CN113740179B - Multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and method - Google Patents
Multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113740179B CN113740179B CN202110998580.8A CN202110998580A CN113740179B CN 113740179 B CN113740179 B CN 113740179B CN 202110998580 A CN202110998580 A CN 202110998580A CN 113740179 B CN113740179 B CN 113740179B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
Abstract
The invention discloses a multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and a method, and the multipurpose on-site shearing instrument comprises a base, and a slide rail device, a loading device and a driving device which are arranged on the upper end surface of the base, wherein a through hole for passing through a shearing box is formed in the base; the driving device is arranged on one side of the moving device, the shearing box comprises an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box, the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are connected through a connecting piece, the upper shearing box is detachably connected with the lower end of the loading device, and the lower shearing box is detachably connected with the base; the multifunctional requirements of interface shearing, direct shearing and the like of different types can be realized by installing different components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and a method.
Background
Currently, in the technical field of geotechnical engineering, research aiming at different types of geotechnical interfaces begins to become a hotspot, and the prior art mainly comprises two modes of indoor test and field test aiming at the research of the problems of the interfaces. The indoor test can accurately measure different mechanical parameters, is accurate and reliable, is a main research means at present, is limited by the size of a sample, and cannot objectively and accurately reflect the real property of an interface; the field test is always used as an auxiliary research means for reasons of high cost, long period and the like, and most of the existing field tests have the problems that test errors cannot be controlled due to lack of a set of test instruments, and the test precision is in urgent need of improvement. And the current test instrument has the following problems: (1) the instrument has large volume and heavy mass, and the test process needs two to three persons to finish simultaneously; (2) the instrument can only test the shearing property of the sample, and can detect the change in the sample after being modified; (3) horizontal thrust in the instrument is provided by a servo electric cylinder, and the use of the instrument is limited by field power supply conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and a method, provides a high-standard experimental instrument for interface research in the field of geotechnical engineering, and solves the problems of unrepresentative measurement results caused by small sample size, large disturbance and the like in indoor experimental research, large and uncontrollable field test errors and the like
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a multipurpose on-site shearing instrument comprises a base, and a slide rail device, a loading device and a driving device which are arranged on the upper end surface of the base, wherein a through hole for passing through a shearing box is formed in the base; the driving device is arranged on one side of the moving device and used for driving the loading device to move, the shearing box comprises an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box, the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are connected through a connecting piece, an opening plate is arranged at the bottom of the lower shearing box, the upper shearing box is detachably connected with the lower end of the loading device, and the lower shearing box is detachably connected with the base.
Further, the hinge lever device includes that the base is connected with the lower chain pole and the cochain pole of rotation in the base, and lower chain pole and cochain pole are equallyd divide into long section and short section, are the right angle between long section and the short section, and the short section of lower chain pole articulates with the short section of cochain pole, and the long section of lower chain pole is parallel and be an contained angle with the base with the long section of cochain pole, and the bearing is installed to the long section tip of cochain pole.
Further, at least 4 hinge lever devices are arranged.
Furthermore, the loading device further comprises a fixing device and a supporting device, one end of the supporting device is connected with the sliding rail device, the other end of the supporting device is horizontally provided with the fixing device, and the fixing device is provided with a through hole for placing a loading box cover.
Furthermore, fixing device includes an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate, and is parallel between upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate, and open the through-hole that places the loading case lid on upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate, the loading case lid can be dismantled with the upper fixed plate and be connected.
Furthermore, the loading box cover consists of a bottom cover and a top cover matched with the bottom cover, the loading box cover is hollow, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged on the bottom cover, and the pressure sensors are used for detecting the pressure applied to the loading box cover by the loading device; the upper end face of the top cover is provided with two groups of chain rod slide rails, the chain rod slide rails are matched with the hinge lever device to control the movement direction of the hinge lever device, the lower end face of the top cover is provided with a sensor top cap, and the sensor top cap is matched with the pressure sensor.
Further, the slide rail device includes the slide rail bottom plate, slide bearing, race groove and bearing bracket, fixedly connected with race groove on the slide rail bottom plate is provided with slide bearing in the race groove, and slide bearing is connected with the one end of bearing bracket, and the other end of bearing bracket can be dismantled with strutting arrangement's one end and be connected.
