CN108152151A - The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly - Google Patents

The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108152151A
CN108152151A CN201711472578.7A CN201711472578A CN108152151A CN 108152151 A CN108152151 A CN 108152151A CN 201711472578 A CN201711472578 A CN 201711472578A CN 108152151 A CN108152151 A CN 108152151A
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China
Prior art keywords
pressure
circular hole
box
air
piston rod
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Inventor
骆建文
王治军
侯大勇
李荣建
刘军定
耿生明
张真
吴军
朱桥川
郭玉华
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Xian Changqing Technology Engineering Co Ltd
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Xian Changqing Technology Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711472578.7A priority Critical patent/CN108152151A/en
Publication of CN108152151A publication Critical patent/CN108152151A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0025—Shearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly, stent system is made of pedestal, column and tablet, and shear box bearing is welded on pedestal.Shear box is arranged on shear box bearing, and shear box inside bottom is bonded with high air-entry value pottery clay plates, and pore water pressure can be measured in pottery clay plates lower part.Environmental chamber is provided on the outside of air-pressure chamber, refrigerator is mounted on environmental chamber side plate, and heating rod is arranged on the indoor shearing box base of environment, and the thermostat temperature control of experiment is realized by the way of electronic cooling and heating.The first connector is welded on the right side of down cut box, is fixedly connected with impeller-hub left end；The second connector is welded on the left of upper shear box, is fixedly connected with the limitation connector of transmission rod right end, the shearing repeatedly of unsaturated soil sample is realized, and can be in shearing property section sets shear displacemant size repeatedly by the positive and negative rotation of motor.The present invention can carry out the influence research of temperature and shear displacemant to unsaturated soil residual strength.

Description

The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly
Technical field
The present invention relates to geotechnical engineering technical field of measurement and test, unsaturated soil staight scissors that especially a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly Instrument, available for influence of the research temperature to unsaturated soil slopes and residual strength index.
Background technology
Landslide is a kind of common geological disaster, frequently occurs and influences serious.China is man of a Ge Duo mountain countries, is come down Frequently, it brings about great losses to industrial and agricultural production and people's lives, the even destructive disaster of some.
Wherein landslide slip as landslide important component, due in the particularity and forming process of stress intricately Matter acts on so that in the properties such as its feature of fabric and physical mechanics and slip mass the soil body at other positions there are larger difference, Its intensity index is the key content of landslide stability evaluation and prediction.
Most of landslide slip is in unsaturated state, and with the replacement in season and the variation of precipitation, native unsaturation State is also continually changing.And the unsaturated soil in nature, it may have complicated engineering characteristic, therefore carry out unsaturation The residual strength experimental study of soil is very important.In addition, the temperature of the northern area soil body is variation under field conditions (factors), Including day and night temperature and circular temperature loads etc., influence of the temperature to unsaturated soil residual strength be can not ignore, therefore The residual strength research of unsaturated soil needs to consider the influence of temperature.Unsaturated soil residual strength index under different temperatures for Mechanism, the stability analysis on landslide and landslide control for coming down under the conditions of announcement Various Seasonal etc. have highly important Meaning.
At present, the protected working of landslide disaster has caused engineering circles and the extensive concern of academia, is done there are many scholar A large amount of residual strength research, and achieve significant achievement in research, but both at home and abroad existing equipment can not also carry out it is non-full With the experimental study of residual strength sheared repeatedly under native direct shear condition, can not yet evaluation temperature to the shadow of residual strength index The degree of sound, thus can not also carry out influence research of the shear displacemant for the residual strength index of unsaturated soil.
Against the above deficiency, the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly need to be explored, it is made to be directed to unsaturation Soil meets the shearing repeatedly under effective control and the different shear displacemants to test temperature, convenient for temperature and the shearing of conducting a research Influence evaluation of the displacement to unsaturated soil residual strength index.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly, solve conventional at present non- Saturated soil direct shear apparatus can not achieve the shearing repeatedly of sample, and can only be confined to room temperature and measure lacking for unsaturated soil slopes Point.Study difficult to solve influence of the different temperatures to unsaturated soil slopes, the present invention can preferable simulation reality The actual conditions that unsaturated soil temperature changes in engineering are research temperature and shear displacemant to unsaturated soil residual strength index Influence provide a kind of reliable research device.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：The unsaturated soil that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly is straight Instrument is cut, it is characterized in that：Including stent system, shear box, air-pressure chamber, environmental chamber, temperature varying system, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, hang down Straight compression system and drainage system, measurement system and control system, the stent system is by pedestal, tablet and connect base peace Several columns of plate form, and are welded with shear box bearing on the pedestal between each column, are fixedly connected with and cut on shear box bearing Box is cut, is socketed with air-pressure chamber on the outside of shear box, air-pressure chamber is socketed in environmental chamber, and temperature varying system is separately positioned on air-pressure chamber and ring In the room of border, shear box is divided into down cut box and upper shear box, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system through environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber respectively with Down cut box is connected with upper shear box, and press perpendicular system is provided with above upper shear box, and the press perpendicular system passes through It air-pressure chamber and environmental chamber and extending to above tablet and is fixedly connected with tablet, down cut cassette bottom portion is also associated with drainage system, Measurement system is also respectively connected in horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system and press perpendicular system, and the temperature varying system, horizontal reverse complex shears are cut The control unit of system is electrically connected respectively with control system, and press perpendicular system is then connected with air pump by control system.
The tablet is that quadrangle is respectively provided with round-meshed square, and four columns lower end is welded in chassis left side, column Upper end is provided with screw thread, and four columns upper end is fixed on round-meshed tablet by upper and lower two nuts, is welded on pedestal There is shear box bearing, sliding rail is provided among shear box bearing, several balls are placed on sliding rail, shearing is placed on ball Box, the shear box further include box cover, and box cover center is open and is fixedly connected with inverted draw cut, is in groove-like inside inverted draw cut, Upper shear box is fixedly connected by inverted draw cut with press perpendicular system, and box cover and upper shear box are flexibly connected by being buckled, under described Shear box lower adhesive has pottery clay plates, and upper shear box top is provided with porous plate, and sample is filled between porous plate and pottery clay plates, Several apertures are provided on the porous plate and box cover bottom plate.
The air-pressure chamber is made of cylinder and air pressure cover, and cylinder and air pressure cover are made and removable by bolt of metal It unloads connection and elastic tape is set at connection gap, elastic tape is in O shapes, and for wherein cylinder welding on shear box bearing, cylinder is right Confining pressure hole is provided at the center of side,
It is offered on front side of cylinder on the left of two through-holes of drainage system, cylinder and lower right side is offered through level repeatedly The circular hole of cutting system, cylinder upper surface center offer the circular hole through press perpendicular system, and confining pressure hole, which is circumscribed with, encloses Pressure pipe, confining pressure pipe are connect through environmental chamber with control system, several circular holes are offered on air pressure cover, each circular hole is in air-pressure chamber There are one thermocouples for the fixed installation of inner wall side.
The environmental chamber is made of left plate, right plate, front side board, four blocks of side plates of back side panel and top plate, wherein left plate, Right plate, front side board, back side panel lower face be close to shear box bearing and be vertically welded on pedestal, left plate, right plate, Be composed of a fixed connection integral structure between front side board, back side panel, and top plate passes through several bolts one and left plate, right plate, preceding Side plate, back side panel upper surface be detachably connected and sealing ring one be both provided at connection gap, be provided with water injection hole on the left of top plate, Several heating rods are provided in the environmental chamber on shear box bearing, square opening is provided on left plate, it is square The opening of shape, which is bolted, is equipped with refrigerator, and refrigerator is made of cool guide sheet, semiconductor chilling plate and thermally conductive sheet, preceding It is offered on front side of side plate through two through-holes of drainage system, right plate lower part and left plate lower part are offered through horizontal reverse complex shears The circular hole of cutting system, roof center position offer the circular hole through press perpendicular system.
The drainage system is made of water inlet pipe, drainpipe, water tank bearing and water tank, and wherein water inlet pipe and drainpipe is Hose is provided with valve one on water inlet pipe, valve two and pressure transmitter is provided on drainpipe, water inlet pipe and drainpipe are put It puts on the outside of column, water tank bearing is fixedly connected on the right side of pedestal, and water inlet pipe is circumscribed with water tank, and water tank is placed on water tank bearing On, the down cut cassette bottom portion is provided with helicla flute, is provided with inlet opening at spiral groove center, the row of being provided at spiral groove end Water hole, the down cut box front side, the corresponding inlet opening in air-pressure chamber front side and environmental chamber front side and osculum are provided with through-hole, intake The through-hole of pipe and drainpipe on front side of environmental chamber, on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of down cut box is respectively by front side of down cut box Connector one be fixedly connected with connector two with inlet opening with osculum, through-hole and water inlet on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber It manages, the gap location of drainpipe is both provided with sealing ring three.
The horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system mainly include gearbox, motor, impeller-hub, the first connector, the second connector, Transmission rod and limitation connector, wherein gearbox are bolted on pedestal right side, and motor, motor are provided in gearbox It is connected by conducting wire with control system, motor is connected with impeller-hub right end, pushing away between environmental chamber right plate and gearbox Load sensor is fixedly connected on moving axis, air-pressure chamber right side and environmental chamber lower right side are both provided with circular hole, and impeller-hub passes through The circular hole of circular hole, air-pressure chamber right side and environmental chamber lower right side is both provided with sealing ring three with impeller-hub gap location, and impeller-hub is left End is in arc-shaped and sets groove, and the first connector is welded on the right side of down cut box, and the first connector end is buckled on groove, on The second connector is welded on the left of shear box, the second connector end is buckled on the limitation connector of transmission rod right end；Air-pressure chamber Left side and environmental chamber left lower are both provided with circular hole, and transmission rod passes through circular hole, air-pressure chamber left side and environmental chamber left lower Circular hole is both provided with sealing ring three with transmission rod gap location, and dowel-supporting assembly, transmission rod are fixedly connected on the outer wing base of column Screwed circular hole is provided on bearing, transmission rod passes through dowel-supporting assembly by circular hole, and transmission rod left end is provided with locking Nut, locking nut are connected with dowel-supporting assembly by screwed circular hole.
