筒，之后加温固化成复合材料。制备过程首先是铺层，铺层逐层叠加，包括采用各丝层涂抹基材树脂或预浸丝层或预浸布进行铺层，在铺层中，在板材的边沿5方向设置为边沿方向0°丝束7， 每两个边沿方向的连接孔1的中间位置，按连接孔1直径宽度的部分丝束2剪断，在剪断位置15处补强，补强的丝层条11宽度与剪断宽度相同，长度是两个连接孔1的中间位置除去连接孔1两端开口处3位置的长度。完成铺层后采用锥头轴杆12进行穿孔，在穿孔的过程中锥头轴杆12可以左右转动，锥头轴杆12还套装在压板13的压板孔14中，压板13的压板孔14是按连接孔1的位置设置的，压板13可以振动，通过锥头轴杆12左右转动和压板13振动产生丝束2蠕变移动，将各方向丝层，包括设置为边沿方向0°丝束7的轴向、设置为90°丝束9的轴向、设置为+45°丝束8的轴向、设置为- 45°丝束10的轴向的丝束2从中分开至两侧，形成周边增强丝束2的连接孔1，丝束2开口的最大宽度4一侧的宽度小于开口处3一侧的宽度，连接孔1的周边增强丝束2产生叠加凸起，采用在模具上设置凹槽控制凸缘的宽度与厚度，凹槽设置为圆型，圆型凹槽的直径宽度等于连接孔两端丝束2的丝束开口处3之间的距离，圆型凹槽的厚度由內向外逐渐减薄，圆型凹槽中芯部位留有锥头穿孔的孔洞，有凸缘的一面与主体结构或框架相连接，连接几乎对产品无连接影响，另一面表面平整，不影响产品表面外观平整。锥头轴杆12可设置为单个或多个一组或多组操作，根据产品情况设定，还包括在连接孔1中放置套筒6，套筒6的型状根据将采用的连接部件型状设定，采用套筒6的方案是保证复合材料板材在后续加温固化中连接孔1不变形。锥头轴杆12在穿孔过程中，丝束2向两侧分开，在分开过程中，丝束2距离板材边沿5的距离比较短，这部分穿孔位置的丝束2容易向连接孔1处退缩、板材中部在距离连接孔较远的部分还可放置部分压重物，锥头轴杆12在穿孔过程中，控制适当速度及力度，达到不影响板材中部丝层过快退缩，在丝束2向两侧分开的开口处3至孔边沿形成了开口间隙，在铺层和穿孔过程中，放置套筒6之前补充基材树脂，套筒6中可以设置溢流孔洞，便于多余的树脂流出，后续加温固化后，将板材边沿剪齐，剪除因丝束2退缩产生的不平整边沿部分。
【实施例2】
复合材料板材除了边沿有连接孔1，中部还有连接孔1的情况下，采用在模具上设置锥头轴杆12，再在模具上铺层和设置连接孔1， 在板材边沿5距离连接孔1较远的部分放置部分压重物，让板材边5距离连接孔1较近的部分容易回缩，采用边穿孔边施压的方式，施压采用高弹性泡沫块，施压使丝束2产生蠕变、滑动、回缩。边沿部分的连接孔1可以参照上述实施例1方案原理进行。
【实施例3】
复合材料板材铺层采用绕丝机、铺带机进行铺层，连接孔1周边增强的技术方案的设置参照上述实施例1、上述实施例2的技术方案原理进行。

Claims (4)

1.纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强方法，纤维复合材料包括纤维增强，塑料或金属为基材的复合材料板材，板材包括平面板材、曲面板材，其特征在于增强是从板材的纤维丝层铺层过程中开始进行，纤维丝层预浸或涂抹基材后进行叠加铺层，铺层至板材边沿(5)附近设置连接孔(1)的位置，将沿板材边沿(5)方向相临两个连接孔(1)中间距离位置，按连接孔(1)的直径宽度丝束剪断，再在剪断位置(15)补强，在设置的各个连接孔(1)位置通过锥头轴杆(12)进行穿孔，穿孔完成后，在孔中放置套筒(6)，在后续的固化中，套筒(6)使连接孔(1)不变形，所述锥头轴杆(12)穿孔，锥头轴杆(12)左右转动，还包括附加压板(13)，压板(13)中有压板孔(14)，通过压板(13)振动和锥头轴杆(12)左右转动增加穿孔周边丝束蠕变移动，锥头轴杆(12)穿孔过程中，孔洞周边的丝束产生挤压凸起，采用在模具上设置圆型凹槽，圆型凹槽的直径宽度等于连接孔两端丝束(2)的丝束开口处(3)之间的距离，凹槽的直径宽度和厚度根据产品情况自由设定，所述复合材料板材边沿设置连接孔(1)，中部也设置连接孔(1)，中部的连接孔(1)采用将锥头轴杆(12)设置在模具上，在铺层中进行穿孔，并且用高弹性泡沫块施压周围，逐渐至板材边沿(5)附近，使穿孔涉及的丝束蠕变和滑动，保持板面中部平整。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强方法，其特征在于，所述剪断位置(15)补强，补强丝层条(11)采用宽度与剪断宽度相同，长度是两个相临的连接孔(1)的丝束开口处(3)的中间距离长度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强方法，其特征在于，所述锥头轴杆(12)穿孔，包括单个穿孔，多组穿孔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强方法，其特征在于，所述复合材料板材的叠加铺层，还包括采用绕丝机，铺带机进行铺层。
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