Further, the base includes bottom channel-section steel and bottom plate, and bottom plate bottom bilateral symmetry is provided with two bottom channel-sections, opens the through-hole that is used for through the shearing box on the bottom plate, is provided with a plurality of devices of takeing root on the bottom plate.
Further, the driving device is a servo motor.
The invention also provides a using method of the multipurpose field shearing instrument, the multipurpose direct shearing instrument is divided into two working conditions when in use, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. under the working condition of common direct shear, the method comprises the following specific steps:
1.1, connecting a lower shearing box and an upper shearing box into a whole, opening an opening plate of the lower shearing box, loading an undisturbed soil sample into the shearing box, closing the opening plate, and moving the shearing box to a specified position;
1.2, the base penetrates through the shearing box and then is fixed on the ground, and the lower shearing box is connected with the base;
1.3 symmetrically arranging two slide rail devices on two sides of the through hole of the base, wherein the slide rail devices are connected with a loading device;
1.4 placing a loading box cover in a through hole on the loading device, connecting the loading box cover with the upper section of the loading device, and placing the loading box cover above the soil sample of the upper shear box integrally after the loading device is installed;
1.5, installing a driving device on a base, calibrating the driving device, taking down a connecting piece, and carrying out vertical pressure loading on a loading box cover by a loading device;
1.6 after vertical pressure reaches the experimental design requirement, treat that the pressure value is stable, start drive arrangement and exert horizontal thrust and promote the box of cuting on, the box of cuting on moves loading device and slides on slide rail device, and the experiment is ended until will cuting the sample in box and the lower shear box and destroy.
2. When the interface is in a direct shear working condition, the method comprises the following specific steps:
2.1 inserting the upper shear box into soil, and digging out excess soil around the upper shear box, wherein the process must ensure that the upper shear box is not disturbed;
2.2, the base penetrates through the upper shearing box and is fixed on the ground, and the upper shearing box cannot be touched in the process;
2.3 is the same as the step 1.3-1.4 under the working condition of common direct shear;
2.4, a driving device is arranged on the base, the driving device is calibrated, and a loading device is used for loading vertical pressure on the loading box cover;
2.5 vertical pressure reaches the experimental design requirement after, treats that the pressure value is stable, starts drive arrangement and exerts horizontal thrust and promote the box of cuting on, and the box of cuting on moves loading device and slides on slide rail device, until will cut the sample in the box and the original state soil sample is separated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a multipurpose on-site shearing instrument, which is one of the keys of the invention on how to reduce the self friction of the instrument under the action of horizontal thrust in a soil sample shearing experiment; in order to simplify the loading device, the hinge lever device is arranged in the invention, so that the test error caused by direct upper stacking and the safety problem possibly caused are avoided; according to the invention, the shearing box is divided into an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box, the upper shearing box and an upper loading device are connected into a whole, and in a horizontal direct shearing test, the horizontal shearing deformation of a sample is realized through the movement of the loading device on a sliding rail device;
the conventional field shearing test can only complete independent interface shearing or direct shearing test, and the invention can realize the multifunctional requirements of different types of interface shearing, direct shearing and the like only by installing the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box according to requirements without modifying an instrument. The direct shear experiment of the large-scale soil sample on site and the direct shear experiment of the rock-soil interface can be realized through the same set of instrument, and the direct shear experiment has an important effect on the field experiment research in the field of geotechnical engineering.
Furthermore, a loading box cover is arranged below the loading device, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the loading box cover, so that the vertical pressure applied by the loading device can be monitored in real time in the test process, and the problem of inaccurate pressure measurement caused by ballast of a weight commonly adopted in the current field test is avoided;
furthermore, the driving device can adopt a servo motor, the conventional hydraulic loading mode cannot adopt a displacement control mode, the change of the instantaneous stress of the sample is difficult to capture, and the force is not stable in the loading process, so that the sample is easy to break in advance; the servo motor is powered by a direct current motor, and the experiment can be carried out by carrying a direct current storage battery when the servo motor is used in the field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the inventive structure;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the inventive structure;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the hinge lever arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the upper link and the lower link;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the position of the hinge lever arrangement;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the loadlock cover;
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the deck lid;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the slide rail apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the slide rail assembly;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a normal direct shear mode;
FIG. 11 is a detail view of a shear box connector;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the interface direct shear mode.
