CN108145118B - 一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN108145118B
CN108145118B CN201810025173.7A CN201810025173A CN108145118B CN 108145118 B CN108145118 B CN 108145118B CN 201810025173 A CN201810025173 A CN 201810025173A CN 108145118 B CN108145118 B CN 108145118B
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amorphous alloy
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CN108145118A (zh
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谢盛辉
涂先猛
彭广强
王东辉
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Shenzhen University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • B24B3/54Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades of hand or table knives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C45/00Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/001Amorphous alloys with Cu as the major constituent
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C45/00Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/10Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法,其中,制作方法包括:步骤A、将制备非晶合金的液态母合金熔炼均匀后,以1.0‑10m/s的速度压入钢模中,再以10‑104℃/s的速度冷却,得到非晶合金刀坯;步骤B、将所述非晶合金刀坯去除毛刺,在循环水冷却下,由粗磨到细磨对非晶合金刀坯的刀刃进行打磨,得到非晶合金刀。本发明选用的材料为非晶合金,非晶合金没有晶粒晶界,组织结构不均匀性体现在纳米尺度,与晶态材料在微米尺度上存在差异不同,因此,非晶合金刀的刀刃开锋时,力学性能表现为各向同性,不易崩边,能制作出更锋利的刀刃;并且在整个制作过程中,只需要循环水进行冷却防止非晶合金晶化即可,无需再进行热处理。

Description

一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及刀具领域,尤其涉及一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法。
背景技术
目前市面上的刀大都为白钢、钨钢或锰钢等合金制作,这些材料均为晶体材料。一方面,晶体中晶粒的尺度一般都是微米级别,而在微米尺度上,晶粒与晶界力学性能存在差异,因此制作刀具采用砂轮磨削刀的刀刃进行开锋时,容易造成部分晶粒整体脱落,即崩边,从而制作出的刀不够锋利;另一方面,现有的刀具在开锋过程中需要进行热处理来提高刀具的力学性能,能耗高。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法,旨在解决现有的刀在制作过程中开锋易崩边而不够锋利且需要热处理的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种非晶合金刀的制作方法,包括:
步骤A、将制备非晶合金的液态母合金熔炼均匀后,以1.0-10m/s的速度压入钢模中,再以10-104℃/s的速度冷却,得到非晶合金刀坯;
步骤B、去除所述非晶合金刀坯的毛刺,在循环水冷却下,由粗磨到细磨对非晶合金刀坯的刀刃依次进行打磨,得到非晶合金刀。
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述步骤B之后还包括:步骤C、在循环水冷却下,采用金刚石抛光剂或者研磨膏对非晶合金刀的刀刃进行抛光。
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述步骤A中,所述钢模的内壁粗糙度≤0.05μm。
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述非晶合金为Zr基非晶合金、Ti基非晶合金或Cu基非晶合金。
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述Zr基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
Zrx1Cux2Nix3Alx4TMx5,其中X1=30-75,X2=5-40,X3=5-30,X4=0-20,X5=0-10,TM为过渡族金属元素,包括Nb、Ta、Mo和Er;
或ZrY1TiY2CuY3NiY4BeY5,其中Y1=40-50,Y2=8-15,Y3=5-15,Y4=10,Y5=20-30。
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述Zr基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:Zr63.78Cu14.72Ni10Al10Nb1.5
