CN108137445B - 螺环衍生物、高聚物、混合物、组合物以及有机电子器件 - Google Patents
螺环衍生物、高聚物、混合物、组合物以及有机电子器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108137445B CN108137445B CN201680059904.9A CN201680059904A CN108137445B CN 108137445 B CN108137445 B CN 108137445B CN 201680059904 A CN201680059904 A CN 201680059904A CN 108137445 B CN108137445 B CN 108137445B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/72—Spiro hydrocarbons
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D407/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
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- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/06—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
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Abstract
提供了一类螺环衍生物,包含其的高聚物、混合物、组合物以及有机电子器件,其中,螺环衍生物中,两个螺环类单元直接或间接地通过sp 3杂化的碳原子相连,有效地调节化合物的能级,有利于提高化合物光电性能及器件稳定性,提供了为有效降低制造成本低、提高发光器件效率和寿命提供一种行之有效的方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型有机光电材料领域,尤其涉及一类螺环衍生物,包含其的高聚物、混合物、组合物以及有机电子器件。
背景技术
有机半导体材料具有结构多样性、制造成本相对较低、光电性能优越等特性,在发光二极管(OLED)等光电器件(例如平板显示器和照明)方面的应用具有巨大的潜力。
为了提高有机发光二极管的发光性能,推进有机发光二极管大范围产业化进程,各类有机光电性能材料体系已被广泛地开发。但OLED的性能,特别是寿命仍有待提高。例如磷光OLED,其主体材料的稳定性决定器件的寿命。又例如,新一代OLED材料,即热激活延迟荧光发光材料(TADF)具有很高的效率,但寿命较低,主要是由于没有合适的主体材料。再例如,印刷OLED中,急需性能好,同时又具有较好溶解性,成膜性能及热稳定性的材料,特别是主体材料。因此,新型的高性能的主体材料急需被开发出来。
在各类材料中,螺环衍生物,如螺芴等,由于具有优异的光电响应和载流子传输性能,在光电器件中得到了广泛的应用。但目前报道的螺环衍生物在光电性能方面仍存在着一定的局限性,为了进一步挖掘这类材料的光电性能,新型结构的螺环衍生物仍待开发。
发明内容
鉴于此,有必要提供一种具有更好的光电性能的螺环衍生物,包含其的高聚物、混合物、组合物以及有机电子器件。
一种螺环衍生物,具有如下通式(I):
其中,L1或L2为单键、碳原子数为6~40的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~40的芳杂基团;
A或B为碳原子数为6~20的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~20的芳杂基团;
Z1或Z2为单键、N(R)、B(R)、C(R)2、Si(R)2、O、S、C=N(R)、C=C(R)2、P(R)、P(=O)R、S=O、SO2或无;
L1、L2、A、B以及所述螺环衍生物上的氢原子可以被R取代;
R为碳原子数为1~30的烷基、碳原子数为3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂环基,并且R上的一个或多个位置可以被H、D、F、CN、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、腈基、胺基、硝基、酰基、烷氧基、羰基、砜基、环烷基或羟基取代。
一种高聚物,所述高聚物的重复单元中包含了上述的螺环衍生物。
一种混合物,包括上述的螺环衍生物或上述的高聚物;
所述混合物还包括有机功能材料。
一种组合物,包括上述的螺环衍生物、上述的高聚物或上述的混合物;
所述组合物还包括有机溶剂。
一种有机电子器件,包括上述的螺环衍生物或上述的高聚物。
这种螺环衍生物应用于OLED中,特别是作为发光层材料,能提供较高的发光稳定性和器件寿命。这种螺环衍生物,有较为合适的基态和激发态能级,具有良好的载流子传输性质,较高的荧光特性和结构稳定性,相对于传统材料,具有更好的光电性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。
在本发明中,组合物和印刷油墨,或油墨具有相同的含义,它们之间可以互换。
在本发明中,主体材料,基质材料,Host或Matrix材料具有相同的含义,它们之间可以互换。
在本发明中,金属有机络合物,金属有机配合物,有机金属配合物具有相同的含义,可以互换。
一种螺环衍生物,具有如下通式(I):
其中,L1或L2为单键、碳原子数为6~40的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~40的芳杂基团;
A或B为碳原子数为6~20的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~20的芳杂基团;
Z1或Z2为单键、N(R)、B(R)、C(R)2、Si(R)2、O、S、C=N(R)、C=C(R)2、P(R)、P(=O)R、S=O、SO2或无;
L1、L2、A、B以及所述螺环衍生物上的氢原子可以被R取代;
R为碳原子数为1~30的烷基、碳原子数为3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂环基,并且R上的一个或多个位置可以被H、D、F、CN、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、腈基、胺基、硝基、酰基、烷氧基、羰基、砜基、环烷基或羟基取代。
优选的,L1或L2为碳原子数为6~30的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~30的芳杂基团。
更优选的,L1或L2为碳原子数为6~25的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~25的芳杂基团。
最优选的,L1或L2为碳原子数为6~20的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~20的芳杂基团。
优选的,A或B为碳原子数为6~18的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~18的芳杂基团。
更优选的,A或B为碳原子数为6~15的芳香基团或碳原子数为3~15的芳杂基团。
优选的,Z1或Z2为单键、N(R)、C(R)2、O或S。