In the figure, 1 is a bottom channel steel, 2 is a bottom plate, 3 is an upper fixing plate, 4 is a lower fixing plate, 5 is a supporting device, and 6 is a hinge lever device; 61, a base; 62 lower chain bar; 63, a chain bar is arranged, and 7, a sliding rail device is arranged; 71 a slide rail bottom plate; 72 a plain bearing; 73 bearing grooves; 74 bearing frame, 8 driving device, 9 lower shearing box, 91 opening plate, 10 upper shearing box, 11 rooting device, 12 connecting piece, 13 loading box cover, 14 bottom cover, 15 top cover, 16 sensor top cap, 17 chain rod slide rail and 18 pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a multipurpose field shearing apparatus, which includes a base, and a sliding rail device 7, a loading device, and a driving device 8, which are arranged on an upper end surface of the base, wherein the base is provided with a through hole through which a shearing box can pass, the shearing box includes an upper shearing box 10 and a lower shearing box 9, two sides of the through hole are symmetrically provided with two sliding rail devices 7 along a length direction of the base, the loading device is arranged above the sliding rail devices 7 and is slidably connected with the sliding rail devices 7, the loading device is provided with a through hole for placing a loading box cover 13, and the loading box cover 13 is detachably connected with an upper portion of the loading device; hinge lever devices 6 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a through hole in the top end of the loading device along the length direction of the base, and the two symmetrical hinge lever devices 6 are matched to apply pressure to a loading box cover 13; the driving device 8 is arranged on one side of the sliding rail device 7 and is used for driving the loading device to drive the upper shearing box 10 to move; go up shear box 10 and loading device lower extreme and can dismantle and be connected, lower shear box 9 can dismantle with the base and be connected, go up shear box 10 and lower shear box 9 and pass through connecting piece 12 and connect, lower shear box 9 bottom is provided with opening plate 91.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the loading device further includes a fixing device and a supporting device 5, one end of the supporting device 5 is horizontally provided with the fixing device, and the other end is slidably connected with the sliding rail device 7, the fixing device includes an upper fixing plate 3 and a lower fixing plate 4, the upper fixing plate 3 and the lower fixing plate 4 are parallelly arranged on the fixing supporting device 5, through holes for placing a loading box cover 13 are formed on the upper fixing plate 3 and the lower fixing plate 4, and the loading box cover 13 is detachably connected with the upper fixing plate 3; the upper shearing box 10 is detachably connected with the lower fixing plate 4, so that the upper shearing box 10 and the upper loading device 6 can synchronously move in the shearing process, and the upper pressure is not changed in the soil sample shearing process;
preferably, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the hinge lever device 6 includes a base 61, a lower chain link 62 and an upper chain link 63 are rotatably connected in the base 61, the lower chain link 62 and the upper chain link 63 are divided into a long section and a short section, a right angle is formed between the long section and the short section, the short section of the lower chain link 62 and the short section of the upper chain link 63 are hooked together, the long section of the lower chain link 62 and the long section of the upper chain link 63 are parallel and form an included angle of 45 ° with the base, and a bearing (the bearing is selected according to the national standard) is installed at the end of the long section of the upper chain link 63 to reduce the influence of friction force during the loading process.
Preferably, when the long section of the lower chain link 62 rotates to be close to the base 61, the short section of the lower chain link 62 prizes the short section of the upper chain link 63 to rotate anticlockwise around the shaft, the short section of the upper chain link 63 drives the long section of the upper chain link 63 to displace downwards, and the shear box is extruded under the action of displacement, so that vertical loading of a soil sample in the shear box is realized;
preferably, the hinge lever devices 6 are arranged in even number and at least four, the hinge lever devices 6 are arranged in a pairwise symmetrical mode, so that the loading effect of the hinge lever devices 6 can be guaranteed, and meanwhile, the stability and the safety performance of the structure can be improved.