The press perpendicular system mainly includes atmospheric pressure cavity, piston and piston rod, and wherein atmospheric pressure cavity is bolted Above tablet, opening is provided at plate center, atmospheric pressure cavity is internally provided with piston, and piston is fixedly connected with piston at center Bar, piston rod pass through the opening of plate center, pressure hole and lower pressure hole are provided with, and piston exists on the right side of the atmospheric pressure cavity Movable between upper pressure hole and lower pressure hole, the piston rod is divided into upper and lower two parts, and tablet is partially passed through on piston rod The opening at center, below the lower part upper end of piston rod and tablet between be provided with axis pressure sensor, the lower part of piston rod Divide detachably, the upper part lower end of piston rod is hollow, and the lower part upper end outer diameter of piston rod is slightly smaller than under the upper part of piston rod Internal diameter is held, the upper part lower end of piston rod and the lower part upper end of piston rod are provided with to perforation, and are connected to being set at perforation Bolt, environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber upper surface center are provided with circular hole, and the lower part of piston rod runs through environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber The circular hole of upper surface center is acted at the top of shear box, the circular hole and work of environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber upper surface center It is both provided with sealing ring two at the gap of stopper rod, the lower part of piston rod is fixedly connected with displacement stent, on environmental chamber right plate Side has been connected with fixing bracket, displacement sensor is installed on fixing bracket, piston is withstood in displacement sensor end Displacement stent on bar.
The measurement system is divided into horizontal measurement part, vertical measurement part, pressure transmitter and data collecting instrument, level The load sensor that part is provided on horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system is measured, vertical measure partly includes axis pressure sensor and position Displacement sensor, axis pressure sensor and displacement sensor are arranged in press perpendicular system, and pressure transmitter is arranged on draining system On the drainpipe of system, load sensor, axis pressure sensor, displacement sensor and pressure transmitter are external by data line On data collecting instrument.
The control system is divided into temperature-controlled portion, pressure control part and shearing property part repeatedly, the temperature varying system By being connected on temperature-controlled portion outside conducting wire, press perpendicular system is connected on pressure control part outside by forcing pipe and relief pipe, Confining pressure hole is provided at the air-pressure chamber right center, confining pressure hole is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe, circular hole is provided at environmental chamber right center, Confining pressure pipe is just passed through circular hole and is connect with pressure control part, and the gap location of circular hole and confining pressure pipe is provided with sealing ring three, gas Pressure control section is connected to by conducting wire and air inlet pipe on air pump, and horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system is controlled by conducting wire and shearing repeatedly System part is connected.
The stent system is made of the four columns of pedestal, tablet and connect base and tablet, and tablet is that quadrangle is all provided with Round-meshed square is put, four columns lower end is welded in chassis left side, and the upper end of the column is provided with screw thread, four columns upper end It is fixed on round-meshed tablet by upper and lower two nuts, shear box bearing is welded on the pedestal between four columns, Sliding rail is provided among shear box bearing, several balls are placed on sliding rail, shear box are placed on ball, under shear box includes Shear box, upper shear box and box cover, box cover center are open and are fixedly connected with inverted draw cut, and inverted draw cut inside is in groove-like, box cover It is flexibly connected with upper shear box by being buckled, the down cut box lower adhesive has pottery clay plates, and upper shear box top is provided with more Orifice plate is filled with sample, several apertures is provided on the porous plate and box cover bottom plate between porous plate and pottery clay plates；The gas Pressure chamber is made of cylinder and air pressure cover, and cylinder and air pressure cover are made of metal and are detachably connected and connected by bolt Elastic tape is set at gap, and elastic tape is in O shapes, and wherein cylinder welding is provided on shear box bearing at cylinder right center Confining pressure hole,
It is offered on front side of cylinder on the left of two through-holes of drainage system, cylinder and lower right side is offered through level repeatedly The circular hole of cutting system, cylinder upper surface center offer the circular hole through press perpendicular system, and confining pressure hole, which is circumscribed with, encloses Pressure pipe, confining pressure pipe are connect through environmental chamber with control system, several circular holes are offered on air pressure cover, each circular hole is in air-pressure chamber There are one thermocouples for the fixed installation of inner wall side；The environmental chamber is by four blocks of left plate, right plate, front side board, back side panel side plates With top plate form, wherein left plate, right plate, front side board, back side panel lower face be close to shear box bearing and vertical welding On pedestal, be composed of a fixed connection integral structure between left plate, right plate, front side board, back side panel, and top plate passes through several spiral shells Bolt one and the upper surface of left plate, right plate, front side board, back side panel are detachably connected and sealing ring are both provided at connection gap One, it is provided with water injection hole on the left of top plate, is provided with several heating rods on shear box bearing in the environmental chamber, is set on left plate There is square opening, square opening, which is bolted, is equipped with refrigerator, and refrigerator is by cool guide sheet, semiconductor Cooling piece and thermally conductive sheet composition, front side board front side are offered under two through-holes of drainage system, right plate lower part and left plate Portion offers the circular hole through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, and roof center position offers the circular hole through press perpendicular system； The drainage system is made of water inlet pipe, drainpipe, water tank bearing and water tank, and wherein water inlet pipe and drainpipe are hose, into Valve one is provided on water pipe, valve two and pressure transmitter are provided on drainpipe, water inlet pipe and drainpipe are both placed in vertical On the outside of column, water tank bearing is fixedly connected on the right side of pedestal, and water inlet pipe is circumscribed with water tank, and water tank is placed on water tank bearing, described Down cut cassette bottom portion is provided with helicla flute, and inlet opening is provided at spiral groove center, and osculum, institute are provided at spiral groove end It states on front side of down cut box, on front side of the air-pressure chamber and corresponding inlet opening in environmental chamber front side and osculum are provided with through-hole, water inlet pipe and row Through-hole of the water pipe on front side of environmental chamber, on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of down cut box passes through the connector on front side of down cut box respectively One is fixedly connected with connector two with inlet opening with osculum, the through-hole on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber and water inlet pipe, draining The gap location of pipe is both provided with sealing ring three；The horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system mainly includes gearbox, motor, impeller-hub, the A connection piece, the second connector, transmission rod and limitation connector, wherein gearbox are bolted on pedestal right side, are become Motor is provided in fast case, motor is connected by conducting wire with control system, and motor is connected with impeller-hub right end, right plate
Load sensor is fixedly connected on impeller-hub between gearbox, cylinder right side and right plate lower part are both provided with circle Hole, impeller-hub pass through circular hole, and the circular hole and impeller-hub gap location of on the right side of cylinder and right plate lower part are both provided with sealing ring three, push away Moving axis left end is in arc-shaped and sets groove, is welded with the first connector on the right side of down cut box, the first connector end is buckled in recessed On slot, the second connector is welded on the left of upper shear box, the second connector end is buckled on the limitation connector of transmission rod right end； On the left of cylinder and left plate lower part is both provided with circular hole, and transmission rod passes through circular hole, on the left of cylinder and the circular hole of left plate lower part and Transmission rod gap location is both provided with sealing ring three, is fixedly connected with dowel-supporting assembly on the outer wing base of column, on dowel-supporting assembly Screwed circular hole is provided with, transmission rod passes through dowel-supporting assembly by circular hole, and transmission rod left end is provided with locking nut, locks Tight nut is connected with dowel-supporting assembly by screwed circular hole；The press perpendicular system mainly includes atmospheric pressure cavity, work Plug and piston rod, wherein atmospheric pressure cavity are bolted above tablet, and opening is provided at plate center, is set inside atmospheric pressure cavity Piston is equipped with, piston rod is fixedly connected at piston center, piston rod passes through the opening of plate center, and the atmospheric pressure cavity is right Side is provided with pressure hole and lower pressure hole, and piston is movable between upper pressure hole and lower pressure hole, the piston rod point For upper and lower two parts, the opening of plate center is partially passed through on piston rod, under the lower part upper end of piston rod and tablet Axis pressure sensor is provided between side, the lower part of piston rod is detachable, and the upper part lower end of piston rod is hollow, under piston rod Part upper end outer diameter is slightly smaller than the upper part bottom diameter of piston rod, on the upper part lower end of piston rod and the lower part of piston rod End is provided with to perforation, and setting connection bolt, air pressure cover and cylinder upper surface center at perforation are being provided with circular hole, living The lower part of stopper rod is acted on through the circular hole of air pressure cover and cylinder upper surface center at the top of shear box, air pressure cover and circle Sealing ring two is both provided at the cylinder circular hole of upper surface center and the gap of piston rod, the lower part of piston rod is fixedly connected There is displacement stent, be connected with fixing bracket above right plate, displacement sensor, displacement are installed on fixing bracket Transducer tip withstands the displacement stent on piston rod；The measurement system is divided into horizontal measure and measures part, pressure partly, vertically Power transmitter and data collecting instrument, level measure the load sensor that part is provided on impeller-hub, and the vertical part that measures is wrapped Axis pressure sensor and displacement sensor are included, axis pressure sensor is arranged among piston rod, and displacement stent is welded on piston rod, right Fixing bracket has been connected on side plate, displacement sensor is installed on fixing bracket, displacement sensor end is withstood Displacement stent on piston rod, pressure transmitter are arranged on the drainpipe of drainage system, load sensor, axis pressure sensor, Displacement sensor and pressure transmitter outside data line by being connected on data collecting instrument；The control system is divided into temperature control Partly, pressure control part and repeatedly shearing property part, thermocouple, heating rod and refrigerator outside conducting wire by being connected on temperature control On part, the conducting wire of thermocouple is drawn from water injection hole, and the upper pressure hole on the right side of atmospheric pressure cavity outside forcing pipe by being connected on air pressure control On part processed, the lower pressure hole on the right side of atmospheric pressure cavity is set by being connected on pressure control part outside relief pipe at the cylinder center Confining pressure hole is equipped with, confining pressure hole is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe, and circular hole is provided at right plate center, and confining pressure pipe is just passed through circular hole and and air pressure Control section connects, and the gap location of circular hole and confining pressure pipe is provided with sealing ring three, and pressure control part passes through conducting wire and air inlet pipe It is connected on air pump, motor is connected by conducting wire with shearing property part repeatedly.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly be based on temperature varying system, can to air pressure indoor specimen temperature It is controlled, carries out the unsaturation direct shear test under different temperatures, ranging from 5 ~ 60 DEG C of temperature-controlled efficiently solves previous The difficult problem that unsaturated soil slopes under different temperatures are studied.
2. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly can not only carry out the unsaturated soil under different temperatures Direct shear test, and based on horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, the shearing repeatedly of unsaturated soil is can also be achieved, so as to carry out different temperatures Under unsaturated soil residual strength experimental study.
3. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly can control motor to set by shearing property part repeatedly Fixed a variety of different shear displacemants, can study influence degree of the different shear displacemants to unsaturated soil residual strength.
4. the method that the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly is heated using electronic cooling and heating rod, High-precision temperature control can be achieved, and be effectively shortened the alternating temperature time, improve test efficiency.
5. for the traditional approach of previous lever pressurization, in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly Press perpendicular system realizes axial pressure and axial release by the way of air pressure, has simple and convenient and easily controllable spy Point.
6. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly is provided with control system, temperature control portion can be achieved at the same time Point, pressure control part and the automation of shearing property part repeatedly, it is easy to operate.
Description of the drawings
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, say that needs make in being described below to embodiment Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some embodiments of the present invention, for For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings Attached drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
Fig. 2 is the dimensional structure diagram of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of shear box in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of box cover in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of down cut box in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
Fig. 6 is the left view of down cut box in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
Fig. 7 is the circuit theory frame of measurement system in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly Figure.
Fig. 8 is the functional block diagram of control system in the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly.
In figure, 1. pedestals；2. column；3. tablet；4. nut；5. shear box bearing；6. sliding rail；7. ball；8. down cut Box；Shear box on 9.；10. box cover；10-1. inverted draw cuts；11. pottery clay plates；12. sample；13. porous plate；14. cylinder；15. gas Pressure cover；16. circular hole；17. thermocouple；18. elastic tape；19-1. left plates；19-2. right plates；19-3 front side boards；19-4. Back side panel；20. top plate；20-1. bolt one；21. sealing ring one；22. water injection hole；23. heating rod；24. cool guide sheet；25. Semiconductor chilling plate；26. thermally conductive sheet；27. helicla flute；28. inlet opening；29. water inlet pipe；29-1. connector one；30. draining Hole；31. drainpipe；31-1. connector two；32-1. valve one；32-2. valve two；33. water tank bearing；34. water tank；35. speed change Case；36. motor；37. impeller-hub；38. groove；39. the first connector；40. the second connector；41. transmission rod；42. limitation connects Fitting；43. dowel-supporting assembly；44. locking nut；45. atmospheric pressure cavity；46. piston；47. piston rod；48-1. sealing ring two；48- 2. sealing ring three；49-1. upper pressure hole；49-2. lower pressure hole；50. connect bolt；51. load sensor；52. axis pressure sensing Device；53. displacement sensor；54. pressure transmitter；55. data line；56. data collecting instrument；57. displacement stent；It is 58. solid Fixed rack；59. control system；59-1. temperature-controlled portions；59-2. pressure control part；59-3. shearing property parts repeatedly；60. Conducting wire；61. forcing pipe；62. relief pipe；63. air inlet pipe；64. air pump；65. confining pressure hole；66. confining pressure pipe.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only the part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Base Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained without creative efforts it is all its His embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：Including stent system, shear box, air pressure Room, environmental chamber, temperature varying system, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, press perpendicular system and drainage system, measurement system and control system 59, the stent system is made of several columns 2 of pedestal 1, tablet 3 and connect base 1 and tablet 3, the bottom between each column 2 Shear box bearing 5 is welded on seat 1, shear box is fixedly connected on shear box bearing 5, air-pressure chamber is socketed on the outside of shear box, Air-pressure chamber is socketed in environmental chamber, and temperature varying system is separately positioned in air-pressure chamber and environmental chamber, and shear box is divided into 8 He of down cut box Upper shear box 9, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system are connect through environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber with down cut box 8 and upper shear box 9 respectively, on The top of shear box 9 is provided with press perpendicular system, and the press perpendicular system passes through air-pressure chamber and environmental chamber and extends to flat The top of plate 3 is simultaneously fixedly connected with tablet 3, and 8 bottom of down cut box is also associated with drainage system, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system and vertical Compression system is also respectively connected measurement system, the temperature varying system, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system control unit respectively with control System 59 processed is electrically connected, and press perpendicular system is then connected with air pump 64 by control system 59.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the tablet 3 is that quadrangle is respectively provided with round-meshed square, the welding of 2 lower end of four columns On 1 left side of pedestal, ensure the stability of stent system entirety.2 upper end of column is provided with screw thread, and 2 upper end of four columns passes through Upper and lower two nuts 4 are fixed on round-meshed tablet 3, are welded with shear box bearing 5 on pedestal 1, among shear box bearing 5 Sliding rail 6 is provided with, several balls 7 are placed on sliding rail 6, shear box is placed on ball 7, the shear box further includes box cover 10,10 center of box cover is open and is fixedly connected with inverted draw cut 10-1, passes through inside inverted draw cut 10-1 in groove-like, upper shear box 9 Inverted draw cut 10-1 is fixedly connected with press perpendicular system, and box cover 10 and upper shear box 9 are flexibly connected by being buckled, the down cut box 8 lower adhesives have pottery clay plates 11, and after applying preset pressure in air-pressure chamber, preset pressure is less than the air-entry value of pottery clay plates 11, meeting The pottery clay plates 11 for making saturation are permeable and airtight, can measure pore water pressure by the pressure transmitter 54 on drainpipe 31.On 9 top of shear box is provided with porous plate 13, and sample 12 is filled between porous plate 13 and pottery clay plates 11, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, Several apertures are provided on 10 bottom plate of the porous plate 13 and box cover, to apply air pressure to sample 12.
As shown in Figure 1, the air-pressure chamber is made of cylinder 14 and air pressure cover 15, cylinder 14 and air pressure cover 15 use metal It is made and is detachably connected by bolt and elastic tape 18 is set at connection gap, elastic tape 18 is in O shapes, ensures air-pressure chamber Leakproofness, wherein cylinder 14 are welded on shear box bearing 5, coat epoxy resin at welding gap to ensure leakproofness.Circle Confining pressure hole 65 is provided at 14 right centers of cylinder, 14 front side of cylinder is offered through two through-holes of drainage system, 14 left side of cylinder The circular hole through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system is offered with lower right side, 14 upper surface center of cylinder is offered through vertical The circular hole of straight compression system, confining pressure hole 65 are circumscribed with confining pressure pipe 66, and confining pressure pipe 66 is connect through environmental chamber with control system 59, gas Several circular holes 16 are offered on pressure cover 15, there are one thermocouples 17 in the fixed installation of air pressure chamber interior walls side for each circular hole 16.
