CN107917846A - Soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device and its assay method - Google Patents
Soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device and its assay method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107917846A CN107917846A CN201711058679.XA CN201711058679A CN107917846A CN 107917846 A CN107917846 A CN 107917846A CN 201711058679 A CN201711058679 A CN 201711058679A CN 107917846 A CN107917846 A CN 107917846A
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- soil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device and its assay method,The device includes drive assembly,Shear assembly,Precompression adjusts assembly,Control assembly,The compressed air pressure that precompression adjusts assembly realizes that digital display type accurate is adjustable,And directly apply weight vertical compression power for soil sample to be measured by cylinder,The stepping motor of controller drive assembly pulls the lower conjunction of shearing to realize and the constant speed of soil sample is sheared with constant speed,And power and the displacement of the whole shear history of soil sample are recorded at the same time,Speed,Can obtain comprehensively soil sample shear history and shear property parameter such as,Cohesive force,Internal friction angle,Detrusion modulus etc.,Realize shear history and data record automation,Overcome the accurate poor with counterweight loading using lever of traditional assay method,Manual shear rate precision deficiency,Manually observation maximum, force,The shortcomings of inconvenient.The device to test precision is high, easy to operate, and versatility is high, is measured suitable for different type, different water cut Soil Under Conditions shear property.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of test equipment, be specifically a kind of measurement device for measuring agricultural land soil shear property with
Method.Belong to agricultural mechanical field.
Background technology
The chain drive of agricultural machinery, work tool are during the work time and soil interaction, soil are power dresses
Standby work support, and the work main object of agricultural machinery and implement, the frictional resistance as caused by soil deformation and adhesive force are to influence
The principal element of chain drive walking resistance, work tool working resistance.In order to optimize the structure of talents for agri-mechanization and work
Parameter, it is necessary to the mechanical characteristic of different type, different moisture content soil is measured, so as to related equipment design provide according to
According to.Soil mechanics characterisitic parameter mainly includes cohesive force, internal friction angle, detrusion modulus, settlement coefficient, cohesive force distorted pattern
Amount and friction texturizing modulus etc., wherein cohesive force, internal friction angle, detrusion modulus are used for the shear property for characterizing soil,
It is the major parameter that farm power is equipped, work tool design is related to, it is necessary to obtained indirectly by shearing test.The shearing resistance of soil
Intensity be soil under outer force conditions, a portion soil body when being slided for the another part soil body it is possessed resist cut
The ultimate strength cut, the cohesive force and internal friction angle of soil are the major parameters for characterizing soil shear characteristic, and the shearing resistance of soil is strong
Relation between degree, cohesive force and internal friction angle is calculated by Coulomb's equation.The shear property of soil is carried out using boxshear apparatus at present
Direct shear test obtains, but boxshear apparatus is applied predetermined pressure at right angle to sample and loaded using lever, counterweight, by lever
Fulcrum state difference is larger, and shear rate is controlled using traditional stopwatch, artificial handwheel, the impact being drawn directly by speed is unstable
Load is big, and shearing force is tested using pointer instrument and manually observed and recorded, pre-pressure loading precision, the precision for cutting section speed
It is relatively low, manually observe single value of thrust, it is impossible to which the change of the continuous record whole shear history power of soil sample, directly affects cohesion
Power, internal friction angle, the measurement result of detrusion modulus, it is impossible to provide preferable data for engineering design.Therefore, agricultural machinery
Dynamic power machine, working equipment design be badly in need of a kind of instrument that can accurately measure soil shear characteristic, realize shear rate, soil
Earth Vertical loading load accurately adjustable test device and method, high accuracy basic data is provided for related mutually tool design.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to the shortcomings that above-mentioned boxshear apparatus, shearing that is more quick and accurately obtaining soil is special
Property, the present invention provides a kind of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device and its assay method, precompression being realized, numeralization is direct
Add cultivation, the accurate control of loading velocity numeralization, power and displacement, the speed of the whole shear history of synchronous recording, can accurately obtain
The shear property curve of soil, through calculating the shear property such as the cohesive force of soil, internal friction angle, detrusion modulus is joined
