CN108157245A - A kind of cultural method of leech - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of leech, include the following steps：(1) selection on cultivation ground, the building of (2) aquaculture pond, (3) water quality improvement, (4) seedling intensive culture and point management, the raising of (5) young leech and management, the prevention of damage by disease of (6) leech and first aid are supported；The method of the present invention reasonable design, operability is strong, and the cultivation survival rate of leech is high, and this method fishes conveniently, and breeding process can flexibly grasp cultivation situation, and improve cultured output by effective cultural method, and culture efficiency is notable.

Description

A kind of cultural method of leech

Technical field

The present invention relates to aquaculture field, specially a kind of cultural method of leech.

Background technology

Leech is that one kind is protected from light that happiness is cloudy, resistance to hungry gregariousness animal, for life habit of the leech in nature, behavior Habit, physiological habit, habit and climatic environment.Leech is a kind of well sold and in short supply rare traditional Chinese medicine raw material both at home and abroad, Ke Yizhi Treat traumatic injury, hypertension, coronary heart disease and tumour.Its medical value determines its following market situation, comes from consumption market It sees, China is using the earliest country of leech, with the development of Domestic Medicine and further opening to leech medical value Hair, the demand of leech are growing day by day.In addition, American-European consumption market is very big, it is Japanese, also big from China towards state, Southeast Asian countries Import leech is measured, causes domestic leech market in short supply, valency goes up.But in recent years, due to largely using pesticide, chemical fertilizer and chemistry Pollution of the discharge of industrial wastes to environment, causes wild resource to fall sharply, and the medical usage of leech is but constantly exploited, and market is caused to supply Need to be particularly thorny, build vast market prospect for artificial cultivation water leech.

In the breeding process, in external pond, such method would generally be because in cultivation for usually cultivation for existing leech Influenced for ambient weather and external various birds catch and kill leech, and cause the volume increase and the underproduction of leech, influence compared with Greatly.And intensive cultivation leech is not of uniform size, and it is second-rate.All kinds of feeds of leech would generally be given during raising, that eats refutes It is miscellaneous, it is unstable.And in fishing, it generally requires to catch leech by outside dispensing so that the quality of leech declines, and reduces The selling price of leech, while per mu yield 500-700 jins per acre of the leech cultivated in the prior art, yield is relatively low.

Invention content

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural methods of leech, have and cultivate convenient, environmentally protective, aquaculture cost The characteristics of low, leech grow rapid disease and lack feature, solve the problems of the prior art.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solution：A kind of cultural method of leech, including walking as follows Suddenly：(1) selection on cultivation ground, the building of (2) aquaculture pond, (3) water quality improvement, (4) seedling intensive culture and point to support management, (5) young The raising of leech and management, the prevention of damage by disease of (6) leech and first aid.

Further, the selection on ground is cultivated：Leeward to close on based on natural water source, big lake, great river on the sunny side, upstream is without factory It is preferred, along 15 kilometers of watershed without population domestic sewage, factory's blowdown, traffic irrigation and drainage are convenient, and natural bait enriches.

Further, aquaculture pond is built：Building the general North and South direction in pond is advisable, as far as possible adaptation to local conditions, general intensive culture pond 3 meters wide, finished product aquaculture pond is 4 meters wide, and length is unlimited, intensive culture pond, and pond shape is spill pattern, and intermediate deep, both sides have platform, deep It spends for 80cm, respectively pool side to platform depth 40cm, platform to bottom of pond depth 40cm, the diagonal of pond sets water inlet system and draining system System, end product pool：Deep 80cm, the flat-shaped pattern of bottom of pond, the pool side brick outlet 10cm in all ponds, it is anti-escape to cover adhesive plaster rain cover, pond with The walkway of 100cm is stayed between pond.15--20cm is dug down when building pond as possible to start to build again, to reduce the pressure in pond, together When need to build one 400-600 cubic metres of tank.

Further, water quality improvement：To the cement pit newly built up, add water 60cm, by one kilogram of ratio of per cubic meter of water Example adds in calcium superphosphate and impregnates 3 days, and stirring is primary daily, and seedling cultivation can be launched by old water is bled off after three days changing new water Such as newly-built cement pit urgent need is charged seed, and sweet potato or potato erasing pool wall be can be used, then apply last layer mud, is soaked in water one day i.e. Can dealkalize, to the cement pit raised, when second year recycles it to be cultivated, the quick lime of firm kiln discharge is opened with aquation After carry out full cement pit and wall is splashed disinfection, changing new water after impregnating 2 days can cultivate.