The environmental chamber is by left plate 19-1, right plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, tetra- blocks of side plates of back side panel 19-4 and top plate 20 composition, wherein left plate 19-1, right plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, back side panel 19-4 lower face be close to shear box branch Seat 5 and is vertically welded on pedestal 1, fixed between left plate 19-1, right plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, back side panel 19-4 to connect Connect composition integral structure, top plate 20 by one 20-1 of several bolts and left plate 19-1, right plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, The upper surface of back side panel 19-4 is detachably connected and sealing ring 1 is both provided at connection gap, and 20 left side of top plate is provided with water filling Hole 22 injects air free water, 22 unsealing of water injection hole into environmental chamber before experiment by water injection hole 22.Shear box in the environmental chamber Several heating rods 23 are provided on bearing 5, square opening is provided on left plate 19-1, square opening is led to It crosses bolt and is installed with refrigerator, refrigerator is made of cool guide sheet 24, semiconductor chilling plate 25 and thermally conductive sheet 26, semiconductor system Also it is thermoelectric module for cold 25, the operation principle of semiconductor chilling plate 25 is that charge carrier is in difference in different materials Energy level, under the action of external electric field, when charge carrier is from the material of high level to the material movement of low-lying level, will discharge Go out extra energy；Conversely, when charge carrier is from the material of low-lying level to the material movement of high level, energy need to be absorbed from the external world Amount.Energy is released or is absorbed in the form of heat in the interface of different materials.So semiconductor chilling plate 25 can be caused to inhale on one side Receive heat, another side release heat.It the one of heat will be absorbed faces in environmental chamber and place, can reach the purpose of sample refrigeration. Electronic cooling and Control experiment temperature by way of heating in the present invention, to carry out temperature change to unsaturated soil slopes The influence evaluation of index.It is offered on front side of front side board 19-3 through two through-holes of drainage system, right plate 19-2 lower parts and left side Plate 19-1 lower parts offer the circular hole through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, and 20 center of top plate is offered through press perpendicular system The circular hole of system.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the drainage system is by water inlet pipe 29, drainpipe 31, water tank bearing 33 and water tank 34 Composition, wherein water inlet pipe 29 and drainpipe 31 are hose, in shear history the movement of down cut box 8 do not influenced by hose, One 32-1 of valve is provided on water inlet pipe 29, two 32-2 of valve and pressure transmitter 54, water inlet pipe 29 are provided on drainpipe 31 2 outside of column is both placed in drainpipe 31, water tank bearing 33 is fixedly connected on the right side of pedestal 1, and the water in water tank 34 is no gas Water, if the not draining during experiment, closes two 32-2 of one 32-1 of valve and valve.Water inlet pipe 29 is circumscribed with water tank 34, water Case 34 is placed on water tank bearing 33, and 8 bottom of down cut box is provided with helicla flute 27, be provided at 27 center of helicla flute into Water hole 28,27 end of helicla flute are provided with osculum 30,8 front side of down cut box, air-pressure chamber front side and environmental chamber front side Corresponding inlet opening 28 and osculum 30 are provided with through-hole, and water inlet pipe 29 and drainpipe 31 are on front side of environmental chamber, before air-pressure chamber The through-hole of 8 front side of side and down cut box passes through one 29-1 of connector on front side of down cut box 8 and two 31-1 of connector and inlet opening respectively 28 are fixedly connected with osculum 30, realize the function into draining, through-hole and water inlet pipe 29 on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber, The gap location of drainpipe 31 is both provided with three 48-2 of sealing ring.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system mainly includes gearbox 35, motor 36, impeller-hub 37th, the first connector 39, the second connector 40, transmission rod 41 and limitation connector 42, wherein gearbox 35 are bolted On 1 right side of pedestal, motor 36 is provided in gearbox 35, gearbox 35 is provided with multi gear shear rate, can be according to experiment need Shear rate is adjusted, motor 36 is connected by conducting wire 60 with control system 59, and motor 36 is connected with 37 right end of impeller-hub, Load sensor 51, air-pressure chamber right side and environment are fixedly connected on impeller-hub 37 between environmental chamber right plate and gearbox 35 Room lower right side is both provided with circular hole, and impeller-hub 37 passes through circular hole, and on the right side of air-pressure chamber and the circular hole of environmental chamber lower right side is with pushing away 37 gap location of moving axis is both provided with three 48-2 of sealing ring, and three 48-2 of sealing ring is sealed processing, and 37 left end of impeller-hub is in circular arc Shape simultaneously sets groove 38, makes relative displacement will not occur between down cut box 8 and impeller-hub 37, and 8 right side of down cut box is welded with First connector 39,39 end of the first connector are buckled on groove 38, and upper 9 left side of shear box is welded with the second connector 40, the Two connectors, 40 end is buckled on the limitation connector 42 of 41 right end of transmission rod so that upper shear box 9 will not be sent out with transmission rod 41 Raw relative displacement；On the left of air-pressure chamber and environmental chamber left lower is both provided with circular hole, and transmission rod 41 passes through circular hole, air-pressure chamber left side Three 48-2 of sealing ring is both provided with 41 gap location of transmission rod with the circular hole of environmental chamber left lower, three 48-2 of sealing ring carries out close Envelope is handled, and is fixedly connected with dowel-supporting assembly 43 on 2 outer wing base 1 of column, is provided on dowel-supporting assembly 43 screwed Circular hole, transmission rod 41 pass through dowel-supporting assembly 43 by circular hole, and 41 left end of transmission rod is provided with locking nut 44, locking nut 44 It is connected with dowel-supporting assembly 43 by screwed circular hole.
The press perpendicular system mainly includes atmospheric pressure cavity 45, piston 46 and piston rod 47, and wherein atmospheric pressure cavity 45 passes through spiral shell It tethers and is connected on the top of tablet 3, be provided with opening at 3 center of tablet, atmospheric pressure cavity 45 is internally provided with piston 46, in 46 lower end of piston Piston rod 47 is fixedly connected at the heart, piston rod 47 passes through the opening at 3 center of tablet, and 45 right side of atmospheric pressure cavity is provided with gas Press hole 49-1 and lower pressure hole 49-2, and movable, the work between upper pressure hole 49-1 and lower pressure hole 49-2 of piston 46 Stopper rod 47 divides for upper and lower two parts, the opening at 3 center of tablet is partially passed through on piston rod 47, in the lower part of piston rod 47 Point upper end and tablet are provided with axis pressure sensor 52 between 3 lower section, and the lower part of piston rod 47 is detachable, the top of piston rod 47 Point lower end is hollow, and the lower part upper end outer diameter of piston rod 47 is slightly smaller than the upper part bottom diameter of piston rod 47, piston rod 47 Upper part lower end and the lower part upper end of piston rod 47 are provided with to perforation, and to setting connection bolt 50, environmental chamber at perforation Air-pressure chamber upper surface center is provided with circular hole, the lower part of piston rod 47 runs through environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber upper surface center The circular hole of position acts on 9 top of shear box, environmental chamber and the circular hole of air-pressure chamber upper surface center and piston rod 47 Two 48-1 of sealing ring is both provided at gap, the lower part of piston rod 47 is fixedly connected with displacement stent 57, environmental chamber right plate Top has been connected with fixing bracket 58, and displacement sensor 53,53 end of displacement sensor are installed on fixing bracket 58 Withstand the displacement stent 57 on piston rod 47 in end.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 7, the measurement system is divided into horizontal measurement part, vertical measurement part, pressure transmitter 54 With data collecting instrument 56, level measures the load sensor 51 that part is provided on horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, vertical to measure Part includes axis pressure sensor 52 and displacement sensor 53, and axis pressure sensor 52 and displacement sensor 53 are arranged at press perpendicular In system, axis pressure sensor 52 and displacement sensor 53 respectively can be with the vertical of pressure at right angle that real-time measurement applies and sample 12 Deformation, pressure transmitter 54 are arranged on the drainpipe 31 of drainage system, and pore water pressure can be measured after closing two 32-2 of valve, Load sensor 51, axis pressure sensor 52, displacement sensor 53 and pressure transmitter 54 outside data line 55 by being connected on On data collecting instrument 56, data collecting instrument 56 can be with the data variation of each sensor measurement of real-time display.
As illustrated in figures 1 and 8, the control system is divided into temperature-controlled portion 59-1, pressure control part 59-2 and cuts repeatedly Control section 59-3 is cut, for the temperature varying system by being connected on temperature-controlled portion 59-1 outside conducting wire 60, conducting wire 60 has the resistance to height of waterproof The characteristics of warm, press perpendicular system outside forcing pipe 61 and relief pipe 62 by being connected on the 59-2 of pressure control part, the air pressure Confining pressure hole 65 is provided at the right center of room, confining pressure hole 65 is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe 66, is provided with circular hole at environmental chamber right center, encloses Pressure pipe 66 is just passed through circular hole and is connect with pressure control part 59-2, and the gap location of circular hole and confining pressure pipe 66 is provided with sealing ring Three 48-2, pressure control part 59-2 are connected to by conducting wire 60 and air inlet pipe 63 on air pump 64, and horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system leads to Conducting wire 60 is crossed with shearing property part 59-3 to be repeatedly connected.
Thermocouple 17 can the current temperature of test sample 12, the real-time display temperature in control system 59.It is in control On temperature-controlled portion 59-1 on system 59 after setting test temperature, if the temperature of sample 12 is less than set temperature, heating rod 23 is opened Beginning work makes the temperature of sample 12 be increased to set temperature；If the temperature of sample 12 is higher than set temperature, refrigerator starts work Make, the temperature of sample 12 is made to be reduced to set temperature.By the way of electronic cooling and heating, so as to can reach 12 constant temperature of sample Condition.
The upper pressure hole 49-1 on 45 right side of atmospheric pressure cavity outside forcing pipe 61 by being connected on the 59-2 of pressure control part, atmospheric pressure cavity The lower pressure hole 49-2 on 45 right sides outside relief pipe 62 by being connected on the 59-2 of pressure control part, and forcing pipe 61 and relief pipe 62 are not It can air inlet simultaneously.Pressure control part 59-2 is connected to by conducting wire 60 and air inlet pipe 63 on air pump 64, by operating air pressure control Part 59-2 booster air pumps 64 processed, make 61 air inlet of forcing pipe, and relief pipe 62 is vented, and apply pressure to 46 upper end of piston so that living Plug 46 is run down, and then applies axial compressive force to sample 12 by piston rod 47；Make 62 air inlet of relief pipe, 61 row of forcing pipe Gas applies pressure to 46 lower end of piston so that piston 46 is up run, and then unloads axial compressive force.It is set at cylinder right center Confining pressure hole 65 is equipped with, confining pressure hole 65 is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe 66, circular hole is provided at right plate 19-2 centers, and confining pressure pipe 66 is just passed through Circular hole is simultaneously connect with pressure control part 59-2, and the gap location of circular hole and confining pressure pipe 66 is provided with three 48-2 of sealing ring and is sealed Processing.
Shearing property part 59-3 is connected with motor 36 by conducting wire 60 repeatedly, and motor 36 is fixed with 37 right end of impeller-hub Connection, shearing property part 59-3 can control rotating and reverse for motor 36 repeatedly.It can be in shearing property part repeatedly before experiment The rotation displacement of motor 36 is set on 59-3, the rotation displacement of motor 36 is identical with the control shear displacemant of sample 12.Sample 12 Maximum control shear displacemant up to 10mm, repeatedly shearing property part 59-3 can freely set sample 12 shear displacemant and Real-time displacement can be shown in control system 59.After sample 12 reaches maximum shear displacement, motor 36 is stopped, and adjusts repeatedly Shearing property part 59-3 makes motor reversal, and shear box retracts original position.This mode is recycled, it can be achieved that the shearing repeatedly of sample 12.