Number, measuring accuracy is high, easy to operate, and preferably measure dress is provided for different type different moisture content soil shear characteristic measurement
Put and its test method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem is that：Soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device, it is wrapped
Include drive assembly, shearing assembly, precompression and adjust assembly, control assembly,
Drive assembly includes rack, stepper motor, shaft coupling, feed screw nut, sliding block, screw, tension plate, and laser displacement passes
Sensor, pulling force sensor, bearing block, guide rail, horizontal platform, rack include bottom plate, middle plate, top plate and pillar, and four pillars are parallel
And bottom plate, middle plate, the corner of top plate are both passed through, four pillars connect and compose rack with bottom plate, middle plate, the Corner Strapped of top plate；
Stepper motor is fixed on the lower section of rack top plate；Screw lower end is installed on framework soleplate by bearing, bearing block, screw top
It is installed on by bearing, bearing block in rack on plate, screw upper end passes through the output shaft of plate and stepper motor in rack to pass through connection
Axis device connects；Guide rail is arranged on the left inside side of rack, and guide rail both ends are fixed and are separately fixed on framework soleplate and middle plate, in guide rail
Heart line is parallel with screw axis；Sliding block is installed on guide rail and forms prismatic pair with guide rail；Feed screw nut is installed on screw simultaneously
Threaded engagement is formed with leading screw；Feed screw nut side is fixed on sliding block, and tension plate is fixed on the opposite side of feed screw nut；It is horizontal
Platform left end is fixed on framework soleplate；Pulling force sensor top is fixed on below tension plate；Laser displacement sensor is installed on silk
Below thick stick nut；
Shearing assembly includes box, the lower box of shearing, pin, pedestal, pressure in fixed pulley, steel wire rope, pressure frame, cylinder, shearing
Plate, straight-line ball track, pressure head, hook, horizontal index instrument, pressure frame middle beam are fixedly connected and keep with horizontal platform right end
Horizontal platform is in level；Pedestal is fixed on horizontal platform, and two straight-line ball tracks are longitudinally mounted to the upper surface of pedestal respectively
Both sides；Box, the lower box shape of shearing are cuboid in shearing, and box, the lower box center of shearing are concentric same diameter cylindrical in shearing
Cavity, and the cylindrical cavity for shearing upper box is through hole, the not penetrating composition cylinder in cylindrical cavity bottom for shearing lower box describes
Device；The lower box of shearing is lain against on two straight-line ball tracks, and box is placed on the lower box of shearing with central axis in shearing, in shearing
Box, the diagonal angle of the lower box of shearing are equipped with pin hole, and two backing pins are inserted into the upper box of shearing respectively, the lower box of shearing forms two pins coordinated
In hole, the center cavity of the lower box of box in shearing, shearing is set to keep concentric；Pyramidal pits, pressure plare lower part are equipped with the top of pressure plare
Identical with the through-hole diameter for shearing upper box center for cylinder and diameter, pressure plare is placed in the central through hole of the upper box of shearing and structure
Into clearance fit；The cylinder body end of cylinder is fixed on the upper inside of pressure frame, and pressure head upper end is installed on the tailpiece of the piston rod of cylinder, pressure head
Lower end is outer male conical, and the outer male conical of pressure head lower end is identical with the taper of pressure plare top tapered pit；Ram axis are with cutting
Cut box central through hole axis on the same line；Link up with and be fixed on shearing above on the outside of box, and be articulated in for L-shaped, hook
On fixed cross beam in the middle part of pressure frame；Draw ring is equipped with the inside of the lower box of shearing, the draw ring of box under shear is fixed in one end of steel wire rope
On, the other end of steel wire rope is connected with pulling force sensor lower end, and fixed pulley is fixed on horizontal platform upper left quarter, and steel wire rope is from fixed pulley
Lower part is parallel with horizontal table surface around horizontal segment when tensing, and the vertical section of steel wire rope is vertical with horizontal platform；Horizontal index instrument is consolidated
It is scheduled on upper surface in the middle part of horizontal platform；
Precompression adjust assembly include air compressor, pressure regulator valve, digital display manometer, three position four-way directional control valve, triple valve,
High-pressure hose, pressure regulator valve, pressure gauge, three position four-way directional control valve are installed on front side of horizontal platform, air compressor, pressure regulator valve, threeway
Valve, three position four-way directional control valve, the gas circuit of cylinder pass sequentially through high-pressure hose connection, another outlet connection digital display pressure of triple valve
Table；
Control assembly includes controller and touching display screen, and pulling force sensor, laser displacement sensor pass through signal wire
It is connected with controller, stepper motor is connected by signal wire, power cord and controller, and controller and touching display screen pass through letter
The connection of number line.