Preferably, the supporting device 5 is 4 structural columns, and two structural columns on the same side are connected with the moving device in a group.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the loader lid 13 is composed of a bottom cover 14 and a top cover 15 matching with the bottom cover 14, the interior of the loader lid 13 is hollow, a plurality of pressure sensors 18 are arranged in the bottom cover 14, and the pressure sensors 18 are used for detecting the pressure of the upper chain bar 63 on the top cover 15 of the loader lid 13;
the top cap 15 up end is provided with two sets of chain bar slide rails 17, and chain bar slide rails 17 matches the direction of motion that is used for controlling the long section of chain bar 63 with chain bar 63, and the terminal surface is provided with sensor hood 16 under the top cap 15, and sensor hood 16 matches with pressure sensor 18, and sensor hood 16 shares the bolt hole of reserving on the top cap 15 with chain bar slide rails 17.
Preferably, the bottom cover 14 is formed by processing a Q235 steel plate with the thickness of 14mm, is directly contacted with the experimental soil sample and bears the counter force of the soil; the top cover 15 is made of a Q235 steel plate with the thickness of 14mm, the edge part is provided with an inner edge with the width of 6mm and the height of 8mm, the inner edge is matched with the outer edge of the bottom cover 14 with the same size, the bottom cover 14 and the top cover 15 are prevented from sliding relatively in the loading process to damage the pressure sensor 18, the widths of the inner edge of the top cover 15 and the outer edge of the bottom cover 14 are both 6mm, the thickness of the steel plate used for machining is 14mm, a 2mm gap is reserved in the middle, and the increase of friction force and the influence on the experiment precision caused by mutual contact are avoided;
preferably, the sensor top cap 16 and the chain bar slide rail 17 are formed by one-step machining through a cutting process;
preferably, each edge of the chain bar slide rail 17 and each arc of the sensor top cap 16 adopt a chamfer design with the radius of 1mm, so that over-sharp is avoided;
preferably, the chain bar slide rail 17 needs to be polished, so that the friction between the chain bar slide rail and a bearing at the end part of the upper chain bar 63 is reduced to the maximum extent;
as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the slide rail device 7 includes two slide rail bottom plates 71, sliding bearings 72, bearing grooves 73 and bearing brackets 74, the two slide rail bottom plates 71 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the through hole on the bottom plates along the length direction of the bottom plates, the bearing grooves 73 are fixedly connected to the slide rail bottom plates 71, the sliding bearings 72 are arranged in the bearing grooves 73, the sliding bearings 72 are connected to one ends of the bearing brackets 74, a bearing belt is longitudinally formed, uniform stress is ensured, and instability damage in the loading process is avoided; the other end of the bearing bracket 74 is detachably connected to one end of the support device 5.
Preferably, the sliding bearing 72 can be a standard bearing according to the size of the bearing groove 73;
preferably, the base comprises a bottom channel steel 1 and a bottom plate 2, two bottom channel steels 1 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate 2, a through hole for passing through the shearing box is formed in the bottom plate 2, a plurality of rooting devices 11 are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate 2, the rooting devices 11 are in threaded connection with a connecting piece 12, and the rooting devices 11 are driven to penetrate into a soil body through rotation of the rooting devices 11 to provide anti-pulling force for the instrument.
Preferably, the drive means 8 is a servomotor.
A second part:
instrument use instructions and experiment installation steps;
normal direct shear operating mode
The common direct shear apparatus needs to be provided with a lower shear box 9, the experimental schematic diagram is shown in fig. 10, and the specific installation steps are as follows:
1. through connecting piece 12, connect lower shear box 9 and last shear box 10 as an organic whole, as shown in fig. 11, open the opening board 91 of lower shear box 9 simultaneously, slowly pack into the shear box with the original state soil sample and install shear box opening board 91, remove the sample to the assigned position, should avoid the sample great disturbance to appear in the removal process, destroy its inner structure.
2. Place smooth position in the experimental place with channel-section steel 1, remove bottom plate 2 and make the through-hole of shearing box from bottom plate 2 and pass, bottom plate 2 is connected with channel-section steel 1, and lower shearing box 9 can be dismantled with bottom plate 2 and be connected.
