CN111016301A - 纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案 - Google Patents

纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案 Download PDF

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CN111016301A
CN111016301A CN202010025434.2A CN202010025434A CN111016301A CN 111016301 A CN111016301 A CN 111016301A CN 202010025434 A CN202010025434 A CN 202010025434A CN 111016301 A CN111016301 A CN 111016301A
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connecting hole
composite material
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conical head
plate
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CN111016301B (zh
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骆恩浩
骆大凯
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Fuyang Youkai Kayak Boat Co ltd
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    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括叠加铺层中连接孔是采用锥头轴杆穿孔，连接孔沿复合材料板材边沿方向部分的丝束剪断后再补强，锥头轴杆穿孔过程中采用左右转动和压板振动相结合的方案，锥头轴杆穿孔完成后在其中放置套筒，之后加温固化的技术方案，锥头轴杆穿孔使纤维丝束向连接孔周边两侧分开并加强在两侧，连接孔周边的丝束向开口处延伸，使受力分散，而丝束开口处受上下丝层的不同方向的丝层和基材固定，减少了产生疲劳及裂缝的可能性，还可减少连接孔数量，也减少了耗材，延长了部件的使用寿命，省去了维修、更换部件耗费的时间及费用，使安全得到保障。

Description

纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以纤维增强的复合材料连接孔的制造，尤其是一种以纤维增强，塑料或金属为基材的复合材料板材连接孔周边増强及制备技术。
背景技术
现有以纤维增强的复合材料板材的机械连接方式，主要是采用钻孔，通过孔洞进行铆接或螺栓连接。例如，公告号为CN205086002U 的中国实用新型专利，公开了“一种蜂窝碳纤维复合材料连接件”，解决现有工业机器人末端连接件重量大，增加了额外负载，有效载荷利用率低，应用成本高的问题，进而提出一种蜂窝碳纤维复合材料连接件。其通过上碳纤维层、蜂窝层、下碳纤维层、两组铆接衬环之间通过多个空心铆钉铆接。 此种通过铆接方式或其它的螺栓连接方式，都不能解决孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及出现裂缝的问题，因钻孔方式将孔洞部分的纤维丝除去、经过孔洞部分的丝束全部断掉，增加了钻孔周边丝束的受力，导致孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及容易出现裂缝的问题，上述问题造成维修、更换部件而耗费时间，增加费用及造成安全隐患。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中以纤维增强的复合材料板材，包括平面板材、曲面板材，板材中连接孔的钻孔方式使孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及裂缝问题，本发明提供一种采用锥头轴杆穿孔方案，使纤维丝在穿孔过程中向孔洞两侧分开并加强在两侧，纤维丝的丝束由孔洞两侧形成开口并向开口处延伸，受力也从孔洞边向开口处延伸分散，开口处受上下丝层不同方向的丝层和基材的固定，减少了产生疲劳及裂缝的可能性。连接孔周边产生了叠层凸缘，通过在复合材料板材一面采用模具设置凹槽，控制叠层凸缘直径与厚度，有凸缘的一面与主体结构或框架相连接，另一面是平面，对产品几乎无影响。本发明解决了钻孔的孔洞周边容易产生疲劳及裂缝的缺陷问题，增强了连接孔周边的承受力，延长了部件的使用寿命，省去了维修、更换部件需耗费时间及增加的费用，使安全得到保障。
本发明纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括纤维增强，塑料或金属为基材的复合材料板材，板材包括平面板材、曲面板材，其特征在于所述的复合材料板材的连接孔（1）周边的加强方案，加强方案是板材的纤维丝层铺层过程中开始进行，是纤维丝层预浸或涂抹基材后进行叠加铺层，铺层至板材边沿（5）附近设置连接孔（1）的位置，将沿板材边沿（5）方向相临两个连接孔（1）中间距离位置，按连接孔（1）的直径宽度丝束剪断，再在剪断位置（15）补强，在设置的各个连接孔（1）位置通过锥头轴杆（12）进行穿孔，穿孔完成后，在孔中放置套筒（6），在后续的固化中，套筒（6）使连接孔（1）不变形。
上述的剪断位置（15）补强，补强丝层条（11）采用宽度与剪断宽度相同，长度是两个相临的连接孔（1）的丝束开口处（3）的中间距离长度。
