CN1081494C - 用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法 - Google Patents

用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法 Download PDF

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CN1081494C
CN1081494C CN96193538A CN96193538A CN1081494C CN 1081494 C CN1081494 C CN 1081494C CN 96193538 A CN96193538 A CN 96193538A CN 96193538 A CN96193538 A CN 96193538A CN 1081494 C CN1081494 C CN 1081494C
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埃米尔·弗里德里希
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Abstract

一种直接用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法,在塑料管周围(14)置一金属带(20),所述的金属带(20)包括向它的一共同侧弯曲的纵边缘(32),当所述金属带(20)置于所述塑料管(14)周围时,该所述纵边缘彼此邻接并大体平行于塑料管(14)的纵轴线延伸,并被焊接在一起。被弯曲的纵边(32)体积和焊接的能量如下选择,使在焊后在纵边上(20)被焊在一起的金属带在纵缝(46)区域构成一外表面(50),该外表面基本位于金属包层(16)的外圆周表面(48)上。

Description

用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法
本发明涉及一种用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法,其中,在塑料管周围置一金属带,所述的金属带包括向它的一侧弯曲的纵边缘,当该金属带置于塑料管周围时,该两纵边缘邻接,并大体平行于塑料管的纵轴线延伸,被焊接在一起。
为了生产塑料一金属复合管,其中,要求在塑料管周围非强制地模制一金属带,在用金属带包裹了塑料内管之后,另一塑料管从外面被挤压到上面。这样的复合管由于有塑料管的柔性,并由于金属中间层的存在就象金属管一样具有良好的防渗透能力,故兼有纯塑料管和金属管的优点。
制造塑料一金属复合管的方法例如从DE 20 45 973 A1,DE 2923 544 C2,DE 32 5 869 A1,DE 43 10 272 A1和EP 0 639 411A1可以了解到。
用金属带包裹一塑料管的问题是,金属带被置于塑料管的周围后金属带纵向边缘的连接。在这方面大都是将金属带的纵边焊接,问题是由于焊接而有损坏塑料管的危险。
根据现有技术,已知被置于塑料管周围的金属带的纵边互相重叠,并焊在一起,由上述的DE 29 23 544 C2可知将邻接的纵向金属带的边缘焊接在一起。但这要求相当精确的过程控制和导向两个金属带和金属带的邻接纵边。
在上述的DE 20 45 973 A1和DE 32 35 869 A1中建议,为从一金属带生产金属管向金属带的一侧弯曲金属带的纵边,然后把如此模制的金属带成形一管子,被弯曲的纵边彼此邻接,在这状态下,纵边的自由端被焊接在一起,被焊接的接缝只在纵边的自由端区域延伸。在纵边的其余区域,特别是向金属带中部过度的地方,它们彼此不连接。这意味着焊缝不是延伸在纵边的整个高度上。由纵边和焊后仍旧残留的部分组成的径向突起被向下折叠。在该区域,因为金属带也是通过重叠纵向边被模制成金属管的,金属带包括一个不需要的加厚的不规则的截面。
而且在DE 43 10 272 A1和EP 0 639 411 A1介绍的方法中,被置于内塑料管周围的金属带具有被彼此焊接的向外突起的带边。
本发明的目的是提供一种用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法,其中,不要求对被焊在一起的金属带弯曲纵边的纵缝进行焊后处理。
为了达到所述目的,本发明提出了一个用上述种类的金属包层包裹塑料管的方法,其中,被弯曲的纵边和焊接的能量如下选择,使在纵边上被焊在一起的金属带在纵边区域构成一外表面,该外表面基本位于其余金属带的外圆周表面上。
根据本发明,提供了一定方式的相互配合的‘焊接体积’和焊接能。应注意到,通过焊接被弯曲的纵边一方面彼此连接,另一方面,由弯曲纵边形成的径向突起被‘焊’下。该焊接的体积由纵边的高度和厚度,即金属带的厚度确定。被引入到焊缝的能取决于由焊接装置放出的能和焊接装置和金属带之间的相对运动速度。因此,每一单位前进路线的焊能必须依据焊接的体积这样来选择,使得在焊后纵边被焊下到其余金属带的外圆周表面上,这意味着,尽管有金属带的弯曲纵边,而在焊后没有显著的金属包层的外突起。