Further, seedling intensive culture and point foster management：It after seedling is introduced, is first in and places 2--3 days, seedling goes out cocoon in cocoon After rate reaches 80%, then a bright day gas is selected, the time is morning 8:30--9:00 or afternoon 5:30--6:00, temperature is 20 DEG C enter water, water temperature at this time should be close with the body temperature of young leech, when seedling enters water, the seedling ovum cocoon in bubble chamber even soil all It pours into the groove of intensive culture pond, ovum cocoon is allowed the ovum cocoon of floating can be dragged for after freely floating in water 24 hours, 24 hours It is positioned over bubble chamber to cover into the water, so that remaining only a few seedling goes out cocoon, after seedling enters water, it is proposed that intensive culture pond platform On pour water 3cm-- 5cm, start to feed the opening bait feed of seedling after 48 hours, after seedling enters water 5--6 days, then in essence It supports pond and fixes two water lettuces on the both sides of groove with rope for seedling rest and tiller point pond, as seedling intensive culture 15--20 After it, 4--5 centimeters are grown to from 1--2 centimetres when just going out cocoon, is increased with the fertile degree of water body, water lettuce is also largely sending out , during seedling separation, the water lettuce of new tiller is moved into another intensive culture pond together with seedling above, by above method Cultivation.About after one and a half months, seedling grows to 8cm just into young leech, then young leech is diverted to finished product with same method Aquaculture pond carries out hierarchical segmented management.

Further, the raising and management of young leech：Seedling has grown up to small at this time after the intensive culture of a wheat harvesting period Size as finger as the water lettuce of hair has been diverted in end product pool, is climbed further according to finished product aquaculture pond daily early morning in pool side Density is adjusted, and accomplishes that uniformly water level is stepped up 50cm, and the water that 50cm wide is fixed on great Chi both sides with rope floats as possible Lotus or other water plants want appropriate moisturizing, meet in hot weather at 8 o'clock of every morning so that leech draws dew shade or rests Noon also wants make-up water source, and feed snail is advisable as possible with screw less than normal.

Further, the prevention of damage by disease of leech and first aid：It puts prevention first, anti-overweight is controlled, in the breeding process, be as possible Each procedure is carried out in carefulness, is rigid in checking up, and prevents the intrusion of pathogen as possible, to reduce the generation of disease, it is found that leech goes out Now moving inflexible situation, body is uneven during travelling, apocleisis,：After being watered with white point spirit, first alum mycin powder by specification Full pool spilling head finds that situation about losing the appetite occurs in leech, and is disinclined to activity, anus is red and swollen, with 0.4% antibiolics (such as mould Element, streptomysin) be added in food to puddle and uniformly feed, it is found that leech appearance activity reduces or stops action, leech body nigrescence, It becomes thin, dehydration atrophy, shrivelled situation,；Scaffolding shading cooling, watering moisturizing feed the bait for being mixed with aluzyme or terramycin Material periodically sterilizes pool inner water body disinfection.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention carries out scientific culture according to the life habit of leech, have growth it is fast, The characteristics of positive feeding, shortens the growth cycle of leech, and the economic benefit and society that can effectively improve the cultivation of leech are imitated Benefit.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched It states, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments；Based on the present invention In embodiment, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without making creative work Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment：A kind of cultural method of leech, includes the following steps：

(1) selection on cultivation ground：Leeward to close on based on natural water source, big lake, great river on the sunny side, upstream is preferred without factory, Along 15 kilometers of watershed without population domestic sewage, factory's blowdown, traffic irrigation and drainage are convenient, and natural bait enriches.

(2) aquaculture pond is built：Building the general North and South direction in pond is advisable, as far as possible adaptation to local conditions, and general intensive culture pond is 3 meters wide, Finished product aquaculture pond is 4 meters wide, and length is unlimited, intensive culture pond, and pond shape is spill pattern, and intermediate deep, both sides have platform, and depth is 80cm, respectively pool side are to platform depth 40cm, platform to bottom of pond depth 40cm, and the diagonal of pond sets water inlet system and drainage system, into Product pond：Deep 80cm, the flat-shaped pattern of bottom of pond, the pool side brick outlet 10cm in all ponds, it is anti-escape to cover adhesive plaster rain cover, pond and pond it Between stay the walkway of 100cm.15--20cm is dug down when building pond as possible to start to build again, to reduce the pressure in pond, is needed simultaneously Build one 400-600 cubic metres of tank.