The lower box lower part of shearing for "eight" shape conduit with the rolling element of straight-line ball track while contact, box lower part under shearing
Another side level is contacted with the rolling element of straight-line ball track；
Pedestal is inverted "eight" shape conduit equipped with two surfaces, and two straight-line ball tracks are placed in down respectively at two
On "eight" shape conduit, rolling element and two contact of incline plane of pedestal inverted "eight" shape conduit of straight-line ball track；
Soil shear based on above-mentioned soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device measures assay method：
The first step：Determine soil types to be measured, prepare the soil sample of different water cut；
Second step：Adjust pressure regulator valve and observe digital display manometer, make the i.e. digital display manometer of output pressure of compressed air
Numerical value reaches experiment setting value；Stepping motor rotating speed is adjusted by touching display screen and controller, moves up feed screw nut
Speed reaches cuts 0.8mm/min or slow shear 0.2mm/s settings soon；
3rd step：To shear the pin hole alignment of upper box, the lower box of shearing, insertion pin, be put under shear in box permeable stone and
Filter paper, is put into the cylindrical cavity that box center is formed under the upper box of shearing and shearing using cutting ring sample sample and by sample, then will be pressed
Power plate is placed in the soil sample of the upper box centered cylinder cavity of shearing；
4th step：Make gas circuit and cylinder activation using three position four-way directional control valve, the piston rod band dynamic head of cylinder is moved down, pressed
Head is contacted with the pit on pressure plare top, then applies pressure at right angle to soil sample with the precompression of setting, until the piston of cylinder
Bar is without moving down；
5th step：Stepping motor is controlled to work by touching display screen and controller, stepping motor driving screw
Rotate and drive feed screw nut to rise along guide rail, while feed screw nut drives tension plate, pulling force sensor to rise successively, so as to draw
Tight steel wire rope, steel wire rope draw the lower box of shearing around fixed pulley；As feed screw nut continues to rise, steel wire rope tenses and passes pulling force
The lower box of shearing is handed to, controller detects and records the force signal of pulling force sensor during steel wire rope is tightened up, when pulling force passes
Shearing lower box is started drag when the power of sensor sharply increases, while recording laser displacement sensor detection displacement signal is to cut
The distance of box movement is cut, lower box is sheared and is moved under a stretching force on straight-line ball track, when displacement reaches 6mm,
Controller control stepping motor stops rising and being reset to initial position；The lower box displacement distance of record shearing and pulling at the same time
During the lower pulling force needed for box of shearing, the pulling force measured is to make soil sample that the power needed for detrusion, the power and the lower box of shearing occur
The ratio between transversal disc of central cylindrical cavity is shearing force；Soil sample can be measured in the setting precompression condition by above-mentioned five step
Under shearing force, complete a determination test；
6th step：For the soil sample of same type different water cut, make the output pressure of compressed air by adjusting pressure regulator valve
Power reaches the next precompression experiment setting value of soil sample, repeats the above process shearing force when can obtain the setting precompression；
7th step：It will be greater than being equal to the shearing force data progress data processing that five different precompression conditions measure, utilize
Coulomb's equation calculates the mechanics parameter for obtaining soil sample, and mechanics parameter includes cohesive force, internal friction angle, detrusion modulus.
The gain effect that the present invention is brought is to drive screw to control shear rate by stepping motor, be ensure that whole
Carrying out shear history has the shear rate of continued for constant, overcomes traditional stopwatch, handwheel control shear rate not accurately
Shortcoming；Vertical preload accurately directly applies sample by cylinder, the setting of pressure digital display, overcomes traditional use thick stick
Bar, counterweight loading is accurately poor, is influenced the shortcomings of big, inconvenient by balance pivot；Control is accurately controlled to shear by controller
Speed, displacement, section power, shear displacemant are cut in the whole shear history of real-time automatic recording, more can be that analysis shear history is cut comprehensively
The change procedure of shear force, there is provided the accurate test data of more official, and realize test process automation；Device is easy to operate, leads to
It is high with property, measured suitable for Different Soil shear property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section of the shearing assembly of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device；
Fig. 3 is the sectional elevation of the shearing assembly of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device；
Fig. 4 is the partial isometric views of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device shearing assembly；
Fig. 5 is the gas circuit composition frame chart of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device；
Fig. 6 is the pneumatic diagram of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device；
Fig. 7 is the control assembly electric diagram of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device；
In figure：Bottom plate 1-1-1, middle plate 1-1-2, top plate 1-1-3 and pillar 1-1-4, stepping motor 1-2, shaft coupling 1-
3rd, feed screw nut 1-4, sliding block 1-5, screw 1-6, tension plate 1-7, laser displacement sensor 1-8, pulling force sensor 1-9, bearing
Seat 1-10, guide rail 1-11, horizontal platform 1-12, fixed pulley 2-1, steel wire rope 2-2, pressure frame 2-3, cylinder 2-4, box 2-5 in shearing,
Sell 2-6, pedestal 2-7, pressure plare 2-8, straight-line ball track 2-9, pressure head 2-10, hook 2-11, horizontal index instrument 2-12, shearing
Lower box 2-13 air compressors 3-1, pressure regulator valve 3-2, digital display manometer 3-3, three position four-way directional control valve 3-4, triple valve 3-5, height
Press hose 3-6, controller 4-1 and touching display screen 4-2.