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述Ti基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
TiZ1ZrZ2NiZ3CuZ4BeZ5BZ6SnZ7SiZ8AgZ9,其中Z1=30-50,Z2=0-35,Z3=0-30,Z4=0-45,Z5=0-35,Z6=0-4,Z7=0-6,Z8=0-5,Z9=0-5。
所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其中,所述Cu基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
CuW1AgW2ZrW3TiW4,其中W1=40-55,W2=8-20,W3=30-40,W4=0-10;
或(CuU1HfU2TiU3U4TMU5,其中U1=50-70,U2=20-30,U3=10-20,U4=100-X5,U5=0-10),TM为过渡族金属元素,包括Nb、Ta、Mo和Er。
一种非晶合金刀,由如上所述的制作方法制作而成。
所述的非晶合金刀为篆刻刀、手术刀或指甲刀。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种如上所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,本发明选用的材料为非晶合金,非晶合金没有晶粒晶界,组织结构不均匀性体现在纳米尺度,与晶态材料在微米尺度上存在差异不同,因此,非晶合金刀的刀刃开锋时,力学性能表现为各向同性,不易崩边,能制作出更锋利的刀刃;并且在整个制作过程中,只需要循环水进行冷却防止非晶合金晶化即可,无需再进行热处理。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供了一种非晶合金刀的制作方法,包括:
步骤A、将制备非晶合金的液态母合金熔炼均匀后,以1.0-10m/s的速度压入钢模中,再以10-104℃/s的速度冷却,得到非晶合金刀坯;
步骤B、去除所述非晶合金刀坯的毛刺,在循环水冷却下,由粗磨到细磨对非晶合金刀坯的刀刃依次进行打磨,得到非晶合金刀。
本发明选用的材料为非晶合金,非晶合金没有晶粒晶界,组织结构不均匀性体现在纳米尺度,与晶态材料在微米尺度上存在差异不同,因此,非晶合金刀的刀刃开锋时,力学性能表现为各向同性,不易崩边,能制作出更锋利的刀刃;并且在整个制作过程中,只需要循环水进行冷却,无需再进行热处理。理论上,只要磨料颗粒足够细,非晶合金刀刃的磨损量就可以精确地控制,从而可以制作出足够锋利的刀。
具体地,将金属原材料加入到真空度≤10-3Pa的电弧炉中,充入惰性气体保护,用电弧熔炼法熔炼原材料得到液态非晶合金。每熔炼一次,合金进行翻转,熔炼次数大于4次,保证合金成分均匀。然后将制备非晶合金的液态母合金以1.0-10m/s(设备参数)的速度压入钢模中,再以10-104℃/s(设备参数)的速度冷却,优选的冷却速度为103-104℃/s,得到非晶合金刀坯。需要强调的是,在此冷却过程中,需要将钢模提前冷却,例如在液氮介质中冷却。其中,钢模的材质优选为HQ-33钢,钢模的内壁粗糙度≤0.05μm,以保证良好的导热和低的界面热阻,促进非晶态的形成;钢模采用对开模设计,优选地在钢模内壁涂脱模剂(耐热润滑离型剂或氮化硼涂料),以利于顺利脱模而不损伤模具。
然后将所述非晶合金刀坯去除毛刺,对非晶合金刀坯的刀刃以一定的刃倾角(例如篆刻刀为28-32°)沿着刀刃轮廓线往返进行打磨,打磨过程伴随着循环水冷却以避免非晶合金因温度升高发生晶化,由粗磨到细磨,并适当调整打磨时间和压力,细磨完后,得到非晶合金刀。
优选地,在循环水冷却下,本发明可进一步采用金刚石抛光剂或者研磨膏对非晶合金刀的刀刃进行抛光,抛光时,确保刀刃轮廓线垂直于抛光机转盘的径向,这样有利于保护刀尖端的锋利度;抛光时采用1-3N的力垂直于抛光平面,抛光时间为1-3min。经过抛光的刀刃尖端厚度尺寸可以达到5μm以下。因此可获得更加锋利的非晶合金刀。
优选地,本发明的非晶合金为Zr基非晶合金、Ti基非晶合金或Cu基非晶合金。上述非晶合金的硬度比目前常用的白钢,钨钢或锰钢略高,且韧性明显更优。非晶合金的耐酸性、耐碱性、耐盐性以及抗各种混合腐蚀都比不锈钢要高。非晶合金强度高,模量小,弹性极限大,弹性储能大。基于上述优点,非晶合金制作出的刀综合力学性能更好。
优选地,所述Zr基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
Zrx1Cux2Nix3Alx4TMx5,其中X1=30-75,X2=5-40,X3=5-30,X4=0-20,X5=0-10,TM为过渡族金属元素,包括Nb、Ta、Mo和Er;
或ZrY1TiY2CuY3NiY4BeY5,其中Y1=40-50,Y2=8-15,Y3=5-15,Y4=10,Y5=20-30。
优选地,所述Zr基非晶合金为Zr63.78Cu14.72Ni10Al10Nb1.5
优选地,所述Ti基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
TiZ1ZrZ2NiZ3CuZ4BeZ5BZ6SnZ7SiZ8AgZ9,其中Z1=30-50,Z2=0-35,Z3=0-30,Z4=0-45,Z5=0-35,Z6=0-4,Z7=0-6,Z8=0-5,Z9=0-5。
优选地,所述Cu基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
CuW1AgW2ZrW3TiW4,其中W1=40-55,W2=8-20,W3=30-40,W4=0-10;
或(CuU1HfU2TiU3U4TMU5,其中U1=50-70,U2=20-30,U3=10-20,U4=100-X5,U5=0-10),TM为过渡族金属元素,包括Nb、Ta、Mo和Er。