杂芳族基团指包含至少一个杂芳环的烃基(含有杂原子),包括单环基团和多环的环系统。这些多环的环可以具有两个或多个环,其中两个碳原子被两个相邻的环共用,即稠环。多环的这些环中,至少一个是杂芳族的。
具体地,芳族基团的例子有:苯、萘、蒽、菲、二萘嵌苯、并四苯、芘、苯并芘、三亚苯、苊、芴、及其衍生物。
具体地,杂芳族基团的例子有:呋喃、苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、吡咯、吡唑、三唑、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、噻唑、四唑、吲哚、咔唑、吡咯并咪唑、吡咯并吡咯、噻吩并吡咯、噻吩并噻吩、呋喃并吡咯、呋喃并呋喃、噻吩并呋喃、苯并异噁唑、苯并异噻唑、苯并咪唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、嘧啶、三嗪、喹啉、异喹啉、邻二氮萘、喹喔啉、菲啶、伯啶、喹唑啉、喹唑啉酮、及其衍生物。
L1或L2优选为苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、芴、硫芴、硅芴、咔唑、噻吩、呋喃、噻唑、三苯胺、三苯基氧磷、四苯基硅、螺芴、螺硅芴等基团,L1或L2更优选为单键、苯、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、咔唑等基团。
优选的,L1或L2包含如下基团中的一种:
在一个较为优选的实施例中,A或B包含如下基团中的一种:
其中,X为N(R1)、B(R1)、C(R1)2、Si(R1)2、O、S、C=N(R1)、C=C(R1)2、P(R1)、P(=O)R1、S=O或SO2,优选为N(R1)、C(R1)2、O或S;
R1为H、D、F、CN、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、腈基、胺基、硝基、酰基、烷氧基、羰基、砜基、羟基、碳原子数为1~30的烷基、碳原子数为3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂基团基。
优选的,R1选自甲基、苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、芴、硫芴、硅芴、咔唑、噻吩、呋喃、噻唑、三苯胺、三苯基氧磷、四苯基硅、螺芴、螺硅芴等基团。
更优选的,R1选自苯、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、咔唑等基团。
本发明公开的螺环衍生物中,两个螺环单元分别通过L1和L2连接在sp 3杂化的碳原子上。
在一个较为优选的实施例中,本发明公开的螺环衍生物选自具有如下结构式的化合物中的一个:
其中,Z1、Z2、L1、L2和R的含义如上所述。
在另一个较为优选的实施例中,本发明公开的螺环衍生物选自具有如下结构式的化合物中的一个:
其中,Z1、Z2、A和B含义如上所述。
本发明公开的螺环衍生物可以作为功能材料用于电子器件中。有机功能材料可分为空穴注入材料(HIM),空穴传输材料(HTM),电子传输材料(ETM),电子注入材料(EIM),电子阻挡材料(EBM),空穴阻挡材料(HBM),发光体(Emitter),主体材料(Host)。
在一个优选的实施例中,本发明公开的螺环衍生物可作为主体材料,或电子传输材料,或空穴传输材料。在一个更加优选的实施例中,本发明公开的螺环衍生物可作为磷光主体材料。
作为磷光主体材料必须有适当的三线态能级,即T1。在某些实施例中,本发明公开的螺环衍生物的T1≥2.2eV,较好是≥2.4eV,更好是≥2.6eV,更更好≥2.65eV,最好是≥2.7eV。
作为磷光主体材料希望有好的热稳定性。一般的,本发明公开的螺环衍生物的玻璃化温度Tg≥100℃,在一个优选的实施例中,Tg≥120℃,在一个较为优选的实施例中,Tg≥140℃,在一个更为优选的实施例中,Tg≥160℃,在一个最为优选的实施例中,Tg≥180℃。
本发明公开的螺环衍生物的合成,一般可以把SP3碳原子的下部基团先做成带羟基化合物,再把羟基氧化成羰基;把SP3碳原子的上部基团做成锂盐或格式试剂,进攻下部基团的羰基,然后再进行关环反应,就可以得到本发明公开的螺环衍生物。
下面举例本发明公开的螺环衍生物的具体例子,但并不限定:
在一个优选的实施例中,本发明公开的螺环衍生物是一种小分子材料。
本文中所定义的术语“小分子”不是聚合物,是指低聚物、树枝状聚合物或共混物的分子。特别是,小分子中没有重复结构。小分子的分子量≤3000克/摩尔,较好是≤2000克/摩尔,最好是≤1500克/摩尔。
高聚物,即Polymer,包括均聚物(homopolymer)、共聚物(copolymer)、镶嵌共聚物(block copolymer)。另外在本发明中,高聚物也包括树状物(dendrimer),有关树状物的合成及应用请参见[Dendrimers and Dendrons,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,2002,Ed.GeorgeR.Newkome,Charles N.Moorefield,Fritz Vogtle.]。
共轭高聚物(conjugated polymer)是一高聚物,它的主链backbone主要是由C原子的sp2杂化轨道构成,著名的例子有:聚乙炔polyacetylene和poly(phenylenevinylene),其主链上的C原子的也可以被其他非C原子取代,而且当主链上的sp2杂化被一些自然的缺陷打断时,仍然被认为是共轭高聚物。另外在本发明中共轭高聚物也包括主链上包含有芳基胺(aryl amine)、芳基磷化氢(aryl phosphine)及其他杂环芳烃(heteroarmotics)、有机金属络合物(organometallic complexes)等。
本发明涉及一种高聚物,高聚物的重复单元中包含上述螺环衍生物。
优选的,高聚物是非共轭高聚物,上述螺环衍生物在高聚物的侧链上。
优选的,高聚物是共轭高聚物。
本发明进一步涉及一种混合物,包含本发明公开的螺环衍生物及有机功能材料。
有机功能材料包括:空穴(也称电洞)注入或传输材料(HIM/HTM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、电子注入或传输材料(EIM/ETM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)、有机基质材料(Host)、单重态发光体(荧光发光体)、热激活延迟荧光发光材料(TADF)或三重态发光体(磷光发光体),特别是发光金属有机配合物。例如在WO2010135519A1,US20090134784A1和WO 2011110277A1中对各种有机功能材料有详细的描述,特此将此3专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
有机功能材料可以是小分子或高聚物材料。
优选的,混合物中,螺环衍生物的含量为50wt%~99.9wt%,较好的是60wt%~97wt%,更好的是70wt%~95wt%,最好的是70wt%~90wt%。