3. The base plate 2 is provided with the rooting device 11, the position of the base plate 2 is fixed, two slide rail devices 7 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole on the base plate 2, and a bearing frame 74 of each slide rail device 7 is connected with the supporting device 5.
Preferably, in order to shorten the instrument installation time in a field experiment, the bearing groove 73 of the slide rail device 7, the slide rail bottom plate 71, the bearing 71 and the bearing bracket 74 can be installed in advance, the bearing bracket 74 is connected into the bearing groove 73 before the experiment begins, and the initial position is determined. After the experiment, the bearing 72 needs to be cleaned and maintained, and is wiped with grease, so that rusting or blockage is avoided.
4. A lower fixing plate 4 is arranged on a supporting device 5, the lower fixing plate 4 is detachably connected with an upper shearing box 10, an upper fixing plate 3 is arranged, a loading box cover 13 is arranged in through holes in the upper fixing plate 3 and the lower fixing plate 4, the loading box cover 13 is connected with the upper fixing plate 3, the loading box cover 13 is integrally arranged above a soil sample of the upper shearing box 10 after the installation is finished, and hinge lever devices 6 are arranged on two sides of the through hole of the upper fixing plate 3;
preferably, the upper chain bar 62, the lower chain bar 63 and the base 61 of the hinge lever device 6 can be installed in advance, and finally, the hinge lever device is integrally installed on the upper fixing plate 3; the bottom cover 14 of the loader cover 13, the pressure sensor 18, the top cover 15, the sensor top cap 16 and the chain bar slide rail 17 can be installed in advance, and the pressure sensor is corrected during installation.
5. A servo motor 8 is arranged on a bottom plate 2, a power supply is switched on, the position of a push-pull rod is corrected, when the push rod of the servo motor 8 is adjusted to be in contact with an upper shearing box 10, the data of the servo motor 8 is cleared, an upper shearing box connecting piece 12 and a lower shearing box connecting piece 12 are taken down, and the experiment is ready to be started.
6. And adjusting the relative positions of the upper chain rod 62 and the lower chain rod 63 to complete the vertical pressure loading of the lower chain rod 63 on the loading box cover 13, and starting the motor to start the experiment after the loading is completed.
7. After vertical pressure reaches the experimental design requirement, treat that the pressure value is stable, start drive arrangement 8 and exert horizontal thrust, promote upper shear box 10, upper shear box 10 drives loading device and slides on slide rail device, and until will shear the sample in box 10 and the lower shear box 9 and destroy, or horizontal thrust value reaches stably, the experiment ends.
8. After the experiment is completed, the parts need to be cleaned and maintained when being disassembled.
Interface direct shear behavior
The interface direct shear apparatus does not need to install the lower shear box 9, but must ensure that the soil sample is not disturbed, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 12, and the specific installation steps are as follows:
1. in the interface direct shear, the sample must be ensured not to be disturbed in the sample loading process, and after the sample loading is finished, the upper shear box 10 and the sample cannot move; the upper shear box 10 is first inserted into the soil and the surrounding excess soil is excavated, a process which must ensure that the upper shear box is not disturbed.
2. Place corresponding position with channel-section steel 1 in advance, remove bottom plate 2 and make the through-hole of shearing box from bottom plate 2 and pass, bottom plate 2 is connected with channel-section steel 1, and shearing box 10 must not touched on this process equally.
3. The rooting device 11 is arranged on the bottom plate 2, the position of the bottom plate 2 is fixed, two slide rail devices 7 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole on the bottom plate 2, and a bearing frame 74 of each slide rail device 7 is connected with the supporting device 5.