Embodiment
The concrete structure and embodiment of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device includes
Drive assembly, shearing assembly, precompression adjust assembly, control assembly, and drive assembly includes rack 1-1, stepping electricity
Machine 1-2, shaft coupling 1-3, feed screw nut 1-4, sliding block 1-5, screw 1-6, tension plate 1-7, laser displacement sensor 1-8, pulling force
Sensor 1-9, bearing block 1-10, guide rail 1-11, horizontal platform 1-12, rack 1-1 include bottom plate 1-1-1, middle plate 1-1-2, top plate
1-1-3 and pillar 1-1-4, four pillar 1-1-4 is parallel and both passes through bottom plate 1-1-1, middle plate 1-1-2, the four of top plate 1-1-3
Angle, four pillar 1-1-4 connect and compose rack 1-1 with bottom plate 1-1-1, middle plate 1-1-2, the Corner Strapped of top plate 1-1-3；Stepping
Motor 1-2 is fixed on the lower section of rack top plate 1-1-3；Screw 1-6 lower ends are installed on framework soleplate by bearing, bearing block 1-10
On, screw 1-6 tops are installed in rack on plate 1-1-2 by bearing, bearing block 1-10, and screw 1-6 upper ends are passed through in rack
Plate 1-1-2 is connected with the output shaft of stepper motor 1-2 by shaft coupling 1-3；Guide rail 1-11 is arranged on the left inside side of rack, guide rail 1-
11 both ends are fixed and are separately fixed on framework soleplate 1-1-1 and middle plate 1-1-2, center line and the screw 1-6 axis of guide rail 1-11
It is parallel；Sliding block 1-5 is installed on guide rail 1-11 and forms prismatic pair with guide rail；Feed screw nut 1-4 be installed on screw 1-6 on and with
Leading screw forms threaded engagement；Feed screw nut 1-4 sides are fixed on sliding block 1-5, and tension plate 1-7 is fixed on feed screw nut 1-4's
Opposite side；Horizontal platform 1-12 left ends are fixed on framework soleplate 1-1-1；Pulling force sensor 1-9 tops are fixed under tension plate 1-7
Side；Laser displacement sensor 1-8 is installed on below feed screw nut 1-4；
Assembly is sheared including under box 2-5, shearing in fixed pulley 2-1, steel wire rope 2-2, pressure frame 2-3, cylinder 2-4, shearing
Box 2-13, pin 2-6, pedestal 2-7, pressure plare 2-8, straight-line ball track 2-9, pressure head 2-10, hook 2-11, horizontal index instrument 2-
12, pressure frame 2-3 middle beams are fixedly connected with horizontal platform 1-12 right ends and keep horizontal platform 1-12 to be in level；Pedestal 2-7
Longitudinal center is fixed on horizontal platform 1-12 upper right quarters, and two straight-line ball track 2-9 are longitudinally mounted to the upper table of pedestal 2-7 respectively
The both sides in face；Box 2-5, the lower box 2-13 shapes of shearing are cuboid in shearing, and box 2-5, the lower box 2-13 centers of shearing are in shearing
With one heart with diameter cylindrical cavity, and the cylindrical cavity for shearing upper box 2-5 is cylindrical hole, shears the cylinder of lower box 2-13
The not penetrating composition hydrostatic column of shape cavity bottom；The lower box 2-13 of shearing is lain against on two straight-line ball track 2-9, in shearing
Box 2-5 is placed on the lower box 2-13 of shearing with central axis, and box 2-5, the diagonal angle of the lower box 2-13 of shearing are equipped with pin hole in shearing,
Two backing pin 2-6 can be inserted into the upper box 2-5 of shearing respectively, the lower box 2-13 of shearing is formed in two pin holes coordinated, make box 2- in shearing
5th, the center cavity for shearing lower box 2-13 keeps concentric；Pyramidal pits are equipped with the top of pressure plare 2-8, pressure plare 2-8 lower parts are circle
Cylinder and diameter are identical with the through-hole diameter for shearing upper box 2-5 centers, and pressure plare 2-8 is placed in the central through hole of the upper box 2-5 of shearing
It is interior and form clearance fit；The cylinder body end of cylinder 2-4 is fixed on the upper inside of pressure frame 2-3, and pressure head 2-10 upper ends are installed on gas
The tailpiece of the piston rod of cylinder 2-4, pressure head 2-10 lower ends are outer male conical, the outer male conical of pressure head 2-10 lower ends with the top of pressure plare 2-8
The taper of pyramidal pits is identical；Pressure head 2-10 axis are with shearing upper box 2-5 central through holes axis on the same line；Link up with 2-11
For L-shaped, hook 2-11 is fixed on the outside of the upper box 2-5 of shearing, and links up with the fixed cross beam that 2-11 is articulated in the middle part of pressure frame 2-3
On；Draw ring is equipped with the inside of the lower box 2-13 of shearing, one end of steel wire rope 2-2 is fixed under shear on the draw ring of box 2-13, steel wire rope
The other end of 2-2 is connected with pulling force sensor 1-9 lower ends, and fixed pulley 2-1 is fixed on horizontal platform 1-12 upper left quarters, steel wire rope 2-2
It is parallel with horizontal platform 1-12 surfaces that horizontal segment when tensing is bypassed from fixed pulley 2-1 lower parts, the vertical section and horizontal platform of steel wire rope 2-2
1-12 is vertical；Horizontal index instrument 2-12 is fixed on upper surface in the middle part of horizontal platform 1-12；
Precompression, which adjusts assembly, includes air compressor 3-1, pressure regulator valve 3-2, digital display manometer 3-3,3-position 4-way commutation
Valve 3-4, triple valve 3-5, high-pressure hose 3-6, pressure regulator valve 3-2, pressure gauge 3-4, three position four-way directional control valve 3-5 are installed on horizontal platform
On front side of 1-12, air compressor 3-1, pressure regulator valve 3-2, three position four-way directional control valve 3-4, the gas circuit of cylinder 2-4 pass through high-pressure hose
3-6 connections, digital display manometer 3-3 are connected by high-pressure hose 3-6 with another exit passageway of triple valve 3-5；
Control assembly includes controller 4-1 and touching display screen 4-2, pulling force sensor 1-9, laser displacement sensor 1-
8 are connected by signal wire with controller 4-1, and stepper motor 1-2 passes through signal wire, power cord and controller 4-1 connections, controller
4-1 is connected with touching display screen 4-2 by signal wire, and the pulling speed that lower box 2-13 is sheared during measure is controlled by controller 4-1
System, controller 4-1 record the pulling force data of pulling force sensor 1-9, the displacement data of laser displacement sensor 1-8 at the same time.