优选的,混合物包含上述螺环衍生物和磷光发光材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述高聚物和磷光发光材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述螺环衍生物和TADF材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述高聚物和TADF材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述螺环衍生物、磷光发光材料和TADF材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述高聚物、磷光发光材料和TADF材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述螺环衍生物和荧光发光材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述高聚物和荧光发光材料。
优选的,混合物包含上述螺环衍生物和发光量子点。
优选的,混合物包含上述高聚物和发光量子点。
下面对荧光发光材料或单重态发光体,磷光发光材料或三重态发光体,TADF材料和发光量子点作一些较详细的描述(但不限于此)。
1、单重态发光体(Singlet Emitter)
单重态发光体往往有较长的共轭π电子系统。迄今,已有许多例子,例如在JP2913116B和WO2001021729A1中公开的苯乙烯胺及其衍生物,和在WO2008/006449和WO2007/140847中公开的茚并芴及其衍生物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,单重态发光体可选自一元苯乙烯胺,二元苯乙烯胺,三元苯乙烯胺,四元苯乙烯胺,苯乙烯膦,苯乙烯醚和芳胺。
一个一元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物,它包含一个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺,最好是芳香胺。一个二元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物,它包含二个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺,最好是芳香胺。一个三元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物,它包含三个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺,最好是芳香胺。一个四元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物,它包含四个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺,最好是芳香胺。一个优选的苯乙烯是二苯乙烯,其可能会进一步被取代。相应的膦类和醚类的定义与胺类相似。芳基胺或芳香胺是指一种化合物,包含三个直接联接氮的无取代或取代的芳香环或杂环系统。这些芳香族或杂环的环系统中至少有一个优选于稠环系统,并最好有至少14个芳香环原子。其中优选的例子有芳香蒽胺,芳香蒽二胺,芳香芘胺,芳香芘二胺,芳香屈胺和芳香屈二胺。一个芳香蒽胺是指一化合物,其中一个二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽上,最好是在9的位置上。一个芳香蒽二胺是指一化合物,其中二个二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽上,最好是在9,10的位置上。芳香芘胺,芳香芘二胺,芳香屈胺和芳香屈二胺的定义类似,其中二元芳基胺基团最好联到芘的1或1,6位置上.
基于乙烯胺及芳胺的单重态发光体的例子,也是优选的例子,可在下述专利文件中找到:WO 2006/000388,WO 2006/058737,WO 2006/000389,WO 2007/065549,WO 2007/115610,US 7250532B2,DE 102005058557 A1,CN 1583691 A,JP 08053397 A,US 6251531B1,US 2006/210830 A,EP 1957606 A1和US 2008/0113101 A1特此上述列出的专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
基于均二苯乙烯极其衍生物的单重态发光体的例子有US 5121029。
进一步的优选的单重态发光体可选于茚并芴-胺和茚并芴-二胺,如WO 2006/122630所公开的,苯并茚并芴-胺和苯并茚并芴-二胺,如WO 2008/006449所公开的,二苯并茚并芴-胺和二苯并茚并芴-二胺,如WO2007/140847所公开的。
其他可用作单重态发光体的材料有多环芳烃化合物,特别是如下化合物的衍生物:蒽如9,10-二(2-萘并蒽),萘,四苯,氧杂蒽,菲,芘(如2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝),茚并芘,苯撑如(4,4’-双(9-乙基-3-咔唑乙烯基)-1,1’-联苯),二茚并芘,十环烯,六苯并苯,芴,螺二芴,芳基芘(如US20060222886),亚芳香基乙烯(如US5121029,US5130603),环戊二烯如四苯基环戊二烯,红荧烯,香豆素,若丹明,喹吖啶酮,吡喃如4(二氰基亚甲基)-6-(4-对二甲氨基苯乙烯基-2-甲基)-4H-吡喃(DCM),噻喃,双(吖嗪基)亚胺硼化合物(US 2007/0092753A1),双(吖嗪基)亚甲基化合物,carbostyryl化合物,噁嗪酮,苯并恶唑,苯并噻唑,苯并咪唑及吡咯并吡咯二酮。一些单重态发光体的材料可在下述专利文件中找到:US20070252517 A1,US 4769292,US 6020078,US 2007/0252517 A1,US 2007/0252517 A1。特此将上述列出的专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面的表中列出一些合适的单重态发光体的例子:
2、热激活延迟荧光发光材料(TADF):
传统有机荧光材料只能利用电激发形成的25%单线态激子发光,器件的内量子效率较低(最高为25%)。尽管磷光材料由于重原子中心强的自旋-轨道耦合增强了系间穿越,可以有效利用电激发形成的单线态激子和三线态激子发光,使器件的内量子效率达到100%。但磷光材料昂贵,材料稳定性差,器件效率滚降严重等问题限制了其在OLED中的应用。热激活延迟荧光发光材料是继有机荧光材料和有机磷光材料之后发展的第三代有机发光材料。该类材料一般具有小的单线态-三线态能级差(ΔEst),三线态激子可以通过反系间穿越转变成单线态激子发光。这可以充分利用电激发下形成的单线态激子和三线态激子。器件内量子效率可达到100%。