利用本发明的方法可以减小金属带的厚度,金属带通常是铝制的,用于生产目前的塑料金属复合管的铝带的厚度减至大约一半。由于直立的纵边,获得足够大的邻接面,并且当实际之中可能发生的,从复合管的长度看在金属带的纵边具有径向波浪错位时,该邻接面也是足够大的。一方面,金属带的纵边对于形成焊缝的根部(指向内部的焊蚕状突起)提供了足够大的材料体积,该焊缝不向内突起太大,虽然足够显著并在焊后仅有小的邻近金属带的双边缺口;在另一方面,如此小材料体积,没有显著大的径向突起。当焊接时,整个的纵边材料被熔化用以形成纵焊缝,并因此产生金属带中部的侧端部的紧密连接。而且,直到进行焊接过程,弯曲纵边一直具有可更好地导向金属带的优点。
从导致产生既不向内也不向外有较大突起的焊缝的焊接能和焊接体积的创造性的配合方面,可见到根据本发明方法的决定性的优点。没有大的突起的优点是已然完成的内管在焊缝区没有或仅有一个可以忽略的截面变形。仅有小的向外突起决不会妨碍外管塑料层的施加,外管因此也是在360度的截面上均一的。
在可节省金属带的纵缝的机械修整中可看出根据本发明的方法的主要优点。这一点也适用于金属包层本身,因为被置于塑料管周围并焊接的金属带不要求任何的再校准或减少直径。其原因特别可从这点见到,即,由于金属带有弯曲的纵边,因为该突起纵边,焊接装置与塑料内管可有更大的距离,金属带在焊缝区离塑料内管比,例如,重叠纵边或邻接纵边的情况时,更靠近内塑料管。因此,当焊接纵边时对内管的热影响减少。因此,即使在焊缝区金属带可能离内管相当近。通过在焊接随后的金属带的冷却,金属带收缩,进一步提高了塑料管与金属带之间的接合。
最好焊接能与焊接体积是这样设定,使焊缝具有一个在它外面的适当小的平突起,它从金属带中间部分形成的(圆柱)外表面的(假想的)延伸线上稍突起(最好为金属带厚度的1/10-1/5)。最好,焊接的根部具有两个突起,这两个突起确定它们的一个凹部。在它的最深的部位,该凹部大约位于金属带内部分内圆周表面的延伸上。在它侧面的两个突起向内大约突起金属带的厚度的1/5。
另外,使焊接能和焊接体积相互这样配合,在焊缝外面出现一个平整部分,焊根部具有一相对于焊缝的突起。
如上所述,金属带的纵边被向一侧弯曲。金属带的中部在两个纵边之间延伸。两个金属带纵边被折叠的角度可以选择为不相同,两个角度之合约是180度。如果两个角度相等,即每个为90度,当金属带围住塑料管时,该纵边径向突起。
本发明的可取的发展是提供了通过形成平滑的金属带而形成突起纵边。为此目的金属带被通过至少一个模制台。这个模制台包括至少两个被支撑的模制辊,使得模制辊围绕平行的旋转轴可旋转,并具有彼此相对的圆周表面。要被变形的金属带引入到在这两个模制辊的圆周或模制面之间的间隙中,以使以前未变形的金属带具有弯曲的纵边。
金属带的变形可在连续运转中连续实现(利用上述的模制台),或者间断地通过将金属带的长度段送入一个模制工具,分段地使它们实现变形。
为产生纵边,起初使金属带有阶梯的纵侧面是可取的。这个阶梯最好形成为这样,金属带的截面的在其截面上的中部和纵侧之间具有Z形轮廓。在中部的每侧上,金属带的中部具有与相邻的一个弯角的从中部突起的角部,从这角部又伸出一个边部,该边部基本平行于金属带的中部。这意味着,从截面看,金属带包括取决于金属带的方向的一升起的或低下的凹陷中部,在其两侧由突起的L形突缘限定,该突缘包括角部,与它相邻的是平行于中部并彼此面对相离的边部。这样可生产的角部可以非常短,即,在金属带的中部和边部之间的高度错位可选择得很小。通过变形程序后的修整程序,该边部从角部分开。因此,模制的金属带被精整,正好由中部和它两侧的相邻角部组成,该角部构成用来焊接金属带相互邻接的弯曲纵边。
具体地说,修整装置是一带旋转刀或旋转切割刃边的切割工具,该工具在角部外表面上接合,将直接与角部相邻的边部切掉。两角部的外表面是处于互相离开面对的角部表面。与此相对,两角部内表面彼此面向。在修整过程中,金属带在中部和角部被一支座支撑住。最好这个支座是一个相对的辊,它的旋转轴平行于切割辊的旋转刀的轴延伸。在它的轴的每个端部,该相对的辊包括一个台阶。每个台阶直径减小,该直径的减小被选择成与金属带的角部高度相等,即,等于金属带中部和边部的错位,错位的轴向伸长等于角部金属带的厚度,即为金属带的厚度。
用上述方法,即,生产带升起的或凹下的中部,和与中部有错位的边部的带台阶的金属带,以及随后通过切掉该边部修整金属带,能够制造带极短突起纵边的金属带。金属带的变形可作为连续操作连续地实现,或者不连续间断地实现。金属带也可在深拉拔操作中模制。
根据上述方法生产的被包裹的塑料内管可以作为生产塑料一金属一塑料复合管的中间产品用。在该塑料内管包层之后,形成塑料外管的另一塑料层被敷在该包层上。可在塑料内管和金属包层中间以及金属包层和塑料外管中间涂敷上另外的作为粘结剂的塑料层。因为焊缝在焊后未经机械后处理已然是平的,其外轮廓与中部金属带外圆表面大体接近,随后的为粘结和生产外管而附加塑料层均无问题,总是可生产紧密的层,而无需在纵焊缝区加过多的塑料。这意味着外层可以真正做的相当薄,这些层即使如此薄,在纵焊缝区也具有一足够的尺寸,即厚度。
参照附图,下文将对本发明详细说明:
图1是多层复合管生产装置侧视图;
图2是根据图1生产多层复合管要求的金属带的模制和修整装置侧视图;
图3-5是图2的III-III,IV-IV和V-V面上的金属带截面图;