The stent system is made of pedestal 1, tablet 3 and connect base 1 and the four columns of tablet 32, and tablet 3 is four Angle is respectively provided with round-meshed square, and 2 lower end of four columns is welded on 1 left side of pedestal, and 2 upper end of column is provided with screw thread, and four 2 upper end of root post is fixed on by upper and lower two nuts 4 on round-meshed tablet 3, is welded on the pedestal 1 between four columns 2 Shear box bearing 5 is connected to, sliding rail 6 is provided among shear box bearing 5, several balls 7 are placed on sliding rail 6, are placed on ball 7 There is shear box, shear box includes down cut box 8, upper shear box 9 and box cover 10, and 10 center of box cover is open and is fixedly connected with It is flexibly connected inside inverted draw cut 10-1, inverted draw cut 10-1 in groove-like, box cover 10 and upper shear box 9 by being buckled, the down cut box 8 Lower adhesive has pottery clay plates 11, and upper 9 top of shear box is provided with porous plate 13, filled with examination between porous plate 13 and pottery clay plates 11 Sample 12 is provided with several apertures on 10 bottom plate of the porous plate 13 and box cover；The air-pressure chamber is by 15 groups of cylinder 14 and air pressure cover Into cylinder 14 and air pressure cover 15 are made of metal and are detachably connected by bolt and elastic tape is set at connection gap 18, elastic tape 18 is in O shapes, and wherein cylinder 14 is welded on shear box bearing 5, and confining pressure hole is provided at 14 right center of cylinder 65,
14 front side of cylinder is offered through two through-holes of drainage system, and 14 left side of cylinder and lower right side are offered through level The circular hole of cutting system repeatedly, 14 upper surface center of cylinder offer the circular hole through press perpendicular system, confining pressure hole 65 Confining pressure pipe 66 is circumscribed with, confining pressure pipe 66 is connect through environmental chamber with control system 59, several circular holes are offered on air pressure cover 15 16, there are one thermocouples 17 in the fixed installation of air pressure chamber interior walls side for each circular hole 16；The environmental chamber is by left plate 19-1, the right side Side plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, tetra- blocks of side plates of back side panel 19-4 and top plate 20 form, wherein left plate 19-1, right plate 19-2, Front side board 19-3, back side panel 19-4 lower face be close to shear box bearing 5 and be vertically welded on pedestal 1, left plate 19-1, Be composed of a fixed connection integral structure between right plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, back side panel 19-4, and top plate 20 passes through several bolts One 20-1 and left plate 19-1, right plate 19-2, front side board 19-3, back side panel 19-4 upper surface be detachably connected and connecting sewing It is both provided with sealing ring 1 at gap, 20 left side of top plate is provided with water injection hole 22, is provided on shear box bearing 5 in the environmental chamber Several heating rods 23 are provided with square opening on left plate 19-1, and square opening is bolted peace Equipped with refrigerator, refrigerator is made of cool guide sheet 24, semiconductor chilling plate 25 and thermally conductive sheet 26, is offered on front side of front side board 19-3 Through two through-holes of drainage system, right plate 19-2 lower parts and left plate 19-1 lower parts are offered through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system Circular hole, 20 center of top plate offers the circular hole through press perpendicular system；The drainage system is by water inlet pipe 29, draining Pipe 31, water tank bearing 33 and water tank 34 form, and wherein water inlet pipe 29 and drainpipe 31 are hose, and valve is provided on water inlet pipe 29 One 32-1 of door, is provided with two 32-2 of valve and pressure transmitter 54 on drainpipe 31, water inlet pipe 29 and drainpipe 31 are both placed in 2 outside of column, water tank bearing 33 are fixedly connected on 1 right side of pedestal, and water inlet pipe 29 is circumscribed with water tank 34, and water tank 34 is placed on water tank On bearing 33,8 bottom of down cut box is provided with helicla flute 27, and helicla flute is provided with inlet opening 28, helicla flute at 27 center 27 ends are provided with osculum 30, and 28 and of inlet opening is corresponded on front side of 8 front side of down cut box, air-pressure chamber front side and environmental chamber Osculum 30 is provided with through-hole, and water inlet pipe 29 and drainpipe 31 are on front side of environmental chamber, on front side of air-pressure chamber and before down cut box 8 The through-hole of side is fixed respectively by one 29-1 of connector and two 31-1 of connector of 8 front side of down cut box and inlet opening 28 and osculum 30 It connects, the gap location of the through-hole on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber and water inlet pipe 29, drainpipe 31 is both provided with sealing ring three 48-2；The horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system mainly includes gearbox 35, motor 36, impeller-hub 37, the first connector 39, second and connects Fitting 40, transmission rod 41 and limitation connector 42, wherein gearbox 35 are bolted on 1 right side of pedestal, gearbox 35 Motor 36 is inside provided with, motor 36 is connected by conducting wire 60 with control system 59, and motor 36 is connected with 37 right end of impeller-hub, Right plate 19-2
Load sensor 51 is fixedly connected on impeller-hub 37 between gearbox 35, under 14 right side of cylinder and right plate 19-2 Portion is both provided with circular hole, and impeller-hub 37 passes through circular hole, between 14 right side of cylinder and the circular hole of right plate 19-2 lower parts and impeller-hub 37 Three 48-2 of sealing ring is both provided at gap, 37 left end of impeller-hub is in arc-shaped and sets groove 38, and 8 right side of down cut box is welded with First connector 39,39 end of the first connector are buckled on groove 38, and upper 9 left side of shear box is welded with the second connector 40, the Two connectors, 40 end is buckled on the limitation connector 42 of 41 right end of transmission rod；14 left side of cylinder and left plate 19-1 lower parts are all provided with It is equipped with circular hole, transmission rod 41 passes through circular hole, and the circular hole and 41 gap location of transmission rod of 14 left side of cylinder and left plate 19-1 lower parts are equal Three 48-2 of sealing ring is provided with, dowel-supporting assembly 43 is fixedly connected on 2 outer wing base 1 of column, is set on dowel-supporting assembly 43 There is screwed circular hole, transmission rod 41 passes through dowel-supporting assembly 43 by circular hole, and 41 left end of transmission rod is provided with locking nut 44, locking nut 44 is connected with dowel-supporting assembly 43 by screwed circular hole；The press perpendicular system mainly includes Atmospheric pressure cavity 45, piston 46 and piston rod 47, wherein atmospheric pressure cavity 45 are bolted above tablet 3, are set at 3 center of tablet There is opening, atmospheric pressure cavity 45 is internally provided with piston 46, and piston is fixedly connected with piston rod 47 at 46 lower end center, and piston rod 47 passes through The opening at 3 center of tablet, 45 right side of atmospheric pressure cavity are provided with pressure hole 49-1 and lower pressure hole 49-2, and piston 46 exists Movable between upper pressure hole 49-1 and lower pressure hole 49-2, the piston rod 47 divides for upper and lower two parts, piston rod 47 it is upper Partially pass through the opening at 3 center of tablet, below the lower part upper end of piston rod 47 and tablet 3 between be provided with axis pressure sensing Device 52, the lower part of piston rod 47 is detachable, and the upper part lower end of piston rod 47 is hollow, the lower part upper end outer diameter of piston rod 47 The slightly smaller than upper part bottom diameter of piston rod 47, the upper part lower end of piston rod 47 and the lower part upper end of piston rod 47 are provided with To perforation, and circular hole is being provided with to setting connection bolt 50, air pressure cover 15 and 14 upper surface center of cylinder at perforation, it is living Circular hole of the lower part of stopper rod 47 through 14 upper surface center of air pressure cover 15 and cylinder acts on 9 top of shear box, gas Two 48-1 of sealing ring, piston are both provided at pressure cover 15 and the circular hole of 14 upper surface center of cylinder and the gap of piston rod 47 The lower part of bar 47 is fixedly connected with displacement stent 57, and fixing bracket 58, fixed branch have been connected with above right plate 19-2 Displacement sensor 53 is installed on frame 58, the displacement stent 57 on piston rod 47 is withstood in 53 end of displacement sensor；It is described Measurement system is divided into horizontal part, vertical measurement part, pressure transmitter 54 and data collecting instrument 56, the level of measuring and measures part The load sensor 51 being provided on impeller-hub 37, the vertical part that measures include axis pressure sensor 52 and displacement sensor 53, Axis pressure sensor 52 is arranged among piston rod 47, and displacement stent 57 is welded on piston rod 47, bolt is used on right plate 19-2 Fixing bracket 58 is connected with, displacement sensor 53 is installed on fixing bracket 58, piston is withstood in 53 end of displacement sensor Displacement stent 57 on bar 47, pressure transmitter 54 are arranged on the drainpipe 31 of drainage system, and load sensor 51, axis pressure pass Sensor 52, displacement sensor 53 and pressure transmitter 54 outside data line 55 by being connected on data collecting instrument 56；It is described Control system is divided into temperature-controlled portion 59-1, pressure control part 59-2 and repeatedly shearing property part 59-3, thermocouple 17, heating By being connected on temperature-controlled portion 59-1 outside conducting wire 60, the conducting wire 60 of thermocouple 17 draws from water injection hole 22 for stick 23 and refrigerator Go out, for the upper pressure hole 49-1 on 45 right side of atmospheric pressure cavity by being connected on the 59-2 of pressure control part outside forcing pipe 61, atmospheric pressure cavity 45 is right The lower pressure hole 49-2 of side is provided at 14 center of cylinder and encloses by being connected on the 59-2 of pressure control part outside relief pipe 62 Hole 65 is pressed, confining pressure hole 65 is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe 66, circular hole is provided at right plate 19-2 centers, and confining pressure pipe 66 is just passed through circular hole simultaneously It is connect with pressure control part 59-2, the gap location of circular hole and confining pressure pipe 66 is provided with three 48-2 of sealing ring, pressure control part 59-2 is connected to by conducting wire 60 and air inlet pipe 63 on air pump 64, and motor 36 passes through conducting wire 60 and shearing property part 59-3 repeatedly It is connected.