TADF材料需要具有较小的单线态-三线态能级差,一般是ΔEst<0.3eV,较好是ΔEst<0.2eV,更好是ΔEst<0.1eV,最好是ΔEst<0.05eV。在一个优选的实施方案中,TADF有较好的荧光量子效率。一些TADF发光的材料可在下述专利文件中找到:CN103483332(A),TW201309696(A),TW201309778(A),TW201343874(A),TW201350558(A),US20120217869(A1),WO2013133359(A1),WO2013154064(A1),Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,21,2009,4802,Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,98,2011,083302,Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,101,2012,093306,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,11392,Adachi,et.al.NaturePhotonics,6,2012,253,Adachi,et.al.Nature,492,2012,234,Adachi,et.al.J.Am.Chem.Soc,134,2012,14706,Adachi,et.al.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed,51,2012,11311,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,9580,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2013,10385,Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3319,Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3707,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3038,Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3766,Adachi,et.al.J.Mater.Chem.C.,1,2013,4599,Adachi,et.al.J.Phys.Chem.A.,117,2013,5607,特此将上述列出的专利或文章文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面的表中列出一些合适的TADF发光材料的例子:
3、三重态发光体(Triplet Emitter)
三重态发光体也称磷光发光体。在一个优选的实施方案中,三重态发光体是有通式M(L)n的金属络合物,其中M是一金属原子,L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,是一有机配体,它通过一个或多个位置键接或配位连接到金属原子M上,n是一个大于1的整数,较好选是1,2,3,4,5或6。可选地,这些金属络合物通过一个或多个位置联接到一个聚合物上,最好是通过有机配体。
在一个优选的实施方案中,金属原子M选于过渡金属元素或镧系元素或锕系元素,优先选择Ir,Pt,Pd,Au,Rh,Ru,Os,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Re,Cu或Ag,特别优先选择Os,Ir,Ru,Rh,Re,Pd或Pt。
优选地,三重态发光体包含有螯合配体,即配体,通过至少两个结合点与金属配位,特别优先考虑的是三重态发光体包含有两个或三个相同或不同的双齿或多齿配体。螯合配体有利于提高金属络合物的稳定性。
有机配体的例子可选自苯基吡啶衍生物,7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物,2(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生物,2(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物,或2苯基喹啉衍生物。所有这些有机配体都可能被取代,例如被含氟或三氟甲基取代。辅助配体可优先选自乙酸丙酮或苦味酸。
在一个优选的实施方案中,可用作三重态发光体的金属络合物有如下形式:
其中M为金属元素,M选于过渡金属元素、镧系元素或锕系元素;
Ar1每次出现时可以是相同或不同,Ar1是一个环状基团,Ar1中至少包含有一个施主原子(即有一孤对电子的原子,如氮或磷),Ar1通过施主原子与M配位连接;
Ar2每次出现时可以是相同或不同,Ar2是一个环状基团,Ar2中至少包含有一个C原子,Ar2通过C原子与M连接;
Ar1和Ar2由共价键联接在一起,Ar1和Ar2可各自携带一个或多个取代基团,Ar1和Ar2也可再通过取代基团联接在一起;
L每次出现时可以是相同或不同,L是一个辅助配体,L优选于双齿螯合配体,最好是单阴离子双齿螯合配体;
m为1、2或3,优选为2或3,特别优选为3;
n为0、1或2,优选为0或1,特别优选为0。
一些三重态发光体的材料极其应用的例子可在下述专利文件和文献中找到:WO200070655,WO 200141512,WO 200202714,WO 200215645,EP 1191613,EP 1191612,EP1191614,WO 2005033244,WO 2005019373,US 2005/0258742,WO 2009146770,WO2010015307,WO 2010031485,WO 2010054731,WO 2010054728,WO 2010086089,WO2010099852,WO 2010102709,US 20070087219 A1,US 20090061681 A1,US 20010053462A1,Baldo,Thompson et al.Nature 403,(2000),750-753,US 20090061681 A1,US20090061681 A1,Adachi et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.78(2001),1622-1624,J.Kido etal.Appl.Phys.Lett.65(1994),2124,Kido et al.Chem.Lett.657,1990,US 2007/0252517A1,Johnson et al.,JACS 105,1983,1795,Wrighton,JACS 96,1974,998,Ma et al.,Synth.Metals 94,1998,245,US 6824895,US 7029766,US 6835469,US 6830828,US20010053462 A1,WO 2007095118 A1,US 2012004407A1,WO 2012007088A1,WO2012007087A1,WO 2012007086A1,US 2008027220A1,WO 2011157339A1,CN 102282150A,WO 2009118087A1。特此将上述列出的专利文件和文献中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面的表中列出一些合适的三重态发光体的例子:
4、发光量子点
一般地,发光量子点可以在波长380纳米到2500纳米之间发光。例如,已发现,具有CdS核的量子点的发光波长位于约400纳米到560纳米范围;具有CdSe核的量子点的发光波长位于约490纳米到620纳米范围;具有CdTe核的量子点的发光波长位于约620纳米到680纳米范围;具有InGaP核的量子点的发光波长位于约600纳米到700纳米范围;具有PbS核的量子点的发光波长位于约800纳米到2500纳米范围;具有PbSe核的量子点的发光波长位于约1200纳米到2500纳米范围;具有CuInGaS核的量子点的发光波长位于约600纳米到680纳米范围;具有ZnCuInGaS核的量子点的发光波长位于约500纳米到620纳米范围;具有CuInGaSe核的量子点的发光波长位于约700纳米到1000纳米范围;