4. Mounting a lower fixing plate 4 on a supporting device 5, wherein the lower fixing plate 4 is detachably connected with an upper shearing box 10, mounting an upper fixing plate 3, placing a loading box cover 13 in through holes in the upper fixing plate 3 and the lower fixing plate 4, detachably connecting the loading box cover 13 with the upper fixing plate 3, integrally placing the loading box cover 13 above a soil sample of the upper shearing box 10 after the mounting is finished, and mounting hinge lever devices 6 on two sides of the through hole of the upper fixing plate 3;
preferably, the upper chain bar 62, the lower chain bar 63 and the base 61 of the loading device 6 can be installed in advance, and finally, the loading device is integrally installed on the upper fixing plate 3; the bottom cover 14 of the loader cover 13, the pressure sensor 18, the top cover 15, the sensor top cap 16 and the chain bar slide rail 17 can be installed in advance, and the pressure sensor is corrected during installation.
4. A servo motor 8 is arranged on the bottom plate 2, a power supply is switched on, the position of a push-pull rod is corrected, when the push rod of the servo motor 8 is adjusted to be in contact with the upper shearing box 10, the data of the servo motor 8 is reset, and the experiment is ready to be started.
5. And adjusting the relative positions of the upper chain rod 62 and the lower chain rod 63 to complete the vertical pressure loading of the lower chain rod 63 on the loading box cover 13, and starting the servo motor 8 to start the experiment after the loading is completed.
6. After the vertical pressure reaches the experimental design requirement, the pressure value is stable, the driving device 8 is started to apply horizontal thrust to push the upper shearing box 10, the upper shearing box 10 drives the loading device to slide on the sliding rail device until the sample in the upper shearing box 10 is separated from the original soil sample, or the horizontal thrust value is stable, and the experiment is finished.
7. After the experiment is completed, the parts need to be cleaned and maintained when being disassembled.
The instrument needs to be installed before the experiment, the horizontal thrust detection is carried out under the conditions that a soil sample is not installed and upper pressure load is not applied, the thrust data is used as the system error of the instrument, the measurement can be carried out for a plurality of times, and the average value is taken after the data are stable. The experiment process is carried out strictly according to the installation steps, and the installation can be carried out by referring to an instrument assembly drawing. The invention thus provides a complete field-a multi-purpose field shear apparatus, serving scientific research and engineering design. The invention can be used for on-site undisturbed soil interface shear test, undisturbed soil direct shear test and various artificial interface shear tests, and is used for accurately depicting the mechanical property of the interface.
Claims (9)
1. A multipurpose on-site shearing instrument is characterized by comprising a base, a slide rail device (7), a loading device and a driving device (8), wherein the slide rail device (7), the loading device and the driving device are arranged on the upper end surface of the base, a through hole for passing through a shearing box is formed in the base, two slide rail devices (7) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole along the length direction of the base, the loading device is connected above the slide rail device (7) in a sliding manner, a through hole for placing a loading box cover (13) is formed in the loading device, the loading box cover (13) is detachably connected with the upper end of the loading device, hinge lever devices (6) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole in the top end of the loading device along the length direction of the base, and the two symmetrical hinge lever devices (6) are matched for providing pressure for the loading box cover (13); the driving device (8) is arranged on one side of the moving device and used for driving the loading device to move, the shearing box comprises an upper shearing box (10) and a lower shearing box (9), the upper shearing box (10) is connected with the lower shearing box (9) through a connecting piece (12), an opening plate (91) is arranged at the bottom of the lower shearing box (9), the upper shearing box (10) is detachably connected with the lower end of the loading device, and the lower shearing box (9) is detachably connected with the base;
hinge lever means (6) include base (61) and rotate lower chain pole (62) and the cochain pole (63) of connecting in base (61), lower chain pole (62) and cochain pole (63) are equallyd divide into long section and short section, are the right angle between long section and the short section, and the short section of lower chain pole (62) articulates with the short section of cochain pole (63), and the long section of lower chain pole (62) and the long section of cochain pole (63) are parallel and are 45 contained angles with base (61), and the bearing is installed to the long section tip of cochain pole (63).
2. A multipurpose field shearing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hinged lever means (6) is provided in at least 4.
3. A multipurpose field shearing device according to claim 1, wherein the loading device further comprises a fixing device and a supporting device (5), one end of the supporting device (5) is connected with the sliding rail device (7), the other end of the supporting device (5) is horizontally provided with a fixing device, and the fixing device is provided with a through hole for placing a loading box cover (13).