图6-8是图1的VI-VI,VII-VII和VIII-VIII面上的内管剖视图,金属带被置于周围或靠近它,图7还示出在焊接台上将金属带保持在相互邻接的突起纵边的状态中的模制工具;
图9是与图8中IX圈起来的部分相应的焊缝放大图,可看到焊缝根部形状和外面的平整突起;及
图10和11是模制和修整装置沿图2的X-X和XI-XI的一对模制辊和一对修整辊的剖视图。
图1示意地示出生产多层复合管12的装置10,该复合管包括一塑料内管14,一塑料内管14的金属包层16和一个附加在金属包层16外的外塑料管18。金属包层16使用在一个模制和修整装置22上形成了突起纵边的金属带20。图2示意地示出这个模制和修整装置22的侧视图。装置22每个台的进一步细节可见图10和11,下文会对图10和11作说明。
为生产复合管12,通过下述已知方式操作装置10。首先,通过一个挤压机24将塑料内管14挤压出来。通过另一个挤压机26将作为粘结剂的一塑料层27从外面贴到内管14上。在挤压机的下游,从侧面下面或上面供给(铝)金属带20,该金属带通过辊模制台28由外面被置于内管14的周围。金属带20的供给速度被选择的与内管14挤压的速度同步。由图6可见,金属带20包括一中部30,在它的纵侧面设有突起的纵边32。通过辊模制台28,金属带20被引入与内管14接合并这样被置于它的周围,使90度突起的纵边32形成相互顶接。这样顶接的纵边32基本上沿内管14径向突起,并在焊接台34被焊接在一起。下面将参照图7-9详细说明这个焊接过程,在纵缝焊接后(金属带20的相互接触的纵边32分别在内管14和复合管12的轴向延伸),作为粘结剂38的另一塑料层由一挤压机36涂在金属包层16上。由另一挤压机40把塑料外管18的塑料层挤压到粘结层38上。由已知的措施,粘结层27和38被活化,内外管的塑料层被交联。在此不作详述。
如上面所述,金属带被这样置于内管周围,使得它的中间部分30在内管14和粘结层27的外表面上整个面邻接,并且纵边32的内表面42(图6)相互接触,在此状态下(图6)该纵边是彼此面向的,当金属带拉直时构成外表面。借助于相应的模制或模制保持辊44,在纵边32被焊接时,金属带被保持在这个状态。每前进单位路程由焊接台34发出的焊接能以及由纵边提供的材料量(焊接体积)是这样选择,在焊接以前存在的纵边32的径向突起在焊接后不再存在,即,焊缝46的外轮廓接近于金属带20其余区域的金属包层16的外轮廓。图9示出一个放大比例的通过焊缝的截面。在此可以见到,焊缝46在其外部稍有一突起50,基本与金属包层16或金属带20的外圆表面是吻合的。在图9中,在焊缝46的突起50区域以虚线加上了圆周表面48。在焊缝46内可看到根部包括在焊缝两侧的两个内突起52和一个中间的凹陷53。根部的内突起52向金属带20中部32的过度具有小的缺口54,它的深度以及内突起52和凹陷53决定于焊接体积和焊接能。因此,通过选择焊接能和焊接体积(金属带20的厚度和纵边32的高度),金属带可在它的纵边32处这样焊接在一起,使得焊缝46包括一个与金属包层16的外轮廓相配的外轮廓,带有向金属带机械可靠地过度,不必在焊缝46上或金属包层16本身上进行任何机械修磨,同时根部的形成足够地显著,这对于降低生产成本具有决定性的效果,因为一方面,方法的步骤或处理的步骤可节省,另一方面因为金属包层可靠地焊接在一起的可能性,可以使用较薄的金属带。
下面就图2-5和图10,11说明生产带弯曲纵边的金属带的方法。从在卷58上绕(见图2)的扁平宽金属带56开始模制金属带20。在辊模制台60,金属带56被给予图4所示的截面轮廓。辊模制台60包括两个模制辊62和64,它们包括互补的圆周表面并从两侧(上下)与金属带56接合。通过向被支撑成可绕平行轴转动的两个模制辊62,63之间的间隙引入金属带56,金属带被压紧并因此被模制,使它获得图4的截面。模制辊62包括一几乎在整个轴向长度上延伸的凹部66,并在轴端具有台阶状升起的部分68,而模制辊64的圆周表面设有一圆周升起部70和两个直径缩小的有台阶的轴端。在金属56纵侧面上扁平的中间部分74的两侧具有相邻的L形的突缘76是金属带56的轮廓或截面的特征。每个L形的突缘76包括一个连接中间部分74并由它大体直角突起的第一短分支78。与这短分支(也称之为角部)相邻有一第二较长的分支80(下文也称之为边部),它与中间部74平行延伸,并相对于中间部74在高度上错开角部的长度。
通过压制方法这样模制的金属带56被供给一个修整台82,该台包括从两侧与金属带56接合的辊84,86。如图4所示,辊84从上面与金属带56接合,它包括径向突起的圆周切割刃边88,该刃边被设在角部78的两侧,作用是切割L形突缘76的边部80。上(修整)辊84包括一凹的中间圆周表面,与它的两侧相邻的是突起的切割刃边。下辊(相对辊)86在它的轴端有台阶90。台阶90的尺寸是这样选择的,使辊86接合在角部78上,并另外与L形边缘76的较长分支80接合一段与金属带的尺寸相等的距离。因此,由台阶造成的表面和辊86的其余外圆表面在角部78的区域形成一个顶接的表面,以便在修整时支撑金属带56。在图5中示出被切割的金属带的轮廓,被分开的边部用虚线示出。金属带的这个轮廓与上述金属带20的轮廓一致,然后在本实施例中,它被从下面向塑料内管导向,并被置于塑料内管周围,这在前面已介绍过。