在一个优选的实施例中,所述的量子点材料包含至少一种能够发出发光峰值波长位于450nm~460nm的蓝光、或发光峰值波长位于520nm~540nm的绿光、或发光峰值波长位于615nm~630nm的红光,或它们的混合物。
所包含的量子点可以选自特殊的化学组成、形貌结构和/或大小尺寸,以获得在电刺激下发出所需波长的光。关于量子点的发光性质与其化学组成、形貌结构和/或大小尺寸的关系可以参见Annual Review of Material Sci.,2000,30,545-610;OpticalMaterials Express.,2012,2,594-628;Nano Res,2009,2,425-447。特此将上述列出的专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
量子点的窄的粒径分布能使量子点具有更窄的发光光谱(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1993,115,8706;US 20150108405)。此外,根据所采用的化学组成和结构的不同,量子点的尺寸需在上述的尺寸范围内做相应调节,以获得所需波长的发光性质。
优选地,发光量子点是半导体纳米晶体。在一个实施例中,半导体纳米晶体的尺寸为约5纳米到约15纳米的范围内。此外,根据所采用的化学组成和结构的不同,量子点的尺寸需在上述的尺寸范围内做相应调节,以获得所需波长的发光性质。
所述的半导体纳米晶体包括至少一种半导体材料,其中半导体材料可选为元素周期表IV族、II-VI族、II-V族、III-V族、III-VI族、IV-VI族、I-III-VI族、II-IV-VI族、II-IV-V族二元或多元半导体化合物或他们的混合物。具体所述的半导体材料的实例包括,但不限制于:IV族半导体化合物,由单质Si、Ge和二元化合物SiC、SiGe组成;II-VI族半导体化合物,由二元化合物包括CdSe、CdTe、CdO、CdS、CdSe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、ZnO、HgO、HgS、HgSe、HgTe,三元化合物包括CdSeS、CdSeTe、CdSTe、CdZnS、CdZnSe、CdZnTe、CgHgS、CdHgSe、ZnSeS、ZnSeTe、ZnSTe、HgSeS、HgSeTe、HgSTe、HgZnS、HgSeSe及四元化合物包括CgHgSeS、CdHgSeTe、CgHgSTe、CdZnSeS、CdZnSeTe、HgZnSeTe、HgZnSTe、CdZnSTe、HgZnSeS、组成;III-V族半导体化合物,由二元化合物包括AlN、AlP、AlAs、AlSb、GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、InN、InP、InAs、InSb,三元化合物包括AlNP、AlNAs、AlNSb、AlPAs、AlPSb、GaNP、GaNAs、GaNSb、GaPAs、GaPSb、InNP、InNAs、InNSb、InPAs、InPSb、和四元化合物包括GaAlNAs、GaAlNSb、GaAlPAs、GaInNP、GaInNAs、GaInNSb、GaInPAs、GaInPSb、InAlNP、InAlNAs、InAlNSb、InAlPAs、InAlPSb组成;IV-VI族半导体化合物,由二元化合物包括SnS、SnSe、SnTe、PbSe、PbS、PbTe,三元化合物包括SnSeS、SnSeTe、SnSTe、SnPbS、SnPbSe、SnPbTe、PbSTe、PbSeS、PbSeTe和四元化合物包括SnPbSSe、SnPbSeTe、SnPbSTe组成。
在一个优选的实施例中,发光量子点包含有II-VI族半导体化合物,优先选自CdSe,CdS,CdTe,ZnO,ZnSe,ZnS,ZnTe,HgS,HgSe,HgTe,CdZnSe及它们的任何组合。在合适的实施方案中,由于CdSe,CdS的合成相对成熟而将此材料用作用于可见光的发光量子点。
在另一个优选的实施例中,发光量子点包含有III-V族半导体化合物,优先选自InAs,InP,InN,GaN,InSb,InAsP,InGaAs,GaAs,GaP,GaSb,AlP,AlN,AlAs,AlSb,CdSeTe,ZnCdSe及它们的任何组合。
在另一个优选的实施例中,发光量子点包含有IV-VI族半导体化合物,优先选自PbSe,PbTe,PbS,PbSnTe,Tl2SnTe5及它们的任何组合。
在一个优选的实施例中,量子点为一核壳结构。核与壳分别相同或不同地包括一种或多种半导体材料。
所述的具有核壳结构的量子点,壳可以包括单层或多层的结构。壳包括一种或多种与核相同或不同的半导体材料。在一个优选的实施例中,壳具有约1到20层的厚度。在一个更为优选的实施例中,壳具有约5到10层的厚度。在某些实施例中,在量子点核的表面生长两种或两种以上的壳。
在一个优选的实施例中,用于壳的半导体材料具有比核更大的带隙。特别优选的,壳核具有I型的半导体异质结结构。
在另一个优选的实施例中,用于壳的半导体材料具有比核更小的带隙。
在一个优选的实施例中,用于壳的半导体材料具有与核相同或接近的原子晶体结构。这样的选择有利于减小核壳间的应力,使量子点更为稳定。
合适的采用核壳结构的发光量子点的例子(但不限制于)有:
红光:CdSe/CdS,CdSe/CdS/ZnS,CdSe/CdZnS等
绿光:CdZnSe/CdZnS,CdSe/ZnS等
蓝光:CdS/CdZnS,CdZnS/ZnS等
本发明进一步涉及一种组合物或油墨。
组合物或油墨包含上述螺环衍生物、上述高聚物或上述混合物,以及有机溶剂。
本发明进一步提供一种从溶液中制备包含上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物的薄膜。
用于印刷工艺时,油墨的粘度,表面张力是重要的参数。合适的油墨的表面张力参数适合于特定的基板和特定的印刷方法。
在一个优选的实施例中,油墨在工作温度或在25℃下的表面张力约在19dyne/cm到50dyne/cm范围;更好是在22dyne/cm到35dyne/cm范围;最好是在25dyne/cm到33dyne/cm范围。
在另一个优选的实施例中,油墨在工作温度或25℃下的粘度约在1cps到100cps范围;较好是在1cps到50cps范围;更好是在1.5cps到20cps范围;最好是在4.0cps到20cps范围。如此配制的组合物将适合于喷墨印刷。
粘度可以通过不同的方法调节,如通过合适的溶剂选取和油墨中功能材料的浓度。
包含上述螺环衍生物、上述高聚物或上述混合物的油墨可方便人们将印刷油墨按照所用的印刷方法在适当的范围调节。
一般地,上述组合物中,上述螺环衍生物、上述高聚物或上述混合物的重量比为0.3%~30wt%范围,较好的为0.5%~20wt%范围,更好的为0.5%~15wt%范围,更更好的为0.5%~10wt%范围,最好的为1%~5wt%范围。
在一些实施例中,有机溶剂选自基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂,特别是脂肪族链/环取代的芳族溶剂、芳族酮溶剂或芳族醚溶剂。