采用上述非晶合金可以制作各种非晶合金刀,包括篆刻刀、手术刀和指甲刀等。经测试,非晶合金刀的力学性能满足:抗拉强度≥1800MPa,弹性极限≥1600MPa,弹性变形极限≤2%,维氏硬度≥600HV,断裂韧性≥55MPa·m1/2
下面通过实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1 Zr63.78Cu14.72Ni10Al10Nb1.5非晶篆刻刀的制作
(1)按照上述原子百分比将合金原材料加入到真空度为5*10-4Pa的电弧炉中,充入Ar气保护,进行熔炼。每熔炼一次,合金进行翻转,熔炼次数大于4次,保证合金成分均匀。
(2)提前将钢模放入液氮中冷却,然后将液态合金以5m/s的速度压入钢模中,再以5*103℃/s的速度冷却,打开钢模,得到非晶合金刀坯,其中,钢模内壁涂有氮化硼涂料。
(3)去除毛刺,在循环水冷却下,对刀坯的刀刃以30°(28-32°均可)刃倾角沿着刀刃轮廓线往返进行打磨,打磨方式为:依次用200#、1000#、3000#砂纸分别打磨5min,8min、10min,所施加的力分别为8N、4N和1N。
(4)最后采用W0.25的金刚石抛光剂对刀刃进行抛光。抛光时采用2N的力垂直于抛光平面,抛光时间为2min。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种非晶合金刀及其制作方法,本发明选用的材料为非晶合金,非晶合金没有晶粒晶界,组织结构不均匀性体现在纳米尺度,与晶态材料在微米尺度上存在差异不同,因此,非晶合金刀的刀刃开锋时,力学性能表现为各向同性,不易崩边,能制作出更锋利的刀刃;并且在整个制作过程中,只需要循环水进行冷却,无需再进行热处理。理论上,只要磨料颗粒足够细,非晶合金刀刃的磨损量就可以精确地控制,从而可以制作出足够锋利的刀。并且非晶合金的硬度比目前常用的白钢,钨钢或锰钢略高,韧性则明显更优。非晶合金的耐酸性、耐碱性、耐盐性以及抗各种混合腐蚀都比不锈钢要高。非晶合金强度高,模量小,弹性极限大,弹性储能大,制作出的刀综合力学性能更好。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种非晶合金刀的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤A、将制备非晶合金的液态母合金熔炼均匀后,以5m/s的速度压入钢模中,再以5×103℃/s的速度冷却,得到非晶合金刀坯;
步骤B、去除所述非晶合金刀坯的毛刺,在循环水冷却下,由粗磨到细磨对非晶合金刀坯的刀刃依次进行打磨,得到非晶合金刀;
所述步骤A中,在所述将制备非晶合金的液态母合金熔炼均匀后,以5m/s的速度压入钢模中之前,将钢模放入液氮中冷却;
所述钢模的材质为HQ-33钢,钢模的内壁粗糙度≤0.05μm;
所述步骤B中,所述打磨的方式为:依次用200#、1000#、3000#砂纸分别打磨5min,
8min、10min,所施加的力分别为8N、4N和1N;
所述步骤B之后还包括:步骤C、在循环水冷却下,采用金刚石抛光剂或者研磨膏对非晶合金刀的刀刃进行抛光;
所述抛光时采用1-3N的力垂直于抛光平面,抛光时间为1-3min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其特征在于,所述非晶合金为Zr基非晶合金、Ti基非晶合金或Cu基非晶合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其特征在于,所述Zr基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
Zrx1Cux2Nix3Alx4TMx5,其中X1=30-75,X2=5-40,X3=5-30,X4=0-20,X5=0-10,TM为过渡族金属元素,包括Nb、Ta、Mo或Er;
或ZrY1TiY2CuY3NiY4BeY5,其中Y1=40-50,Y2=8-15,Y3=5-15,Y4=10,Y5=20-30。
4.根据权利要求3所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其特征在于,所述Zr基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:Zr63.78Cu14.72Ni10Al10Nb1.5
5.根据权利要求2所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其特征在于,所述Ti基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
TiZ1ZrZ2NiZ3CuZ4BeZ5BZ6SnZ7SiZ8AgZ9,其中Z1=30-50,Z2=0-35,Z3=0-30,Z4=0-45,Z5=0-35,Z6=0-4,Z7=0-6,Z8=0-5,Z9=0-5。
6.根据权利要求2所述的非晶合金刀的制作方法,其特征在于,所述Cu基非晶合金中各原子百分比满足通式:
CuW1AgW2ZrW3TiW4,其中W1=40-55,W2=8-20,W3=30-40,W4=0-10;
或(CuU1HfU2TiU3)U4TMU5,其中U1=50-70,U2=20-30,U3=10-20,U4=100-U5,U5=0-10,TM为过渡族金属元素,包括Nb、Ta、Mo和Er。
7.一种非晶合金刀,其特征在于,由权利要求1-6任一所述的制作方法制作而成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的非晶合金刀,其特征在于,所述非晶合金刀为篆刻刀、手术刀或指甲刀。
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