上述的锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，包括单个穿孔，多个一组穿孔，多组穿孔。
上述的锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，锥头轴杆（12）可左右转动，还包括附加压板（13），压板（13）中有压板孔（14），通过压板（13）振动和锥头轴杆（12）左右转动增加穿孔周边丝束蠕变移动。
上述的锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，在穿孔过程中，孔洞周边的丝束产生挤压凸起，采用在模具上设置圆型凹槽，圆型凹槽的直径宽度等于连接孔两端丝束(2)的丝束开口处(3)之间的距离，凹槽的直径宽度和厚度根据产品情况自由设定。
上述的复合材料板材不但边沿设置连接孔（1），中部也可以设置连接孔（1），中部的连接孔（1）采用将锥头轴杆（12）设置在模具上，在铺层中进行穿孔，并且用高弹性泡沫块施压周围，逐渐至板材边沿（5）附近，使穿孔涉及的丝束蠕变和滑动，保持板面中部平整。
上述的复合材料板材的叠加铺层，还包括采用绕丝机，铺带机进行铺层。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明纤维增强的复合材料板材连接孔采用锥头轴杆穿孔，使纤维丝向孔洞两侧分开并加强在两侧，开口由连接孔周边向外延伸至初始开口处，受力也从连接孔周边向外延伸至初始开口处逐渐分散，而开口部分受不同方向的上下丝层和基材固定，减少了产生疲劳及裂缝的可能性。本发明解决了钻孔式连接孔容易产生疲劳及裂缝的缺陷问题，增强了穿孔式连接孔周边的承受力，而且可将原钻孔方式的双排连接孔改为穿孔式单排连接孔，减少了铆钉或螺栓，也减轻了该金属材料连接件的的重量，本发明延长了部件的使用寿命，不容易产生疲劳及裂缝，省去了复合材料板材钻孔式连接孔的维修、更换部件耗费的时间及费用，安全得到保障，钻孔式的板材因连接孔周边的疲劳问题而采取的增加铺层补强，本发明的铺层还可减少，铺层减少也就减少了材料和减轻了重量。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为本发明示意图；
图2为多轴向连接孔周边平面示意图；
图3为锥头轴杆侧面示意图；
图4为板材边沿方向两连接孔间剪断丝束位置示意图；
图5为板材边沿方向两连接孔间剪断处补强示意图；
图6为穿孔压条示意图。
图中1. 连接孔，2. 丝束，3. 开口处，4.开口的最大宽度，5. 板材的边沿，6. 套筒，7. 边沿方向0°丝束，8.+45°丝束，9. 90°丝束，10. -45°丝束，11. 补强丝束条，12. 锥头轴杆， 13. 压板，14.压板孔，15. 剪断位置。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】
纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括平面板材和曲面板材，板材包括叠加铺层中连接孔1是采用锥头轴杆12穿孔，连接孔1周边沿复合材料板材边沿5方向部分丝束2剪断及补强，锥头轴杆12穿孔过程中采用左右转动和压板13振动，锥头轴杆12穿孔完成后在其中放置套筒，之后加温固化成复合材料。制备过程首先是铺层，铺层逐层叠加，包括采用各丝层涂抹基材树脂或预浸丝层或预浸布进行铺层，在铺层中，在板材的边沿5方向设置为边沿方向0°丝束7， 每两个边沿方向的连接孔1的中间位置，按连接孔1直径宽度的部分丝束2剪断，在剪断位置15处补强，补强的丝层条11宽度与剪断宽度相同，长度是两个连接孔1的中间位置除去连接孔1两端开口处3位置的长度。完成铺层后采用锥头轴杆12进行穿孔，在穿孔的过程中锥头轴杆12可以左右转动，锥头轴杆12还套装在压板13的压板孔14中，压板13的压板孔14是按连接孔1的位置设置的，压板13可以振动，通过锥头轴杆12左右转动和压板13振动产生丝束2蠕变移动，将各方向丝层，包括设置为边沿方向0°丝束7的轴向、设置为90°丝束9的轴向、设置为+45°丝束8的轴向、设置为- 45°丝束10的轴向的丝束2从中分开至两侧，形成周边增强丝束2的连接孔1，丝束2开口的最大宽度4一侧的宽度小于开口处3一侧的宽度，连接孔1的周边增强丝束2产生叠加凸起，采用在模具上设置凹槽控制凸缘的宽度与厚度，凹槽设置为圆型，圆型凹槽的直径宽度等于连接孔两端丝束2的丝束开口处3之间的距离，圆型凹槽的厚度由內向外逐渐减薄，圆型凹槽中芯部位留有锥头穿孔的孔洞，有凸缘的一面与主体结构或框架相连接，连接几乎对产品无连接影响，另一面表面平整，不影响产品表面外观平整。锥头轴杆12可设置为单个或多个一组或多组操作，根据产品情况设定，还包括在连接孔1中放置套筒6，套筒6的型状根据将采用的连接部件型状设定，采用套筒6的方案是保证复合材料板材在后续加温固化中连接孔1不变形。锥头轴杆12在穿孔过程中，丝束2向两侧分开，在分开过程中，丝束2距离板材边沿5的距离比较短，这部分穿孔位置的丝束2容易向连接孔1处退缩、板材中部在距离连接孔较远的部分还可放置部分压重物，锥头轴杆12在穿孔过程中，控制适当速度及力度，达到不影响板材中部丝层过快退缩，在丝束2向两侧分开的开口处3至孔边沿形成了开口间隙，在铺层和穿孔过程中，放置套筒6之前补充基材树脂，套筒6中可以设置溢流孔洞，便于多余的树脂流出，后续加温固化后，将板材边沿剪齐，剪除因丝束2退缩产生的不平整边沿部分。
【实施例2】
复合材料板材除了边沿有连接孔1，中部还有连接孔1的情况下，采用在模具上设置锥头轴杆12，再在模具上铺层和设置连接孔1， 在板材边沿5距离连接孔1较远的部分放置部分压重物，让板材边5距离连接孔1较近的部分容易回缩，采用边穿孔边施压的方式，施压采用高弹性泡沫块，施压使丝束2产生蠕变、滑动、回缩。边沿部分的连接孔1可以参照上述实施例1方案原理进行。
【实施例3】
复合材料板材铺层采用绕丝机、铺带机进行铺层，连接孔1周边增强的技术方案的设置参照上述实施例1、上述实施例2的技术方案原理进行。