4. A multipurpose field shearing device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the mounting means comprises an upper mounting plate (3) and a lower mounting plate (4), the upper mounting plate (3) and the lower mounting plate (4) being parallel to each other, the upper mounting plate (3) and the lower mounting plate (4) being provided with through holes for receiving the loading compartment lid (13), the loading compartment lid (13) being detachably connected to the upper mounting plate (3).
5. A multi-purpose field-shearing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said loading compartment cover (13) is composed of a bottom cover (14) and a top cover (15) coupled to said bottom cover (14), and is hollow inside thereof, and a plurality of pressure sensors (18) are provided on said bottom cover (14), said pressure sensors (18) being adapted to detect the pressure applied to said loading compartment cover (13) by the loading means; two groups of chain rod sliding rails (17) are arranged on the upper end face of the top cover (15), the chain rod sliding rails (17) are matched with the hinge lever device (6) to control the movement direction of the hinge lever device (6), a sensor top cap (16) is arranged on the lower end face of the top cover (15), and the sensor top cap (16) is matched with the pressure sensor (18).
6. A multipurpose field shearing instrument according to claim 1, wherein the slide rail device (7) comprises a slide rail bottom plate (71), a sliding bearing (72), a bearing groove (73) and a bearing bracket (74), the bearing groove (73) is fixedly connected to the slide rail bottom plate (71), the sliding bearing (72) is arranged in the bearing groove (73), the sliding bearing (72) is connected with one end of the bearing bracket (74), and the other end of the bearing bracket (74) is detachably connected with one end of the supporting device (5).
7. A multipurpose field shearing instrument according to claim 1, wherein the base comprises a bottom channel (1) and a bottom plate (2), two bottom channels (1) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate (2), a through hole for passing through the shearing box is formed in the bottom plate (2), and a plurality of rooting devices (11) are arranged on the bottom plate (2).
8. A multi-purpose field shearing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drive means (8) is a servo motor.
9. The method for using a multipurpose on-site shearing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the multipurpose direct shearing apparatus is used under two working conditions, specifically as follows:
under the working condition of ordinary direct shear, the method comprises the following specific steps:
1.1, connecting a lower shearing box (9) and an upper shearing box (10) into a whole, opening an opening plate (91) of the lower shearing box (9), loading an undisturbed soil sample into the shearing box, closing the opening plate (91), and moving the shearing box to a specified position;
1.2, the base penetrates through the shearing box and then is fixed on the ground, and the lower shearing box (9) is connected with the base;
1.3, two slide rail devices (7) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole of the base, and the slide rail devices (7) are connected with a loading device;
1.4 placing a loading box cover (13) in a through hole on a loading device, connecting the loading box cover (13) with the upper section of the loading device, and integrally placing the loading box cover (13) above a soil sample of an upper shear box (10) after the loading is finished;
1.5, a driving device (8) is arranged on a base, the driving device (8) is calibrated, a connecting piece (12) is taken down, and a loading device carries out vertical pressure loading on a loading box cover (13);
1.6 after the vertical pressure reaches the experimental design requirement, starting a driving device (8) to apply horizontal thrust to push an upper shearing box (10) when the pressure value is stable, driving a loading device to slide on a sliding rail device by the upper shearing box (10) until samples in the upper shearing box (10) and a lower shearing box (9) are damaged, and ending the experiment;
when the interface is in a direct shear working condition, the method comprises the following specific steps:
2.1 inserting the upper shear box (10) into the soil and digging out the excess soil around the upper shear box (10), wherein the process must ensure that the upper shear box (10) is not disturbed;
2.2, fixing the base on the ground after penetrating through the upper shearing box (10), wherein the base does not touch the upper shearing box (10);
2.3 is the same as the step 1.3-1.4 under the working condition of common direct shear;
2.4, a driving device (8) is arranged on the base, the driving device (8) is calibrated, and a loading device is used for loading vertical pressure on a loading box cover (13);
2.5 after vertical pressure reaches the experimental design requirement, treat that the pressure value is stable, start drive arrangement (8) and exert horizontal thrust and promote cut box (10) on, cut box (10) on and drive loading device and slide on slide rail device, separate sample and the original state soil sample in will cutting box (10) on.
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