(3) water quality improvement：To the cement pit newly built up, add water 60cm, added in one kilogram of ratio of per cubic meter of water Calcium superphosphate impregnates 3 days, and stirring is primary daily, and seedling cultivation can be launched as newly-built by old water is bled off after three days changing new water Cement pit urgent need is charged seed, and sweet potato or potato erasing pool wall can be used, then apply last layer mud, be soaked in water one day can dealkalize, To the cement pit raised, when second year recycles it to be cultivated, carried out after the quick lime of firm kiln discharge is opened with aquation complete Cement pit and wall are splashed disinfection, and changing new water after impregnating 2 days can cultivate.

(4) seedling intensive culture and point foster management：It after seedling is introduced, is first in and places 2--3 days, seedling goes out cocoon rate and reaches in cocoon After 80%, then a bright day gas is selected, the time is morning 8:30--9:00 or afternoon 5:30--6:00, temperature enters water at 20 DEG C, Water temperature at this time should be close with the body temperature of young leech, and when seedling enters water, the seedling ovum cocoon in bubble chamber even soil is all poured into intensive culture In the groove in pond, ovum cocoon the ovum cocoon of floating can be dragged for after freely floating in water 24 hours, 24 hours and is positioned over bubble On foam case lid into the water, so that remaining only a few seedling goes out cocoon, after seedling enters water, it is proposed that pour water on intensive culture pond platform 3cm-- 5cm started to feed the opening bait feed of seedling after 48 hours, were used after seedling enters water 5--6 days, then in intensive culture pond Rope fixes two water lettuces on the both sides of groove for seedling rest and tiller point pond, after seedling intensive culture 15--20 days, 4--5 centimeters are grown to from 1--2 centimetres when just going out cocoon, is increased with the fertile degree of water body, water lettuce is also in a large amount of tillers, seedling separation When, the water lettuce of new tiller is moved into another intensive culture pond together with seedling above, is cultivated by above method.Greatly About after one and a half months, seedling grows to 8cm just into young leech, then young leech is diverted to finished product aquaculture pond with same method Carry out hierarchical segmented management.

(5) raising and management of young leech：Seedling has grown up to big as little finger of toe at this time after the intensive culture of a wheat harvesting period It is small, as the water lettuce of hair has been diverted in end product pool, further according to finished product aquaculture pond daily early morning climb density in pool side into Row adjustment accomplishes that uniformly, water level is stepped up 50cm as possible, great Chi both sides with rope fix 50cm wide water lettuce or its His water plant draws dew shade or rest for leech, wants appropriate moisturizing at 8 o'clock of every morning, and meeting hot weather noon also will Make-up water source, feed snail is advisable as possible with screw less than normal.

(6) prevention of damage by disease of leech and first aid：It puts prevention first, anti-overweight is controlled, and in the breeding process, carefulness to do as possible Good each procedure, is rigid in checking up, prevents the intrusion of pathogen as possible, to reduce the generation of disease, it is found that leech moves Inflexible situation, body is uneven during travelling, apocleisis,：Full pond is sprinkled after being watered with white point spirit, first alum mycin powder by specification It spills, it is found that situation about losing the appetite occurs in leech, be disinclined to activity, anus is red and swollen, with 0.4% antibiolics (such as penicillin, chain Mycin) be added in food to puddle and uniformly feed, it is found that leech appearance activity reduces or stops action, leech body blacks, and becomes thin, Dehydration atrophy, shrivelled situation,；Scaffolding shading cooling, watering moisturizing feed the bait for being mixed with aluzyme or terramycin, periodically Pool inner water body disinfection is sterilized.

In summary：The present invention carries out scientific culture according to the life habit of leech, has and grows fast, positive feeding The characteristics of, the growth cycle of leech is shortened, the economic benefit and social benefit of the cultivation of leech can be effectively improved.

The basic principles, main features and the advantages of the invention, the skill of the industry has been shown and described above Art personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention do not limited by above-mentioned implementation 1, the above embodiments and description only describe The principle of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, this A little changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, and the claimed scope of the invention is by appended claim Book and its effect object define.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of cultural method of leech, includes the following steps：(1) selection on cultivation ground, the building of (2) aquaculture pond, (3) water quality Improvement, (4) seedling intensive culture and point foster management, the raising of (5) young leech and management, the prevention of damage by disease of (6) leech and first aid.

2. a kind of cultural method of leech according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cultivate the selection on ground：It is leeward to face south, It closes on based on natural water source, big lake, great river, upstream is preferred without factory, along 15 kilometers of watershed without population domestic sewage, factory row Dirt, traffic irrigation and drainage are convenient, and natural bait enriches.