优选的,有机溶剂选自基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂,例如:对二异丙基苯、戊苯、四氢萘、环己基苯、氯萘、1,4-二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、二戊苯、三戊苯、戊基甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二乙苯、间二乙苯、对二乙苯、1,2,3,4-四甲苯、1,2,3,5-四甲苯、1,2,4,5-四甲苯、丁苯、十二烷基苯、二己基苯、二丁基苯、对二异丙基苯、1-甲氧基萘、环己基苯、二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、1-甲基萘、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3-二丙氧基苯、4,4-二氟二苯甲烷、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、二苯甲烷、2-苯基吡啶、3-苯基吡啶、N-甲基二苯胺、4-异丙基联苯、α,α-二氯二苯甲烷、4-(3-苯基丙基)吡啶、苯甲酸苄酯、1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、2-异丙基萘、二苄醚等;基于酮的溶剂:1-四氢萘酮,2-四氢萘酮,2-(苯基环氧)四氢萘酮,6-(甲氧基)四氢萘酮,苯乙酮、苯丙酮、二苯甲酮、及它们的衍生物,如4-甲基苯乙酮、3-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-甲基苯丙酮、3-甲基苯丙酮、2-甲基苯丙酮,异佛尔酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、葑酮、2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮;芳族醚溶剂:3-苯氧基甲苯、丁氧基苯、苄基丁基苯、对茴香醛二甲基乙缩醛、四氢-2-苯氧基-2H-吡喃、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、1,4-苯并二噁烷、1,3-二丙基苯、2,5-二甲氧基甲苯、4-乙基本乙醚、1,2,4-三甲氧基苯、4-(1-丙烯基)-1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、缩水甘油基苯基醚、二苄基醚、4-叔丁基茴香醚、反式-对丙烯基茴香醚、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1-甲氧基萘、二苯醚、2-苯氧基甲醚、2-苯氧基四氢呋喃、乙基-2-萘基醚、戊醚c己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚;酯溶剂:辛酸烷酯、癸二酸烷酯、硬脂酸烷酯、苯甲酸烷酯、苯乙酸烷酯、肉桂酸烷酯、草酸烷酯、马来酸烷酯、烷内酯、油酸烷酯等。
优选的,有机溶剂选自脂肪族酮,例如:2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮等;或脂肪族醚,例如,戊醚、己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚等。
优选的,印刷油墨还包含有另一种有机溶剂。另一种有机溶剂选自:甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、氯苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、苯甲醚、吗啉、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,4二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、1,2二氯乙烷、3-苯氧基甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢萘、萘烷、茚和/或它们的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组合物为溶液。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,组合物为悬浮液。
本发明还涉及上述组合物作为印刷油墨在制备有机电子器件时的用途,特别优选的是通过打印或涂布的制备方法。
其中,适合的打印或涂布技术包含(但不限于)喷墨打印,喷印(NozzlePrinting),活版印刷,丝网印刷,浸涂,旋转涂布,刮刀涂布,辊筒印花,扭转辊印刷,平版印刷,柔版印刷,轮转印刷,喷涂,刷涂或移印,喷印刷(Nozzle printing),狭缝型挤压式涂布等。首选的是喷墨印刷,狭缝型挤压式涂布,喷印刷及凹版印刷。溶液或悬浮液可以另外包含一个或多个组份例如表面活性化合物,润滑剂,润湿剂,分散剂,疏水剂,粘接剂等,用于调节粘度,成膜性能,提高附着性等。有关打印技术,及其对有关溶液的相关要求,如溶剂及浓度,粘度等,的详细信息请参见Helmut Kipphan主编的《印刷媒体手册:技术和生产方法》(Handbook of Print Media:Technologies and Production Methods),ISBN 3-540-67326-1。
基于上述螺环衍生物,本发明还提供一种上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物在有机电子器件的应用。
有机电子器件包括有机发光二极管(OLED),有机光伏电池(OPV),有机发光电池(OLEEC),有机场效应管(OFET),有机发光场效应管,有机激光器,有机自旋电子器件,有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)等,特别是OLED。优选的,上述螺环衍生物用于OLED器件的发光层中。
本发明进一步涉及一种有机电子器件,包含上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物。一般的,此种有机电子器件至少包含阴极、阳极及位于阴极和阳极之间的功能层,其中功能层中至少上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物。
有机电子器件包括有机发光二极管(OLED),有机光伏电池(OPV),有机发光电池(OLEEC),有机场效应管(OFET),有机发光场效应管,有机激光器,有机自旋电子器件,有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)。
在一个较为优选的实施例中,有机电子器件为电致发光器件,特别是OLED。电致发光器件包含基片、阳极、发光层和阴极。电致发光器件还可以选择性的包含空穴传输层。
在某些实施例中,电致发光器件的空穴传输层中包含上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,电致发光器件的发光层中包含上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物。
更加优选的,电致发光器件的发光层中包含上述螺环衍生物或上述高聚物,及发光材料。发光材料可选于荧光发光体、磷光发光体、TADF材料或发光量子点。
下面对电致发光器件的器件结构做一描述,但不限于。
基片可以是不透明或透明。一个透明的基板可以用来制造一个透明的发光元器件。例如可参见,Bulovic等Nature 1996,380,p29,和Gu等,Appl.Phys.Lett.1996,68,p2606。基片可以是刚性的或弹性的。基片可以是塑料,金属,半导体晶片或玻璃。最好是基片有一个平滑的表面。无表面缺陷的基板是特别理想的选择。在一个优选的实施例中,基片是柔性的,可选于聚合物薄膜或塑料,其玻璃化温度Tg为150℃以上,较好是超过200℃,更好是超过250℃,最好是超过300℃。合适的柔性基板的例子有聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)和聚乙二醇(2,6-萘)(PEN)。