Claims (7)

1.纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，包括纤维增强，塑料或金属为基材的复合材料板材，板材包括平面板材、曲面板材，其特征在于所述的复合材料板材的连接孔（1）周边的加强方案，加强方案是板材的纤维丝层铺层过程中开始进行，是纤维丝层预浸或涂抹基材后进行叠加铺层，铺层至板材边沿（5）附近设置连接孔（1）的位置，将沿板材边沿（5）方向相临两个连接孔（1）中间距离位置，按连接孔（1）的直径宽度丝束剪断，再在剪断位置（15）补强，在设置的各个连接孔（1）位置通过锥头轴杆（12）进行穿孔，穿孔完成后，在孔中放置套筒（6），在后续的固化中，套筒（6）使连接孔（1）不变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，其特征在于，所述剪断位置（15）补强，补强丝层条（11）采用宽度与剪断宽度相同，长度是两个相临的连接孔（1）的丝束开口处（3）的中间距离长度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，其特征在于，所述锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，包括单个穿孔，多个一组穿孔，多组穿孔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，其特征在于，所述锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，锥头轴杆（12）可左右转动，还包括附加压板（13），压板（13）中有压板孔（14），通过压板（13）振动和锥头轴杆（12）左右转动增加穿孔周边丝束蠕变移动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，其特征在于，所述锥头轴杆（12）穿孔，在穿孔过程中，孔洞周边的丝束产生挤压凸起，采用在模具上设置圆型凹槽，圆型凹槽的直径宽度等于连接孔两端丝束(2)的丝束开口处(3)之间的距离，凹槽的直径宽度和厚度根据产品情况自由设定。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，其特征在于，所述复合材料板材不但边沿设置连接孔（1），中部也可以设置连接孔（1），中部的连接孔（1）采用将锥头轴杆（12）设置在模具上，在铺层中进行穿孔，并且用高弹性泡沫块施压周围，逐渐至板材边沿（5）附近，使穿孔涉及的丝束蠕变和滑动，保持板面中部平整。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料连接孔周边的增强及其制备方案，其特征在于，所述复合材料板材的叠加铺层，还包括采用绕丝机，铺带机进行铺层。
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