The lower box 2-13 lower parts of shearing for "eight" shape conduit with the rolling element of straight-line ball track 2-9 while contact, shearing
Lower box 2-13 lower parts another side is horizontal to be contacted with the rolling element of straight-line ball track 2-9；
Pedestal 2-7 is inverted "eight" shape conduit equipped with two surfaces, and two straight-line ball track 2-9 are put respectively at two
In on inverted "eight" shape conduit, rolling element and two contact of incline plane of pedestal 2-7 inverted "eight" shapes conduit of straight-line ball track 2-9；
A kind of soil shear assay method based on above-mentioned soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device is：The first step：Really
Fixed soil types to be measured, the soil sample of different water cut is prepared by the requirement of testing program；Second step：Adjust pressure regulator valve 3-2 and see
Digital display pressure 3-3 tables are examined, the numerical value of the i.e. digital display manometer 3-3 of output pressure of compressed air is reached experiment setting value；Pass through
Touching display screen 4-2 and controller 4-1 adjust stepping motor 1-2 rotating speeds, feed screw nut 1- when rotating stepper motor 1-2
4, which move up speed, can reach and cut 0.8mm/min or slow shear 0.2mm/s settings soon；3rd step：By the upper box 2-5 of shearing, the lower box of shearing
The pin hole alignment of 2-13, insertion pin 2-6, is put into permeable stone and filter paper in box 2-13 under shear, using cutting ring sample sample and incites somebody to action
Sample is carefully placed into the cylindrical cavity that the upper box 2-5 of shearing is formed with the lower box 2-13 centers of shearing, then pressure plare 2-8 is placed on and is cut
In the soil sample for cutting box 2-5 centered cylinder cavitys；4th step：Gas circuit is set to be connect with cylinder 2-4 using three position four-way directional control valve 3-4
Logical, the piston rod band dynamic head 2-8 of cylinder 2-4 is moved down, and pressure head 2-8 is contacted with the pit on pressure plare 2-8 tops, then with setting
Precompression apply pressure at right angle to soil sample, until the piston rod of cylinder 2-4 is without moving down；5th step：Pass through touching display screen
4-2 and controller 4-1 control stepping motor 1-2 work, stepping motor 1-2 drivings screw 1-6 are rotated and are driven screw spiral shell
Female 1-4 rises along guide rail 1-11, while feed screw nut 1-4 drives tension plate 1-7, pulling force sensor 1-9 to rise successively, so as to draw
Tight steel wire rope 2-2, steel wire rope 2-2 draw the lower box 2-13 of shearing around fixed pulley 2-1；As feed screw nut 1-4 continues to rise, steel wire
Rope 2-2 is tensed and pulling force is transferred to the lower box 2-13 of shearing；Steel wire rope 2-2 be tightened up should during controller 4-1 it is continuous
Detect and record the force signal of pulling force sensor 1-9, can be tightened up after steel wire rope 2-2 covers idle stroke, therefore when pulling force passes
Shearing lower box 2-13, steel wire rope 2-2 are started drag when the power of sensor 1-9 sharply increases needs synchronous recording to swash while being pulled
Optical displacement sensor 1-8 detection displacement signals are the distance for shearing lower box 2-13 movements, shear lower box 2-13 in pulling force effect
Under moved on straight-line ball track 2-9, when displacement reaches 6mm, soil has completed detrusion, at this time controller 4-1
Control stepping motor 1-2 stops rising and being reset to initial position；The lower box 2-13 displacement distances of record shearing and drawing at the same time
During the force signal of force snesor 1-9, the pulling force measured is that the power for alloing soil sample to occur needed for detrusion (takes during application
Maximum, force during this, can also take average power), which is with the ratio between transversal disc of box central cylindrical cavity under shearing
Shearing force.Shearing force of the soil sample under the conditions of the setting precompression can be measured by above-mentioned five step, complete a determination test；The
Six steps：For the soil sample of same type different water cut, the output pressure of compressed air is set to reach soil sample by adjusting pressure regulator valve
Next precompression tests setting value, repeats the above process shearing force when can obtain the setting precompression；7th step：Will be big
Data processing is carried out in the shearing force data measured equal to five different precompression conditions, is calculated using Coulomb's equation and obtains soil sample
Cohesive force, internal friction angle, the mechanics parameter such as detrusion modulus.