阳极可包含导电金属或金属氧化物,或导电聚合物。阳极可以容易地注入空穴到空穴注入层(HIL)或空穴传输层(HTL)或发光层中。在一个优选的实施例中,阳极的功函数和发光层中的发光体或作为HIL或HTL或电子阻挡层(EBL)的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV,较好是小于0.3eV,最好是小于0.2eV。阳极材料的例子包含但不限于:Al、Cu、Au、Ag、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)等。其他合适的阳极材料是已知的,本领域普通技术人员可容易地选择使用。阳极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积,如一合适的物理气相沉积法,包含射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。在某些实施例中,阳极是图案结构化的。图案化的ITO导电基板可在市场上买到,并且可以用来制备根据本发明的器件。
阴极可包含导电金属或金属氧化物。阴极可以容易地注入电子到EIL或ETL或直接到发光层中。在一个优选的实施例中,阴极的功函数和发光层中发光体或作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV,较好是小于0.3eV,最好是小于0.2eV。原则上,所有可用作OLED的阴极的材料都可能作为本发明器件的阴极材料。阴极材料的例子包含但不限于:Al、Au、Ag、Ca、Ba、Mg、LiF/Al、MgAg合金、BaF2/Al、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO等。阴极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积,如一合适的物理气相沉积法,包含射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。
OLED还可以包含其他功能层,如空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、电子注入层(EIL)、电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)。适合用于这些功能层中的材料在前面有详细的描述。
在一个优选的实施例中,电致发光器件的发光层包含本发明的有机金属配合物或高聚物,并且通过溶液加工的方法制备而成。
优选的,电致发光器件的发光波长在300到1000nm之间,较好的是在350到900nm之间,更好的是在400到800nm之间。
本发明还涉及上述有机电子器件在各种电子设备中的应用,包含,但不限于,显示设备、照明设备、光源、传感器等等。
下面将结合优选实施例对本发明进行了说明,但本发明并不局限于下述实施例,应当理解,所附权利要求概括了本发明的范围在本发明构思的引导下本领域的技术人员应意识到,对本发明的各实施例所进行的一定的改变,都将被本发明的权利要求书的精神和范围所覆盖。
按照本发明的化合物的合成方法举例,但本发明并不局限于下述实施例。
实施例1、化合物(2-3)的合成
氮气环境下,将(23.7g,60mmol)的化合物(2-3-1)和300mL无水的四氢呋喃加入500mL的三口瓶中,降温至-78℃,缓慢滴加(60mmol)正丁基锂,滴加完毕,保持温度反应1.5小时,一次性加入(2.64g,30mmol)甲酸乙酯,让反应自然升到室温,反应12小时,在加入20mL水,搅拌反应0.5小时,停止反应,将反应液旋转蒸发掉大部分溶剂,用二氯甲烷溶解水洗3逦,收集有机液拌硅胶过柱进行纯化,产率50%。
将(13.2g,20mmol)的化合物3-1-3、(4.3g,20mmol)的氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)和80mL的二氯甲烷加入150mL单口瓶中,常温搅拌反应4小时,结束反应,将反应液拌硅胶过柱进行纯化,产率80%。
氮气环境下,将(0.72g,30mmol)的Mg、5mL无水四氢呋喃、(1.17g,5mmol)的化合物2-3-5和碘一粒加入到100mL的两口瓶中,加热引发格式反应,引发后再缓慢滴加,(3.5g,15mmol)的化合物2-3-5的25mL无水四氢呋喃溶液,室温搅拌反应1小时,再加热溶掉反应瓶中生成格式试剂沉淀物,并导入到装有(6.6g,10mmol)的化合物2-3-4和40mL无水THF的150mL的三口瓶中,加热60℃反应12小时,加入20mL水继续反应0.5小时,停止反应,将反应液旋转蒸发掉大部分溶剂,用二氯甲烷溶解水洗3逦,收集有机液,浓缩后直接用于下一步反应原料,无需进一步提纯。
将上一步说得的化合物2-3-7,30mL乙酸和15mL氢溴酸加入100mL两口瓶中,加热100℃搅拌反应12个小时,结束反应,将反应液加入到300mL水中,抽滤,滤渣用二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶液重结晶,产率80%。
实施例2、化合物(3-1)的合成
氮气环境下,将(14.2g,60mmol)的1,4-二溴苯和150mL无水的四氢呋喃加入500mL的三口瓶中,降温至-78℃,缓慢滴加(60mmol)正丁基锂,滴加完毕,保持温度反应1.5小时,一次性加入(2.64g,30mmol)甲酸乙酯,让反应自然升到室温,反应12小时,在加入20mL水,搅拌反应0.5小时,停止反应,将反应液旋转蒸发掉大部分溶剂,用二氯甲烷溶解水洗3逦,收集有机液拌硅胶过柱进行纯化,产率60%。
将(10.3g,30mmol)的化合物3-1-3、(6.5g,30mmol)的氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)和60mL的二氯甲烷加入150mL单口瓶中,常温搅拌反应4小时,结束反应,将反应液拌硅胶过柱进行纯化,产率80%。
氮气环境下,将(0.72g,30mmol)的Mg、5mL无水四氢呋喃、(1.17g,5mmol)的化合物3-1-5和碘一粒加入到100mL的两口瓶中,加热引发格式反应,引发后再缓慢滴加,(3.5g,15mmol)的化合物3-1-5的25mL无水四氢呋喃溶液,室温搅拌反应1小时,再加热溶掉反应瓶中生成格式试剂沉淀物,并导入到装有(3.4g,10mmol)的化合物3-1-4和20mL无水THF的100mL的三口瓶中,加热60℃反应12小时,加入20mL水继续反应0.5小时,停止反应,将反应液旋转蒸发掉大部分溶剂,用二氯甲烷溶解水洗3逦,收集有机液,浓缩后直接用于下一步反应原料,无需进一步提纯。
将上一步说得的化合物3-1-7,10mL乙酸和5mL氢溴酸加入50mL两口瓶中,加热100℃搅拌反应12个小时,结束反应,将反应液加入到100mL水中,抽滤,滤渣用二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶液重结晶,产率90%。
氮气环境下,将(2.38g,5mmol)的化合物3-1-8,(4.42g,10mmol)的化合物3-1-9,(2.1g,20mmol)碳酸钠,(0.6g,0.5mmol)四(三苯基膦)钯、2mL水和30mL1,4-二氧六环加入到100mL的三口瓶中,加热140℃反应12小时,将反应液旋转蒸发掉大部分溶剂,用二氯甲烷溶解水洗3逦,收集有机液拌硅胶过柱进行纯化,产率85%。