Claims (8)

1.一种用金属包层包裹塑料管的方法,其中
一在塑料管周围(14)设置一金属带(20),所述的金属带(20)包括向它的一共同侧弯曲的纵边缘(32),当所述金属带(20)置于所述塑料管(14)周围时,该所述纵边缘彼此邻接,并大体平行于塑料管(14)的纵轴线延伸,并被焊接在一起;
一被弯曲的纵边(32)的体积和焊接的能量如下选择,使在焊后,在纵边(20)上被焊在一起的金属带在纵缝(46)区域构成一外表面(50),该外表面基本位于金属包层(16)的外圆周表面(48)上;
其特征在于:具有突起纵边(32)的金属带(20)是通过在一初始金属带(56)上纵侧模制成L形突缘(76)而形成的,L形突缘(76)的第一分支(78)在每一纵侧由初始金属带(56)的中部(74)突起,L形突缘(76)的第二分支(80)由所述第一分支平行于中部延伸,第二分支从第一分支上在初始金属带(56)的纵侧变形后分开掉,以致第一分支(78)是所余金属带(20)的纵边(32)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:初始金属带(56)被导向进入至少一对辊的两个模制辊(62,64)圆周面之间的间隙之中,而在它的两个纵侧模制L形突缘(76),模制辊(62,64)包括互补的圆周模制表面,用以在两侧接合初始的金属带。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:在模制辊(62,64)的各自圆周模制表面中,一个模制辊(64)具有一圆柱升起的中间部,另一模制辊(62)具有一圆柱凹下中间部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:初始金属带(56)的L形突缘(76)的第二分支(80)的分开掉是通过一对修整辊实现的,所述一对修整辊包括一切割辊(84)和一相对辊(86),所述切割辊(84)接合初始金属带(56)的中部(74)和L形突缘的第一分支(78),所述相对辊接合中部(74)和L形突缘(76)的第一分支,以及以等于初始金属带(56)厚度的距离接合在L形突缘的第二分支(80)上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:金属带(20)两纵边(32)与中部(30)形成的角度之合约为180度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:金属带(20)的纵边(32)每个弯成90度角。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:焊后纵焊缝(46)的外表面(50)稍微突起。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:纵焊缝(46)包括在内侧的两个突起(52),在所述两个突起间有一凹陷(53)。
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