3. a kind of cultural method of leech according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Aquaculture pond is built：It is general to build pond North and South direction is advisable, as far as possible adaptation to local conditions, and general intensive culture pond is 3 meters wide, and finished product aquaculture pond is 4 meters wide, and length is unlimited, intensive culture pond, Pond shape is spill pattern, and intermediate deep, both sides have platform, depth 80cm, respectively pool side to platform depth 40cm, platform to pond Bottom depth 40cm, the diagonal of pond set water inlet system and drainage system, end product pool：Deep 80cm, the flat-shaped pattern of bottom of pond, the pool side in all ponds It with brick outlet 10cm, covers that adhesive plaster rain cover is anti-escape, the walkway of 100cm is stayed between Chi Yuchi；15-- is dug down as possible when building pond 20cm starts to build again, to reduce the pressure in pond, while needs to build one 400-600 cubic metres of tank.

4. a kind of cultural method of leech according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Water quality improvement：To the water newly built up Mud sump adds water 60cm, and adding in calcium superphosphate in one kilogram of ratio of per cubic meter of water impregnates 3 days, and stirring is primary daily, three days After bleed off old water and change new water and can launch seedling cultivation, such as newly-built cement pit urgent need is charged seed, and sweet potato or potato can be used to wipe Smear pool wall, then apply last layer mud, be soaked in water one day can dealkalize, to the cement pit raised, second year recycles it When being cultivated, carry out full cement pit after the quick lime of firm kiln discharge is opened with aquation and wall is splashed disinfection, changed after impregnating 2 days New water can cultivate.

5. a kind of cultural method of leech according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：After seedling is introduced, placement of being first in 2--3 days, seedling went out after cocoon rate reaches 80% in cocoon, then selects a bright day gas, and the time is morning 8:30--9:00 or afternoon 5: 30--6:00, temperature enters water at 20 DEG C, and water temperature at this time should be close with the body temperature of young leech, when seedling enters water, in bubble chamber Even soil all pours into the groove of intensive culture pond seedling ovum cocoon, after ovum cocoon is allowed freely to float 24 hours, 24 hours in water It is covered into the water bubble chamber is positioned in the ovum cocoon fishing of floating, so that remaining only a few seedling goes out cocoon, after seedling enters water, It is recommended that the 3cm--5cm that pours water on intensive culture pond platform, starts to feed the opening bait feed of seedling after 48 hours, enters water 5-- in seedling After 6 days, then intensive culture pond with rope fix two water lettuces the both sides of groove for seedling rest and tiller point pond, work as seedling After intensive culture 15--20 days, 4--5 centimeters are grown to from 1--2 centimetres when just going out cocoon, is increased with the fertile degree of water body, water lettuce In a large amount of tillers, seedling separation, the water lettuce of new tiller is moved into another intensive culture pond together with seedling above, by above Method cultivation；About after one and a half months, seedling grows to 8cm just into young leech, then young leech is shunted with same method Hierarchical segmented management is carried out to finished product aquaculture pond.

6. a kind of cultural method of leech according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The raising and management of young leech：Children Seedling has grown up to size as little finger of toe at this time after the intensive culture of a wheat harvesting period, as the water lettuce of hair has been diverted to end product pool In, the density climbed further according to finished product aquaculture pond daily early morning in pool side is adjusted, and accomplishes that uniformly water level is stepped up as possible Water lettuce or other water plants of 50cm wide are fixed so that leech draws dew shade or rest in 50cm, great Chi both sides with rope, often Want appropriate moisturizing its 8 o'clock of morning, meet hot weather noon and also want make-up water source, feed snail as possible using screw less than normal as Preferably.

7. a kind of cultural method of leech according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The prevention of damage by disease of leech and first aid： It puts prevention first, anti-overweight is controlled, and in the breeding process, carefulness to carry out each procedure as possible, be rigid in checking up, prevent cause of disease as possible The intrusion of body to reduce the generation of disease, it is found that inflexible situation occurs moving in leech, and body is uneven during travelling, detests Food,：Rear full pool spilling head is watered with white point spirit, first alum mycin powder by specification, it is found that situation about losing the appetite occurs in leech, is disinclined to Activity, anus are red and swollen, are added in food to puddle with 0.4% antibiolics (such as penicillin, streptomysin) and uniformly feed, discovery water Leech appearance activity reduces or stops action, and leech body blacks, and becomes thin, dehydration atrophy, shrivelled situation,；Scaffolding shading cooling, watering Moisturizing feeds the bait for being mixed with aluzyme or terramycin, and periodically pool inner water body disinfection is sterilized.