实施例3、有机化合物的能量结构
有机材料的能级可通过量子计算得到,比如利用TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)通过Gaussian03W(Gaussian Inc.),具体的模拟方法可参见WO2011141110。首先用半经验方法“Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)来优化分子几何结构,然后有机分子的能量结构由TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)方法算得“TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91”与基组“6-31G(d)”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)。HOMO和LUMO能级按照下面的校准公式计算,S1和T1直接使用。
HOMO(eV)=((HOMO(G)×27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LUMO(G)×27.212)-2.0041)/1.385
其中HOMO(G)和LUMO(G)是Gaussian 03W的直接计算结果,单位为Hartree。结果如表一所示:
表一
材料 | HOMO[eV] | LUMO[eV] | T1[eV] | S1[eV] |
HATCN | -9.04 | -5.08 | 2.32 | 3.17 |
NPB | -6.72 | -2.85 | 2.97 | 3.46 |
TCTA | -5.34 | -2.20 | 2.73 | 3.42 |
2-3 | -5.95 | -2.24 | 2.86 | 3.96 |
3-1 | -5.82 | -2.31 | 2.74 | 3.47 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> | -5.30 | -2.35 | 2.70 | 2.93 |
B3PYMPM | -5.33 | -2.20 | 2.72 | 3.28 |
实施例4、OLED器件的制备及表征
在本实施例中,分别用实施例1制得的化合物(2-3)和实施例2制得的化合物(3-1)作为主体材料,Ir(ppy)3作为发光材料,HATCN作为空穴注入材料,NPB和TCTA作为空穴传输材料,B3PYMPM作为电子传输材料,构造成器件结构为ITO/HATCN/NPB/TCTA/主体材料:Ir(ppy)3(15%)/B3PYMPM/LiF/Al的电致发光器件。
上述材料HATCN、NPB、TCTA、B3PYMPM、Ir(ppy)3均是可商业购得,如吉林奥莱德(Jilin OLED Material Tech Co.,Ltd,www.jl-oled.com),或其合成方法均为现有技术,详见现有技术中的参考文献,在此不再赘述。
下面通过具体实施例来详细说明采用上述的OLED器件的制备过程,OLED器件(如表2)的结构为:ITO/HATCN/NPB/TCTA/主体材料:Ir(ppy)3/B3PYMPM/LiF/Al,制备步骤如下:
a、ITO(铟锡氧化物)导电玻璃基片的清洗:使用各种溶剂(例如氯仿、丙酮或异丙醇中的一种或几种)清洗,然后进行紫外臭氧处理;
b、HATCN(5nm),NPB(40nm),TCTA(10nm),主体材料:15%Ir(ppy)3(15nm),B3PYMPM(40nm),LiF(1nm),Al(100nm)在高真空(1×10-6毫巴)中热蒸镀而成;
c、封装:器件在氮气手套箱中用紫外线硬化树脂封装。
表2
OLED器件 | 主体材料 |
OLED1 | (2-3) |
OLED2 | (3-1) |
RefOLED | CBP |
其中CBP购于吉林奥莱德。
各OLED器件的电流电压(J-V)特性通过表征设备来表征,同时记录重要的参数如效率,寿命及外部量子效率。经检测,OLED1和OLED2的发光效率是RefOELD的2倍以上,寿命是2倍。可见,采用本发明的有机化合物制备的OLED器件,其寿命得到大大提高。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺环衍生物,其特征在于,所述螺环衍生物的玻璃化温度Tg≥100℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的螺环衍生物,其特征在于,L1或L2为单键或苯。
7.一种混合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~6中任一项所述的螺环衍生物和有机功能材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合物,其特征在于,所述有机功能材料选自空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、电子注入材料、电子传输材料、空穴阻挡材料、电子阻挡材料、有机基质材料、单重态发光体、热激活延迟荧光发光材料、三重态发光体和发光金属有机配合物中的至少一种。
9.一种组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~6中任一项所述的螺环衍生物、或权利要求7~8中任一项所述的混合物;
所述组合物还包括有机溶剂。
10.一种有机电子器件,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~6中任一项所述的螺环衍生物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述有机电子器件选自有机发光二极管、有机光伏电池、有机发光电池、有机场效应管、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器、有机自旋电子器件、有机传感器和有机等离激元发射二极管中的一种。
12.根据权利要求11所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述有机电子器件为有机发光二极管,所述有机电子器件包括基片、阳极、发光层和阴极。
13.根据权利要求12所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述发光层中包含权利要求1~6中任一项所述的螺环衍生物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述发光层中还包含发光材料,所述发光材料选自荧光发光体、磷光发光体、TADF材料或发光量子点。
15.根据权利要求14所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述电致发光器件还包括空穴传输层;
所述空穴传输层中包含权利要求1~6中任一项所述的螺环衍生物。
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CN109427985B (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-12-24 | 昆山国显光电有限公司 | 有机电致发光器件及显示装置 |
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