The course of work of the present invention：Stepper motor 1-2 is controlled to use pulling force by touch display screen 4-2 and controller 4-1
The disk 1-7 rates of climb, that is, shear rate is setting value, and box 2-13 is placed on the straight-line ball track 2- on pedestal 2-7 under shearing
On 9 and limit on the right-right-hand limit position is pushed into, box 2-5 is placed under shear on box 2-13 in shearing, in diagonal shear under box 2-5 and shearing
2-6 is sold in insertion in pin hole diagonal box 2-13, is prevented box 2-5 in shearing and is sheared lower box 2-13 from relatively moving, box in shearing
2-5 is centrally formed cylindrical cavity with the lower box 2-13 of shearing；The soil sample prepared is taken out using cutting ring and is pressed into by shearing
The circular cylindrical cavity that box 2-5 and the lower box 2-13 of shearing are formed, pressure plare 2-8 is placed above the soil sample in the upper box 2-5 of shearing, protected
Pressure plare 2-8 is held with the center of the upper box 2-5 of shearing on same vertical line, startup air compressor 3-1, adjusts pressure regulator valve 3-2
It is preset pressure value to make pressure gauge 3-3 readings, the piston in opening three position four-way directional control valve 3-5, compressed air pusher cylinder 2-4
Bar moves down, and fixed pressure head 2-10 on the piston rod presses to pressure plare 2-8 to set precompression, and pressure plare 2-8 is to set
Pressure directly imposes soil sample vertical precompression；Pull out and be inserted in the upper box 2-5 of shearing and the pin 2-6 in the lower box 2-13 pin holes of shearing,
Stepper motor 1-2 work is controlled by touch display screen 4-2 and controller 4-1, stepper motor 1-2 driving screws 1-6 is rotated simultaneously
Feed screw nut 1-4 is driven to rise along guide rail 1-11, while feed screw nut 1-4 drives tension plate 1-7, pulling force sensor 1-9 successively
Rise, so that tense wire rope 2-2, steel wire rope 2-2 pull the lower box 2-13 of shearing around fixed pulley 2-1；With feed screw nut 1-4
Continue to rise, steel wire rope 2-2 is tensed and pulling force is transferred to box 2-13, controller 4-1 under shearing and detects and record pull sensing
The force signal of device 1-9, is to start drag the pulling force for shearing lower box 2-13 when the power of pulling force sensor 1-9 sharply increases, together
When recording laser displacement sensor 1-8 detection displacement signal be the distance for shearing lower box 2-13 movements, shear lower box 2-13 and exist
Moved under pulling force effect on straight-line ball track 2-9, when displacement reaches 6mm, controller 4-1 control stepping motors 1-
2 stop rising and are reset to initial position, and one time precompression shear history terminates.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device, it is characterised in that adjusted including drive assembly, shearing assembly, precompression
Assembly, control assembly,
Drive assembly include rack (1-1), stepper motor (1-2), shaft coupling (1-3), feed screw nut (1-4), sliding block (1-5),
Screw (1-6), tension plate (1-7), laser displacement sensor (1-8), pulling force sensor (1-9), bearing block (1-10), guide rail
(1-11), horizontal platform (1-12), rack (1-1) include bottom plate (1-1-1), middle plate (1-1-2), top plate (1-1-3) and pillar (1-
1-4), four pillars (1-1-4) are parallel and both pass through bottom plate (1-1-1), middle plate (1-1-2), the corner of top plate (1-1-3), and four
Root pillar (1-1-4) connects and composes rack (1- with bottom plate (1-1-1), middle plate (1-1-2), the Corner Strapped of top plate (1-1-3)
1)；Stepper motor (1-2) is fixed on the lower section of rack top plate (1-1-3)；Screw (1-6) lower end passes through bearing, bearing block (1-
10) it is installed on framework soleplate, screw (1-6) top is installed on plate (1-1-2) in rack by bearing, bearing block (1-10)
On, screw (1-6) upper end passes through plate (1-1-2) and the output shaft of stepper motor (1-2) in rack to connect by shaft coupling (1-3)
Connect；Guide rail (1-11) be arranged on rack left inside side, guide rail (1-11) both ends fix be separately fixed at framework soleplate (1-1-1) and in
On plate (1-1-2), the center line of guide rail (1-11) is parallel with screw (1-6) axis；Sliding block (1-5) is installed on guide rail (1-11)
And form prismatic pair with guide rail；Feed screw nut (1-4) is installed on screw (1-6) and forms threaded engagement with leading screw；Leading screw spiral shell