The test procedure of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly is as follows：
1. prepared by sample
Soil is formulated into specified quality moisture content first.Then the sample 12 of default dry density is prepared with cutting ring.
2. sample is installed
One 20-1 of bolt on top plate 20 is shed first, is removed top plate 20, and shed the bolt on air pressure cover 15, is removed air pressure cover 15；Then upper shear box 9 and down cut box 8 are aligned, the pottery clay plates 11 of saturation are bonded on down cut box 8, by sample 12 In shear box, sample 12 need to be close to pottery clay plates 11, and centre cannot be sequentially placed there are air and gap on sample 12 Shear box is placed on ball 7 by porous plate 13 and box cover 10, and the first connector 39 is made to be buckled on 37 left end of impeller-hub, and second Connector 40 is buckled on the limitation connector 42 of 41 right end of transmission rod so that shear surface is located at the centre position of sample 12.Finally Air pressure cover 15 is fixed on cylinder 14 with bolt.
Sealing ring 1 is placed on side plate, top plate 20 is connect by one 20-1 of bolt with side plate.Then by thermocouple 17 and the conducting wire 60 of heating rod 23 drawn from water injection hole 22, and pass through water injection hole 22 and air free water is injected into environmental chamber.And it allows The lower end of 47 lower part of piston rod passes through the circular hole at 15 center of top plate 20 and air pressure cover, then with connecting bolt 50 by piston rod 47 Upper and lower part is fixedly connected, and piston rod 45 contacts inverted draw cut 10-1 and return to zero axis pressure sensor 52 and displacement sensor 53 at this time.Most The upper pressure hole 49-1 and lower pressure hole 49-2 on 45 right side of atmospheric pressure cavity are connected to respectively by forcing pipe 61 and relief pipe 62 afterwards On the 59-2 of pressure control part, air pump 64 is connected on the 59-2 of pressure control part, pressure control part 59-2 is adjusted, to examination Sample 12 applies 10kPa vertical loads, it is ensured that the close contact of sample 12 and pottery clay plates 11.
3. adjust temperature
Thermocouple 17, refrigerator and heating rod 23 are connected on temperature-controlled portion 59-1 outside successively, the temperature control in control system 59 After setting test temperature on the 59-1 of part, if the temperature of sample 12 is less than set temperature, heating rod 23 is started to work, and makes sample 12 temperature is increased to set temperature；If the temperature of sample 12 is higher than set temperature, refrigerator is started to work, and makes sample 12 Temperature is reduced to set temperature.
4. exhaust
Air free water is added in water tank 34, two 32-2 of one 32-1 of valve and valve is opened, air free water is allowed to flow through 8 bottom of down cut box 30s is rinsed in portion, two 32-2 of one 32-1 of valve and valve is closed, to wash away the bubble under pottery clay plates 11.In draining after the completion of exhaust 31 end of pipe, which is placed, measures container, to measure displacement.Finally pressure transmitter 54 is external on data collecting instrument 56 simultaneously Zeroing.
5. suction equalization
Adjust two 32-2 of pressure control part 59-2 and valve so that the hole under air pressure and pottery clay plates 11 inside air-pressure chamber Gap water pressure reaches stable, then may be such that sample 12 progressivelyes reach stable matric suction.Then pressure control part 59- is adjusted 2, apply the axial compressive force needed for experiment.Deformation and the draining stabilization of sample 12 need the regular hour, are aligned every two hours The water in displacement and measurement container that displacement sensor 53 measures is recorded.The stability criterion of deformation is：Every two hours sample 12 deflection is no more than 0.01mm, and the stability criterion of draining is：12 draining of sample is measured in 24 h or water absorption is less than sample The 0.02% of 12 volumes, the time needed for the suction equalization stage depend on the difference between target suction and incipient suction force.
6. it shears repeatedly
Repeatedly shearing be divided into draining shear repeatedly and not draining shear two kinds repeatedly.
1）Draining is sheared repeatedly.12 temperature of sample stablize and matric suction stablize it is constant in the case of, keep valve two 32-2 is opened, and 12 shear displacemant of sample is set first on shearing property part 59-3 repeatedly, and is adjusted the setting of gearbox 35 and cut Then cutting speed rate starts motor 36, and the load sensor 51 that returns to zero.After reaching setting shear displacemant, motor 36 is stopped, and adjusts Shearing property part 59-3 allows motor 36 to invert to section repeatedly, and shear box retracts original position.After waiting for half an hour, cut for the second time It cuts, so shearing is multiple repeatedly, and the shearing reading that load sensor 51 measures when last shearing twice is until.
2）Not draining is sheared repeatedly.12 temperature of sample stablize and matric suction stablize it is constant in the case of, close valve Two 32-2 set 12 shear displacemant of sample first on shearing property part 59-3 repeatedly, and adjust the setting shearing of gearbox 35 Then rate starts motor 36, and the load sensor 51 that returns to zero.After reaching setting shear displacemant, motor 36 is stopped, and adjusts Shearing property part 59-3 allows motor 36 to invert repeatedly, and shear box retracts original position.After waiting for half an hour, carry out second and shear, So shearing is multiple repeatedly, and the shearing reading that load sensor 51 measures when last shearing twice is until.
7. remove sample
After the test, connection bolt 50 is unclamped, removes 47 lower part of piston rod, extracts the indoor air free water of environment, removes spiral shell One 20-1 of bolt simultaneously removes top plate 20, then removes the bolt on air pressure cover 15 and remove air pressure cover 15, then adjusts shearing control repeatedly Part 59-3 processed allows motor 36 to invert, and shear box retracts original position.Shear box is finally removed, takes out sample 12.
The characteristics of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention is sheared repeatedly, is, based on temperature varying system and horizontal reverse Complex shears cutting system, 12 temperature of sample and refrigerator can be increased by heating rod 23 reduces by 12 temperature of sample, it can be achieved that high-precision Temperature controls.The first connector 39, the second connector 40 and limitation connector 42 are provided in horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, can be made Relative displacement will not occur for upper shear box 9 and transmission rod 41, down cut box 8 and impeller-hub 37, realize the level of sample 12 It shears repeatedly, while shearing property part 59-3 can freely set the shear displacemant of sample 12 repeatedly.A kind of Temperature Control Type of the present invention The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus sheared repeatedly can carry out the repetitive direct shear research of the unsaturated soil under different temperatures, to comment Valency temperature and shear displacemant provide a kind of convenient and reliable approach to the influence degree of unsaturated soil residual strength index, have Good application value.
Above-described embodiment is that the above of the present invention is further described, but this should not be interpreted as to the present invention's Protection domain is only limitted to above-described embodiment.It is every that technical scheme of the present invention is modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from The objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
It is to be appreciated that the directional instruction of institute in the embodiment of the present invention（Such as up, down, left, right, before and after ...）Only use In explanation in a certain particular pose（As shown in drawings）Under relative position relation, motion conditions between each component etc., if should When particular pose changes, then directionality instruction also correspondingly changes correspondingly.
In addition, the description for being related to " first ", " second " etc. in the present invention be only used for description purpose, and it is not intended that Indicate or imply its relative importance or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Define as a result, " first ", " At least one this feature can be expressed or be implicitly included to second " feature.
In addition, the technical solution between each embodiment can be combined with each other, but must be with ordinary skill Personnel can be implemented as basis, and this technical side is will be understood that when the combination appearance of technical solution is conflicting or can not realize The combination of case is not present, also not the present invention claims protection domain within.The component and knot that the present embodiment does not describe in detail The well-known components and common structure or conventional means of the structure category industry, do not describe one by one here.

Claims (10)

1. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：Including stent system, shear box, air-pressure chamber, Environmental chamber, temperature varying system, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system, press perpendicular system and drainage system, measurement system and control system （59）, the stent system is by pedestal（1）, tablet（3）And connect base（1）And tablet（3）Several columns（2）Composition, respectively Column（2）Between pedestal（1）On be welded with shear box bearing（5）, shear box bearing（5）On be fixedly connected with shear box, cut It cuts and is socketed with air-pressure chamber on the outside of box, air-pressure chamber is socketed in environmental chamber, and temperature varying system is separately positioned in air-pressure chamber and environmental chamber, Shear box is divided into down cut box（8）With upper shear box（9）, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system is through environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber respectively under Shear box（8）With upper shear box（9）Connection, upper shear box（9）Top be provided with press perpendicular system, the press perpendicular system System is across air-pressure chamber and environmental chamber and extends to tablet（3）Top and and tablet（3）It is fixedly connected, down cut box（8）Bottom is also Drainage system is connected with, measurement system, the alternating temperature system is also respectively connected in horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system and press perpendicular system System, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system control unit respectively with control system（59）Electrical connection, press perpendicular system then pass through control System（59）It is connected with air pump（64）.
2. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The tablet （3）It is that quadrangle is both provided with circular hole（16）Square, four columns（2）Lower end is welded on pedestal（1）On left side, column（2） Upper end is provided with screw thread, four columns（2）Upper end passes through upper and lower two nuts（4）It is fixed on circular hole（16）Tablet（3） On, pedestal（1）On be welded with shear box bearing（5）, shear box bearing（5）Centre is provided with sliding rail（6）, sliding rail（6）Upper placement There are several balls（7）, ball（7）On be placed with shear box, the shear box further includes box cover（10）, box cover（10）Centre bit It puts opening and is fixedly connected with inverted draw cut（10-1）, inverted draw cut（10-1）Inside is in groove-like, upper shear box（9）Pass through inverted draw cut（10-1） It is fixedly connected with press perpendicular system, box cover（10）With upper shear box（9）It is flexibly connected by being buckled, the down cut box（8） Lower adhesive has pottery clay plates（11）, upper shear box（9）Top is provided with porous plate（13）, porous plate（13）And pottery clay plates（11）It Between be filled with sample（12）, the porous plate（13）And box cover（10）Several apertures are provided on bottom plate.
3. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The air pressure Room is by cylinder（14）With air pressure cover（15）Composition, cylinder（14）With air pressure cover（15）It is made of metal and removable by bolt It unloads connection and elastic tape is set at connection gap（18）, elastic tape（18）In O shapes, wherein cylinder（14）It is welded on shear box branch Seat（5）On, cylinder（14）Confining pressure hole is provided at right center（65）, cylinder（14）Front side is offered through drainage system two Through-hole, cylinder（14）Left side and lower right side offer the circular hole through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system（16）, cylinder（14）On End face center position offers the circular hole through press perpendicular system（16）, confining pressure hole（65）It is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe（66）, confining pressure Pipe（66）Through environmental chamber and control system（59）Connection, air pressure cover（15）On offer several circular holes（16）（16）, each Circular hole（16）（16）Thermocouple there are one being fixedly mounted in air pressure chamber interior walls side（17）.
4. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The environment Room is by left plate（19-1）, right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, back side panel（19-4）Four blocks of side plates and top plate（20）Group Into wherein left plate（19-1）, right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, back side panel（19-4）Lower face be close to shear Box bearing（5）And it is vertically welded in pedestal（1）On, left plate（19-1）, right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, back side panel （19-4）Between be composed of a fixed connection integral structure, top plate（20）Pass through several bolts one（20-1）With left plate（19-1）、 Right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, back side panel（19-4）Upper surface be detachably connected and be both provided at connection gap Sealing ring one（21）, top plate（20）Left side is provided with water injection hole（22）, shear box bearing in the environmental chamber（5）On be provided with it is several A heating rod（23）, left plate（19-1）On be provided with square opening, square opening is bolted peace Equipped with refrigerator, refrigerator is by cool guide sheet（24）, semiconductor chilling plate（25）And thermally conductive sheet（26）Composition, front side board（19-3）Before Side is offered through two through-holes of drainage system, right plate（19-2）Lower part and left plate（19-1）Lower part is offered through level The circular hole of cutting system repeatedly（16）, top plate（20）Center offers the circular hole through press perpendicular system（16）.
5. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 or 2 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：It is described Drainage system is by water inlet pipe（29）, drainpipe（31）, water tank bearing（33）And water tank（34）Composition, wherein water inlet pipe（29）And row Water pipe（31）It is hose, water inlet pipe（29）On be provided with valve one（32-1）, drainpipe（31）On be provided with valve two（32- 2）And pressure transmitter（54）, water inlet pipe（29）And drainpipe（31）It is both placed in column（2）Outside, water tank bearing（33）It is fixed It is connected to pedestal（1）Right side, water inlet pipe（29）It is circumscribed with water tank（34）, water tank（34）It is placed on water tank bearing（33）On, it is described Down cut box（8）Bottom is provided with helicla flute（27）, helicla flute（27）Inlet opening is provided at center（28）, helicla flute（27）End Osculum is provided at end（30）, the down cut box（8）Inlet opening is corresponded on front side of front side, air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber（28） And osculum（30）It is provided with through-hole, water inlet pipe（29）And drainpipe（31）On front side of the environmental chamber, on front side of air-pressure chamber and under Shear box（8）The through-hole of front side passes through down cut box respectively（8）The connector one of front side（29-1）With connector two（31-1）And water inlet Hole（28）And osculum（30）It is fixedly connected, through-hole and water inlet pipe on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber（29）, drainpipe （31）Gap location be both provided with sealing ring three（48-2）.
6. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The level Cutting system mainly includes gearbox repeatedly（35）, motor（36）, impeller-hub（37）, the first connector（39）, the second connector （40）, transmission rod（41）With limitation connector（42）, wherein gearbox（35）It is bolted on pedestal（1）On right side, become Fast case（35）Inside it is provided with motor（36）, motor（36）Pass through conducting wire（60）With control system（59）It is connected, motor（36）With Impeller-hub（37）Right end is connected, environmental chamber right plate and gearbox（35）Between impeller-hub（37）On be fixedly connected with loading Sensor（51）, air-pressure chamber right side and environmental chamber lower right side are both provided with circular hole（16）, impeller-hub（37）Across circular hole（16）, Air-pressure chamber right side and the circular hole of environmental chamber lower right side（16）With impeller-hub（37）Gap location is both provided with sealing ring three（48-2）, Impeller-hub（37）Left end is in arc-shaped and sets groove（38）, down cut box（8）Right side is welded with the first connector（39）, first Connector（39）End is buckled in groove（38）On, upper shear box（9）Left side is welded with the second connector（40）, the second connector （40）End is buckled in transmission rod（41）The limitation connector of right end（42）On；It is respectively provided on the left of air-pressure chamber with environmental chamber left lower There is circular hole（16）, transmission rod（41）Across circular hole（16）, on the left of air-pressure chamber and the circular hole of environmental chamber left lower（16）With power transmission Bar（41）Gap location is both provided with sealing ring three（48-2）, column（2）Outer wing base（1）On be fixedly connected with dowel-supporting assembly （43）, dowel-supporting assembly（43）On be provided with screwed circular hole（16）, transmission rod（41）Pass through circular hole（16）Across power transmission Rod bearing（43）, transmission rod（41）Left end is provided with locking nut（44）, locking nut（44）With dowel-supporting assembly（43）Pass through Screwed circular hole（16）It is connected.
7. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：It is described vertical Compression system mainly includes atmospheric pressure cavity（45）, piston（46）And piston rod（47）, wherein atmospheric pressure cavity（45）It is bolted Tablet（3）Top, tablet（3）Opening, atmospheric pressure cavity are provided at center（45）It is internally provided with piston（46）, piston（46）Lower end Piston rod is fixedly connected at center（47）, piston rod（47）Across tablet（3）The opening at center, the atmospheric pressure cavity（45）Right side It is provided with pressure hole（49-1）With lower pressure hole（49-2）, and piston（46）In upper pressure hole（49-1）With lower pressure hole（49- 2）Between movable, the piston rod（47）It is divided into upper and lower two parts, piston rod（47）On partially pass through tablet（3）Center Opening, in piston rod（47）Lower part upper end and tablet（3）Axis pressure sensor is provided between lower section（52）, piston rod （47）Lower part it is detachable, piston rod（47）Upper part lower end it is hollow, piston rod（47）Lower part upper end outer diameter it is slightly smaller In piston rod（47）Upper part bottom diameter, piston rod（47）Upper part lower end and piston rod（47）Lower part upper end open Have to perforation, and to setting connection bolt at perforation（50）, environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber upper surface center are provided with circular hole （16）, piston rod（47）Lower part through environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber upper surface center circular hole（16）Act on shearing Box（9）The circular hole of top, environmental chamber and air-pressure chamber upper surface center（16）With piston rod（47）Gap at be both provided with Sealing ring two（48-1）, piston rod（47）Lower part be fixedly connected with displacement stent（57）, environmental chamber right plate top spiral shell It tethers and is connected to fixing bracket（58）, fixing bracket（58）On be installed with displacement sensor（53）, displacement sensor（53）End Withstand piston rod in end（47）On displacement stent（57）.
8. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The measurement System is divided into horizontal measurement part, vertical measurement part, pressure transmitter（54）And data collecting instrument（56）, level measurement part The load sensor being provided on horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system（51）, the vertical part that measures includes axis pressure sensor（52）And position Displacement sensor（53）, axis pressure sensor（52）And displacement sensor（53）It is arranged in press perpendicular system, pressure transmitter （54）It is arranged on the drainpipe of drainage system（31）On, load sensor（51）, axis pressure sensor（52）, displacement sensor（53） And pressure transmitter（54）Pass through data line（55）It is connected on data collecting instrument outside（56）On.
9. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The control System is divided into temperature-controlled portion（59-1）, pressure control part（59-2）Shearing property part repeatedly（59-3）, the alternating temperature system System passes through conducting wire（60）It is connected on temperature-controlled portion outside（59-1）On, press perpendicular system passes through forcing pipe（61）And relief pipe（62）Outside It is connected on pressure control part（59-2）On, it is provided with confining pressure hole at the air-pressure chamber right center（65）, confining pressure hole（65）It is external There is confining pressure pipe（66）, circular hole is provided at environmental chamber right center（16）, confining pressure pipe（66）It is just passed through circular hole（16）And and air pressure Control section（59-2）Connection, circular hole（16）With confining pressure pipe（66）Gap location be provided with sealing ring three（48-2）, pressure control Part（59-2）Pass through conducting wire（60）And air inlet pipe（63）It is connected to air pump（64）On, horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system passes through conducting wire （60）With shearing property part repeatedly（59-3）It is connected.
10. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type according to claim 1 is sheared repeatedly, it is characterized in that：The branch Frame system is by pedestal（1）, tablet（3）And connect base（1）And tablet（3）Four columns（2）Composition, tablet（3）It is quadrangle It is both provided with circular hole（16）Square, four columns（2）Lower end is welded on pedestal（1）On left side, column（2）Upper end is provided with Screw thread, four columns（2）Upper end passes through upper and lower two nuts（4）It is fixed on circular hole（16）Tablet（3）On, four columns （2）Between pedestal（1）On be welded with shear box bearing（5）, shear box bearing（5）Centre is provided with sliding rail（6）, sliding rail（6） On be placed with several balls（7）, ball（7）On be placed with shear box, shear box includes down cut box（8）, upper shear box（9）With Box cover（10）, box cover（10）Center is open and is fixedly connected with inverted draw cut（10-1）, inverted draw cut（10-1）Inside is in groove-like, box Lid（10）With upper shear box（9）It is flexibly connected by being buckled, the down cut box（8）Lower adhesive has pottery clay plates（11）, above cut Cut box（9）Top is provided with porous plate（13）, porous plate（13）And pottery clay plates（11）Between be filled with sample（12）, it is described porous Plate（13）And box cover（10）Several apertures are provided on bottom plate；The air-pressure chamber is by cylinder（14）With air pressure cover（15）Composition, circle Cylinder（14）With air pressure cover（15）It is made of metal and is detachably connected by bolt and elastic tape is set at connection gap （18）, elastic tape（18）In O shapes, wherein cylinder（14）It is welded on shear box bearing（5）On, cylinder（14）It is set at right center There is confining pressure hole（65）, cylinder（14）Front side is offered through two through-holes of drainage system, cylinder（14）Left side and lower right side are equal Offer the circular hole through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system（16）, cylinder（14）Upper surface center is offered through press perpendicular The circular hole of system（16）, confining pressure hole（65）It is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe（66）, confining pressure pipe（66）Through environmental chamber and control system（59） Connection, air pressure cover（15）On offer several circular holes（16）（16）, each circular hole（16）（16）Consolidate in air pressure chamber interior walls side There are one thermocouples for Dingan County's dress（17）；The environmental chamber is by left plate（19-1）, right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, after Side plate（19-4）Four blocks of side plates and top plate（20）Composition, wherein left plate（19-1）, right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）、 Back side panel（19-4）Lower face be close to shear box bearing（5）And it is vertically welded in pedestal（1）On, left plate（19-1）, it is right Side plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, back side panel（19-4）Between be composed of a fixed connection integral structure, top plate（20）By several A bolt one（20-1）With left plate（19-1）, right plate（19-2）, front side board（19-3）, back side panel（19-4）Upper surface can Sealing ring one is both provided at dismantling connection and connection gap（21）, top plate（20）Left side is provided with water injection hole（22）, the environment Indoor shear box bearing（5）On be provided with several heating rods（23）, left plate（19-1）On be provided with square opening, The opening of square, which is bolted, is equipped with refrigerator, and refrigerator is by cool guide sheet（24）, semiconductor chilling plate（25）With Thermally conductive sheet（26）Composition, front side board（19-3）Front side is offered through two through-holes of drainage system, right plate（19-2）Lower part and Left plate（19-1）Lower part offers the circular hole through horizontal reverse complex shears cutting system（16）, top plate（20）Center, which offers, to be passed through Wear the circular hole of press perpendicular system（16）；The drainage system is by water inlet pipe（29）, drainpipe（31）, water tank bearing（33）And water Case（34）Composition, wherein water inlet pipe（29）And drainpipe（31）It is hose, water inlet pipe（29）On be provided with valve one（32-1）, Drainpipe（31）On be provided with valve two（32-2）And pressure transmitter（54）, water inlet pipe（29）And drainpipe（31）It is both placed in Column（2）Outside, water tank bearing（33）It is fixedly connected on pedestal（1）Right side, water inlet pipe（29）It is circumscribed with water tank（34）, water tank （34）It is placed on water tank bearing（33）On, the down cut box（8）Bottom is provided with helicla flute（27）, helicla flute（27）At center It is provided with inlet opening（28）, helicla flute（27）End is provided with osculum（30）, the down cut box（8）Front side, air-pressure chamber Corresponding inlet opening on front side of front side and environmental chamber（28）And osculum（30）It is provided with through-hole, water inlet pipe（29）And drainpipe（31） Through environmental chamber front side, air-pressure chamber front side and down cut box（8）The through-hole of front side passes through down cut box respectively（8）The connector of front side One（29-1）With connector two（31-1）And inlet opening（28）And osculum（30）It is fixedly connected, on front side of air-pressure chamber and on front side of environmental chamber Through-hole and water inlet pipe（29）, drainpipe（31）Gap location be both provided with sealing ring three（48-2）；The horizontal reverse complex shears is cut System mainly includes gearbox（35）, motor（36）, impeller-hub（37）, the first connector（39）, the second connector（40）, power transmission Bar（41）With limitation connector（42）, wherein gearbox（35）It is bolted on pedestal（1）On right side, gearbox（35）It is interior It is provided with motor（36）, motor（36）Pass through conducting wire（60）With control system（59）It is connected, motor（36）With impeller-hub（37） Right end is connected, right plate（19-2）And gearbox（35）Between impeller-hub（37）On be fixedly connected with load sensor （51）, cylinder（14）Right side and right plate（19-2）Lower part is both provided with circular hole（16）, impeller-hub（37）Across circular hole（16）, circle Cylinder（14）Right side and right plate（19-2）The circular hole of lower part（16）With impeller-hub（37）Gap location is both provided with sealing ring three（48- 2）, impeller-hub（37）Left end is in arc-shaped and sets groove（38）, down cut box（8）Right side is welded with the first connector（39）, First connector（39）End is buckled in groove（38）On, upper shear box（9）Left side is welded with the second connector（40）, the second connection Part（40）End is buckled in transmission rod（41）The limitation connector of right end（42）On；Cylinder（14）Left side and left plate（19-1）Lower part It is both provided with circular hole（16）, transmission rod（41）Across circular hole（16）, cylinder（14）Left side and left plate（19-1）The circular hole of lower part （16）With transmission rod（41）Gap location is both provided with sealing ring three（48-2）, column（2）Outer wing base（1）On be fixedly connected with biography Power rod bearing（43）, dowel-supporting assembly（43）On be provided with screwed circular hole（16）, transmission rod（41）Pass through circular hole（16） Across dowel-supporting assembly（43）, transmission rod（41）Left end is provided with locking nut（44）, locking nut（44）With dowel-supporting assembly （43）Pass through screwed circular hole（16）It is connected；The press perpendicular system mainly includes atmospheric pressure cavity（45）, piston（46） And piston rod（47）, wherein atmospheric pressure cavity（45）It is bolted in tablet（3）Top, tablet（3）Opening is provided at center, Atmospheric pressure cavity（45）It is internally provided with piston（46）, piston（46）Lower end is fixedly connected with piston rod at center（47）, piston rod（47） Across tablet（3）The opening at center, the atmospheric pressure cavity（45）Right side is provided with pressure hole（49-1）With lower pressure hole（49- 2）, and piston（46）In upper pressure hole（49-1）With lower pressure hole（49-2）Between movable, the piston rod（47）Be divided into, Lower two parts, piston rod（47）On partially pass through tablet（3）The opening at center, in piston rod（47）Lower part upper end and Tablet（3）Axis pressure sensor is provided between lower section（52）, piston rod（47）Lower part it is detachable, piston rod（47）Top Divide lower end hollow, piston rod（47）Lower part upper end outer diameter be slightly smaller than piston rod（47）Upper part bottom diameter, piston rod （47）Upper part lower end and piston rod（47）Lower part upper end be provided with to perforation, and at perforation setting connection bolt （50）, air pressure cover（15）And cylinder（14）Upper surface center is provided with circular hole（16）, piston rod（47）Lower part run through Air pressure cover（15）And cylinder（14）The circular hole of upper surface center（16）Act on shear box（9）Top, air pressure cover（15） And cylinder（14）The circular hole of upper surface center（16）With piston rod（47）Gap at be both provided with sealing ring two（48-1）, Piston rod（47）Lower part be fixedly connected with displacement stent（57）, right plate（19-2）Top has been connected with fixing bracket （58）, fixing bracket（58）On be installed with displacement sensor（53）, displacement sensor（53）Withstand piston rod in end（47） On displacement stent（57）；The measurement system is divided into horizontal measurement part, vertical measurement part, pressure transmitter（54）Sum number According to Acquisition Instrument（56）, level, which measures, is partly provided in impeller-hub（37）On load sensor（51）, the vertical part that measures is wrapped Include axis pressure sensor（52）And displacement sensor（53）, axis pressure sensor（52）It is arranged on piston rod（47）Centre, piston rod （47）On be welded with displacement stent（57）, right plate（19-2）On be connected with fixing bracket（58）, fixing bracket（58） On be installed with displacement sensor（53）, displacement sensor（53）Withstand piston rod in end（47）On displacement stent（57）, Pressure transmitter（54）It is arranged on the drainpipe of drainage system（31）On, load sensor（51）, axis pressure sensor（52）, displacement Sensor（53）And pressure transmitter（54）Pass through data line（55）It is connected on data collecting instrument outside（56）On；The control System is divided into temperature-controlled portion（59-1）, pressure control part（59-2）Shearing property part repeatedly（59-3）, thermocouple（17）、 Heating rod（23）Pass through conducting wire with refrigerator（60）It is connected on temperature-controlled portion outside（59-1）On, thermocouple（17）Conducting wire（60）From Water injection hole（22）Middle extraction, atmospheric pressure cavity（45）The upper pressure hole on right side（49-1）Pass through forcing pipe（61）It is connected on pressure control portion outside Point（59-2）On, atmospheric pressure cavity（45）The lower pressure hole on right side（49-2）Pass through relief pipe（62）It is connected on pressure control part outside（59- 2）On, the cylinder（14）Confining pressure hole is provided at center（65）, confining pressure hole（65）It is circumscribed with confining pressure pipe（66）, right plate（19- 2）Circular hole is provided at center（16）, confining pressure pipe（66）It is just passed through circular hole（16）And with pressure control part（59-2）Connection, circle Hole（16）With confining pressure pipe（66）Gap location be provided with sealing ring three（48-2）, pressure control part（59-2）Pass through conducting wire（60） And air inlet pipe（63）It is connected to air pump（64）On, motor（36）Pass through conducting wire（60）With shearing property part repeatedly（59-3）It is connected It connects.
CN201711472578.7A 2017-12-29 2017-12-29 The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus that a kind of Temperature Control Type is sheared repeatedly Pending CN108152151A (en)

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CN112485131A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-12 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 Unsaturated shear strength parameter test device and unsaturated shear strength parameter test method for soil-rock mixture
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Application publication date: 20180612