Female (1-4) side is fixed on sliding block (1-5), and tension plate (1-7) is fixed on the opposite side of feed screw nut (1-4)；Horizontal platform (1-
12) left end is fixed on framework soleplate (1-1-1)；Pulling force sensor (1-9) top is fixed on below tension plate (1-7)；Laser
Displacement sensor (1-8) is installed on below feed screw nut (1-4)；
Shear assembly include fixed pulley (2-1), steel wire rope (2-2), pressure frame (2-3), cylinder (2-4), box (2-5) in shearing,
The lower box (2-13) of shearing, pin (2-6), pedestal (2-7), pressure plare (2-8), straight-line ball track (2-9), pressure head (2-10), extension
Hook (2-11), horizontal index instrument (2-12), pressure frame (2-3) middle beam are fixedly connected and keep with horizontal platform (1-12) right end
Horizontal platform (1-12) is in level；Pedestal (2-7) is fixed on horizontal platform (1-12), and two straight-line ball tracks (2-9) are respectively
It is longitudinally mounted to the both sides of the upper surface of pedestal (2-7)；Box (2-5), lower box (2-13) shape of shearing are cuboid in shearing, are cut
Box (2-5), lower box (2-13) center of shearing are cut as with one heart with diameter cylindrical cavity, and shears the cylinder of upper box (2-5)
Cavity is through hole, shears the not penetrating composition hydrostatic column in cylindrical cavity bottom of lower box (2-13)；The lower box (2-13) of shearing
Lie against on two straight-line ball tracks (2-9), box (2-5) is placed on the lower box (2-13) of shearing with central axis in shearing, is cut
The diagonal angle for cutting box (2-13) under box (2-5), shearing is equipped with pin hole, and two backing pins (2-6) are inserted into the upper box (2- of shearing respectively
5), shear lower box (2-13) to form in two pin holes coordinated, make the center of the lower box (2-13) of box in shearing (2-5), shearing empty
Chamber keeps concentric；Pyramidal pits are equipped with the top of pressure plare (2-8), pressure plare (2-8) lower part is on cylinder and diameter and shearing
The through-hole diameter at box (2-5) center is identical, and pressure plare (2-8) is placed in the central through hole of the upper box (2-5) of shearing and forms gap
Coordinate；The cylinder body end of cylinder (2-4) is fixed on the upper inside of pressure frame (2-3), and pressure head (2-10) upper end is installed on cylinder (2-4)
Tailpiece of the piston rod, pressure head (2-10) lower end is outer male conical, the outer male conical of pressure head (2-10) lower end with the top of pressure plare (2-8)
The taper of pyramidal pits is identical；Pressure head (2-10) axis is with shearing upper box (2-5) central through hole axis on the same line；Hook
(2-11) is L-shaped, and hook (2-11) is fixed on the outside of the upper box (2-5) of shearing, and is linked up with (2-11) and be articulated in pressure frame (2-3)
On the fixed cross beam in portion；Draw ring is equipped with the inside of the lower box (2-13) of shearing, box (2- under shear is fixed in one end of steel wire rope (2-2)
13) on draw ring, the other end of steel wire rope (2-2) is connected with pulling force sensor (1-9) lower end, and fixed pulley (2-1) is fixed on water
Platform (1-12) upper left quarter, steel wire rope (2-2) is from fixed pulley (2-1) lower part around horizontal segment when tensing and horizontal platform (1-12) table
Face is parallel, and the vertical section of steel wire rope (2-2) is vertical with horizontal platform (1-12)；Horizontal index instrument (2-12) is fixed on horizontal platform (1-
12) middle part upper surface；
Precompression adjusts assembly and is changed including air compressor (3-1), pressure regulator valve (3-2), digital display manometer (3-3), 3-position 4-way
To valve (3-4), triple valve (3-5), high-pressure hose (3-6), pressure regulator valve (3-2), pressure gauge (3-4), three position four-way directional control valve (3-
5) it is installed on front side of horizontal platform (1-12), air compressor (3-1), pressure regulator valve (3-2), triple valve (3-5), 3-position 4-way commutation
Valve (3-4), the gas circuit of cylinder (2-4) pass sequentially through high-pressure hose (3-6) connection, another outlet connection number of triple valve (3-5)
Aobvious pressure gauge (3-3)；
Control assembly includes controller (4-1) and touching display screen (4-2), pulling force sensor (1-9), laser displacement sensor
(1-8) is connected by signal wire with controller (4-1), and stepper motor (1-2) passes through signal wire, power cord and controller (4-1)
Connection, controller (4-1) are connected with touching display screen (4-2) by signal wire.
2. soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that under the lower box (2-13) of shearing
Portion for "eight" shape conduit with the rolling element of straight-line ball track (2-9) while contact, box (2-13) lower part another side under shearing
Level is contacted with the rolling element of straight-line ball track (2-9).
3. soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pedestal (2-7) is equipped with two
Bar surface is inverted "eight" shape conduit, and two straight-line ball tracks (2-9) are placed on inverted "eight" shape conduit respectively at two, directly
The rolling element of line ball orbit (2-9) and two contact of incline plane of pedestal (2-7) inverted "eight" shape conduit.
A kind of 4. assay method using soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step
It is rapid as follows：
The first step：Determine soil types to be measured, prepare the soil sample of different water cut；
Second step：Adjust pressure regulator valve (3-2) and observe digital display manometer (3-3), make the output pressure i.e. digital display pressure of compressed air
The numerical value of power table (3-3) reaches experiment setting value；It is electronic that stepping is adjusted by touching display screen (4-2) and controller (4-1)
Machine (1-2) rotating speed, makes feed screw nut (1-4) move up speed and reach and cuts 0.8mm/min or slow shear 0.2mm/s settings soon；
3rd step：The pin hole that box (2-13) under upper box (2-5), shearing will be sheared is aligned, insertion pin (2-6), under shear box (2-
13) permeable stone and filter paper are put into, the upper box (2-5) of shearing and the lower box (2-13) of shearing are put into using cutting ring sample sample and by sample
In the cylindrical cavity that center is formed, then pressure plare (2-8) is placed on and is sheared above in the soil sample of box (2-5) centered cylinder cavity；
4th step：Gas circuit is set to be connected with cylinder (2-4) using three position four-way directional control valve (3-4), the piston rod of cylinder (2-4) drives
Pressure head (2-8) moves down, and pressure head (2-8) is contacted with the pit on pressure plare (2-8) top, is then applied with the precompression of setting to soil sample
Add pressure at right angle, until the piston rod of cylinder (2-4) is without moving down；
5th step：Stepping motor (1-2) work is controlled by touching display screen (4-2) and controller (4-1), stepping is electronic
Machine (1-2) driving screw (1-6) rotates and drives feed screw nut (1-4) to rise along guide rail (1-11), while feed screw nut (1-4)
Tension plate (1-7), pulling force sensor (1-9) is driven to rise successively, so that tense wire rope (2-2), steel wire rope (2-2) is around fixed
Pulley (2-1) draws the lower box (2-13) of shearing；As feed screw nut (1-4) continues to rise, steel wire rope (2-2) tenses and passes pulling force
The lower box (2-13) of shearing is handed to, controller (4-1) detects and records pulling force sensor during steel wire rope (2-2) is tightened up
The force signal of (1-9), the lower box (2-13) of shearing is started drag when the power of pulling force sensor (1-9) sharply increases, is remembered at the same time
It is to shear the mobile distance of lower box (2-13) to record laser displacement sensor (1-8) detection displacement signal, shears lower box (2-13)
Moved under a stretching force on straight-line ball track (2-9), when displacement reaches 6mm, controller (4-1) control stepping electricity
Motivation (1-2) stops rising and being reset to initial position；Lower box (2-13) displacement distance of record shearing and pulling are sheared at the same time
During pulling force needed for lower box (2-13), the pulling force that measures is soil sample is occurred the power needed for detrusion, the power with shearing
The ratio between transversal disc of box central cylindrical cavity is shearing force；Soil sample can be measured in the setting precompression bar by above-mentioned five step
Shearing force under part, completes a determination test；
6th step：For the soil sample of same type different water cut, reach the output pressure of compressed air by adjusting pressure regulator valve
To the next precompression experiment setting value of soil sample, shearing force when can obtain the setting precompression is repeated the above process；
7th step：It will be greater than being equal to the shearing force data progress data processing that five different precompression conditions measure, utilize coulomb
Formula calculates the mechanics parameter for obtaining soil sample, and mechanics parameter includes cohesive force, internal friction angle, detrusion modulus.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110274822A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-24 | 吉林大学 | A kind of rock mass discontinuity cutting creep instrument |
| CN113504175A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-15 | 中山大学 | Pipe-soil contact interface friction coefficient measuring method |
| CN113740179A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110274822A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-24 | 吉林大学 | A kind of rock mass discontinuity cutting creep instrument |
| CN110274822B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-03-15 | 吉林大学 | Rock mass structural plane shear creep instrument |
| CN113504175A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-15 | 中山大学 | Pipe-soil contact interface friction coefficient measuring method |
| CN113740179A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and method |
| CN113740179B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-06-07 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose on-site shearing instrument and method |
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